:yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng clej[l4 tflnd - medbox.org · :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg...

:yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng

tyf

Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] Ifdtf

clej[l4 tflnd

k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

g]kfn ;/sf/

:jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno

:jf:Yo ;]jf ljefu

/fli6«o :jf:Yo tflnd s]Gb|6]s', sf7df8f}+

@)^&

kf7\oqmd kl/dfh{gdf ;+nUg dxfg'efjx? -@)^&_

>L ch'{gaxfb'/ l;+x, lgb{]zs, /fli6«o :jf:Yo tflnd s]Gb|>L Clif/fd v8\sf, pk–;lrj, /fli6«o :jf:Yo tflnd s]Gb|>L ;+ho bfxfn, hg:jf:Yo clws[t, /fli6«o P8\; tyf of}g /f]u lgoGq0f s]Gb|>L OGb| a:ofn, zfvf clws[t, :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno>L 3gZofd kf]v/]n, jl/i7 hg:jf:Yo k|zf;s, Joj:yfkg dxfzfvf>L bL3{/fh >]i7, jl/i7 ljz]if1, g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd bf];|f]>L pb]j dxh{g, jl/i7 sfo{qmd clws[t÷tflnd ;+of]hs, g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd bf];|f]>L w'|j yfkf, jl/i7 sfo{qmd clws[t, g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd bf];|f]>L dbg yfkf, lkmN8 d]g]h/, g]kfn kl/jf/ :Jf:Yo sfo{qmd bf];|f]>L /fh]z lnDa", sfo{qmd clws[t, g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd bf];|f]>L kz'klt t'nfw/, lkmN8 clkm;/, g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd bf];|f]>L u0f]z kf08], sfo{qmd clws[t, g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd bf];|f]>L uug u'?Ë, l6d ln8/, g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd bf];|f]

kf7\oqmd k'g/fjnf]sgsf ljz]if ;Nnfxsf/

>L ch'{gaxfb'/ l;+x, lgb{]zs, /fli6«o :jf:Yo tflnd s]Gb|>L Clif/fd v8\sf, pk–;lrj, /fli6«o :jf:Yo tflnd s]Gb|>L bL3{/fh >]i7, jl/i7 ljz]if1, g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd bf];|f]>L w'|j yfkf, jl/i7 sfo{qmd clws[t, g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd bf];|f]

Kff7\\oqmd kl/dfh{g sfo{bnsf ;b:ox?

>L Clif/fd v8\sf, pk–;lrj, /fli6«o :jf:Yo tflnd s]Gb| – ;+of]hs>L OGb| a:ofn, zfvf clws[t, :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno – ;b:o>L 3gZofd kf]v/]n, jl/i7 hg:jf:Yo k|zf;s, Joj:yfkg dxfzfvf – ;b:o>L ;+ho bfxfn, hg:jf:Yo clws[t, /fli6«o P8\; tyf of}g /f]u lgoGq0f s]Gb| – ;b:o>L pb]j dxh{g, jl/i7 sfo{qmd clws[t÷tflnd ;+of]hs, g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd bf];|f] –

;b:o>L uug u'?Ë, l6d ln8/, g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd bf];|f] – ;b:o

kf7\oqmd ljsf; tyf k'g/fjnf]sgdf ;+nUg dxfg'efj tyf lgsfox? -@)^#_

s_ sfo{ 6f]nL

!= >L Clif/fd v8\sf, ;+of]hs /fli6«o :jf:Yo tflnd s]Gb|,:jf:Yo ;]jf ljefu, 6]s'

@= >L /Ltf hf]zL, ;b:o Joj:yfkg dxfzfvf,:jf:Yo ;]jf ljefu, 6]s'

#= >L xs{axfb'/ yfkf, ;b:o u|fdL0f :jf:Yo ljsf; sfo{qmd, hfjnfv]n$= >L w|'j yfkf, ;b:o g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd, ;fg]kf%= >L uug u'?Ë, ;b:o g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd, ;fg]kf

-v_ k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt

!= >L ch'{gaxfb'/ l;+x, k|d'v gLlt, of]hgf tyf cGt{/fli6«o ;xof]udxfzfvf, :jf:Yo tyf hg;+VofdGqfno, /fdzfxky, sf7df8f}+

@= >L cld/ vftL, lgb{]zs /fli6«o :jf:Yo tflnd s]Gb|,:jf:Yo ;]jf ljefu, 6]s'

#= >L 8f=afa'/fd d/fl;gL, ;+of]hs :jf:Yo If]q ;'wf/ OsfO,:jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno, /fdzfxky,sf7df8f}+

$= >L /fdhL 9sfn, k|d'v ;+of]hs :jf:Yo If]q ;xof]u sfo{qd, lh=l6= h]8, 6]s'%= >L bL3{/fh >]i7, jl/i7 ljz]if1 g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd, ;fg]kf^= >L x/]/fd e§/fO{, k|ltlglw Dofg]hd]G6 ;fOG; km/ x]Ny, (MSH)&= 8f= bfdf]b/ clwsf/L, :jf:Yo If]q ;'wf/ ;xof]u sfo{qmd,

jl/i7 ;Nnfxsf/ (RTI International), ;fg]kf

-u_ ljz]if ;xof]uL

!= >L tTj ltldlN;gf OlG:6Ro'6 km/ sNr/n ckm]o;{ (ICA)@= >L dbg/fh lji6 OlG:6Ro'6 km/ sNr/n ckm]o;{ (ICA)#= >L /fh]z lnDa" g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd, ;fg]kf$= >L ;'lhtf zfSo g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd, ;fg]kf%= >L ;l/tf ofbj g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd, ;fg]kf

ljifo–;"rL

-v08M !_ k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

qm=;+= ljifo ;q kf=g+=

!= kf7\oqmd 9fFrf – s !

@= b}lgs sfo{ tflnsf – s ^

#= ;xefuL xflh/L gd'gf kmf/d – s &

$= tflnd kf7\oqmdsf] ;f/;+If]k – s *

%= kl/rofTds lqmofsnfk s #

^= x:tfGt/0f k|lqmof v &

&= :Jff:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg ;'b[9Ls/0f sfo{qmdsf] cfjZostf u !!

*= :j:y hLjg M æxfd|f] :jf:Yo xfd|f] lhDd]jf/LÆ 3 !#

(= :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 pknAw x'g] ;]jfx? ª !(

!)= :Jff:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg r @#

!!= Kflxnf] lbgsf] k'g/fjnf]sg 5 @&

!@= :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;+/rgf h @(

!#= :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] e"ldsf tyf lhDd]jf/L em ##

!$= a}7s ;~rfng k|lqmof ` #&

!%= :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] sfo{x?sf] :jd"NofÍg 6 $!

!^= bf];|f] lbgsf] k'g/fjnf]sg 7 $%

!&= :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfj]zLs/0f 8 $&

!*= :jf:Yo ;+:yf / ;ldltsf] kl/sNkgf 9 %#

!(= ;ldlt / :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] sfo{of]hgf 0f %%

@)= d"NofÍg t ^#

@!= tflndsf] ;f/;+If]k y ^%

l:f=g+= ljifo k]=g+=

!= x:tfGt/0f k|lqmof af/] 5f]6f] hfgsf/L ^(

@= :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg ;'b[9Ls/0f sfo{qmd af/] 5f]6f] hfgsf/L &@

#= :j:y hLjg æxfd|f] :jf:Yo xfd|f] lhDd]jf/LÆ &%

$= :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf pknAw ;]jfx? &^

%= :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg *@

^ :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;+/rgf *#

&= :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] e"ldsf tyf lhDd]jf/L *&

*= a}7s ()

(= :yfgLo :jf:Yo :f+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf sfo{x?sf] :jd"Nof°g (@

!)= :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfj]zLs/0f (^

!!= kl/sNkgf ((

!@= ;ldlt / :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] sfo{of]hgf !)!

!#= ;"rgf ;+sng k|lqmof !)&

!$= ;'kl/j]If0f !)*

!%= ;'zf;g !!@

!^= ;|f]t kl/rfng !!^

!&= ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f !@!

!*= of]hgf th'{df !@&

!(= d"NofÍg !#$

@)= tflndsf] ;f/;+If]k !#&

-v08M @_ ;+be{ ;fdu|L

:yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyfJoj:yfkg ;ldltsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 tflnd

k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

:yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyfJoj:yfkg ;ldltsf] Ifdtf clej[l4tflnd kf7\oqmdsf] 9f“rf

!= k[i7e"ldM

u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jf kfpg' ;a} gful/ssf] g};lu{s clwsf/ xf] . To;}n] ;/sf/sf] tk{maf6k|To]s gful/snfO{ u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ljleGg k|of;x? ul/Psf x'G5g\ . xfd|f]g]kfndf klg of] k|of; hf/L 5 . ljutsf bzsx?df cGo b]zx? / xfd|} g]kfndf klg ePsfljsf;sf ljleGg k|of;x?nfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ :yfgLo txsf dflg;x?nfO{ ljsf; sfo{sf]Joj:yfkg h:t}M ;d:ofsf] klxrfg ug]{, ;dfwfgsf pkfox?sf] vf]hL ug]{, ;|f]t ;fwgsf]kl/rfng ug]{, sfof{Gjog ug]{, cg'udg ug]{ cflb sfo{x?df ;xefuL u/fpFbf sd nfut,k|efjsf/L tyf a9L lbuf] ePsf] tYo ;j{dfGo eO;s]sf] 5 .

oxL tYonfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ xfd|f] b]zdf klg :yfgLo ;d'bfosf dflg;x?sf] ;xeflutfdf s]xLljsf;sf sfo{x?sf] z'?jft ul/Psf lyP / tL ;kmn klg eP . oxL tYonfO{ ce}m Jofks Pj+k|efjsf/L agfpg g]kfn ;/sf/n] @)%% ;fndf ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] l;¢fGtdf cfwfl/t :yfgLo:jfoQ zf;g P]g kfl/t u/L ;a} ljsf;sf sfo{x?df :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf a9fpFb}n}hfg] lg0f{o ul/;s]sf] 5 . oxL P]g / lgodfjnL cg';f/ :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?nfO{ qmdzM:yfgLo lgsfox?df x:tfGt/0f ug]{ qmdsf] z'?jft cfly{s jif{ @)%(÷)^) df ul/of] . g]kfn;/sf/n] cfk\mgf] ;Lldt ;fwg / ;|f]t Pj+ ljleGg ;+3–;+:yfx?sf] ;xof]udf xfn;Dd @*lhNnfsf !$## :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?nfO{ :yfgLo lgsfodf x:tfGt/0f u/L Joj:yfkgsf] lhDdf:yfgLo ;d'bfosf dflg;x?nfO{ lbO;s]sf] 5 .

:yfgLo lgsfonfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/;s]kl5 pQm x:tfGtl/t :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkgsf] lhDdf:yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] sfFwdf cfPsf] 5 . pQm :jf:Yo;+:yfx?sf] k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkg ug{ Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL 1fg / ;Lkk|bfg u/L Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{' cTofjZos x'G5 .

o;sf lglDt g]kfn ;/sf/ /fli6«o :jf:Yo tflnd s]Gb|sf] cu'jfOdf x:tfGtl/t :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltx?sf nflu cled"vLs/0f sfo{qmd ul/;lsPsf 5g\ . ;fy}ljutdf ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] ;ldltsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ ljleGg lsl;dsf tflndx?;~rfng u/]sf] lyof] . ;a} ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] d'Vo hf]8 ;ldltsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 g} eP tfklgTo;sf tf}/ tl/sfx? km/s km/s ePsfn] o;nfO{ Ps¿ktf Nofpg'kg]{ cfjZostf 68\sf/f]¿kdf dx;'; ul/of] . oxL s'/fnfO{ dWogh/ u/L /fli6«o :jf:Yo tflnd s]Gb|sf] g]t[Tjdf /Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] Ifdtf clej[l4df sfo{/t ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;+nUgtfdf :yfgLo:jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 sfo{qmdnfO{ cem k|efjsf/Lagfpg lgDg lg0f{ox? ul/P M

s !

:yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyfJoj:yfkg ;ldltsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 tflndk|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

!= eljiodf :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf;;Fu ;DaGwLt s'g} klg sfo{x?;~rfng ubf{ lgDg l;¢fGtx?sf] cjnDag ug]{M

� ;xeflutfd"ns k|lqmofaf6 sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ .� :yfgLo:t/df ljBfno / cGo ;+3–;+:yfx?sf] ;xof]u / ;xeflutf a9fpg] .� :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?af6 :yfgLo txsf] :jf:Yo cfjZostf klxrfg ug]{ / To;sf

cfwf/df of]hgf th{'df u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ .� ;a} 7fpFdf Pp6} k|sf/sf :jf:Yo sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{sf] ;§f :yfgLo:t/sf] cfjZostf

cg';f/ of]hgf / sfo{qmd agfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ kl/kf6LnfO{ a9fjf lb+b} n}hfg] .� Ifdtf clej[l¢ ug]{ k|lqmofdf k|To]s txdf ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] efjgf cg';f/ sfo{ ;~rfng

ug]{ .

@= :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] x:tfGt/0f tyf Ifdtf clej[l¢ ug]{ lgb]{lzsf, kf7\oqmd Pj+ sfo{ ug]{ tf}/tl/sfdf Ps¿ktf Nofpg] .

#= x:tfGt/0f eO;s]sf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?sf] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox?nfO{ ljleGg;+3÷;+:yfx?sf] ;xof]udf Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ / lgoldt cg'udgug]{ .

oxL s'/fnfO{ dgg ub}{ z'?df Ifdtf clej[l4sf nflu b'O{ lbg] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd / gf}+ j6fljifox?sf ljif]z kf7\o ;fdu|Lx? tof/ ul/Psf lyP . t/ ;do qmd cg';f/ k|fKt cg'ejx?sf]cfwf/df oL kf7\oqmdx?nfO{ kl/dfh{g ug'{kg]{ dx;'; ul/of] . To;}n] pQm b'O{ lbg] cGt/lqmofsfo{qmdnfO{ :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL yk ljifoj:t'x? ;dfj]z u/L tLg lbg] Ifdtfclej[l4 tflndsf] ¿kdf kl/dflh{t ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} ;ldltnfO{ :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg;DaGwL yk 1fg / ;Lk k|bfg ug{sf nflu ;do ;dodf ;dLIff uf]i7Lx? klg /fVg' kg]{cfjZostf dx;"; ePsf] 5 .

of] lgb]{lzsf tLg lbgsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 tflnd ;~rfng ug{ tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . o; cGtu{tk|To]s lbg ljleGg ljifoj:t'df s]lGb|t /x]/ 5nkmn ul/G5 / tL ljifoj:t'x? Pscsf{;Fu;DalGwt 5g\ .

o; lgb]{lzsfdf tflndsf] d'Vo p2]Zo, ljlw, cfjZos ;fdu|L, ;do / lqmofsnfkx? ;dfj]zul/Psf 5g\ . lqmofsnfkdf ljleGg ;qx? ;~rfng ug]{ tf}/ tl/sfx?nfO{ qmda4 ¿kn] JofVoful/Psf] 5 .

lgb]{lzsfsf] ;'?jftdf /flvPsf sfo{tflnsfx?n] tflnddf ul/g] lqmofsnfkx?af/] ;+lIfKtemns lbG5g\ . ;fy} pQm sfo{tflnsfn] ;xhstf{nfO{ k|To]s lbgsf] 5nkmnnfO{ k|efjsf/Ltl/sfn] ;~rfng ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb5 .

k|To]s ;qsf] z'?jft To;sf] p2]Zoaf6 x'g]5 . p2]Zo eGgfn] ;xefuLx?n] ;qsf] cGtdf l;Sg'kg]{ 1fg / ;LknfO{ a'emfpF5 . pQm p2]Zo k|fKt ug{sf nflu ug'{kg]{ ljleGg lqmofsnfksf ;fy}

s @


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

;f] cg';f/ ljleGg ljlw, ;do / ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx? qmlds ¿kdf /flvPsf 5g\ .

o; lgb]{lzsfdf ;xhstf{n] 5nkmnnfO{ lgwf{l/t p2]Zo cg'¿k k|efjsf/L 9+un] ;~rfngug{, ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] dg;fon] ljleGg syf tyf k|;Ë / d'Vo ;Gb]zx?nfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf]5 . ;fy} lgb]{lzsfsf] cGtdf k|To]s lbgsf] 5nkmnsf nflu cfjZos ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx?nfO{klg ;+nUg ul/Psf] 5 . o; tflnd kZrft ;do ;dodf ul/g] ;ldIff uf]i7Lx?sf nflucfjZos ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx? klg o;} lgb}{lzsfsf] ;Gbe{ ;fdu|L v08df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

@= tflnd ;~rfng k|lqmof M

of] tflnd bIftfd"ns / jo:s l;sfOsf l;4fGtsf cfwf/df ;~rfng x'g]5 . of] tflnddf;xefuLx¿sf] ;lqmo ;+nUgtf u/fpg] k|lqmofx¿ ckgfOg] 5g\ h;n] ubf{ 1fg / ;Lkdf ;a};xefuLx¿ bIf x'g]5g\ . ;xhstf{n] cEof;åf/f ;Lk k|fKt ug]{ cj;/ klg k|bfg ul/g]5 .;xhstf{n] cEof;sf nflu lgb]{zg k|i6 ¿kdf eGg'sf ;fy} cEof; eO/xFbf cjnf]sg / ;3fpk'¥ofpg] 5g\ / ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ cj:yfdf t'¿Gt ;'wf/ u/fpg] 5g\ . ;xefuLx¿sf] ;lqmo;xeflutfsf nflu plgx?n] o;eGbf cl3 k|fKt u/]sf tflnd / pgLx¿sf] k"j{ cg'ejx¿nfO{dGyg u/L k"j{ 1fg, ;Lk / cg'ejnfO{ sb/ u/L l;sfO k|lqmofnfO{ ;hLjtf lbg k|oTg ul/g]5 . tflnddf cfjZos ;|f]t, ;fwgsf] Joj:yf u/L k|efjsf/L 9+udf k|of]u ul/g]5 .

#= tflnd Kofs]hsf efux¿M

o; tflnd Kofs]hdf lgDg efux¿ x'g]5g\M

;xefuL k'l:tsfMof] k'l:tsf ;xefuLn] tflnddf l;s]sf s'/fx?nfO{ :d/0f ug{, rflxPsf] ;dodf x]g{ tyfsfo{:yfgdf sfo{;Dkfbgsf] ;dodf k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] cflwsfl/s ;fdu|L xf] .

k|lzIfs÷;xhstf{ lgb]{lzsfMMMMM of] ;xhstf{n] ;q ;~rfng ubf{ k|of]u ug{] lgb]{lzsf xf] .o;df kf7\oqmd 9fFrf, tflnd b}lgs tflnsf, k|To]s ;qsf p2]Zox¿, ;q ;~rfng ug]{k|lqmof / ;Gbe{ ;fdu|L cflb /x]sf x'G5g\ . ;xhstf{n] oxL lgb]{lzsfnfO{ cg';/0f u/Ltf]lsPsf] ;dodf lgwf{/Lt k|lqmof ckgfO{ l;sfO p2]Zo xfFl;n ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

b[Zo ;fdu|Lx¿ Mo; cGt{ut tflnddf l;sfOnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg ;xhstf{n] k|of]udf Nofpg];fdu|Lx¿ kb{5g\ h:t}M 6«fG;kf/]G;L, ˆn]S;lk|G6, lrqx? cflb .

d"NofÍg M tflndsf ;xefuLx¿n] lgwf{/Lt p2]Zocg';f/ 1fg, ;Lk / wf/0ff slt xfFl;n u/]egL dfkg ug]{ sfo{ g} tflnd d"NofÍg xf] . k|To]s ;qsf] cGtdf k|Zg pQ/ k|lqmofåf/f;xefuLn] l;s]sf 1fg / l;ksf] d"NofÍg ul/g]5 . ;fy} tflndsf] cGtdf klg ;du| tflndcjlw e/df l;s]sf s'/fx?sf] k|ZgfjnLsf] d2t åf/f d"NofÍg ul/g]5 .

s #


$= tflnd kf7\oqmd M

of] tLg lbg] kf7\oqmd :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf nflu:jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL 1fg, ;Lk / wf/0ff clej[l4df s]lGb|t /xg]5 . o;df lgDgljifoj:t'x? ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ M

� x:tfGt/0f k|lqmof� :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg ;'b[9Ls/0f sfo{qmdsf] cfjZostf� :j:y hLjg M æxfd|f] :jf:Yo xfd|f] lhDd]jf/LÆ� :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 pknAw x'g] ;]jfx?� :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg� :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;+/rgf� :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] e"ldsf tyf lhDd]jf/L� a}7s ;~rfng k|lqmof� :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] :jd"NofÍg� :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfj]zLs/0f� :jf:Yo ;+:yf / ;ldltsf] tLg jif]{ kl/sNkgf� ;ldlt / :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] sfo{of]hgf

$=!= kf7\oqmdsf] nIo M

o; kf7\oqmdsf] d'Vo nIo :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf;b:ox?nfO{ :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL 1fg / ;Lk k|bfg u/L pQm :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf]Joj:yfkg ;'b[9 u/L u'0f:t/ o'Qm :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ /x]sf] 5 .

$=@= l;sfOsf p2]Zox¿ M

o; tflndsf] cGTo;Dddf ;xefuLx¿ lgDg sfo{x¿ ug{ ;Ifd x'g]5g\M� x:tfGt/0f k|lqmof af/] 1fg xfFl;n ug{ .

� :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg tyf ;f] Joj:yfkg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L af/] a'em\g .

� Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ e'ldsfsf] af/]df eGg ;Sg]x'g .

� :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] k|sf/ tyf pknAw ;]jfx?af/] 1fg xfFl;n ug{ .

� Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] cfk"mn] ul//x]sf sfo{x?sf] cj:yfaf/] cfkm} ;dLIff ug{

;Sg]x'g .

� Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] a}7s k|efjsf/L tl/sfn] ;~rfng ug{ ;Lk l;Sg .

� :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] cjwf/0ff, dxTj / k|lqmofaf/] 1fg xfFl;n ug{ .

s $


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

� :jf:Yo ;F:yf tyf ;ldltsf] kl/sNkgf af/] 1fg / ;Lk k|fKt u/L ;ldlt /

:jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] tLg jif]{ kl/sNkgf tof/ ug{ ;Sg]x'g .

� :jf:Yo ;+:yf tyf ;ldltsf] sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ug]{ 1fg tyf ;Lk xfFl;n u/L

sfo{of]hgf agfpg .

%= l;sfO ljlwx¿ M

� cGt/lqmofTds k|:t'tLs/0f

� ;d"x 5nkmn

� JolQmut tyf ;d"x sfo{

� v]n

� 36gf cWoog

^= l;sfOsf ;fdu|Lx¿ M lgDg ;fdu|Lx¿ tflnddf k|of]u x'g] u/L tof/ ul/Psf] 5 M

� ;Gbe{ ;fdu|L� k|rlnt cfly{s P]g, lgodfjnLx¿� ;xefuL k'l:tsf

&= ;xefuL 5gf}6 k|lqmof M

o; tflndsf nflu ;xefuLx¿ lgDgfg';f/ x'g] 5g\ M� :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox? ;xefuL x'g]5g\ .

*= d"NofÍg ljlw M

� k|ZgfjnL k|of]u u/L tflnd sfo{qmdsf] d"NofÍg ul/g] 5 .

(= tflnd cjlw M

� tLg lbgsf] cjlwdf hDdf !% j6f ;qx¿ x'g]5g\ .

!)= tflnddf ;xefUfL tyf ;xhstf{x¿ M;xefuL M (–!# hgf k|lt ;d"x -pk:jf:Yo rf}sL / :jf:Yo rf}sL txdf ( hgf ;Dd /

k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|df !# hgf ;Dd_

;xhstf{ M @ hgf k|lt ;d"x

;|f]t JolQm M ! hgf k|lt ;d"x

;xof]uL M ! hgf k|lt ;d"x

s %


klxn

f lbg

bf;|f lbg

t;|f lbg

;do

ldg]6

df

lqmofs

nfk

;do

ldg]6

df

lqmofs

nfk

;do

ldg]6

df

lqmofs

nfk

!)

gfd

btf{

!%

;q

5M k

lxnf] lbgs

f] k'g

/fjn

f]sg

!%

;q

7M b

f];|f] lbgs

f] k'g

/fjn

f]sg

$%

;q

s Mkl/rof

Tds lqmof

snfk

^)

;q

hM :

yfgL

o :j

f:Yo

;+:y

f ;~r

fng

tyf Jo

j:yf

kg ;

ldlt

sf] ;+/r

gf

^)

;q

8M :

jf:Yo

;]jfdf

;df

j]zLs

/0f

!%

lrof

!%

lr

of

!%

lrof

$%

;q

v M x

:tfGt

/0f k|lqmof

()

;q

emM:

yfgL

o :j

f:Yo

:f+:yf

;~r

fng

tyf Jo

j:yf

kg ;

ldlt

sf] e"ld

sf ty

f lh

Dd]jf/L

^)

;q

9M :

jf:Yo

;+:y

f /

;ld

ltsf]

kl/s

Nkgf

$%

;q

uM :

jf:Yo

;+:y

f Jo

j:yf

kg

;'b[9

Ls/0

f sfo

{qmds

f] cfjZo

stf

#)

vfh

f #)

vfh

f

#)

Vffh

f

^)

;q

`M a

}7s ;

~rfn

g k|lqmof

()

;q

0fM

:jf:Yo

;+:y

f /

;ld

ltsf]]

sfo

{of]hgf

$%

;q

3M :

j:y

hLj

g M æ

xfd|f

] :jf:Yo

xfd|f] lh

Dd]jf/LÆ

!%

lrof

#)

;q

t M

d"Nof

Íg

^)

;q

ª M :

jf:Yo

;+:y

faf6 p

knAw

x'g]

;]jf

x?

()

;q

6M :

yfgL

o :j

f:Yo

:f+:yf

;~r

fng

tyf Jo

j:yf

kg ;

ldlt

n] u

/]sf

sfo

{x?sf] :j

d"Nof

Íg

#)

;q

y M

tfln

dsf] ;f/;+If]k

!%

lrof

!%

bf];|f] lbgs

f] ;df

kg t

yf d

"NofÍg

!%

tfln

dsf] ;df

kg

^)

;q

r M :

jf:Yo

;+:y

f Jo

j:yf

kg

!%

;xh

stf

{sf] b}lgs

k'g/

fjnf]s

g a}7

s

!%

;xh

stf

{sf] b}lgs

k'g/

fjnf]s

g a}7

s

!%

Kflxn

f] lbgs

f] ;df

kg t

yf d

"NofÍg

!%

;xh

stf

{sf] b}lgs

k'g/

fjnf]s

g a}7

s

^ 306

f

$) ldg]6

^ 306

f $%

ldg]6

^

306

f

klxn

f] lbg

bf];|f] lbg

t];|f] lbg

b}lg

s s

fo{ t

flns

f

s ^


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

tfln

d ;

+rfn

g e

Psf] s]Gb

|sf] gfd

M=======================================================

lhNn

fM ====================uf=lj=;

=======================

t

flnd ;

+rfn

g e

Psf] ld

ltM ===

======

======

======

======

b]lv

======

======

======

======

======

=;Dd

;d"x

g+M

xflh

/L b

:tvt

l;=g+=

;xe

fuLs

f] gfd

Kb

;ldltsf] gfd

Df÷k'

klxn

f] lbg

bf];|f] lbg

t];|f] lbg

!

@

#

$

%

^

&

*

(

!)

!!

!@

!#

!$

!%

!^

!&

!*

;x

efu

L x

flh/L

gd

'gf

kmf

/d

s &


tfln

d k

f7\o

qmd

sf]

;f/

;+If

]k

;q

p2]Z

o;do

ljifo

j:t'

tfln

d ljlw

;fd

u|Lx¿

d"No

fÍg

ldg]6

s *

k|Zg–pQ/

k|Zg–pQ/


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

;q

p2]Z

o;do

ljifo

j:t'

tfln

d ljlw

;fd

u|Lx¿

d"No

fÍg

ldg]6

s (

k|Zg–pQ/

k|Zg–pQ/


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

;q

p2]Z

o;do

ljifo

j:t'

tfln

d ljlw

;fd

u|Lx¿

d"No

fÍg

ldg]6

s !!

1


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

-v08M !_

k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

3


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

kl/rofTds lqmofsnfk

kf7sf] p2]Zo M

o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n ] ] ]] ] Ps cfk;df kl/lrt eO{ tflndsf] ck]Iff tof/ ug]{, tflndsf]p2]Zo tyf tflnd Joj:yfkg af/] hfgsf/L xfFl;n u/L atfpg ;Sg]5g\\ .

j:t'ut p2]Zox? M

o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] lgDg s'/f ug{ ;Ifd x'g]5g\\ M� tflnd sIfleq /x]sf ;xefuLx?sf] gfd yfxf kfpg .� Ps cfk;df kl/lrt x'g .� ;d"xut sfo{sf] dxTj atfpg .� tflnd ;~rfngsf nflu ul/Psf] Joj:yfkg kIf af/] atfpg .� tflnd ;~rfngsf nflu ;fd"lxs dfGotf tof/ ug{ .

;do$% ldg]6

;fdu|LGo'hlk|G6, 6]k, dfs{/, Knfli6ssf] 8f]/L, kmfOn, sfo{qmd Jofg/ ˆn]S;–-s_

ljlwldqtfsf] 8f]/L v]n, 5nkmn, k|:t'tLs/0f, dGtJo

s= ;xefuLx?sf] kl/rofTds af]8{ -%ldg]6_

lqmofsnfk� leq sf] sf] x'g'x'G5 n]v]sf] Go'hlk|G6 klxn] g} tof/ ug'{xf];\\ .� Go'hlk|G6df ljleGg cfsf/ k|sf/sf /+u / :j¿k ePsf] d]6fsf8{sf 6'qmfx? ldnfP/

cfsif{s ¿kdf 6fF; ug'{xf];\\ .� tof/L Go'hlk|G6nfO{ tflnd sIfaflx/ ;a}n] b]Vg] :yfgdf 6fF:g'xf];\\ .� k|To]s ;xefuLnfO{ cf–cfk\mgf] gfd cfkm"nfO{ dg k/]sf] d]6fsf8{sf] 6'qmfleq n]Vg

nufpg'xf];\\ .� o;/L tof/ ePsf] kl/rofTds af]8{ ;a}n] b]Vg] :yfgdf tflnd cjlwe/ /xg] Joj:yf

ug{'xf];\\ .

;q-s_

4


v=cf;g u|x0f -%ldg]6_

lqmofsnfk� cf;g u|x0f ug]{ :Yffgdf a;fOsf] plrt Joj:yf ldnfpg'xf];\\ .� oyf:yfgdf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] cWoIfnfO{ klxnf] lbgsf] cWoIftfsf] cf;gu|x0f

u/fpg'xf];\\ .� olb cWoIf cg'l:klyt ePdf ;b:osf] Ho]i7tfsf] cfwf/df cWoIftf u/fpg'xf];\\ .� cGo ;a}nfO{ oyf:yfgdf cf;gu|x0f u/fpg'xf];\\ .� cWoIfsf] ;xdltaf6 sfo{qmd cufl8 a9fpg'xf];\\ .

u= ;xefuLx?sf] kl/ro -!% ldg]6_

lqmofsnfk� kl/ro lb+bf ckgfpg'[ kg{]s'/fx? Go'hlk|G6af6 k9]/ ;'gfpg'xf];\ .� To; kl5 cufl8 /x]sf] s'g} Ps ;xefuLnfO{ 8f]/Lsf] uf]nf lbFb} cfk\mgf] kl/ro

lbg'xf];\\ / To;/L g} cGo ;xefuLx?nfO{ kl/ro ug{ nufpg'xf];\\ .� ;xefuLx?nfO{ klg cfk\mgf] gfd, kb tyf uPsf] ^ dxLgfsf] a}7sdf cfkm}n] /fv]sf]

k|:tfj jf s'/fePdf dfq s'g}Pp6f eGgnufpg'xf];\\ .

� ;a}nfO{ qmlds¿kdf cf–cfk\mgf]kfnf] g;lspGh]nof] k|lqmof cg';f/kl/ro lbgnufpg'xf];\\ .

� clGtd ;xefuLaf68f]/Lsf] 6'Kkf dfuL cfk\mgf] cf}nfdf a]g{'xf];\\ .

� ;xefuLx?;Fu ;a}hgf Pp6} hfnf]df h]lnPsf] eGg] s'/fsf] ;xdlt lng lgDg k|Zgug{'xf];\\ .

< < < < < kl/ro ug{] sfd ;lsFbf ;Dd s] ePsf] h:tf] nfUof] < elg ;xeflux?nfO{ ;f]Wg'xf];\ .� ;xefuLaf6 cfPsf] ;+hfn jf dfs'/L hfnf] eGg] egfO;Fu ;xdt x'Fb} ;a}nfO{ 8f]/L tgSs

tGsfpg nufpg'xf];\\ .� tgSs tGs]sf] hfnf]df Pp6f kmfOn dflyaf6 /fVg'xf];\\ - kmfOn hfnf]df cl8g]5 _� ;xefuLnfO{ k|;Fu ldnfpFb} lsg kmfOn hfnf]df cl8Psf] xf]nf < elg ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

;q – s

5


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

‘‘

� ;a}hgfn] 8f]/L /fd|f];Fu tGsfO{ /fv]sf] x'gfn] hfnf] alnof] eO{ lstfa jf kmfOn cl8Psf]xf] eGg] ;xefuLx?sf] egfO;Fu ;xdt x'Fb} ;xefuLx?nfO{ lgDg sfo{ klg ug{ nufpg'xf];\\ .

� ;xefuLx? dWo] s'g} Ps jf b'O{hgfnfO{ 8f]/L vs'nf] ug{ jf 5fl8lbg eGg'xf];\\ -v's'nf]ug{;fy kmfOn tn emg{]5 _ o;/L kmfOn em/]sf] sf/0f yfxf kfpg lgDg k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\\ .

< < < < < kmfOn lsg em¥of] t <� xfdL dWo] Ps b'O{hgfn] 8f]/L v's'nf] ugf{n] cyjf 5fl8lbgfn] xf] eGg] ;xefuLs]f

egfO;Fu ;xdt x'Fb} k'gM lgDg k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\\ .

< < < < < of] v]nn] s] ;Gb]z lbg vf]h]sf] h:tf] nfU5 <� ;xefuLx?sf] s'/fnfO{ ;d]6\b} Psb'O{hgf ;b:ox? dfq lgl:qmo eOlb+bf klg h;/L

kmfOn em¥of] To;/L g} ;ldlt klg sdhf]/ x'G5 / ck]Iff u/] cg'¿k glthf k|fKt x'g;Sb}g / :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] /fd|f] Joj:Yffkg ug{ ;lsFb}g eGg] s'/f k|i6 kfg'{xf];\\ .

� d'Vo ;Gb]z k]ml/ Psk6s d]6fsf8{af6 atfpg'xf];\\ .� cGtdf ;lqmo ;xeflutfsf nflu ;a}nfO{ wGojfb lbFb} kl/ro ;qsf] cGt ug'{xf];\\ .

d'Vo ;Gb]z� ;Ful7t eP/ sfd u/]dfq nIo xfFl;n ug{ ;lsG5 .� Gfla;f}{+ ;ldltsf ;a} ;b:ox?sf] ;dfg ;xeflutfsf] plQs} dxTj x'G5 .

d"NofÍg� of] v]nsf] gfd s] xf]nf <� hfnf] dfly /fv]sf] kmfOn lsg em/]sf] xf]nf <� of] v]naf6 s] ;Gb]z lbg vf]lhPsf] xf]nf <� of] v]naf6 gofF s'/f s] l;Sg'' eof] t <

3= :jfut tyf tflndsf] Joj:yfkg -%ldg]6_

lqmofsnfk� :jf:Yo ;+:yf k|d'vnfO{ sfo{qmd z'? x'g'eGbf cl3 s] s] eGg] xf] ;f] s'/fsf ]af/]df ;Gbe{

;fdu|Lsf] kfgf g+= &@ df pNn]v ul/P cg';f/ eGgsf nflu hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\\ .� :jf:Yo ;+:yf k|d'vaf6 sfo{qmdsf] :jfut dGtJo lbg nufpg'xf];\\ .� :jfut dGtJosf nflu sfo{qmdsf] Jofg/ ˆn]S;–-s_ klg k|of]u ug{ nufpg'xf];\\ .

;q – s

6


� sfo{qmddf ;xefuLx?sf nflu Joj:yf ul/Psf kIf -ofqf vr{, vfhf, :6]zg/L, ;xefuLk'l:tsf cflb_ af/] hfgsf/L lbg nufpg'xf];\\ .

� ;a}nfO{ :jfut u/L cGo hfgsf/L u/fO lbPsf]df :jf:Yo ;+:yf k|d'vnfO{ wGojfb lbFb};q cufl8 a9fpg'xf];\\ .

ª= tflnddf kfngf ug'{kg]{ gLlt lgodx? -%ldg]6_

lqmofsnfk� ;xefuLx?sf] ;xof]udf tLg lbgsf] cjlwdf xfdL cfKfm}n] kfngf ug'{kg]{ ;fd"lxs

dfGotf agfpg nfu]sf] s'/f hfgsf/L u/fpg'xf];\ .� ;xefuLx?nfO{ tLg lbg;Dd ;~rfng x'g] tflnd ;xh 9+uaf6 rnfpgnfO{ s] s] s'/f

eP eg] /fd|f] ;Fu rNg ;S5 eGg] s'/f ;f]Wg'xf];\\ .� ;fd"lxs dfGotfdf s] s] x'g'k5{ eGg] s'/f ;xefuLx?n] ga'‰g klg ;S5g\\ . To;sf/0f

Pp6f pbfx/0f lbP/ a'emfpg'xf];\\ . h:t} M tflnd xn leq w"d|kfg gug]{ eGg] s'/f;a}nfO{ dfGo 5 ls 5}g ;f]Wg'xf];\\ . ;DefJo pQ/ dfGo x'g ;S5 . To;}ul/ a'Fbfut¿kdf lgodx? tof/ ug'{xf];\\ .

� ;xefuLaf6 cfPsf lgodx? ;a}nfO{ dfGo 5g\\ ls 5}gg\ ;f]Wg'xf];\\ . cfwfeGbf a9LnfO{dfGo 5g\\ eg] dfq Go'hlk|G6df l6kf]6 ug'{xf];\\ .

� Go'hlk|G6df Tfof/ ePsf lgodx? ;a}n] b]Vg] :yfgdf 6fF; ug'{xf];\\ .

;xefuLx?sf ck]Iff ;+sng -!)ldg]6_

lqmofsnfk� ;xefuLx?sf] ck]Iff ;+sng ug{ nfu]sf] s'/f af/] hfgsf/L u/fpFg'xf];\\ .� ;xefuLnfO{ z'? x'g uO{/x]sf] tLg lbgsf] tflndaf6 s] ljifodf 5nkmn eP x'GYof] h:tf]

nfU5 < egL ;f]Wg'xf];\\ .� ;xefuLx?nfO{ kfn}kfnf] ;f]wL jxfFx?af6 cfPsf s'/fx? Go'hlk|G6df l6kf]6 ug'{xf];\\ .� ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf ck]Iffx?nfO{ Go'hlk|G6df v08 v08 agfO{ ldnfP/ n]Vg'xf];\\ .� ;a}sf ck]Iff ;+sng ePkl5 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ k|:t'lt ug'{xf];\ / tLg lbgsf] cjlwdf

s'g s'g ljifoj:t' ;d]l6G5g\ tyf s'g s'g ;d]l6Fb}gg\ k|i6 kfg'{xf];\ .� ck]Iff ;+sngdf ;lqmo ;xeflutf hgfpg'ePsf]df ;a}nfO{ wGojfb lbg'xf];\ .� tof/ ePsf] ck]IffnfO{ ;a}n] b]Vg] :yfgdf tLg lbgsf] cjlwe/ 6fF; ug{'xf];\ .� k|To]s ;qx? 5Nfkmn ePkl5 ;xefuLsf ck]Iffaf6 s'g s'g s'/f ;d]l6P ltgsf]

hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ .� Tlfg lbgsf ljifoj:t' 5nkmn eO{ ;s]kl5 clGtd lbgdf ;xefuLx?n] /fVg'ePsf

ck]Iffx? s]] slt ;d]l6P ltgsf] klg hfgsf/L u/fpg'xf];\ .

;q – s

7


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

;q-v_x:tfGt/0f k|lqmof

kf7sf] p2]Zo M

o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n ] ] ] ] ] x:tfGt/0f k|lqmofsf af/] hfgsf/L xfFl;n u/L atfpg;Sg]5g\\ .

j:t'ut p2]Zox? M

o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] lgDg s'/f ug{ ;Ifd x'g]5g\ M� x:tfGt/0f k|lqmof af/] atfpg .� x:tfGt/0fsf] dxTjaf/] hfgsf/L xfFl;n ug{ .� x:tfGt/0f kl5sf] cj:yfsf af/]df hfgsf/L k|fKt u/L :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkgsf] sfd,

st{Jo / lhDd]jf/L af/]df atfpg .

;do$% ldg]6

ljlw5nkmn, k|:t'tLs/0f

;fdu|LGo'hlk|G6, 6]k, Dffs{/, x:tfgt/0f lsg ˆn]S;–-v_

lqmofsnfk� cl3Nnf] ;qdf ;xefuLx?sf ck]Iff ;+sng ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fpFb} casf] ;qdf

x:tfGt/0f k|lqmofjf/] 5nkmn ug{ nfu]sf] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'xf];\ .� ;xefuLx?sf] ;femf a'emfO{ agfpgsf nflu x:tfGt/0f eg]sf] s] xf] egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ .� ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} x:tfGt/0f af/] ;+lIfKt hfgsf/L ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Ldf

pNn]v eP adf]lhd Go'hlk|G6df tof/ u/L atfpg'xf];\\ .

;fdfGo cy{df x:tfGt/0f eGgfn] dflyNnf] lgsfon] cfkm"df cGt{lglxt sfd, lhDd]jf/L,clVtof/, ;fwg;|f]t tyf ;"rgf cflb clVtof/ k|fKt ;DjlGwt JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ lglZrt;do cjlwsf nflu lbg] eGg] a'lemG5 .

� ;xefuLx?nfO{ x:tfGt/0f eg]sf] s] xf] eGg] s'/f yfxf ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fpFb} of]:jf:Yo ;+:yf uf=lj=;=df slxn] x:tfGt/0f eof] xf]nf < egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

8


� ;xefuLsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\g'xf];\ / xfn;Dd slt lhNnfsf slt :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?:yfgLo lgsfodf x:tfGt/0f e};s] hfgsf/L u/fpg'xf];\ .

� k|;Fu ldnfpFb} o;/L :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? :yfgLo lgsfodf lsg x:tfGt/0f ul/Psfxf]nfg\ < egL k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\ . ;f]Rgsf nflu Ps ldg6sf] ;do lbg'xf];\ / ;xefuLx?af6cfPsf s'/fx? l6kf]6 ug'{xf];\ .

� ;xefuLsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} x:tfGt/0f ug{sf sf/0fx? ̂ n]S;–-v_ k|of]u u/L Aftfpg'xf];\\ .

� :yfgLo :t/sf ;d:ofx? :yfgLo :t/af6 g} klxrfg u/L ;dfwfg vf]Hg .

� klxrfg ul/Psf ;d:ofx?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f ug{ ;Sg] agfpg .

� :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ;'zf;gsf] ;'lglZrttf sfod u/L hgtfnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo;]jf k'¥ofpg .

� :yfgLo :t/df pknAw ;fwg / ;|f]tsf] clwstd kl/rfng u/fpg .

� hg;xefuLtf h'6fpg .

� :jf:Yo ;+:yf xfd|f] xf] eGg] efjgf :yfgLo hgtfdf ljsf; u/fpg .

� ;xefuLx?nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug{sf sf/0fx? Yffxf ePsf] k|;Fu hf]8\b} x:tfGt/0f s;/Lul/of] xf]nf < egL k'gM ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

� ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf s'/fx? ;d]6\b} x:tfGt/0f k|lqmof ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Ldf kfgf g+= ^(cg';f/ Go'hlk|G6df tof/ u/L hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ .

� ;xefuLx?nfO{ x:tfGt/0f k|lqmof af/] yfxf e};s]sf] hfgsf/L lbFb} k'gM x:tfGt/0f kl5ul/Psf] ck]Iff s] lyof] < egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

� ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} x:tfGt/0f kl5 ul/Psf] ck]Iffaf/] lj:t[t¿kdf ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf] kfgf g+ &) df pNn]v eP cg'¿k Go'hlk|G6df tof/ ul/Pcg'¿k atfpg'xf];\ .

� k'gM ;xefuLx?nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ePsf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?df ;ldltsf] xfnsf]] cj:yf s]s:tf] 5 < egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ / ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ Go'hlk|G6df l6kf]6 ug'{xf];\

� ;xefuLx?sf egfOx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf] kfgf g+= &! df eP cg'¿k xfnsf]cj:yf k|i6 kfg'{xf];\ .

� ca, xfnsf] cj:yf yfxf kfO;s]kl5 tL ;ldltx?nfO{ s] ug'{knf{ < egL ;xefuLx?nfO{;f]Wg'xf];\ .

� ;xefuLx?af6 Ifdtf clej[l¢ ug'{kb{5 eGg] egfO cfPdf ;xdlt hgfpFb} ca cfpg];qdf ;ldltsf] Ifdtf clej[l¢ sfo{ s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] af/]df 5nkmn x'g] s'/fsf]hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ .

� ;qsf] d'Vo ;Gb]z d]6fsf8{ jf Go'hlk|G6 k|of]u u/L atfpg'xf];\ / ;q ;dfkg ug'{xf];\ .

;q – v

9


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

‘‘d'Vo ;Gb]z

� :yfgLo cfjZostf tyf rfxgf cg'¿ksf] u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] kx'Fr;d'bfodf a9fpg :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? :yfgLo lgsfodf x:tfGt/0f ul/Psfx'g\ .

� x:tfGt/0f ePsf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?sf] Joj:yfkg ug'{ :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfngtyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] k|d'v bfloTj xf] .

� xfn;Dd @* lhNnfsf s'n !$## :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? :yfgLo lgsfodfx:tfGt/0f eO ;s]sf 5g\\\ .

d"NofÍg

� x:tfGt/0f eg]sf] s] xf] <

� :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;d'bfodf lsg x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] xf]nf <

� x:tfGt/0f kl5 :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] /]vb]v s;n] ug]{ t <

� xfn slt lhNnfsf slt :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? :yfgLo lgsfodf x:tfGt/0fePsf 5g\ <

;q – v

11


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

;q-u_

:jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg ;'b[9Ls/0fsfo{qmdsf] cfjZostf

kf7sf] p2]Zo� o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg ;'b[9Ls/0f sfo{qmdsf]

cfjZostf af/] hfgsf/L k|fKt u/L atfpg ;Sg]5g\\ .

j:t'ut p2]Zox?

o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] lgDg s'/f ug{ ;Ifd x'g]5g\ M� :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg ;'b[9Ls/0f sfo{qmd af/] hfgsf/L k|fKt u/L atfpg .� sfo{qmdsf] cfjZostf dx;'; u/L o;sf] dxTjaf/] atfpg .

;do$% ldg]6

ljlw5nkmn, k|:t'tLs/0f

;fdu|LGo'hlk|G6, 6]k, Dffs{/, d]6fsf8{, x:tfGt/0f k|lqmof kl5 Joj:yfkg ;ldltx?sf xfnsf] cj:yfplNnlvt Go'hlk|G6, :Jff:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg ;'b[9Ls/0f sfo{qmdsf] cjwf/0ffut 9fFrf ̂ n]S;–-u !_, sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog vfsf ˆn]S;–-u @_, :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg ;'b[9Ls/0f sfo{qmdlsg ˆn]S;–-u #_

lqmofsnfk� cl3Nnf] ;qdf x:tfGt/0f k|lqmof / To; kl5 ;ldltsf] cj:yfsf jf/]df 5nkmn

eO;s]sf] :d/0f u/fpg'xf];\ . pQm ;qdf 5nkmn ul/Psf] xfnsf] cj:yf s:tf] /x]]5plNnlvt Go'hlk|G6 k'gM 6fF; u/L cGo ;ldltx?sf] cj:yf t yfxf kfpg'eof] caoxfFx?sf] cj:yf s:tf] xf]nf < egL ;xefuLx?nfO{ ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

� ;xefuLx?sf egfOx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} oxfFsf] ;ldltsf] cj:yf klg cGo ;ldltx?;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] ePsf] s'/f k|i6 kfg{'xf];\\ / ca s] ug]{ xf]nf< egL k'gM ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

� ;xefuLx?sf] ;'wf/ ug'{k5{ eGg] egfO;Fu ;xdt eO{ s;/L ;'wf/ ug{ ;lsG5 xf]nf <egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

� ;xefuLx?sf] tflnd, uf]i7L cflb u/]/ eGg] egfO;Fu ;xdt x'Fb} dfly b]lvPsf ;ldltx?sf]cj:yfnfO{ ;'wf/ ug{] p2]Zon] /fli6«o :jf:Yo tflnd s]Gb|sf] g]t[Tjdf g]kfn kl/jf/:Jff:Yo sfo{qmd nufot cGo ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg;'b[9Ls/0f sfo{qmd to ul/Psf] s'/f hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ .

12


� Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{ s;/L ;'b[9 ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lbg :jf:Yo ;+:yfJoj:yfkg ;'b[9Ls/0f sfo{qmdsf] cjwf/0ff 9fFrf ˆn]S;–-u !_ sf] k|of]u u/L :jf:Yo;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkgdf ;ldltsf] dxTj af/] atfpg'xf];\ .

� o;}u/L ;Dk"0f{ sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo, sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog vfsf–-u @_, / tLg lbgsf]tflndsf] p2]Zoaf/] atfpg'xf];\ .

� ;ldltnfO{ sfo{qmdsf] cfjZostfaf/] cem k|i6 kfg{ ˆn]S;– -u #_ sf] k|of]u u/LeGg'xf];\ .

� ;qsf] d'Vo ;Gb]z d]6fsf8{ / Go'hlk|G6df tof/ u/L atfpg'xf];\ .� :j:y hLjgjf/] cfpg] ;qdf 5nkmn x'g] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lbFb} ;q ;dfkg ug{'xf];\ .

‘‘d'Vo ;Gb]z

� ;ldltsf] xfnsf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ u/L sfo{ Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ cfjZosb]lvPsf] x'gfn] :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg ;'b[9Ls/0f sfo{qmd ug{ nfluPsf]xf] .

� of] sfo{qmd /fli6«o :jf:Yo tflnd s]Gb|sf] g]t[Tjdf g]kfn el/sf :jf:Yo;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] Joj:yfksLo sfo{ Ifdtf clej[l4ug]{ /0fgLlt cg'¿k ;~rfng eO/x]sf] 5 .

d"NofÍg

� of] :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:Yffkg ;'b[9Ls/0f sfo{qmdsf] cfjZostf lsgk/]sf] xf] <

� o; sfo{qmdn] lnPsf] k|d'v p2]Zo s] xf] <

;q – u

13


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

;q-3_

:j:y hLjg Mæxfd|f] :jf:Yo xfd|f] lhDd]jf/LÆ

kf7sf] p2]Zo M� o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] :j:Yf hLjg lhpg JolQm, kl/jf/ ;d'bfo / :jf:Yo

;+:yf ;a}sf] plQs} e"ldsf x'G5 eGg] s'/f atfpg ;Sg]5g\\ .

j:t'ut p2]Zox? M

o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] lgDg s'/f ug{ ;Ifd x'g]5g\ M� Dffgj hLjgdf :j:y x'g'sf] dxTj Pj+ kmfObfx?af/] eGg .� :j:y /xg ug{'kg{] sfo{x? eGg .� cfkm" Pj+ ;d'bfosf] :jf:Yosf] l:ylt ;'wf/ ug{ s–s;sf] e"ldsf s] s] x'g ;S5

eGg] s'/f atfpg .

;do$% ldg]6

ljlwlrq 5nkmn, dl:tis dGyg, k|:t'tLs/0f

;fdu|LGo'hlk|G6, 6]k, Dffs{/, d]6fsf8{, Smf]6]zg plNnlvt d]6fsf8{

;Gbe{ ;fdu|L:j:y hLjgsf] dxTj

lqmofsnfk� xfd|f] dfgj hLjgdf :j:y z/L/sf] dxTj w]/} 5 eGg] JofVof ug{sf nflu af]8{df Pp6f

:j:y Pj+ ;'vL b]lvg] JolQmsf] lrq b]vfpb} ;xefuLx?nfO{ lgDg k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\\ /pgLx?n] eg]sf d'Vo aF'bfx?nfO{ Go'hlk|G6df n]Vg'xf];\\ .

<<<<< o; lrqdf s:tf] JolQm b]Vg' eof] <

;xefuLaf6 cfPsf a'Fbfx?

==========================================================================================

cflb

:j:y / ;'vL JolQm

14


;q – 3

� To;}u/L af]8{df Pp6f la/fdL Pj+ b'vL b]lvg] JolQmsf] lrq b]vfpFb} lgDg k|Zgx?;f]Wg'xf];\\ / pgLx?n] eg]sf d'Vo a'Fbfx?nfO{ Go'hlk|G6df n]Vg'xf];\\ .

<<<<< o; lrqdf s:tf] JolQm b]Vg' eof] <

� :j:y JolQmsf] lrq af]8{df 6fF;L ;xefuLx?nfO{ tnsf k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\\ / pgLx?n] eg]sfa'Fbfx? lrqd'lg Go'hlk|G6df n]Vg'xf];\\ .

� o;/L dflg; :j:y Pj+ ;'vL ePdf s] s] kmfObfx? x'g;S5g\\ <

� ;xefuLx?n] eGg ;Sg] s]xL ;Defljt kmfObfx? o; k|sf/ 5g\\ M

� v]taf/Ldf sfd ug{ ;S5 .

� vfgf vfFbf kR5 .

� c?nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ;S5 .

� k};f sdfpg ;S5, OR5f ePsf] 7fpFdf hfg ;S5 .

� kl/jf/ / ;d'bfodf OHht ÷ ;Ddfg x'G5 cflb .

;xefuLaf6 cfPsf a'Fbfx?

==========================================================================================

cflb

kmfObfx?M

==========================================================================================

cflb

la/fdL Pj+ b'vL JolQm

15


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

� To;}u/L la/fdL Pj+ b'vL JolQmsf] lrq af]8{df 6fF;L ;xefuLx?nfO{ tnsf k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\\/ pgLx?n] eg]sf] a'Fbfx? lrqd'lg Go'hlk|G6df n]Vg'xf];\\ .

<<<<< o;/L dflg; la/fdL Pj+ b'MvL ePdf s] s] a]kmfObfx? x'g;S5g\\

� ;xefuLx?nfO{ :j:y x'Fbf ePsf kmfObfx? / la/fdL ePdf x'g] a]kmfObfx? k9]/ ;'gfpg'xf];\\ .To;kl5 tnsf egfOx? ;Fu k|;Ë hf]8\g'xf];\\ .

� Pp6f egfO g} 5 ls of] æ;+;f/df :j:y eP/ afFRg' h:tf] ;'v c? s]xL klg 5}gÆ .

� To:t} csf{] egfO 5 æ:jf:Yo g} wg xf]Æ .

� ca b'a} lrqx?nfO{ ;dfgfGt/ ¿kdf af]8{df 6fF;L ;xefuLx?nfO{ tnsf] k|Zg;f]Wg'xf];\\ M

<<<<< tkfO{ s:tf] hLjg ofkg ug{ rfxg' x'G5 < :j:y jf /f]uL <

� ;xefuLx? ;a}n] :j:y hLjg ofkg ug{sf nflu rfxgf JoQm ub}{ xft p7fpg] 5g\\ .oxfF :j:y eP/ afFRg kfpg' ;a}sf] clwsf/ xf] eGg] s'/fnfO{ hf]8 lbg tnsf s'/fx?eGg'xf];\\ .

:j:y hLjg afFRg kfpg' ;a}sf] hGdl;¢ clwsf/ xf] . ;a} hgtfnfO{ cTofjZos :jf:Yo;]jf k|bfg ug{' ;fdflhs Gofo xf] .

a]kmfObfx?M

==========================================================================================

cflb

;q – 3

16


;q – 3

� ca xft p7fPsf ;xefuLx?nfO{ tnsf] k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\\ M

<<<<< s] tkfO{n] :j:y x'g] eg]/ rfxgf ub}{df :j:y x'g ;Sg' x'G5 <� oxfF ;xhstf{n] JofVof ug{] ls dfgj hLjgdf rfxgf ug{' /fd|f] xf], t/ rfxgf ug{] lalQs}

;a} s'/f k|fKt x'b}gg\ . o;sf nflu sd{ ug{'kb{5 . tkfO{n] h:tf] sd{ ug{'x'G5 To:t} kmnk|fKt x'G5 . s]jn rfxgf u/]/ dfq kof{Kt x'b}g . o; qmddf tnsf] pbfx/0f lbg'xf];\\ .

s]xL ;xefuLx?nfO{ s] sfd ug{'x'G5 < egL ;f]Wg'xf];\\ . s'ifsnfO{ tkfO{ cfkm\gf] v]taf6 s]rfxg' x'G5 < egL ;f]Wg'xf];\\ . ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6L w]/} cGg pTkfbgug{sf nflu ;dodf v]taf/L vGg'kg{], /fd|f] aLp nufpg'kg{], uf]8d]n ug{'kg{], sL6gfzscf}iflw 5s{g'kg{], dnhn ug{'kg{] / oL ;a} ePkl5 dfq /fd|f] cGg pTkfbg x'G5 eGg] s'/fk|i6ofpg'xf];\\ .

� dfly k|:t't ul/Psf] s[ifssf] pbfx/0fnfO{ hf]8\b} xfdLn] rfx]sf] :j:y x'gsf] nflu s] s]ug{'kb{5 < egL k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\\ . ;xefuLx?n] eg]sf] s'/f 5f]6f] t/ :ki6 x'g] u/Ld]6fsf8{df n]Vb} 6fF:g'xf];\\ . Pp6f a'Fbf Pp6f d]6fsf8{df n]Vg' kb{5 . ;Defljt pQ/x?o;k|sf/ cfpg ;S5g\ M

b|i6Jo M o;/L pQ/x? n]Vbf ;s];Dd pkrf/fTds, k|j¢{gfTds, k|tLsf/fTds ;DaGwLa'FFbfx?nfO{ ;d]6\g k|of; ug{] .

� ca lhDd]jf/L s;sf] < eGg] af/] 5nkmn u/f}+ egL k|;Ë abNg'xf];\\ . o;sf nflu;xefuLx?nfO{ lgDg k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\\ M

<<<<< s] s] sfo{x? u/]df :j:y /xg ;lsG5 eGg] s'/f yfxf eof] t/ oL sfo{x? ug]{ k|d'vlhDd]jf/L s'g kIfsf] xf] < s;sf] xf] <

� ;xhstf{n] dfly :j:y x'gsf nflu ug'{kg]{ sfo{x? n]lvPsf d]6fsf8{x?nfO{ tnsf b'O{;d"xdf /fVg ;xefuLx?nfO{ cg'/f]w ug{'xf];\\ .

:jf:Yo ;+:yf

kf]lifnf] vfgf vfPdf vf]k k"/f nufPdf ;do ;dodf zf/Ll/s hfFr u/fPdf

df};d cg';f/sf] n'uf nufPdf lj/fdL xFbf t'?Gt} pkrf/ u/]dfJolQmut ;/;kmfO{ u/]df

JolQm÷kl/jf/÷;d'bfo

17


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

� ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf ;a} s'/f plNnlvt d]6fsf8{ 6fF;L ;s] kl5 :j:Yf hLjg ofkg ug{JolQm÷kl/jf/÷;d'bfon] ug{'kg{] s'/fx? k9]/ ;'gfpg'xf];\ .

� oxfF ;xhstf{n] JolQm JolQm ldn]/ kl/jf/ aGg] tyf kl/jf/ kl/jf/x? ldn]/ ;d'bfoaGg] cjwf/0ff klg eGg'xf];\\ .

� To:t} :jf:Yo ;+:yfn] lgjf{x ug{'kg{] s'/fx? klg k9]/ ;'gfpg'xf];\ .� o;/L d]6fsf8{x? 6fF; ubf{ kSs} klg JolQm kl/jf/ / ;d'bfosf] lhDd]jf/Ldf a9L

cfpg]5g\ / :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] e"ldsfdf sd cfpg]5g\ .� ;xefuLx?nfO{ dflysf] cEof;af6 s] a'‰g' eof] egL k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\\ / tnsf s'/fx?

eGb} k|i6 kfg'{xf];\ .

� JolQm :j:y /xg a9L e"ldsf JolQm÷kl/jf/÷;d'bfosf] x'G5 . To;}n] elgG5 æxfd|f]:jf:Yo xfd|f] lhDd]jf/LÆ

� JolQm :j:y /xg :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] klg lhDd]jf/L x'G5 .

� ;qsf] d'Vo ;Gb]z d]6fsf8{ / Go'hlk|G6df tof/ u/L atfpg'xf];\ .� cGtdf :jf:Yo ;+:yf tyf ;]jf af/] csf]{ ;qdf 5nkmn x'g] s'/f atfpFb} ;qsf] cGt

ug'{xf];\ .

‘‘d'Vo ;Gb]z

� :jf:Yo g} wg xf] .

� of] ;+;f/df :j:y eP/ afFRg' h:tf] ;'v c? s]xL 5}g .

� JolQm :j:y /xg :jo+ JolQmsf] a9L lhDd]jf/L x'G5 To;}n] eGg] ul/Psf] 5Æxfd|f] :jf:Yo xfd|f] lhDd]jf/L .Æ

d"NofÍg

� :j:y /xbf x'g] kmfObfx? S]m s] x'g\ <

� /f]uL jf la/fdL x'g uP x'g] a]kmfObfx? S]m s] x'g\ <

� lsg :jf:Yo g} wg xf] eg]sf] xf]nf <

� :j:y x'g a9L lhDd]jf/L s;sf] x'G5 <

;q – 3

19


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

;q-ª_:jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 pknAw x'g] ;]jfx?

kf7sf] p2]Zo M� o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 pknAw x'g] ;]jfx? af/] atfpg

;Sg]5g\ .

j:t'ut p2]Zox? M

o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] lgDg s'/f ug{ ;Ifd x'g]5g\ M� :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 pknAw x'g] ;]jfx?af/] atfpg .� ;d'bfo :t/sf :jf:Yo ;+:yf tyf ;]jfsf k|sf/af/] hfgsf/L xfFl;n u/L atfpg .

;do^) ldg]6

ljlwdl:tis dGyg, k|:t'tLs/0f

;fdu|LGo'hlk|G6, Dffs{/, 6]k, d]6fsf8{, :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 pknAw ;]jfx? ˆn]S;–-ª_

;Gbe{ ;fdu|L:jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 pknAw x'g] ;]jfx?

lqmofsnfk� ;xefuLx?nfO{ Pp6f ufpFsf] lrq b]vfpFb}, ufpFdf s] s] x'G5g\ < egL lgDg k|Zg

;f]Wg'xf];\ .

20


� -;xefuLx?af6 ljleGg s'/fx? cfpg ;S5g\ h:t} 3/, uf]7, ljBfno, kf6L kf}jf cflb_� ;xefuLx?af6 :jf:Yo ;+:yf geg'Gh]n ;f]Wb} hfg'xf];\ .� ;xefuLx?af6 :jf:Yo ;+:yf eGg] cfPdf jxfFx?sf] egfO;Fu ;xdt xF'b} pQm uf=lj=;=df

ePsf] :jf:Yo ;+:yf s'g k|sf/sf] xf] egL k'gM k|Zg ug'{xf];\ .� ;xefuLaf6 cfPsf s'/fnfO{ ;d]6\b} ;d'bfo :t/df x'g] :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?sf] k|sf/af/]

hfgsf/L ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf] kfgf g+= &^ df eP adf]lhd Go'hlk|G6df tof/L u/Latfpg'xf];\ .

� :jf:Yo ;+:yf cg';f/ s'g s'g ;]jf lbOG5 egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ / ;xefuLaf6 cfPsfs'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} :fd'bfo:t/sf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?af6 lbOg] ;]jfsf k|sf/x? k|j4{gfTds,k|tLsf/fTds / pkrf/fTds tLg k|sf/sf x'g] s'/f atfpg'xf];\ . ;fy} 5f]6s/Ldf tLg}k|sf/af/] pbfx/0f;lxt k|i6ofpg'xf];\\ .

pkrf/fTds

k|j4{gfTds

k|tLsf/fTds

� ca, ;xefuLx?nfO{ cfkm" ;b:o ePsf] :jf:Yo ;+:yfn] s] s] ;]jfx? lbG5 egL k'gM k|Zgug'{xf];\ .

� ;xefuLx?nfO{ kfn} kfnf] ;f]Wg'xf];\ / cfPsf s'/fx? l6kf]6 ub}{ hfg'xf];\ .� ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?af6 pknAw x'g] ;]jfx?

ˆn]S;–-ª_ k|of]u u/L] Aftfpg'xf];\ . ;fy} tL dWo] s'g–s'g ;]jfx? Kf|tLsf/fTds, k|j4{gfTds/ pkrf/fTds x'g\ ;f] af/] klg k|i6 kfg{'xf];\\ .

� o;/L :jf:Yo ;+:yfn] lbg] ;]jfsf af/]df yfxf ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fpFb} pknAw ;]jfx?:jf:Yo ;+:yfn] lbg], ;d'bfon] ;]jf lng] / oL b'a}sf] aLrdf rFfhf]kfFhf] jf tfnd]nldn]df dfq ;]jfsf] kx'Fr ;d'bfodf a9\g] s'/f eGb} tfnd]nsf af/]df csf]{ ;qdf5nkmn ul/g] s'/f atfpg'xf];\ .

� d'Vo ;Gb]z d]6fsf8{ jf Go'hlk|G6df tof/ u/L eGg'xf];\ / ;q cGt ug'{xf];\\ .

;q – ª

21


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

‘‘d'Vo ;Gb]z

� ;d'bfo :t/df tLg k|sf/sf -pk:Jff:Yo rf}sL, :jf:Yo rf}sL / k|fylds:jf:Yo s]Gb|_ :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? x'G5g\ .

� oL tLg} k|sf/sf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?df k|tLsf/fTds, k|j4{gfTds / pkrf/fTds;]jfx? pknAw x'G5g\ .

� ;]jf lbg] / ;]jf lng]sf] aLrdf tfnd]n ldn]df ;d'bfosf] :jf:Yo cj:yfdf;'wf/ x'g ;Sb5 .

d"NofÍg

� ;d'bfodf s'g s'g k|sf/sf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? x'G5g\ <

� tkfO{+ ;b:o x'g'ePsf] :jf:Yo ;+:yf s'g k|sf/sf] xf] <

� tkfO{+ ;b:o x'g'ePsf] :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 k|bfg x'g] s'g} % k|sf/sf ;]jfx?eGg'xf];\ .

;q – ª

23


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

:jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg

kf7sf] p2]Zo M� o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg af/] ;fdfGo hfgsf/L

xfFl;n u/L atfpg ;Sg]5g\ .

j:t'ut p2]Zo M

o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] lgDg s'/f ug{ ;Ifd x'g]5g\ M� :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkgaf/] atfpg .

;do^) ldg]6


;fdu|LGo'hlk|G6, Dffs{/, D]f6fsf8{, 6]k, tfnd]n ldnfpg'sf] cy{ plNnlvt Go'hlk|G6, ;d'bfon] :jf:Yo;+:yf Joj:yfkgdf ug{ ;Sg] ;xof]ux? plNnlvt Go'hlk|G6, dlxnfx?n] wfg /f]Kb} u/]sf @ j6flrqx?, :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 pknAw ;]jfx? ˆn]S; –-ª_

;Gbe{ ;fdu|L:jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg

lqmofsnfk� cl3Nnf] ;qdf ;d'bfo :t/sf :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf k|sf/ / ToxfFaf6 lbOg] ;]jfx? af/]

hfgsf/L ePsf] s'/f atfpg'xf];\ .� JolQm, ;d'bfo / :jf:Yo ;+:yf aLr pknAw ;]jfx? lng tyf lbg tfnd]n ldn]df dfq

;]jfsf] kx'Fr a9\g] s'/f klg yfxf eof] egL eGg'xf];\ .� ca tfnd]n ldn]df sfd /fd|f] x'g] x'Fbf of] tfnd]n eg]sf] s] /x]5 eGg] s'/fsf] 5nkmn

ug{] xf] ls < eGg] k|;Fu hf]8\b} lgDg k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\\ . ;fy} ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf s'/fx?Go'hlk|G6df aF'bfut ¿kdf l6k]f6 ug{'xf];\ .

tfnd]n ldnfpg' eg]sf] s] xf]nf<� ;xefuLx?nfO{ cem :ki6 ug{ dlxnfx?n] wfg /f]Kb} u/]sf @ j6f lrqx? qmlds ¿kdf

b]vfpFb} lgDg k|Zgx? ug'{xf];\\ .

;q-r_

24


;q – r

<<<<< lrqdf s] b]Vg'x'G5 <

<<<<< b'O{j6f lrqx?df s] leGgtf 5 <

<<<<< s'g lrqdf sfd /fd|f] ePsf] b]lvG5 <

<<<<< sfd /fd|f] ePsf] eGg] s'/f s;/L yfxf kfpg' eof] <

� ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ klg ;d]6\b} ;xhstf{n] tfnd]n ldnfpg] plNnlvtGo'hlk|G6 6fF:b} :ki6 ug'{xf];\\ .

lglZrt p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ pknAw JolQm jf j:t'nfO{ ;xL 7fpFdf, ;xL ;do, ;xL tl/sfaf6/ ;xL dfqfdf pkof]u u/L rfFhf]kfFhf] ldnfO{ sfd ug{' /u/fpg' g} tfnd]n ldnfpg' xf] .tfnd]n ldnfpg' eg]sf] g} Joj:yfkg xf] .

� ca :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkgaf/] 5nkmn ug{nfu]sf] s'/f atfpFb} :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] lrqb]vfO{ s] sf] lrq xf] < egL ;f]Wg'xf];\\ .

25


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

� k|;Fu ldnfpFb} ;xefuLx?sf] :Jff:Yo ;+:yf eGg] egfO;Fu ;xdt x'Fb} :jf:Yo ;+:yfn] s]u5{ < egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ / cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ l6kf]6 ug'{xf];\ .

� ;xefuLx?sf] :Jff:Yo ;+:yfn] ;]jf lbG5 eGg] egfO;Fu ;xdt x'Fb} ;]jf s;sf nfluxf] < egL k'gM ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

� ;xefuLx?sf] ;d'bfonfO{ eGg] egfO;Fu ;xdt x'Fb} ;d'bfon] ;]jf lng] dfq xf] ls:jf:Yo ;+:yfnfO{ ;xof]u klg ug'{ kb{5 xf]nf < egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

� ;xefuLx?sf] ;xof]u ug'{kb{5 eGg] egfO;Fu ;xdt x'Fb} s] s:tf ;xof]]ux? ug'{kb{5xf]nf < egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ . ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf s'/fx? a'Fbfut ¿kdf l6kf]6 ug'{xf];\ .

� ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf s'/fx? ;d]6\b} ;d'bfoaf6 :jf:Yo ;+:yfnfO{ ug{ ;Sg] ;xof]ux?Go'hlk|G6df tof/ u/L atfpg'xf];\ .

� k|;Fu ldnfpFb} ;xefuLnfO{ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] cfjZostf dx;"; u/fpg lgDg k|Zg;f]Wg'xf];\ .

<<<<< :jf:Yo ;+:yfn] lbg'kg{] ;]jf lbP glbPsf] s;n] x]g{] <

<<<<< To:t} ;d'bfon] ;]jf lnP glnPsf] tyf ;xof]u u/] gu/]sf] s;n] x]g{] <

<<<<< oL s'/fx? x]g{] Pp6f lgsfo x'g' k5{ ls kb{}g xf]nf <� ;xefuLx?sf] k5{ eGg] egfO{;Fu ;xdlt hgfpFb} s:tf] lgsfo < aflx/L ls :yfgLo

lgsfon] x]g{'kb{5 xf]nf egL ;xefuLnfO{ ;]fWg'xf];\ .� ;xefuLx?sf] :yfgLo lgsfon] x]g'{kb{5 eGg] egfO;Fu ;xdt x'Fb} To; lgsfosf]

k|fjwfgjf/] 5nkmn ug{ lgDg k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\.

<<<<< xfn o:tf] lgsfo 5 t <� ;xefuLx?n] 5 / Tof] lgsfo eg]sf] Joj:yfkg ;ldlt, xfdL g} xf}+ egL eGg]5g\\ -;f] s''/f

egfpg] cj:yfsf] ;[hgf ug{ ;xhstf{n] cfjZos pkfox? ckgfpg'xf];\_ .� ca k|;Fu ldnfpFb} ;xefuLx?nfO{ Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] sfd ug]{ ynf] sxfF xf] < egL k|Zg

;f]Wg'xf];\ .� ;xefuLx?sf] :jf:Yo ;+:yf eGg] egfO;Fu ;xdt x'Fb} Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{ :jf:Yo

;+:yfsf af/]df s] s] s'/fx? yfxf ePdf :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf rfFhf]kfFhf] ldnfpg ;lhnf] x'G5xf]nf < egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ / cem k|i6 kfg{ lgDg pbfx/0f lbg'xf];\\ .

� pbfx/0fsf nflu h;/L Pp6f 3/d"nLnfO{ cfkm\gf] 3/sf] af/] ;a} s'/f yfxf x'g] x'gfn]3/sf] rfFhf]kfFhf] ldnfpg ;lhnf] x'G5 To;/L g} :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] rfFhf]kfFhf] ldnfpg;ldltnfO{ :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf af/] s]–s] s'/f yfxf eP ;lhnf] x'G5 xf]nf < egL ;f]Wg'xf];\\/ ;xefuLaf6 cfPsf s'/f Go'hlk|G6df l6Kg'xf];\\ .

� ;xefuLx?sf egfOx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkgsf] If]q;DaGwL ;fdfGo1fg ePdf ;ldltnfO{ sfd ug{ ;lhnf] x'g] s'/f atfpg'xf];\\ .

� ;xefuLx?nfO{ :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg If]qx?sf] ;fdfGo 1fg eGgfn] s]a'e\mg'x'G5 < egL k'gM ;f]Wg'xf];\ / ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ Go'hlk|G6df l6kf]6 ug'{xf];\\ .

;q – r

26


� ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf] kfgf g+= *@ df pNn]v ul/Pcg';f/ :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] ;fdfGo 1fg k|i6 kfg'{xf];\\ .

� ;xefuLnfO{ ;DaGwLt :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL ;fdfGo1fgleq kg]{ sd{rf/L,ef}lts k"jf{wf/, cf}hf/ pks/0f, cf}iflw, ;]jf, ;ldltsf af/]df Ps Ps u/L lj:t[t¿kdf 5nkmn u/fO{ k|i6 kfg'{xf];\ . h:t} M b/aGbL cg';f/ sd{rf/L slt hgf < s] s]kb < xfn slthgf /x]sf < ejg slt sf]7fsf] cfjZos x'G5 < s] s] sf nflu< o;} u/L;a}sf] af/]df atfpg'xf];\ . ;]jfsf] af/]df cl3Nnf] ;qdf 5nkmn ePsfn] oxfF lj:t[t¿kdf5nkmn ug{ gkg]{ .

� s]–s] s'/f :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf x'g] /x]5g\ jf x'g' kbf]{/x]5 eGg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L ePdf dfq;ldltn] To;nfO{ Joj:yfkg ug{;Sg] s'/f Ps k6s km]l/ bf]x¥ofpg'xf];\\ .

� ca ;xefuLx?nfO{ :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf]] Joj:yfkg /fd|f] ug{ ;s] s] kmfObf x'G5 xf]nf < egL;f]Wg'xf];\ .

� ;xefuLaf6 cfPsf egfOx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} pSt s'/fx? /fd|f] ePdf :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 lbOg];]jf u'0f:t/ / k|efjsf/L x'g] / :jf:Yo ;]jfk|lt ;d'bfosf] ljZjf; a9\g] s'/f atfpg'xf];\ .

� o;/L :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf cfjZos kg]{s'/fx?sf] rfFhf]kfFhf] ldnfPdf :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg /fd|f] x'g] s'/f atfpg'xf];\ .

� d'Vo ;Gb]z d]6fsf8{ jf Go'hlk|G6df tof/ kf/L atfpg'xf];\ / ;q cGt ug'{xf];\ .

‘‘d'Vo ;Gb]z� :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] :jf:Yo ;+:yf

Joj:yfkg ug{' kb{5 .� :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg ubf{ ;ldltn] cJojl:ytnfO{ Jojl:yt / ck'unfO{

pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 .� ;ldltnfO{ :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg ug{sf nflu :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;DaGwL

;fdfGo 1fg x'g cfjZos x'G5 .

d"NofÍg� :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg s;n] ug'{kb{5 xf]nf <� :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkgdf ;d'bfon] ug{ ;Sg] ;xof]ux? s] s] x'g\ <� ;d'bfon] ;]jf lnP glnPsf] / :jf:Yo ;+:yfnfO{ ;xof]u u/] gu/]sf] ;fy}

:Jff:Yo ;+:yfn] ;]jf lbP glbPsf] s;n] x]g]{ xf]nf <� :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL cfwf/e"t s'/fx? s] s] x'g\ <

;q – r

27


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

;q-5_Kflxnf] lbgsf] k'g/fjnf]sg

kf7sf] p2]Zo M� o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] cl3Nnf] lbgdf eP u/]sf s'/fx? Aff/] k'gtf{huL eO{

atfpg ;Sg]5g\ .

j:t'ut p2]Zox? M

o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] lgDg s'/f ug{ ;Ifd x'g]5g\ M� ;xefuLx? klxnf] lbgsf k|d'v s'/fx?af/] k'gtf{huL eO{ atfpg .

;do!% ldg]6

ljlwv]n, 5nkmn

;fdu|LDffs{/, 6]k, D]f6fsf8{

lqmofsnfk� ;xefuLx?nfO{ klxnf] lbgsf] ;qsf] k'g/fjnf]sg lgDg v]naf6 ug{ nfu]sf] s'/f atfpg'xf];\ .

v]n� leGg leGg /Fusf d]6fsf8{x? 5fGg'xf];\ . -;xefuLx?sf ;+Vof cg';f/ _� k|To]s d]6fsf8{sf k5fl8 klxnf] lbgdf l;s]sf ljifoj:t'x? dWo]af6 cfjZos

s'/fx? Pp6f k|Zg jf lh1f;fsf ¿kdf /fVg'xf];\ .� s'g} Pp6f d]6fsf8{df dgf]/Ghg lbg] vfnsf s'/fx? klg /fVg'xf];\ .� k|To]s d]6fsf8{df l;l/on gDa/ /fVg'xf];\ .� ;a} ;xefuLx?nfO{ uf]nfsf/ ¿kdf pleg nufpg'xf];\ .� ;b:o ;+Vof cg';f/ gDa/ n]v]sf lr6\7fx? agfpg'xf];\ / dfs{/ 3'dfP/ dfs{/sf]

6'Kkf]n] b]vfPsf] JolQmaf6 38Lsf] ;'O{ 3'Dg] lbzfaf6 ;xefuLx?nfO{ kfn} kfnf] lr6\7ftfGg nufpg'xf];\ .

� ;xefuLn] tfg]sf] gDa/ cg';f/ Ps–Ps ub{} d]6fsf8{ pknAw u/fpg'xf];\\ / k|Zgcg';f/ pQ/ eGg nufpg'xf];\\ .

� ;a}sf] kfnf] ;lsPkl5 wGojfb lbFb} k'g/fjnf]sg ;q cGt ug'{xf];\\ .

29


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

;q-h_

:yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyfJoj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;+/rgf

kf7sf] p2]Zo M� o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf]

;+/rgf af/] hfgsf/L k|fKt u/L atfpg ;Sg]5g\\ .

j:t'ut p2]Zox? M

o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] lgDg s'/f ug{ ;Ifd x'g]5g\ M� Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;+/rgfaf/] hfgsf/L xfFl;n u/L atfpg .� Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;+/rgf cg'¿k xfn eP gePsf] cj:yf af/] hfgsf/L xfFl;n u/L

atfpg .� ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] kbfjlw / kbd'St x'g] cj:yfsf af/]df hfgsf/L k|fKt u/L

atfpg .

;do^) ldg]6

ljlwlrq 5nkmn, dl:tis dGyg, ;d"x sfo{, k|:t'tLs/0f

;fdu|LGo'hlk|G6, Dffs{/, 6]k, ! / @ n]lvPsf lr¶fx?, ljleGg JolQmx?sf lrqx?, D]f6fsf8{, @ ;]6lrqx? –-hghflt k'?if tyf dlxnf, blnt dlxnf, k|wfgfWofks, :jf:Yo ;+:yf k|d'v, k|x/L,;]gf, uf=lj=;= cWoIf, dlxnf ;b:o, dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsf, ;dfh;]jL, :jf:Yo x]g{]uf=lj=;=k|ltlglw, ljBfyL{, wfdLemfFqmL, x'nfsL cflb_, Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] u7g k|lqmof tyf;+/rgf plNnlvt ˆn]S; -h–!_, -h–@_, ;"rgfk|jfx ˆn]S;–-h #_ .

;Gbe{ ;fdu|L:yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;+/rgf

lqmofsnfk� clwNnf] ;qdf :jf:Yo ;+:yfn] u'0f:t/ ;]jf lbg] / ;d'bfon] tL ;]jfx? lng] xf] eGg] yfxf

ePsf] eGg'xf];\ .� oL s'/fx? eP jf ePgg\ < s] eO/x]sf]5 < x]g{] jf b'O{ kIfnfO{ Pp6} ynf]df Nofpg Pp6f

lgsfosf] cfjZostf kb{5 / Tof] lgsfo g} Joj:yfkg ;ldlt xf] eGg] s'/f klg yfxfePsf] atfpg'xf];\ .

30


� ca Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf slt hgf kbflwsf/Lx? x'g] k|fjwfg 5 < jxfFx?sf] k|ltlglwTjs'g s'g ju{÷;d'bfoaf6 x'g] k|fjwfg 5< eGg]jf/] 5nkmn ug{nfu]sf] s'/f ;xefuLx?nfO{eGg'xf];\\ .

� ;xefuLx?nfO{ b'O{ ;d"xdf ljefhg u/L !% ldg]6 ;d"xsfo{ ug{ nufpg'xf];\\ .� ;d"x ljefhg kl5 ;d"xut ¿kdf sfo{ u/fpg lgDg s'/f ;xefuLx?nfO{ eGg'xf];\M

� !% ldg]6sf] ;d"x sfo{ ug{]af/] hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ .

� b'O{ ;]6 lrqx? ;d"xsfo{ ug{ b'a} ;d"xnfO{ lbg'xf];\\ .� pQm lrqx? dWo]af6 ;xL lrqx? 5gf}6 u/L Go'hlk|G6df 6fF;L cfkm\gf] ;ldltsf] ;+/rgf

agfpg nufpg'xf];\\ .� s'g ;b:o s'g ju{÷;d'bfoaf6 /flvPsf] xf] ;f] s'/f dfs{/n] lrqsf] l7s tn n]Vg

eGg'xf];\\ .� Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] kbfjlw slt jif{sf] x'G5 / s]–s:tf] cj:yfdf

kb d'Qm x'G5< ;f] s'/f klg Go'hlk|G6df n]Vg eGg'xf];\\ .� ;fy} ;ldltdf kb]g ;b:o slt hgf / dgf]gLt ;b:o slthgf x'G5g\\ < ;f] s'/f klg

Go'hlk|G6df n]Vg nufpg'xf];\\ .� ;d"xsfo{ ul/;s]kl5 k|:t'tLs/0f ug{ k|ltlglw 5gf}6 ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .� b'a} ;d"xsf k|ltlglwaf6 ;d"xn] u/]sf sfdsf] kfn}kfnf] k|:t'tLs/0f ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .� ;d"xsf] k|:t'lt kl5 Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;+/rgf plNnlvt ˆn]S;–-h !_ / -h @_

em'08\ofpg'xf];\ .� ;d"xn] k|:t't u/]sf] / km\n]S;df plNnlvt ;+/rgf ldn] gldn]sf] 5nkmn ug'{xf];\\ . ;fy}

gldn]sf] 7fpFdf ;DaGwLt ;d"xsf] ;xefuLnfO{ g} ldnfpg nufpg'xf];\\ .� cfkm\gf] ;ldlt lgb{]lzsf cg'¿k eP gePsf] af/] ;xefuLx?aLr 5nkmn ug{ nufpg'xf];\\ .� ;d"xsfo{df ;lqmo ;xeflutfsf nflu b'a} ;d"xnfO{ wGojfb lbg'x]f; .� ca k|;Ë abn\b} ;ldltsf ;b:ox? slxn] klg PSnf] gx'g] a? ;dGjo ug{ ;s] ;xof]uL

w]/} x'g] s'/faf/] 5nkmn ug{ lgDg k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

<<<<< tkfO{x? ;ldltdf /x]/ s] ug'{x'G5 <

;xefuLx?af6 cfpg;Sg] ;+efljt s'/fx? M� nfP÷cx|fPsf] sfd u5'{ , ;]jf s:tf] eO/x]sf] 5 x]5'{ , a}7sdf cfpF5' ================� a}7sdf cfpF5' eGg] egfOnfO{ lnFb} k'gM lgDg k|Zgx? ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

� a}7sdf cfpFbf s] s'/f lnP/ cfpg'x'G5 <� ;d:of eGg] egfO;Fu ;xdt xF'b} ;"rgf s;/L Nofpg] u/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f yfxf kfpg

lgDg s'/f ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

;q – h

31


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

<<<<< ;d:ofx? PSnf PSn} Nofpg'x'G5 ls ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/]/ <� ;xefuLx?sf] s'/fx? ;d]6b} Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;"rgfk|jfx ˆn]S; -h_–# leQfdf

6fF:b} ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] s;/L ;"rgf ;+sng u/L a}7sdf Nofpg ;S5g\ / a}7sdf5nkmn ePsf s'/fx?nfO{ s;/L ;d'bfo;Dd k'¥ofpg ;Sb5 eGg] af/] k|i6 kfg'{xf];\ .

� ;qsf] d'Vo ;Gb]z d]6fsf8{ / Go'hlk|G6df tof/ u/L eGg'xf];\ / ;q ;dfkg ug'{xf];\ .

‘‘d'Vo ;Gb]z

� ;ldltdf :jf:Yo ;+:yf / ;d'bfoaf6 k|ltlglwx? /xg] k|fjwfg 5 .

� pk:jf:Yo rf}sL / :jf:Yo rf}sLsf] ;ldltdf ( hgf / k|fylds :jf:Yos]Gb|df !# hgf ;b:ox? /xg] k|fjwfg 5 .

� ;ldltsf ;b:on] cf–cfk\mgf] If]qaf6 :jf:Yosf ;"rgf jf ;d:ofx?a}7sdf NofO{ 5nkmn ug]{ / To;df ePsf lg0f{ox? k'gM ;d'bfodf n}hfg]ug'{kb{5 .

d"NofÍg

� Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf slt hgf kbflwsf/Lx? /xg] k|fjwfg 5 <

� Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx? sxfF sxfFaf6 /xg] k|fjwfg 5 <

� Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] sfo{cjlw slt jif{sf] /xg] k|fjwfg5 <

� ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] kbd'St x'g] cj:yfx? s] s] x'g <

;q – h

33


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

;q-em_

:yfgLo :jf:Yo :f+:yf ;~rfng tyfJoj:yfkg ;ldltsf] e"ldsf tyf lhDd]jf/L

kf7sf] p2]Zo M� o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] e"ldsf tyf lhDd]jf/L af/]

hfgsf/L k|fKt u/L atfpg ;Sg]5g\\ .

j:t'ut p2]Zox? M

o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] lgDg s'/f ug{ ;Ifd x'g]5g\ M� Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf /x]/ lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ e"ldsf tyf lhDd]jf/Laf/] 1fg xfFl;n u/L

atfpg .

;do() ldg]6

ljlwlrq 5nkmn, dl:tis dGyg, ;d"x sfo{, k|:t'tLs/0f

;fdu|LGo'hlk|G6, dfs{/, 6]k, d]6fsf8{, :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lx?n] ;]jf lb+b} u/]sf], ldnfP/ /fv]sfcf}iflw pks/0f ;/;fdg cflbsf lrqx?, :yfgLo :jf:Yo :f+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] e"ldsf tyf lhDd]jf/L ˆn]S;–-em !_ / -em @_, :jf:Yo ;+:yf x:tfGt/0flgb]{lzsf

;Gbe{ ;fdu|L:yfgLo :jf:Yo :f+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] e"ldsf tyf lhDd]jf/L

lqmofsnfk� ;j{k|yd tn plNnlvt s'/fx? eGg'xf];\M

� cl3Nnf] ;qdf :jf:Yo ;+:yf cg';f/ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox? /xg] s'/f yfxfeof] .

� ;ldltdf a;]kl5 lhDd]jf/L cg'¿k sfd ug{'kg{] x'G5 .� casf] ;qdf ;ldltn] lgjf{x ug{'kg{] e"ldsf tyf lhDd]jf/Ljf/] 5nkmn ug{ nfu]sf

5f}+ .

34


� o;sf lglDt ;j{k|yd ;d"x 5nkmn ug{ nfu]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\\ .� ;d"xsfo{ u/fpg ;xefuLx?nfO{ b'O{ ;d"xdf ljefhg ug{'xf];\\ .� @) ldg6sf] ;do cjlwdf ;d"xsfo{ ug]{af/] atfpg'xf];\ .� b'a} ;d"xnfO{ ;d"xsfo{ ug{ cfjZos ;fdu|Lx? h:t} Go'hlk|G6, dfs{/, d]6fsf8{ cflb

lbg'xf];\ .� 5 dxLgfleq :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;ldltn] jf ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] u/]sf

sfdx? 5nkmn ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .� 5nkmnaf6 cfPsf s'/fx? Go'hlk|G6df aF'bfut ¿kdf n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ .� 5nkmnaf6 tof/ ul/Psf sfd tyf e"ldsfx? b'a} ;d"xnfO{ kfn}kfnf] k|:t'tLs/0f ug{

nufpg'xf];\ .� Pp6f ;d"xsf] k|:t'ltdf csf]{ ;d"xsf] s]xL ;'emfj ePdf ;f] klg l6kf]6 ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .� b'a} ;d"xnfO{ ;d"xsfo{sf nflu wGojfb lbFb} k|:t't ul/Psf Go'hlk|G6x? leQfdf 6fF:g

nufpg'xf];\ .� ;fy} ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] e"ldsf tyf lhDd]jf/L plNnlvt ̂ n]S;–-em !_ / -em @_ klg

;Fu} em'08\ofpg'xf];\ .� ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] e"ldsf / lhDd]jf/Lx? k|fo cfO;s]sf eP klg s]xL 5'6]sf e"ldsf

tyf lhDd]jf/Lx?af/] hfgsf/L lbg lrq 5nkmnaf6 ;q cl3 a9fpg nfu]sf] s'/fatfpg'xf];\\ .

� lrqx? k|of]u ubf{ e"ldsf tyf lhDd]jf/Lx? EfmNsg] k|sf/n] k|:t't ub{} 5nkmn ug{'xf];\ .� :jf:Yo ;+:yf emlNsg] Pp6f lrq b]vfpb} lgDg k|Zgx? ug{'xf];\M

<<<<< of] s] sf] lrq xf] <

<<<<< lsg b]vfOPsf] xf]nf <

;q – em

35


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

� :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] eGg] egfO;Fu ;xdt x'Fb} To;sf] Joj:yfkgsf] lhDd]jf/L klg ;ldltsf]xf] eGg] hfgsf/L u/fpg lrq b]vfPsf] s'/f atfpg'xf];\ .

h:t}, :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/ cGtu{t lgDg s'/fsf] Joj:yfkg ug{] u/fpg] Mejg, hUuf, vfg]kfgL, rkL{, lah'nL, kmlg{r/, ;'/Iff cflb .

� To;} u/L :jf:Yo sdL{n] ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ ;]jf lbO/x]sf] lrq b]vfpFb} lgDg k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\M

<<<<< s] u/]sf] lrq xf]nf <

� :jf:Yo sdL{n] ;]jf lbPsf] eGg] hafkm cfPkl5 sd{rf/L Joj:yfkgdf ;ldltsf]e"ldsfaf/] lgDg cg';f/ hfgsf/L u/fpg'xf];\ .

h:t}M sd{rf/L Joj:yfkgsf nflu b/aGbL cg';f/sf] sd{rf/L, sfh, tflnd, uf]i7Ldfk7fpg, labf :jLs[lt, yk sd{rf/L, sd{rf/Lsf] d"NofÍg cflb .

� Pj+ k|sf/n] cf}iflw÷pks/0f, cfk"lt{ Joj:yfkg, ;|f]t kl/rfng, of]hgf, sfof{Gjog,cg'udg, ;+rf/, ;dGjo, n]vfk/LIf0f nufotsf ljifoj:t'x?df ;ldltsf :fb:ox?n]lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ e"ldsf tyf lhDd]jf/Lsf af/]df ˆn]S;–-em_ ! / @ k|of]u u/L hfgsf/Lu/fpg'xf];\ .

� ;xefuLx?n] a'em] ga'em]sf] olsg ug{ j]nf j]nfdf k|Zg ub}{ ;xhLs/0f ug{'xf];\ .� cGtdf ;qsf] d'Vo ;Gb]z eGg'xf];\ / ;lqmo ;xeflutfsf nflu ;a}nfO{ wGojfb lbFb} ;q

:fdfkg ug{'xf];\ .

;q – em

36


‘‘d'Vo ;Gb]z

� :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkgug'{kb{5 .

� Joj:yfkg ubf{ ;a} ;b:ox?n] cf–cfk\mgf] e"ldsf tyf lhDd]jf/Lx?lgjf{x ug'{ kb{5 .

� ;ldltn] cfk\mgf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ubf{ sd{rf/L, ef}lts k"jf{wf/, ;|f]t Joj:yfkg,cf}iflw, cf}hf/ pks/0f cflbsf] Joj:yfkg ug'{kb{5 .

d"NofÍg

� :yfgLo :jf:Yo :f+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf]e"ldsf tyf lhDd]jf/Lx? s] s] xf]nfg\ <

� :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf slthgf sd{rf/Lsf] b/aGbL x'G5 xf]nf <

;q – em

37


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

;q-`_a}7s ;~rfng k|lqmof

kf7sf] p2]Zo M� o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] a}7s ;~rfng k|lqmof af/] hfgsf/L k|fKt u/L

k|bz{g u/L b]vfpg ;Sg]5g\\ .

j:t'ut p2]Zox? M

o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] lgDg s'/f ug{ ;Ifd x'g]5g\ M� a}7s ;~rfng k|lqmofaf/] 1fg xfFl;n u/L ;Lk k|bz{g ug{ .

;do^) ldg]6

ljlw

lrq 5nkmn, dl:tis dGyg, k|:t'tLs/0f

;fdu|LGo'hlk|G6, dfs{/, a}7s al;/x]sf] lrq, d]6fsf8{, a}7s ;~rfng k|lqmof ˆn]S;–-`_

;Gbe{ ;fdu|La}7s

lqmofsnfk

� cl3Nnf ;qdf ;ldltsf] e"ldsf tyf lhDd]jf/Lsf af/]df 5nkmn eO;s]sf] hfgsf/Llbg'xf];\ .

� o;/L cfkm}n] ug'{kg{] sfd, st{Jo yfxf kfO;s]kl5 ;ldltn] s] ul//x]sf] /x]5 / s] ug{afFsL /x]5 eGg] s'/f klxrfg ePsf] s'/f ;+If]kdf eGg'xf];\\ .

� a}7s al;/x]sf] lrq b]vfpFb} of] s] sf] lrq xf]nf egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

38


� ;xefuLx?af6 a}7s a;]sf] lrq eGg] egfO;Fu ;xdt xF'b} s'g} klg ljifoj:t' af/];ldltn] 5nkmn ug'{k/]df sxfF ug]{ xf]nf < egL ;xefuLx?nfO{ ;f]Wg'xf];\\ .

� a}7sdf eGg] ;xefuLx?sf] egfO;Fu ;xdt x'Fb} a}7s eGgfn] s] a'e\mg'x'G5 < egL;f]Wg'xf];\ .

� ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf s'/f klg ;d]6\b} lgDg s'/f atfpg'xf];\M

a}}7s eGgfn] ;d'bfo tyf ;+3 ;+:yfsf ;DaGwLt JolQmx? a;]/ ljBdfg ;d:ofx?;'Nemfpg jf lglZrt ljifoj:t'x?df 5nkmn u/L s'g} 7f]; lg:sif{ lgsfNg] sfo{ g}a}7s xf] . sfo{qmd cg';f/ a}7s lgoldt tyf cfjZostf cg';f/ ug{ ;lsG5 .

a}7ssf] dxTjjf/] hfgsf/L lbg lgDg k|;Fu hf]8\g'xf];\M

lglZrt z/L/sf] :j¿ksf nflu d]?b08sf] cfjZostf ePh:t} :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] d]?b08eg]sf] Joj:yfkg ;ldlt xf] . To;}u/L, z/L/nfO{ hLjGt /fVg z/L/sf k|To]s c+u c+udfz'Wb /ut k7fpg tyf x/]s c+u c+udf ePsf] cz'Wb /ut NofP/ z'WbLs/0f ug{kmf]S;f]df k7fpg h;/L d'6'n] dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ u/]sf] x'G5, To;/Lg} ;lqmo Joj:yfkg;ldlt agfpg / ;ldltsf] sfo{x? Jojl:yt ug{sf nlu a}7sn] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{xub{5 .

� xfn ;ldltsf] a}7s s;/L ;~rfng x'g] u/]]sf] 5 eGg] ;ldltaf6 g} a'e\mgsf] nflu5nkmn ug{ nfu]sf] s'/f atfpg'xf];\ .

� ;xefuLx?nfO{ lgDg k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\ M

<<<<< tkfO{x?n] a}7s ;~rfng ug]{ qmddf ug]{ u/]sf k|lqmofx? s] s] 5g\ <

;q – `

39


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

� cfPsf pQ/x? Go'hlk|G6df l6kf]6 ug'{xf];\ .� ;xefuLaf6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} ˆn]S;–-`_ cg';f/ a}7s ;~rfng k|lqmofaf/]

hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\\ .� o;/L oxL k|lqmofx? ckgfO{ a}7s ;~rfng u/]df dfq a}7s k|efjsf/L x'g] s'/fsf]

hfgsf/L u/fpg'xf];\\ .� ;ldltn] cfufdL lbgdf oxL k|lqmof ckgfP/ a}7s ug{'kg{] s'/f eGg'xf];\\ .� oxL k|lqmof ckgfP/ tflndsf] clGtd lbg ;ldltsf] Pp6f jf:tljs a}7s a:g'kg]{ s'/f

atfpg'xf];\ / ;qsf] d'Vo ;Gb]z Go'hlk|G6 / d]6fsf8{df tof/ u/L atfpFb} ;q ;dfkgug'{xf];\\ .

‘‘d'Vo ;Gb]z

� s'g} klg ;d:of eP jf ;dfwfg ug'{kg]{ ePdf tL ;d:ox?nfO{ a}7sdf5nkmn u/L lg0f{osf] cfwf/df sfof{Gjog ub}{ uPdf ;d'bfosf] :jf:Yosf]cj:yfdf kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsG5 .

� ;ldlt :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf nflu d]?b08 xf] eg] lgoldt x'g] a}7s d'6' xf] .

� a}7s k|lqmof k'¥ofP/ ug{ ;s]df k|efjsf/L x'G5 .

d"NofÍg

� a}7s eGgfn] s] a'e\mg'x'G5 <

� a}7s ;~rfng k|lqmofsf r/0fx? s]–s] x'g\ <

;q – `

41


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

:yfgLo :jf:Yo :f+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg;ldltn] u/]sf sfo{x?sf] :jd"Nof°g

kf7sf] p2]Zo M� o; ;qsf] cGtdf

;xefuLx?n] cfkm"n]ul//x]sf] sfo{x?sf]cj:yf af/] :jd"NofÍgu/L ;'wf/ ug{'kg{] kIfklxrfg ug{ ;Ifdx'g]5g\\ .

j:t'ut p2]Zox? Mo; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n]

lgDg s'/f ug{ ;Ifd x'g]5g\ M� :jd"NofÍg ug]{ s'/fx?sf]

1fg k|fKt u/L ;Lkk|bz{g ug{ .

� :jd"NofÍg u/L ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ kIfx?sf] klxrfg ug{ .

;do() ldg]6


;fdu|LGo'hlk|G6, dfs{/, 6]k, d]6fsf8{, cfk\mgf] cg'xf/ x]]l//x]sf o'jtL tyf o'jssf lrqx?, :jd"NofÍgˆn]S;–-6 !_, -6 @_ / -6 #_ .

;Gbe{ ;fdu|L:yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] u/]sf sfo{x?sf] :jd"NofÍg

;q-6_

42


lqmofsnfk� ;xhstf{n] ;a}eGbf klxn] P]gfdf cfˆgf] cg'xf/ x]l//x]sf o'jtL / o'jssf] lrq b]vfP/

o;df s] b]Vg'eof] egL k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\\ .

� lrqdf o'jtL / o'jsn] cfˆgf] cg'xf/ s:tf] 5 < n'uf nufPsf] s:tf] 5 < /fd|f] 5ls < st} gldn]sf] jf g/fd|f] 5 ls eg]/ x]/] h:t} ;ldltn] klg ;do ;dodf cfˆgfsfo{x? s:tf e}/x]sf 5g\ eg]/ x]g'{ kb{5 eg]/ JofVof ug'{xf];\\ . ;fy} o'js / o'jtLn]P]gfdf x]/]/ s]xL gldn]df jf g/fd|f] b]lvPdf ;'wf/ u/] h:t} ;ldltn] klg cfˆgf sdhf]/kIfx?nfO{ ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ af/] hf]8 lbg'xf];\\ .

� ca cfˆgf sfo{x? s:tf] cj:yfdf 5g\\ egL x]g{ tof/ x'gsf] nflu hfgsf/L lb+b}:jd"NofÍg ug]{ ̂ n]S;–-6 !_, -6 @_ / -6 #_ cufl8 e'm08\ofpg'xf];\\ . :jd"NofÍgsf] ljlw/ gDa/ lbg] tl/sf af/] JofVof ug{'xf];\\.

� ;xefuLx?nfO{ of] s'g} uNtL klxrfg / :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] d"NofÍg u/]sf] geO{ cfˆgf];an tyf sdhf]/ kIf kQf nufO{ ;'wf/ ug]{ df}sfsf] vf]hL ug]{ pkfo xf] egLatfpg'xf];\\ .

� d"NofÍg ug'{kg]{ sfo{x?nfO{ tLg If]qdf afFl8Psf] af/] hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\\ . ;fy} k|To]szLif{ssf] 5f]6f] hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\\ .

� ;ldltsf] ;+:yfut Ifdtf / ;ldltsf] ;zQmLs/0f

� :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg

� ;]jfsf cj:yf

;q – 6

43


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

� ca kfn}–kfnf] tLgj6} If]qdf ;ldltsf] :jd"NofÍg ug{ nfu]sf] s'/f atfpg'xf];\\ .� ;j{k|yd ;ldltsf] ;+:yfut Ifdtf plNnlvt ˆn]S;–-6 !_ sf] k|of]u u/L :jd"NofÍg

z'?jft ug{'xf];\\ .� o;sf lglDt o; If]q cGt{ut k|To]s a'Fbf af/] qmdzM 5f]6\s/Ldf hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\\ /

o;df oxfFsf] cj:yf s] 5 egL ;f]Wg'xf];\\ . cj:yf cg';f/ /fd|f] 5 eg] -!_/ sdhf]/ eP-)_ gDa/ lbg'xf];\\ .

� ;xefuLx?nfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ clen]v k|ltj]bg a}7s k'l:tsf cflb x]g{ nufpg'xf];\\ .� :jd"NofÍg sfo{nfO{ a9L k|efjsf/L agfpg h'g sfo{df -!_ c+s kfPsf] 5, To:tf]

cj:yfdf ;a}nfO{ tfnL ahfpg cg'/f]w u/L xf};nf a9fpg'xf];\\ .� Pj+ /Ltn] ̂ n]S;–-6 @_ / -6 #_ sf] k|of]u u/L afFsL If]qsf] klg :jd"NofÍg u/fpg'xf];\\ .� o:t} k|lqmofn] cfufdL a}7sx?df klg lgoldt ¿kn] :jd"NofÍg u/L ;an tyf sdhf]/

kIfx? kQf nufpg cg'/f]w ug'{xf];\\ .� h'g a'Fbf jf sfo{x? 7Ls tl/sfn] ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ tL sfo{x?nfO{ Pp6f Go'hlk|G6df

n]v]/ /fVg'xf];\\ .� oL dlysf a'Fbfx? ;ldltsf] a}7s k'l:tsfdf l6Kg nufpg'xf];\ / ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ s'/fx?nfO{

cfufdL lbgdf ;dfwfg ub}{ hfg'kg]{ s'/f atfpg'xf];\\ .� cGtdf d'Vo ;Gb]z plNnlvt d]6fsf8{ jf Go'hlk|G6af6 ;qsf d'Vo ;Gb]z atfpFb} ;q

cGt ug'{xf];\ .

‘

‘d'Vo ;Gb]z� :jd"Nof°g eGgfn] hf] sf]xL÷;ldltn] Pp6f lglZrt cjlwdf cfkm}n] u/]sf]

sfd rfx] h:tf] eof] jf ePg egL cfkm}n] n]vfhf]vf ug{'nfO{ a'emfpFb5 .� of] s;}sf] uNtL jf sdLsdhf]/L kQf nufO b08 hl/jfgf ug{sf nflu

ul/Fb}g .� a? o;n] ;ldltn] u/]sf /fd|f tyf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ s'/fx?nfO{ klxrfg ug{]

cj;/ k|bfg ub{5 .� /fd|f sfdx?nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg tyf sdL sdhf]/Lx?nfO{ ;'wf/ ub{}hfg]

cj;/sf] ?kdf o;nfO{ lnOg'kb{5 .� ;dLIff w]/} If]qdf ug{ ;lsP tfklg ljz]if u/L ;ldltsf] ;+:yfut Ifdtf,

;ldltsf] ;zQmLs/0f, :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg / ;]jfsf] cj:yfsf af/]dfug{ ;lsG5 .

d"NofÍg� :jd"Nof°g eg]sf] s] xf]nf <� :jd"Nof°g ug{'kbf{ s'g s'g If]qdf ug{ ;lsG5 <

;q – 6

45


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

;q-7_bf];|f] lbgsf] k'g/fjnf]sg

kf7sf] p2]Zo M� o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] cl3Nnf] lbgdf eP u/]sf s'/fx? Aff/] k'gtf{huL eO{

atfpg ;Sg]5g\ .

j:t'ut p2]Zox? M

o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] lgDg s'/f ug{ ;Ifd x'g]5g\ M� ;xefuLx? klxnf] lbgsf k|d'v s'/fx?af/] k'gtf{huL eO{ atfpg .

;do!% ldg]6

ljlwtftf] cfn' v]n

;fdu|LGo'hlk|G6, Dffs{/, 6]k, rsn]6

lqmofsnfk� ;xefuLx?nfO{ cl3Nnf] lbgsf] ;dLIff tftf] cfn' v]naf6 ug{ nfu]sf] af/] hfgsf/L

lbg'xf];\ .

tftf] cfn' v]n� pkxf/ lbg Ps Kofs]6 rsn]6sf] tof/L ug'{xf];\ .

� bf];|f] lbgdf l;s]sf ljifoj:t'x? dWo]af6 cfjZos s'/fx? Pp6f k|Zg jf lh1f;fsf]¿kdf Go'hlk|G6df ptfg'{xf];\ .

� Pp6f k|Zgsf nflu Pp6f Go'hlk|G6 k|of]u ug'{xf];\ .

� Pp6f k|Zg n]v]sf] Go'hlk||G6nfO{ csf]{ k|Zg n]v]sf] Go'hlk|G6n] a]b}{ hfg'xf];\ / sDtLdf;a} ;xefuLx?nfO{ k'Ug] u/L Go'hlk|G6df n]v]/ a]g{'xf];\ . o;/L a]b}{ hfFbf Pp6f kf]sftof/ x'g]5 .

� ;a} ;xefuLx?nfO{ uf]nfsf/ ¿kdf pleg nufpg'xf];\ .

� s'g} aHg] vfnsf] ;fdu|L k|of]u u/L tfn ahfpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg'xf];\\ .

� Pp6f dfs{/ ;xefuLx?sf] aLrdf 3'dfpg'xf];\\ / dfs{/sf] 6'Kkfn] b]vfPsf] JolQmaf6v]n z'? ug{'xf];\\ .

46


� tfnsf] nodf kf]sf l56f] l56f] Psaf6 csf]{df lbg nufpg'xf];\ .

� tfn aHg 5f8\g] lalQs} h;sf] xftdf kf]sf 5, p;nfO{ Pp6f kq vf]Ng nufO{ pStkqdf ePsf] k|Zgsf] pQ/ eGg nufpg'xf];\\ .

� ;xefuLn] pQ/sf lglDt cGo ;xefuLsf] ;xof]u klg lng ;Sg] s'/f atfpg'xf];\ .

� o;}u/L ;a} kf]sf g;lspGh]n v]n hf/L /fVg'xf];\ .

� clGtd ljhoL ;xefuLaf6 kf]sf] vf]Nbf e]l6Psf rsn]6sf] Kofs]6nfO{ ;a};Fu af8\gnufpg'xf];\ .

� ;a}sf] kfnf] ;lsPkl5 wGoafb lbFb} ;qsf] cGt ug'{xf];\ .

;q – 7

47


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

;q-8_:jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfj]zLs/0f

kf7sf] p2]Zo M� o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] ;dfj]zL :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] cjwf/0ff dxTj / k|lqmof

af/] hfgsf/L xfFl;n u/L ;Lk k|bz{g ug{ ;Sg]5g\\ .

j:t'ut p2]Zox? M

o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] lgDg s'/f ug{ ;Ifd x'g]5g\ M� :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfj]zLs/0f af/] atfpg .� :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfj]zLs/0f ul/g] ljleGg tf}/ tl/sfaf/] hfgsf/L xfFl;n u/L ;Lk

k|bz{g ug{ .

;do^) ldg6

ljlwRfsn]6 v]n, dl:tis dGyg, k|:t'tLs/0f

;fdu|LGo'hlk|G6, dfs{/, 6]k, d]6fsf8{, rsn]6

;Gbe{ ;fdu|L;dfj]zL :jf:Yo ;]jf

lqmofsnfk� :jf:Yodf ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] cjwf/0ff Nofpg rsn]6 v]naf6 lgDgfg';f/ ;q cufl8

a9fpg'xf];\ .� s]xL ;xefuLx? afx]s ;a}nfO{ Ps–Psj6f rsn]6 afF8\g'xf];\ / lgDg k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

<<<<< ;a}n] rSn]6 kfpg'eof] <� s]xL ;xefuLx? afx]s ;a}n] kfPsf] s'/f;Fu ;xdt x'g'xf];\ / gkfpg]x?sf] klxrfg ug{

lgDg k|Zgx? ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

<<<<< s–s;n] kfpg'ePg <� gkfpg]x?sf] klxrfg ug{'xf];\ / lgDg k|Zg ug{'xf];\ .

<<<<< ;a}sf nflu afF8]sf]] rsn]6 ;a}n] kfpg' kYof]{ ls kb{}gYof] <

48


<<<<< rsn]6 kfpg s;/L 5'6\g'eof] t <� rSn]6 gkfpgfsf sf/0fx? ;a}n] ;'Gg]u/L eGgnufpg'xf];\ .� ;xefuLx?sf s'/fx? ;d]6\b}, rSn]6 gkfpFbf s:tf] cg'ej eof] < egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ /

;xefuLsf efjgf dgb]lv g} lgsfNg] k|of; ug'{xf];\ .

;Defljt pQ/x? M

� kl5 lbg] xf]nf eGg] nfu]sf] lyof], t/ lbg'ePg .

� b'Mv nfUof] .

� cfKf\mgf] dfG5]nfO{ dfq lbPsf] xf]nf eGg] nfUof]

� gb]v]/ 5'6fPsf] xf]nf eGg] nfUof] .

� ul/a b]v]/ 5'6fPsf] xf]nf eGg] nfUof] cflb .

� rsn]6 ;a}nfO{ k'Ug] u/L g} Joj:yf ul/Psf] eP klg ljleGg sf/0fx?n] ubf{ s]xL;xefuLx? 5'6\g uPsf] eGg'xf];\ / lgDg k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

<<<<< ca s] ug{] t <� 5'6]sf ;a}nfO{ klg rsn]6 lbg] eGg] ;xefuLx?sf] egfO;Fu ;xdt x'g'xf]]; / 5'6]sf

;a}nfO{ rsn]6 lbg'xf];\ . ;fy} lgDg k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

<<<<< ca t ;a}n] rSn]6 kfpg'eof] <� kfof}+ eGg] egfO;Fu ;xdt x'g'xf];\ / lgDg k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\ .� of] rsn]6 v]n lsg v]lnPsf] xf]nf < ;f]RgnfO{ Ps ldg6 ;do lbO{ eGg nufpg'xf];\ .� ;Defljt pQ/ o; k|sf/ x'g;Sg]5g\ .

� ;a}sf nflu NofOPsf] rsn]6 ;a}n] kfpg' kb{5 . rsn]6 afF8\g] qmddf olb sf]xL5'6\g uPdf pgLx?nfO{ klxrfg u/L rsn]6 lbOg'kb{5 .

� ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf egfO;Fu ;xdt x'g'xf];\ / lgDg k|Zg ug{'xf];\ .� Dffgf}+ clxn] v]n]sf] rsn]6 v]nnfO{ :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 lbOg] ;]jf;Fu t'ngf ug'{eof] eg]

s] kfpg'x'G5 <

;Defljt pQ/x?,� rsn]6 ;a}sf nflu eP h:t} :jf:Yo ;]jf klg ;a}sf nflu xf] .� h;/L ljleGg sf/0fx?n] s]xL dflg;x? rsn]6 kfpgaf6 5'6]sf lyP To;} u/L

:jf:Yo ;]jf lngaf6 klg 5'6]sf x'g;Sb5g\ .� tL ;]jf lng 5'6]sfx?nfO{ :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 pknAw ;]jf lbg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kb{5

cflb .

;q – 8

49


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

� ;xefuLx?sf] egfO;Fu ;xdt xF'b} rsn]6 kfpgaf6 5'6]sfnfO{ h;/L rsn]6 lbOof]To;/L g} :jf:Yo ;]jfaf6 5'6]sfnfO{ ;]jfdf ;dfj]z ug'{nfO{ s] egL a'e\mg'x'G5< egL;f]Wg'xf];\\ .

� ;xefuLx?af6 ;dfj]zL jf ;dfj]zLs/0f eGg] egfO cfPdf To;df ;xdt x'Fb} :jf:Yodf;dfj]zL jf ;dfj]zLs/0f eGgfn] s] a'em\g'x'G5 egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

� ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} :jf:Yodf ;dfj]zL jf ;dfj]zLs/0f lgDgcg';f/ eGg'xf];\ .

;dfj]zL jf ;dfj]zLs/0f eGgfn] s'g} ;]jf jf j:t'df kxF'r gk'u]sf dflg;x?sf] klxrfgu/L pgLx?nfO{ ;]jf kfpg] k|0ffnLdf ;dfj]z ug'{ jf cfa¢ u/fpg' eGg] a'emfpF5 .

� To:t} :jf:Yodf ;dfj]zL eGgfn] :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] kx'Frdf gePsf JolQm jf ;d'bfoklxrfg u/L ;]jfsf] kx'Frdf Nofpg' xf] eGg] hfgsf/L lbFb} lgDg k|Zg ug{'xf];\ .

<<<<< ;xefuLnfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfj]zLs/0f lsg ug{'k5{ xf]nf <� ;xefuLaf6 cfPsf s'/fx? l6kf]6 ug'{xf];\ / cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} lgDg hfgsf/L

lbg'xf];\ .

� dfgjLo b[li6sf]0faf6 ,

� :j:y x'g' ;a}sf] hGdl;¢ clwsf/ ePsfn],

� ;d'bfodf s;}nfO{ nfu]sf] ;?jf /f]u ;dod} lgbfg geP k"/} ;d'bfonfO{ g} la/fdLkfg{ ;Sg] ePsfn] . h:t} M x}hf, emf8fkvnf, cfpF cflb .

� :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfj]zLs/0f ug{'kg{] sf/0fx? Yffxf eO;s]sf] s'/f ;+If]kdf bf]xf]¥ofpg'xf];\/ 5'6]sfx?nfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jfdf s;/L ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsPnf egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ . ;xefuLaf6cfPsf s'/fx? l6kf]6 ug{'xf];\ .

� ;xefuLx?af6 cfpg;Sg] ;Defljt pQ/x?M� 3/ 3/ e]6 u/]/, 3/w'/L nfut lnP/, ;f]w]/, a'em]/ cflb .

� ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf s'/fx? ;d]6\b} lgDg s'/f atfpg'xf];\ .� ;dfj]zL k|lqmof w]/} ljlwaf6 ug{ ;lsG5 . s]xL k|d'v ljlwx? lgDg cg';f/ 5g\\ .

� ;dflhs gS;f� :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] tYofÍ ljZn]if0f cflb .

;q – 8

50


;ldltåf/f uf=lj=;= sf] ;fdflhs gS;f agfpFb}

;ldltåf/f :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] tYofÍ ljZn]if0f

� ca ;xefuLx?nfO{ ;fdflhs gS;f af/] 5nkmn ug{ lgDg k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

<<<<< ;fdflhs gS;f s;/L agfpg] <� ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ klg cfwf/ dfGg'xf];\ / lgDg cg';f/ gS;f agfpg

;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .

;q – 8

51


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

� ;xefuLx?af6 uf=lj=;=sf] gS;f sf]g{ nufpg'xf];\ .

� k|To]s jf8{sf] /]vfÍg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .

� uf=lj=; leq ePsf] :jf:Yo ;+:yf, ufpF3/ lSnlgs, vf]k lSnlgs /fVgnufpg'xf];\ .

� JolQmut cf}iflw k;nx? eP ;f] klg /fVg nufpg'xf];\ .

� s'g ;d'bfosf dflg;x? sxfF a;]sf5g\\ ;f] klg /fVg nufpg'xf];\ .

� s'g jf8{af6 dflg;x?n] ;]jf sd lng cfpFb5g\ ;xefuLx?nfO{ lgsfNgnufpg'xf];\ .

� o;} u/L cGo ljlwx?af6 klg ;]jfdf 5'6]sf dflg; kQfnufpg ;lsg] s'/fatfpg'xf];\ .

� ca oL 5'6]sf ;d'bfosf] nflu sfo{of]hgf agfO{ ljz]if sfo{qmd Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ s'/fatfpg'xf];\ .

� cGtdf kf7sf] d'Vo ;Gb]z d]6fsf8{ / Go'hlk|G6df tof/ u/L atfpg'xf];\ .� ;lqmo ¿kdf ;xeflutfsf nflu ;a}nfO{ wGojfb lb+b} ;qsf] cGt ug'{xf];\ .

‘

‘d'Vo ;Gb]z� :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfj]zLs/0f eGgfn] pknJw :jf:Yo ;]jfdf kxF'r gePsf

dflg;x?sf]] klxrfg u/L pgLx?nfO{ ;]jfsf] kx'Frdf Nofpg] Joj:yfldnfpg' xf] .

� :jf:Yo ;]jfdf kxF'r gk'u]sf dflg;x? kQfnufpg] w]/} ljlwx?5g\\ . tLdWo] ;fdflhs gS;f, ljleGg ;]jf /lhi6/x?sf] ljZn]if0f k|d'v ljlwx?x'g .

� ;fdflhs gS;f dfkm{t uf=lj=;= l:yt s'g j8fsf dflg;x? s:tf] ;]jfaf6s'g sf/0fx?n] 5'6]sf 5g\\ eGg] hfgsf/L lng ;lsG5 .

� o;/L ;]jfsf] kxF'rdf gePsf JolQm jf ;d'bfonfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0fsf nflu:jf:Yo ;+:yf tyf ;d'bfo txdf ljleGg sfo{x? ug'{ kb{5 .

d"NofÍg

� ;dfj]zLs/0f eGgfn] s] a'e\mg'x'G5 <

� :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfj]zLs/0f lsg ug{'k5{ xf]nf <

� ;dfj]zLs/0f s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <

;q – 8

53


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

;q-9_:jf:Yo ;+:yf / ;ldltsf] kl/sNkgf

kf7sf] p2]Zo M� o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] :jf:Yo

;+:yf tyf ;ldltsf] kl/sNkgf ug{] af/]1fg / ;Lk k|fKt u/L ;ldlt / :jf:Yo;+:yfsf] tLg jif]{ kl/sNkgf tof/ ug{;Sg]5g\\ .

j:t'ut p2]Zox? Mo; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] lgDg s'/f ug{ ;Ifd

x'g]5g\ M� tLg jif{leq :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf

Joj:yfkg ;ldlt tyf :jf:Yo ;+:yf s:tf]cj:yfdf k'u]sf] x'g]5 eGg] kl/sNkgf tof/ ug{ .

;do^) ldg]6


;fdu|L� Go'hlk|G6, dfs{/, 6]k, d]6fsf8{, lrq, art ;d"xsf] kl/sNkgf pbfx/0f

;Gbe{ ;fdu|LM� kl/sNkgf

lqmofsnfk� ;xefuLx?nfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jfaf6

5'6]sf dflg;sf] klxrfg s;/Lug]{ / ;]jfsf] bfo/fdf s;/LNofpg ;lsg] /x]5 eGg] s'/fyfxf ePsf] atfpFb} cas]f ;q kl/sNkgfjf/] 5nkmn ug{ uO/x]sf]jf/] hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ .

� kl/sNkgfjf/] ;femf a'emfOsf nflu kl/sNkgf s] xf] egL dl:tis dGyg u/fpg'xf];\ .� ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} dflysf] lrq b]vfpFb} kl/sNkgf af/] ;+If]kdf

atfpg'xf];\ . � cem k|i6 kfg{ Pp6f art ;d"xsf] kl/sNkgfsf] pbfx/0f ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf] kfgf g+= ((

df eP adf]lhd Go'hlk|G6df tof/ u/L atfpg'xf];\ .

54


� k|:t't kl/sNkgfsf] pbfx/0f h:t} ca tLg jif{df o; ;ldlt tyf :jf:Yo ;+:yf s:tf]cj:yfdf k'u]sf] x'g]5 eGg] kl/sNkgf ug{ nfu]sf] s'/f atfpg'xf];\\ .

� o;sf nflu #) ldg]6 ;do /x]sf] / ;d"x sfo{ u/L kl/sNkgf ug{'kg{] tyf ;xefuLx?dWo] s'g} Psn] k|:t't ug{'kg{] s'/fjf/] klg hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ .

� kl/sNkgf ug{ cfjZos kg{] ;fdu|Lx? Go'hlk|G6, dfs{/, sn/k]g lbg'xf];\ .� to ePsf] kl/sNkgfnfO{ Go'hlk|G6df lrq jf lnlvt ¿kdf pNn]v ug{ ;lsg]jf/] klg

atfpg'xf];\ .� ;d"x 5nkmnsf qmddf cfjZostf cg';f/ ;xof]u ug{'xf];\ .� kl/sNkgf cEof; ug{ nufpFbf ;xhstf{n] ;xefuLx?nfO{ cfˆgf] ;fwg ;|f]tnfO{ dWogh/

/fv]/ agfpg' kg]{ s'/f hf]8 lbg'xf];\\ .� kl/sNkgf cEof; ubf{ ;ldlt tyf :jf:Yo ;+:yf b'a}sf s'/fx? ;d]l6g] u/L] ug{

nufpg'xf];\ .� ca ;xefuLx? dWo] Ps hgfnfO{ tof/ ePsf] kl/sNkgf k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\\ .� ;fy} pQm kl/sNkgf sxfF sxfF /fVg]] / lsg /fVg]af/] 5nkmn u/L o;sf] dxTj

atfpg'xf];\\ .

sxfF /fVg] < lsg /fVg] <

� :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf, � ;ldltnfO{ ;w} emSemsfpF5 / ;lqmo x'g pTk|]l/tub{5,

� Uff=lj=;=df, � ;a}sf] hfgsf/Ldf cfpg ;Sb5 / kf/blz{tfnfO{� ljBfnodf, a9jf lbG5 .� ;fj{hlgs :yfgx?df cflb .

� ;a}sf] ;lqmo ;xeflutfaf6 ;ldlt tyf :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] kl/sNkgf tof/ ePsf]df ;f]kl/sNkgf cg';f/ sfd ug{ k|lta4tf hfx]/ ug{ nufpg'xf];\ .

� cGtdf d'Vo ;Gb]z d]6fsf8{ jf Go'hlk|G6df tof/ u/L atfpg'xf];\ / ;q cGt ug'{xf];\ .

;q – 9

‘

‘d'Vo ;Gb]z� s'g} sfd eljiodf s:tf] ePsf] x'g]5 eGg] ;fF]r g} kl/sNkgf xf] .� kl/sNkgfn] cfufdL lbgdf s] s;/L sfo{ ub}{ hfg] eGg] s'/fsf] lbzflgb]{z

ub{5 .

d"NofÍg� kl/sNkgf eg]sf] s] xf] <� kl/sNkgf lgdf{0f ug{ lsg cfjZos 5 <� kl/sNkgf s;/L ug]{ <

55


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

:jf:Yo ;+:yf / ;ldltsf] sfo{of]hgf

kf7sf] p2]Zo M� o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] ;ldlt / :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{

;Ifd x'g]5g\\ .

j:t'ut p2]Zox? M

o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] lgDg s'/f ug{ ;Ifd x'g]5g\ M� ;d:of s] x]f eGg] s'/f atfpg ,� klxrfg ul/Psf ;d:ofx?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f ug{,� ;d:ofsf h8 sf/0fx? klxrfg ug{] 1fg tyf ;Lk k|fKt u/L k|bz{g ug{,� sfo{of]hgfaf/] 1fg xfFl;n u/L tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf sfo{of]hgf agfpg .

;do() ldg]6


;fdu|LGo'hlk|G6, dfs{/, 6]k, d]6fsf8{, ;d:of k|fyldsLs/0f 5nkmn lrqx?, ;"rgf k|jfx ˆn]S;–-h #_, sfo{of]hgf :j¿k ˆn]S;–-0f_, lsg–lsg ljlwsf] pbfx/0f plNnlvt Go'hlk|G6

;Gbe{ ;fdu|L;d:of / ;dfwfgsf] pkfo

lqmofsnfk� ;j{k|yd cl3Nnf] ;qdf ;ldlt / :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] kl/sNkgfaf/] 5nkmn ePsf s'/f

atfpg'xf];\ .� casf] ;qdf ;d:ofx? ;dfwfg ug{ sfo{of]hgf s;/L agfpg] af/] 5nkmn ug{ nfu]sf]

s'/f atfpFg'xf];\ .� ;j{k|yd ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} TfLg lbgsf] 5nkmnsf qmddf cfPsf

;d:ofx? Go'hlk|G6df tof/ ul/P cg'¿k ;a}n] b]Vg] :yfgdf 6fF:g'xf];\\ / lgDg k|Zg;f]Wg'xf];\\ .

;q-0f_

56


<<<<< s] oL ;a} ;d:ofx? x'g t <

<<<<< ;d:of eg]sf] s] xf]nf <

� ;xefuLx?sf s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} 5f]6\s/Ldf ;d:ofnfO{ lgDg cg';f/ kl/eflift ub}{ k|i6kfg'{xf];\ .

� cfkm"n] rfx]sf] cj:yf / xfnsf] cj:yf aLrsf] b"/LnfO{ g} ;d:of elgG5 .

� pbfx/0fsf nflu, !)) hgf Ps jif{d'lgsf afnafnLsfnfO{ vf]k lbg] nIo/flvPsf]df *) hgfnfO{ dfq vf]k;]jf lbg ;lsof] eg] @) hgf 5'6\g' vf]ksf]nIosf] lgldQ ;d:of ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'xf];\ .

� oxfF rfx]sf] cj:yf M !)) hgf jfnjflnsfx?n] vf]k lnpmg eGg] xf] .

� xfnsf] cj:yf M *) hgfn] dfq nufPsf] .

� ;d:of M nIf cg';f/ @) hgf jfnjflnsf ;]jfaf6 5'6\g' .

� ;d:ofsf] h8sf/0f km/s km/s x'g ;Sg] s'/f atfpFb} o;af/] kl5 5nkmn ul/g]s'/fatfpg'xf];\ .

� ;fy} ;ldltn] tof/ kf/]sf] kl/sNkgfnfO{ klg ;d:ofsf] ;"rL ;Fu} 6fF:g'xf];\ . Go'hlk|G6dfn]lvPsf ;a} ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ k5{ ls kb}{g xf]nf egL ;xefuLx?nfO{;f]Wg'xf];\ .

� ;xefuLx?sf] k5{ eGg] egfO;Fu ;xdt xF'b} s] oL ;a} ;d:ofx? Ps} k6s ;dfwfg ug{;lsG5 t < egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

� ;xefuLx?sf] ;lsFb}g eGg] egfO;Fu ;xdt xF'b} ;xefuLnfO{ s;/L ;dfwfg ug{] t <egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

� ;xefuLx?af6 klxn] oL oL ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;dfwfg ug]{ / To; kl5 c? ug{] eGg]s'/fx?nfO{ ;'Gg'xf];\ / l6kf]6 ug{'xf];\ .

� ;xefuLx?n] eg]sf s'/fx?nfO{ hf]8\b} oL ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ k|fyldsLs/0f u/Lug{'kg{] s'/f atfpg'xf];\\ .

� k|fyldsLs/0f ug]{ k|lqmofnfO{ cem k|i6 kfg{ lgDg lrqx?sf] k|of]u u/L k|fyldsLs/0fsf]cEof; u/fpg'xf];\ .

� pQm lrqx? b]vfpFb} ;f] lrqdf s] b]vfpg vf]lhPsf] 5 egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ / lrqx? Ps kl5csf]{ ub}{ 6fF; ug'{xf];\ .

;q – 0f

57


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

� ;xefuLx?sf] egfO;Fu ;xdt x'g'xf];\ / lgDg s'/fx? eGg'xf];\ .� Dffgf} lrqdf b]vfOPsf ;a} sfdx? oxfFx?n] ug{'kg{] 5 . t/ PskN6df Pp6f dfq sfd

ug{'kg{] ePdf s'g klxn] s'g bf];|f] ub{} ;a} sfd ug'{ x'G5 < / lsg To;f] ug{'x'G5 < egL;f]Wg'xf];\ .

� ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf s'/fx?;Fu k|;Fu ldnfpFb} ;ldltn] ;dfwfg ug{'kg{] ;d:ofx? w]/}x'g ;Sb5g\\, h;nfO{ lgDgfg''';f/ k|fyldsLs/0f ug{ ;lsg] hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\\ M

;q – 0f

58


k|fyldsLs/0fsf k|d'v cfwf/ M

� ;d:ofn] ;d'bfodf kfg]{ c;/ jf k|efj h:t} hGd d[To',

� ;d:of ;dfwfgaf6 ;d'bfonfO{ x'g] kmfObf,

� pknAw ;fwg ;|f]t,

� :yfgLo :t/af6 ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsg],

� ;ldlt cfkm}af6 ug{ ;lsg] cflb .

� k|fyldsLs/0f ug{] k|d'v cfwf/x?af/] hfgsf/L ePsf] :d/0f u/fpg'xf];\ / Go'hlk|G6dfePsf ;a} ;d:ofx?nfO{ k'gM b]vfpFb} lgDg k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

<<<<< ca s] ug{] <� ;d:ofx?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f ug{] eGg] egfO;Fu ;xdt x'g'xf];\ / tLg lbgsf] 5nkmnaf6

cfPsf ;d:ofx? / kl/sNkgfdf pNn]v ul/Psf s'/fx?nfO{ k|fyldsLs/0f ug{ nufpg'xf];\\ .� pbfx/0fsf nflu k|fyldstfdf kg{ ;Sg] ;d:ofx? lgDgfg';f/ x'g ;Sg]5g\ .

� ;ldltsf] lgoldt a}7s gePsf] .� cfufdL dxLgfdf dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+ ;]ljsfx?nfO{ lbg] hLjg hnsf] df}Hbft

gePsf] .� j8f gDa/ ! df w]/} jfnjflnsfx? vf]k ;]jf lng 5'6]sf .� ;ldltsf] a}7sdf :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] k|ult ;dLIff ug]{ gu/]sf] cflb .

� ;d:ofx?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f ug{'ePsf]df ;a}nfO{ wGojfb lbFb} k|fyldstfdf k/]sf;d:ofx?nfO{ s] ug{] < egL ;f]Wg'xf];\\ .

� sfo{of]hgf agfpg] eGg] ;xefuLx?sf] egfOnfO{ cem} Tof] cj:yf gcfO;s]sf] atfpg'xf];\/ Pp6f ;fgf] k|;Ë ;'gfpg'xf];\ .

Pp6f Jo:t ;8ssf] 5]pdf Pp6f ¿v /x]5 . a]nfa]nf af6f]sf] s'g} klg efuaf6 Tof]¿vsf] h/faf6 6'F;f] knfpg] /x]5 . o;n] ubf{ ofq'x?nfO{ cfjthfjt ug{ Jojwfg x'g]u/]sf] /x]5

� ca ;xefuLnfO{ lgDg k||Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

<<<<< o;/L h/faf6 af6f]df 6'F;f knfP/ cfpg' ;d:of xf] ls xf]Og <� ;xefuLsf] xf] eGg] egfO;Fu ;xdt xF'b} ca s] ug{] < egL k|Zg ug'{xf];\ .� ;xefuLsf] 6'F;f sfl6lbg] eGg] egfO;Fu ;xdt x'g'xf];\ / km]l/ af6f]sf] csf]{ 7fpFaf6 csf{]

6'F;f] knfP5 . ca s] ug{] < egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

;q – 0f

59


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

� ;xefuLsf] km]l/ klg sfl6lbg] eGg] egfO;Fu ;xdt x'Fb} k'g k|Zg ug'{xf];\ . af6f]sf] csf]{7fpFaf6 km]l/ csf{] 6'F;f] knfP5 . ca s] ug{] < / slxn];Dd sfl6/xg] < egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

� olb ;xefuLx?n] ¿v} sl6lbg] eg]df pQm egfO;Fu c;xdlt hgfpg'xf];\ / lgDg k|Zg;f]Wg'xf];\ .

� ;d:of af6f]sf] 5]pdf /x]sf] ¿v xf] ls af6f]df knfPsf 6'F;fx? xg\ <� af6f]df knfPsf 6'F;fx? x'g\ eGg] s'/f;Fu ;xdt x'g'xf];\ / ca s] ug{] < egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ .� d"n h/f] cyf{t ;d:ofsf] h8 sf/0f kQfnufP/ sf6\g] eGg] egfO;Fu ;xdt x'g'xf];\ /

lgDg s'/fx? atfpg'xf];\M

xfdLn] h] b]V5f} jf h] ;f]R5f} tL ;a} ;d:of gx'g klg ;Sb5g\ . ha;Dd ;d:ofsf] h8sf/0f klxrfg u/L sfd ul/Fb}g ta;Dd ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg x'g ;Sb}g .

� pbfx/0fsf nflu, lknf]sf] lvn glgsfn];Dd lk/f]ln/xg] t/ lvn lgsfn]df km]l/km]l/lknf] gcfpg] eGg] s'/f eGg'xf];\ / lgDg k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\ ,

<<<<< ca s] ug{]<� k|fyldsLs/0f ul/;s]sf ;d:ofx?sf] h8 sf/0f klxrfg ug{] eGg] egfO;Fu ;xdt

x'g'xf];\ / lgDg sfo{ ug{'xf];\ .� ;a}sf] ;xdltdf ;d:ofsf] h8 sf/0f klxrfg ug{ k|fyldsLs/0fdf k/]sf s'g} Pp6f

;d:of Go'hlk|G6df n]Vg'xf];\ .� lsg lsg ljlw k|of]u u/L h8 sf/0f klxrfg ug{ ;lsg] hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ .� ;fwf/0ftof lsg lsg ljlw % k6s;Dd ul/g] s'/f atfpg'xf];\ .� lsg lsg ljlw k|of]u u/L h8 sf/0f klxrfg ubf{ lgDg tLg k|sf/sf glthf÷kl/0ffd

cfpg ;Sg] af/] hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ .

� cfk\mgf] kxnaf6 ;dfwfg x'g ;Sg],

-a}7ssf] dxTj a'em]sf sf/0f ca lgoldt ;xefuL x'g] lg0f{o u/]sf]_

� cGosf] ;xof]udf dfq ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g ;Sg],

-ag pkef]Qf ;ldltaf6 sf7sf] Pp6f 6]a'n / Pp6f b/fh vf]k lSnlgssf nflu ;xof]ulnPsf] _

� ;dfwfg x'g g;Sg] . -o; cfly{s jif{leq lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{nosf] ;xof]udfpk:jf:Yo rf}sLdf PS;/] ldl;g h8fg u/L ;]jf ;'rf? ug{]_

� dflysf] pbfx/0f atfO{ ;s]kl5 hlxn] klg cfkm"af6 ;dfwfg x'g ;Sg] ;d:ofx?nfO{klxn] kxn ug'{kg{] s'/f hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ .

;q – 0f

60


� To;kl5 cGosf] ;xof]udf dfq ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g ;Sg] s'/fx?nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ kxnug{' kb{5 / h'g s'/fsf] ;dfwfg x'g} ;Sb}g jf ;Defjgf lgs} sd 5 To:tf ljifoj:t'jf ;d:ofnfO{ sd dxTj lbg'kg]{ s'/f atfpg'xf];\ .

� k|fyldsLs/0f eO;s]sf ;d:ofx?sf] h8 sf/0fx? klxrfg klg eO{;s]sf] hfgsf/Llbg'xf];\ / ca s] ug]{ < egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

� ;xefuLsf] sfo{of]hgf agfpg] eGg] egfO;Fu ;xdt x'g'xf];\ / k'gM lgDg k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\ .

<<<<< sfo{{of]hgf eg]sf] s] xf]nf <� ;xefuLn] eg]sf s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} sfo{of]hgfaf/] lgDgfg';f/ hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\M

s] sfd s;n] lsg s] s] ;|f]t h'6fO{ s;/L slxn];Dd ug]{ egL lglZrt 9fFrfdf tof/u/LPsf] vfsf g} sfo{of]hgf xf] . of] hlxn] klg eljZodf ug{'kg]{ sfdsf] nflu tof/ul/G5 .

� sfo{of]hgfaf/] hfgsf/L eP gePsf] olsg ub}{ ca s] ug]{ egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ .� ;xefuLx?af6 sfo{of]hgf agfpg] eGg] hafkm cfPdf ;xdt x'g'xf];\ / sfo{of]hgfsf]

ˆn]S;–0f ;a}n] b]Vg] :yfgdf em'08\ofO{ sfo{of]hgfsf] :j¿ksfaf/]df hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ .� ;xefuLx?nfO{ h8 sf/0f klxrfg ;lxtsf k|fyldsLs/0f ul/Psf jf:tljs ;d:ofx?sf]

;dfwfgsf nflu sfo{of]hgf agfpg ;xhLsf/0f ug{'xf];\ .� sfo{of]hgf Ps jif{sf] nflu agfpg ;xhLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .� tof/ ul/Psf] sfo{of]hgf Ps k6s k9]/ ;'gfpg'xf];\ / s]xL yk36 ug{'kg{] ePdf ;f] klg

ug{'xf];\ .� cGtdf tof/ ePsf] sfo{of]hgfsf] b"O{k|lt ptfg'{xf];\, Ps k|lt :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf kmfOn

u/L /fVg nufpg'xf];\ / csf{] k|lt lhNnf :jf:Yo jf hg:jf:Yo sfof{nodf a'emfpgcfk"m;Fu} lng'xf];\ .

� ;fy} casf lbgb]lv Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] s] slt sfo{ ug'{ eof] eGg] cg'udg oxLsfo{of]hgfaf6 ug{ ;lsg] s'/f klg eGg'xf];\ .

� sfo{of]hgfdf gk/]sf s'/f jf cGo ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu cufl8s} k|lqmof cg'¿k;ldltsf] dfl;s sfo{of]hgf agfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 eGg'xf];\ .

� k|To]s dxLgf ;ldltsf] a}7sdf 5nkmn kZrft b]lvPsf ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{o;} k|sf/n] sfo{of]hgf agfpg kg]{ s'/f ;xefuLnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ .

� ;qsf] d'Vo ;Gb]z d]6fsf8{ jf Go'hlk|G6df tof/ kf/L hfgsf/L u/fpg'xf];\ / ;q cGtug'{xf];\ .

;q – 0f

61


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

‘

‘d'Vo ;Gb]z

� cfkm"n] rfx]sf] cj:yf / xfnsf] cj:yfaLrsf] b"/LnfO{ g} ;d:of elgG5 .

� ;d:ofx?nfO{ k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df ;dfwfg ub}{ hfg'kb{5 .

� ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ hlxn] klg h8sf/0f klxrfg ug'{kb{5 .

� s'g} klg ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ sfo{of]hgf agfO{ u/]df To;sf] sfof{Gjogtyf cg'udg ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 .

� ;ldltn] k|To]s dxLgfsf] a}7sdf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ sfo{of]hgf agfP/sfd ug'{kb{5 .

d"NofÍg

� ;d:of eg]sf] s] x]f <

� k|fyldsLs/0fsf cfwf/x? s] s] x'g\ <

� sfo{{of]hgf eg]sf] s] xf]nf <

;q – 0f

63


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

;q-t_d"Nof°g

kf7sf] p2]Zo M� o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] tLg lbgsf] tflnddf 5nkmn ul/Psf ljifo j:t'x?

dfkg u/L k'gM hf]8 lbg'kg]{ ljifoj:t'x? klxrfg u/L k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ ;Ifdx'g]5g\ .

;do#) ldg]6

ljlw

tftf] cfn' v]n, dl:tis dGyg, k|:t'tLs/0f

;fdu|LGo'hlk|G6, Dffs{/, d"NofÍg k|ZgfjnL / pQ/x? plNnlvt Go'hlk|G6

;Gbe{ ;fdu|Ld"NofÍg k|ZgfjnL / pQ/x?

lqmofsnfk� ;xefuLx?nfO{ tLg lbgsf] 5nkmnaf6 s] slt 1fg / ;Lk xfFl;n ug{ ;Sg'eof] ;f]sf]

af/] 5f]6f] d"NofÍg ug{ nfu]sf] af/] caut u/fpg'xf];\\ .

� ;xefuLx?nfO{ tLg lbgsf] 5nkmndf s] s] ljifoj:t'x?df 5nkmn u¥of}+ egL k|Zgug'{xf];\\ .

� cfPsf pQ/x?nfO{ Go'hlk|G6df ptfg{'xf];\\ .

� ;xefuLx?nfO{ tftf] cfn' v]naf6 tflndsf] d"NofÍg ug{ nfu]sf] af/] hfgsf/L lb+b};xdlt lng'xf];\\ .

64


tftf] cfn' v]n� tLg lbgdf l;s]sf ljifoj:t'x? dWo]af6 ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf] kfgf g+= !#$ df pNn]v

ul/Psf gd'gf k|Zgx? dWo]af6 cfjZos k|Zgx? 5fGg'xf];\\ . ca Pp6f Go'hlk|G6dfPp6f k|Zg x'g] u/L k|Zgx?nfO{ Go'hlk|G6df ptfg{'xf];\\ .

� Pp6f k|Zg n]v]sf] Go'hlk||G6nfO{ csf]{ k|Zgn]v]sf] Go'hlk|G6n] a]b}{ hfg'xf];\ / sDtLdf;a} ;xefuLx?nfO{ k'Ug] u/L Go'hlk|G6df n]v]/ a]g{'xf];\ . o;/L a]b}{ hfFbf Pp6f kf]sftof/ x'g]5 .

� ;a} ;xefuLx?nfO{ uf]nfsf/ ?kdf pleg nufpg'xf];\ .

� s'g} aHg] vfnsf] ;fdu|L k|of]u u/L tfn ahfpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg'xf];\ .

� Pp6f dfs{/ ;xefuLx?sf]aLrdf 3'dfpg'xf];\\ / dfs{/sf] 6'Kkfn] b]vfPsf] JolQmaf6v]n z'? ug{'xf];\\ .

� tfnsf] nodf kf]sf l56f] l56f] Ps af6 csf]{df lbg nufpg'xf];\ .

� tfn aHg 5f8\g] lalQs} h;sf] xftdf kf]sf 5 p;nfO{ Pp6f kq vf]Ng nufO{ pStkqdf ePsf] k|Zgsf] pQ/ eGg nufpg'xf];\ . ;xefuLnfO{ pQ/ lbg sl7gfO ePdfcGo ;xefuLsf] ;xof]u lng ;lsg] s'/f atfpg' xf];\\ .

� o;}u/L ;a} kf]sf g;lspGh]n v]n hf/L /fVg'xf];\ .

� clGtd ;xefuLaf6 kf]sf] vf]Nbf e]l6Psf ;fdfg jf rLhnfO{ ;a};Fu af8\g nufpg'xf];\ .

� ;a}sf] kfnf] ;lsPkl5 wGojfb lbFb} v]n ;dfKt ePsf] hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\\ .

� ca ;xefuLx?nfO{ cf–cfˆgf] :yfgdf uP/ a:g cg'/f]w ug'{xf];\\ .

� v]naf6 d"NofÍg ubf{ s:tf] cg'ej eof] ;xefuLx?nfO{ ;f]Wg'xf];\\ .

� ;f/fFz ;lxt ;q ;dfkg ug'{xf];\\ . ‘

‘d'Vo ;Gb]z

;xefuLx?nfO{ tLg lbg;Dd 5nkmn ePsf ljifoj:t'x? k'gM hf]8 lbgsfnflu of] 5nkmn ul/Psf] xf] .

d"NofÍg

tftf] cfn' v]n v]Nbf pQ/ lbg ufx|f] ePsf] jf g;s]sf k|Zgx?sf] pQ/ o;d"Nof°gdf k'gM 5nkmndf NofOlbg] .

;q – t

65


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

tflndsf] ;f/;+If]k

kf7sf] p2]Zo M� o; ;qsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] tLg lbgsf] tflnddf 5nkmn ul/Psf d'Vo–d'Vo

ljifoj:t'x? ;f/;+If]ksf] ¿kdf hfgsf/L k|fKt u/L atfpg ;Sg]5g\\ .

;do#) ldg]6


;fdu|LGo'hlk|G6, Dffs{/, ;f/f+z plNnlvt Go'hlk|G6, tflndsf] p2]Zo plNnlvt Go'hlk|G6

;Gbe{ ;fdu|Ltflnd ;f/f+z

lqmofsnfk� ;xefuLx?nfO{ tLg lbg;Dd l;s]sf s'/fx?sf] d'Vo ;f/f+z af/] 5nkmn ug{ nfu]sf] s'/f

hfgsf/L u/fpg'xf];\\ .� ;xefuLx?nfO{ tLg lbg] tflndsf] p2]Zo plNnlvt Go'hlk|G6 b]vfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'xf];\\ .� oL p2]Zox? k|fKt ug{ tLg lbg;Dd ljleGg ljifo j:t'df 5nkmn ePsf] s'/f :d/0f

u/fpg'xf];\\ .� oL p2]Zox? k"/f x'g' eg]sf] g} lgwf{l/t tflndsf nIo k"/f x'g' xf] egL hfgsf/L

u/fpg'xf];\\ .� ca tflnd cjlwe/ 5nkmn u/]sf d'Vo–d'Vo a'Fbfx? plNnlvt Go'hlk|G6 k|:t't

ug'{xf];\\ .� o; tflnd kZrft ;Dk"0f{ ;xefuLx?n] l;s]sf 1fg / ;Lk k|of]u ub}{ :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf]

Joj:yfkgdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng'kg]{ s'/f cf}+Nofpg'xf];\\ .� tflnd ;qsf] cGtdf ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;"rLs[t u/L jflif{s sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/]sf] s'/f

:d/0f u/fpg'xf];\\ . ;fy} tLg aif]{ kl/sNkgfsf] klg lgdf{0f u/]sf] s'/f hfgsf/Lu/fpg'xf];\\ .

� ca k|To]s dxLgf dfl;s lgoldt a}7s a;L ;ldltn] pQm kl/sNkgf / sfo{of]hgfx?sf]k|ult ;dLIff u/L sfof{Gjogdf hf]8 lbg'kg]{ s'/f atfpg'xf];\\ .

� ca sfo{qmdsf] cGtlt/ cfO;s]sf] s'/f hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\\ / ;xefuLx?nfO{ cfˆgf]:jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkgsf lglDt ;'e]R5f k|s6 ub}{ ;qnfO{ ;dfkg ug{tk{m nfUg'xf];\\ .

;q-y_

-v08M @_

;Gbe{{ ;fdu|L

68


69


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

x:tfGt/0f k|lqmof af/] 5f]6f] hfgsf/Lg]kfn ;/sf/n] :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?af6 ax';+Vos hgtfn] ;'rf? ¿kdf u'0ffTds :jf:Yo;]jf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf cem k|efjsf/L agf];\ eGg] clek|fon] ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] l;4fGt tyf:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g / lgodfjnL cg';f/ :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? qmdzM :yfgLolgsfox?nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ub{} cfPsf] 5 . pQm x:tfGt/0f k|lqmof af/] 5f]6\s/Ldf hfgsf/L tnk|:t't ul/Psf] 5 M

x:tfGt/0f eg]sf] s] xf] <;fdfGo cy{df x:tfGt/0f eGgfn] dflyNnf] lgsfon] cfkm"df cGtlg{lxt sfd, lhDd]jf/L, clVtof/,;fwg;|f]t tyf ;"rgf cflb clVtof/ k|fKt ;DalGwt JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ lglZrt ;do cjlwsfnflu lbg] eGg] a'lemG5 .

clwsf/ lgIf]k0f s] xf] <s]Gb|n] :yfgLo :t/sf hg lgjf{lrt lgsfonfO{ ;+ljwfg jf sfg'gdfkm{t ;w+}sf nflu clwsf/;'Dkg] sfo{nfO{ a'emfpF5 .

x:tfGt/0f k|lqmof tyf clwsf/ lgIf]k0f lsg <x:tfGt/0f k|lqmof tyf clwsf/ lgIf]k0f sfo{ lgDg p2]Zo k|fKt ug{sf nflu ul/G5M

� hg ;xeflutfdf clej[lWb ug{ .� sfd l56f] 5l/tf] u/L glthf pGd'v u/fpg .� ;'zf;g sfod u/fpg .� pknAw ;fwg ;|f]t / ;]jfsf] Gofof]lrt tyf ;dfg'kflts ljt/0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg .� hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL tyf hjfkmb]lxtfs]f cf/De u/fpg .� hg rfxgf cg'¿ksf] gLlt lgdf0f{ u/L hgljZjf; cfh{g ug{ .� lbuf] ljsf;sf] yfngL ug{ cflb .

h;sf] kmn:j¿k ljkGg tyf ;dfhdf lk5l8Psf ju{, dlxnf, blnt, hghflt tyf dw]zL cflb;a}nfO{ ljsf;sf] d"nwf/df NofO{ ljsf;sf] k|ltkmnsf] k|ToIf cg'e"lt lbnfpg] ca;/ ldNb5 .

:jf:Yodf x:tfGt/0f lsg <:jf:Yo If]qdf x:tfGt/0f k|lqmof :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ pgLx?s} ;xeflutfdf u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo;]jf k|bfg ug'{ /x]sf] 5 . d'Vo u/L tnsf p2]Zox? k|fKt ug{ :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?nfO{ :yfgLolgsfodf x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] 5 M

� :yfgLo :t/sf ;d:ofx? :yfgLo :t/af6 g} klxrfg u/L ;dfwfg vf]Hg .

� klxrfg ul/Psf ;d:ofx?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f ug{ ;Sg] agfpg .

� :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ;'zf;gsf] ;'lglZrttf sfod u/L hgtfnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jfk'¥ofpg .

70


� :yfgLo :t/df pknAw ;fwg / ;|f]tsf] clwstd kl/rfng u/fpg .

� hg;xeflutf h'6fpg .

� :jf:Yo ;+:yf xfd|f] xf] eGg] efjgf :yfgLo hgtfdf ljsf; u/fpg cflb .

:jf:Yodf x:tfGt/0f s;/L <:yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ljlwjt\ ¿kdf cf=j= @)%(÷@)^) b]lv :yfgLo lgsfodf x:tfGt/0ful/+b} cfPsf] 5 . klxnf] r/0f cGtu{t cf=j= @)%(÷)^) df sGrgk'/, afFs], slknj:t',¿kGb]xL, sf:sL, eQmk'/, lrtjg, nlntk'/, dxf]Q/L, df]/+u, ;'G;/L / emfkf u/L !@ lhNnfsfpk:jf:Yo rf}sLx? x:tfGt/0f ul/P . To:t} xfn;Dd cGo !^ lhNnfx?sf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?u/L hDdf @* lhNnfsf !$## :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? x:tfGt/0f eO ;s]sf5g\\ . x:tfGt/0f;DkGg eP kl5 :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yffkg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{:jf:Yo dGqfno, :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefu, /fli6«o :jf:Yo tflnd s]Gb|n] cled'vLs/0f k|bfg ug{]Joj:yf ldnfpFb} cfPsf] 5 . x:tfGt/0f ul/Fbf /fli6«o tyf If]qLo :jf:Yo tflnd s]Gb|sfk|ltlglwx?, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltaf6 :yfgLo :jfoQ lgsfosf k|d'v, :yfgLo ljsf;clwsf/L jf k|ltlglw, lhNnf :jf:Yo÷hg:jf:Yo sfo{fnoaf6 k|d'v jf k|ltlglwx?, lhNnf:t/Lo ;/sf/L tyf cGo u}x|;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?, :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx? tyf :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf sfo{/tk|fljlwsx? ;xefuL x'G5g\ . x:tfGt/0f k|s[of cGt{ut ;j{k|yd lhNnf :t/df Ps lbg]cled'vLs/0f tyf P8ef]s];L uf]i7L ;~rfng ul/G5 . o; uf]i7Ldf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt,lhNnf hg÷:jf:Yo sfof{no nufot lhNnf :t/Lo ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfsfk|ltlglwx? ;xefuL x'G5g\\ . o; kl5 lhNnf :t/Lo b'O{ lbg] k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd x'G5 .To;} u/L :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldlt tyf :yfgLo :jf:Yo;+:yfsf k|fljlwsx?sf nflu b'O{ lbg] cled'vLs/0f uf]i7L ;~rfng ul/G5 . pQm cled'vLs/0fuf]i7Lsf] clGtd lbg :jf:Yo ;+:yfnfO{ :yfgLo lgsfodf x:tfGt/0f ug{] k|lqmof ;DkGgul/G5 . Pj+ k|sf/n] x:tfGtl/t :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf ;Dk"0f{ sfuhkqx? lhNnf :jf:Yo÷hg:jf:Yosfof{non] ;+sng u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ ljlwjt\ ¿kdf x:tfGt/0f u/L of] k|lqmof;DkGg ul/G5 .

x:tfGt/0f kl5sf] ck]Iffx? s:tf lyP <� ljlwjt\ ¿kdf :yfgLo :Jff:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] u7g eO{

:jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkgdf ;lqmo x'g]5 .� ;ldltsf] lgoldt ¿kdf dfl;s a}7s ePsf] x'g]5 .� :jf:Yo ;+:yf / ;d'bfosf :jf:Yosf ;d:ofx? lgoldt ¿kdf ;ldltsf] dfl;s

a}7sdf 5nkmn eO{ ;dfwfgsf nflu kxn u/]sf] x'g]5 .� ;ldltsf ;b:ox?nfO{ cfk\mgf] e"ldsf tyf lhDd]jf/L hfgsf/L eO{ ;f] cg'¿k sfd

ul//x]sf x'g]5g\ .� :jf:Yo ;]jf lj:tf/sf nflu :yfgLo ;|f]t ;fwgx? kl/rfng ug{ ;Ifd ePsf] x'g]5g\ .

71


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

� ;ldltsf] ;fy} :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] jflif{s sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f eO{ ;f] cg'¿k sfo{ ePsf]x'g]5 .

� ;]jfsf] kx'Fr ;a} ju{ ;d'bfodf k'u]sf] x'g]5 .� :jf:Yo ;+:yf xfd|f] xf] eGg] efjgf ;d'bfodf lj:tf/ eO{ :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 k|bfg

ul/g] ;]jfk|lt ;d'bfosf] ljZjf; / ckgTj a9\g]5 .� ;ldltaf6 :jf:Yo sfo{qmdx?nfO{ kf/bzL{ / k|efjsf/L agfpg lgoldt ¿kdf ;xof]uL

;'kl/j]If0f ul/Psf] x'g]5 .� :jf:Yo ;+:yfnfO{ lgoldt / Jojl:yt ¿kdf ;~rfng ug{ cTofjZos cf}iflw tyf

cf}hf/ pks/0fx?sf] Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] x'g]5 .� lhNnf :jf:Yo÷ hg :jf:Yo sfof{no tyf lh=lj=;= / uf=lj=;= tyf uf=lj=;= leq

ePsf :jf:Yo If]qdf sfd ug]{ cGo ;/sf/L u}x|;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx? aLr ;dGjo tyf;xof]u lj:tf/ ul/Psf] x'g]5 .

� :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 lbOg] ;]jf tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] cg'udg / ljZn]if0f u/L nIo cg';f/k|ult xfFl;n ug{ u/fpg cfjZos kxn ul/Psf] x'g]5 .

� :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgoldttf x'g] / sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfdsf] plrt d"NofÍgeO{ pTk|]/0ff hfUg]5 .

w]/} h;f] :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf]x:tfGt/0f kl5sf] cj:yf s:tf] /x]sf] 5 <

� ;ldltsf] dxTj yfxf gePsf] .� ;ldltsf ;b:ox?nfO{ cf–cfk\mgf] e"ldsf tyf lhDd]jf/L yfxf gePsf] .� w]/}h;f] ;ldltsf] lgoldt a}7s x'g] gu/]sf] .� kqfrf/ u/] klg w]/}h;f] ;b:ox? a}7sdf cfpg] gu/]sf] .� ;ldltsf ;b:ox?nfO{ :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 pknAw ;]jfx?af/] sd hfgsf/L ePsf] .� x:tfGt/0f k|lqmofaf/] ;d'bfonfO{ k|i6 hfgsf/L gePsf] .� :jf:Yo ;+:yf xfd|f] xf] eGg] efjgf ;d'bfodf cfO g;s]sf] .� ;ldlt tyf lhNnfaf6 ;xof]u ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udg sd ePsf] .� :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 pknAw ;]jfk|lt hgljZjf; sd ePsf] cflb .

72


:jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg ;'b[9Ls/0fsfo{qmd af/] 5f]6f] hfgsf/L:jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg ;'b[9Ls/0f sfo{qmdsf] k[i7e"ld

xfn @* lhNnfsf s'n !$## :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ x:tfGt/0f eP tfklg h'gp2]Zo lnP/ x:tfGt/0f ePsf] xf] ;f] cg'¿k sfd x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . o;} sf/0f :jf:Yo ;+:yf;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{ :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL Ifdtf clej[l4 sfo{qmdsf]cfjZostf 68\sf/f] ¿kdf dx;'; ul/Psf] 5 .

ljutdf ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfaf6 ;ldltsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 k|of;sf l;sfOx?nfO{ lnP/ /fli6«o:jf:Yo tflnd s]Gb|sf] cu'jfOdf g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd tyf cGo ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf];xof]udf tL x:tfGtl/t :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf ;ldltx?sf] Ifdtf clejl4 ug{sf lglDt of] sfo{qmdto ul/Psf] 5 . k|:t't sfo{qmd ljz]iftM x:tfGtl/t ;ldltnfO{ nlIft u/]/ tof/ kfl/P tfklgx:tfGt/0f gePsf] :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf ;ldltx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{' klg of] sfo{qmd plQs};fGble{s x'g] cg'ejn] b]lvPsf] 5 .

s'g} klg ;d'bfosf] :jf:Yo l:ylt /fd|f] agfpg To; ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf klg ckl/xfo{ x'G5 .:jf:Yodf :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] e"ldsfnfO{ dxTj lb+Fb} :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? ;d'bfodf x:tfGt/0fug]{ qmd hf/L 5 . x:tfGt/0f kl5 :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkgsf] lhDdf :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] sfFwdf cfPsf] 5 . :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyfJoj:yfkg ;ldlt, :jf:Yo ;+:yf / ;d'bfo b'a}sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L u7g ul/Psf] 5 .

;d'bfodf ToxfFsf] :jf:Yo l:ylt /fd|f] x'gsf] lglDt ;d'bfo / :jf:Yo ;+:yf aLrdf ;dGjo x'gcfjZos 5 . ;fdfGo efiffdf Tof] ;dGjo eg]sf] :jf:Yo ;+:yfn] ;]jf lbg] / ;d'bfon] ;]jflng]sf] aLrdf x'g'kg]{ sfo{ xf], Hf;sf] nflu :jf:Yo ;+:yf / ;d'bfo b'a}n] cf–cfˆgf] tkm{af6lhDd]jf/Lx? jxg ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . b'a} kIfx?af6 lgefpg' kg]{ e"ldsf tyf lhDd]jf/L eP gePsf]x]g]{ Pp6f s'g} lgsfo cfjZos x'G5 . pQm lgsfo clxn]sf] cj:yfdf :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfngtyf Joj:yfkg ;ldlt xf] . o; sfo{qmdn] d'Vo u/L :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg;ldltsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 u/L ;d'bfo / :jf:Yo ;+:yf aLrsf] ;dGjonfO{ alnof] agfpg] nIo/fv]sf] 5 . dfly plNnlvt cjwf/0ffnfO{ tnsf lrqdfkm{t cem k|i6 kfg{ ;lsG5 M

73


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo� ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] Joj:yfksLo Ifdtfdf clej[l4 ug{ .� :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg ;'b[9 ug{ .� :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 k|bfg ul/g] ;]jf tyf sfo{qmdx? Uf'0f:t/ / k|efjsf/L agfpg'sf ;fy}

;]jfsf] k|of]u b/ a9fpg .� :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ;'zf;g sfod ug{ .

:jf:Yo ;+:yfn] lgjf{x ug{'kg]{ e"ldsfM� cfjZos ;]jfx? k|bfg ug]{� ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] Joj:yf

ldnfpg]� tflnd k|fKt sd{rf/Lsf]

Joj:yf� cf}iflwsf] Joj:yf� cf}hf/ pks/0fsf] Joj:yf� :jf:Yo ;DaGwL k/fdz{ ;]jf� ;]jf ;DaGwL hfgsf/L

;d'bfon] lgjf{x ug{' kg]{e"ldsfM� ;]jfsf] pkef]u ug]{]� ;]jf lng hfg cGo

dflg;nfO{ pTk|]/0ff hufpg]� ;]jfaf/] ;d'bfodf dfu a9fpg]� :jf:Yo ;:yfsf] /]vb]v ug]{� :jf:Yo ;+:yfnfO{ cfjZos

;|f]tx?sf] hu]gf{ ug{ ;xof]uug]{

� :j:y cfgLafgL ckgfpg]

:jf:Yo:jf:Yo:jf:Yo:jf:Yo:jf:Yo

;+:yf;+:yf;+:yf;+:yf;+:yf;]jf

lbg]

;]jf

lbg]

;]jf

lbg]

;]jf

lbg]

;]jf

lbg]

;dGjo;dGjo;dGjo;dGjo;dGjo

;]jf

lng]

;]jf

lng]

;]jf

lng]

;]jf

lng]

;]jf

lng]

;d'bfo

74


o; sfo{qmdn] lnPsf] p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ Ps jif{sf] cjlwdf ljleGg sfo{x? k|lqmofut ¿kdf ug'{

kg]{ x'G5 . tL sfo{x?nfO{ tnsf] /]vf+Íg lrqåf/f k|i6 kfg{ ;lsG5 .

o; sfo{qmd cGtu{t z'?sf] tLg lbg] Ifdtf clej[l4 tflndsf] z'?jftdf ;ldltsf] xfnsf]cj:yfsf] ljZn]if0f ;xefuLd"ns 9+uaf6 ul/G5 . pQm ljZn]if0f kZrft\ tLg lbg] tflnddf:jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL cTofjZos 1fg / ;Lkx? k|bfg ul/G5 . tt\ kZrft\ jif{el/g} k|To]s dxLgf ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u ug{ k|fljlws ;xof]u e|d0f ul/G5 . tLg lbg]tflndsf] kfFr dxLgf kZrft k|yd ;dLIff uf]i7L /fvL ;ldltnfO{ yk 1fg / ;Lk k|bfg ul/G5 .k|yd ;dLIff uf]i7Lsf] kfFr dxLgf kZrft\ b;f}+ dxLgfdf bf];|f] ;dLIff uf]i7L /fvL yk 1fg / ;Lkk|bfg ul/G5 . cGtdf ;ldltsf] cj:yf sxfF k'Uof] egL ;xeflud"ns 9+un] sfo{qmdsf] d"NofÍgul/G5 . Ps jif{sf] ;doleq ;ldlt;Fu 5nkmn x'g] ljifoj:t'x? ;fwf/0faf6 qmdzM hl6nljifox?df k|j]z ug]{ u/L k|:t't ul/Psf 5g\ .

75


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

:j:y hLjgMæxfd|f] :jf:Yo xfd|f] lhDd]jf/LÆ

dfgj hLjgsf nflu :j:y z/L/ Hofb} dxTjk"0f{ 5 . olb xfdL :j:Yf eof+} eg] xfdLn] rfx]sfsfdx? h:t}M k9\g, v]tjf/Ldf sfd ug{, sfof{nodf sfd ug{, OR5f cg';f/sf] vfgf vfg /e|d0f ug{, ;fdflhs sfo{x? cflb ug{ ;S5f}+ . o;af6 dflg;nfO{ kl/jf/ / ;dfhdf Pscfk;df ldn]/ ;Ddfghgs hLjgofkg ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpF5 . dflg; :j:y ePdf dfq p;n]dfgj hLjgdf kfpg' kg]{ ;'v jf cfgGbsf] cg'e"lt ug{ ;Sb5 .

t/ olb s'g} sf/0fn] pm nfdf] cjlw;Dd la/fdL jf /f]uL ePdf p;n] rfx]sf] sfd ug{ ;Sb}g,vfg ;Sb}g, rfx]sf] 7fpFdf 3'Dg hfg ;Sb}g / ;w+} cfˆgf] /f]u / cfˆgf] z/L/nfO{ :ofxf/ ub}{dfclwsf+z ;do laTb5 . /f]u lgsf] kfg{ cfk"m;Fu ePsf] wg;DklQ klg v]/ hfG5 . k9\g / sfdug{ g;Sg] eP kl5 cfo cfh{g ug]{ sfd klg ug{ ;Sb}g . p;nfO{ 3/ kl/jf/ tyf ;dfhn] klgx]nfFsf] b[li6sf]+0faf6 x]g{ yfNb5g\ . oL ;Dk"0f{ sf/0fn] ubf{ pm hLjgb]lv lg/fz x'g yfNb5 .:j:y x'g'sf] oxL dxTjnfO{ Wofgdf lbP/ æ:jf:Yo g} wg xf]Æ / æof] ;+;f/df :j:y eP/ afFRg'h:tf] ;'v c? s]xL klg 5}gÆ h:tf egfOx? eGg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . :j:y eP/ lhpFbf x'g]kmfObfx? / la/fdL jf /f]uL eP/ afFRbf x'g] a]kmfObfx?nfO{ s]nfpFbf hf] sf]xL klg :j:yhLjgofkg ug{ rfxG5g\\ . ;a} hgtf :j:y eO{ cfˆgf] / ;dfhsf nflu klg pTkfbgd"nssfd ug{ ;s"g\ eg]/ ;/sf/n] klg :jf:Yo ;DaGwL ljleGg sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng u/]sf] x'G5 .xfd|f] g]kfndf klg ;/sf/n] cfˆgf] Ifdtfn] EofP;Dd ufpF3/;Dd pkrf/fTds, k|tLsf/fTds,k|j4{gfTds / k'g:yf{kgfTds :jf:Yo ;]jf lgMz'Ns k|bfg ul//x]sf] 5 . ;fy} xfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfgn] :jf:YonfO{ hgtfsf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ clwsf/sf] ¿kdf :jLsf/]sf] 5 .

dflg;n] s'g} s'/f rfx]/ To;} k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g . cfkm"n] rfx]sf] s'/f k|fKt ug{sf nflu p:fn]cfjZos sd{ ug'{ kb{5 . h:t}M xfdLn] xfd|f] v]taf/Ldf w]/} cGg pAhfpgsf nflu 7Ls tl/sfn]aLp, dn, hn, uf]8d]n ug'{ kb{5 . To;kl5 dfq rfx] h:tf] cGg pAhg] ;+efjgf x'G5 . To;}u/L xfdLn] :j:y z/L/ agfpg / afFRgsf nflu :j:y afgL Jojxf/ ckgfpg' kb{5 . To; kl5dfq z/L/ :j:y x'G5 .

Pp6f JolQm :j:y x'g ;j{k|yd t pm cfkm}sf] lhDd]jf/L x'G5 lsgeg] JolQm cfkm}n] :j:Yocfr/0f / Jojxf/ gu/];Dd :j:y x'g ;Sb}g . To;} u/L JolQmnfO{ cfjZos :jf:Yo ;]jf /;Nnfx k|bfg ug'{ :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] lhDd]jf/L x'G5 . To;}n] JolQm kl/jf/ jf ;d'bfosf] :jf:Yocj:yf /fd|f] ug{ ;d'bfo / :jf:Yo ;+:yf b'a}sf] lhDd]jf/L x'G5 . o;/L JolQm tyf kl/jf/n] ;]jflng], :jf:Yo ;+:yfn] ;]jf lbg] / ;d'bfon]] :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg u/]df dfq ;du|;d'bfosf] :jf:Yo :t/ ;'wf/ x'g ;Sb5 .

76


:jf:Yo ;+:yfdf pknAw ;]jfx?

g]kfn ;/sf/n] lhNnfeGbf tn tLg lsl;dsf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . tL tLglsl;dsf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? qmdzM k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|, :jf:Yo rf}sL / pk:jf:Yo rf}sL x'g\ .oL tLg} lsl;dsf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?af6 d'Vo u/L tLg lsl;dsf ;]jfx? k|bfg ul/G5 . tL tLg}lsl;dsf ;]jfx?nfO{ tnsf lrqåf/f k|i6 kfg{ vf]lhPsf] 5 M

pkrf/fTds ;]jfM/f]u nflu;s]kl5 /f]u lgsf] kfg{ lbOg] ;]jfnfO{ pkrf/fTds ;]jf elgG5 .h:t}M /tGwf] ePsf]nfO{ le6fldg "P" SofK;'n lbO{ pkrf/ ug'{, Hj/f]df l;6fdf]n lbg' /lgbfg kl5 cGo cf}iflw lbg' cflb .

k|j4{gfTds ;]jfMvfgkfg / hLjg z}nLdf ;'wf/ NofO{ eljiodf /f]u nfUgaf6 arfpg lbOg] ;]jf -h:t}Mk/fdz{, cfxf/÷ljxf/_ nfO{ k|j4{gfTds ;]jf elgG5 .

k|tLsf/fTds ;]jfM/f]u nfUgaf6 arfpg /f]u nfUg'eGbf cufl8 g} lbOg] ;]jfnfO{ k|tLsf/fTds ;]jf elgG5 .h:t}M vf]k ;]jf, le6fldg "P" SofK;'n ljt/0f

b|i6AoM pbfx/0fsf nflu le6fldgo'Qm vfgf vfg' k5{ eGg] ;Gb]z lbg' :jf:Yo k|j4{g xf], /f]ugnfuf];\ eg]/ le6fldg "P" / cGo le6fldgo'Qm vfgf vfg' /f]syfdsf] pkfo xf] eg] /tGwf] x'Fbf

le6fldg "P" SofK;'n lbP/ pkrf/ ug'{ pkrf/fTds ;]jf xf] .

pkrf/fTds

k|j4{gfTds

k|tLsf/fTds

77


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

To;}u/L vf]khGo /f]u jfnjflnsfdf gnfuf]; eg]/ ;a} Ps jif{d'lgsf jfnjflnsfn] vf]ksf] k"/fdfqf Ps jif{ gk'Ub} lbg' kb{5 eg]/ k/fdz{, ;Gb]z lbg] sfo{ k|j4{gfTds ;]jf xf], jfnjflnsfnfO{eljiodf /f]unfUgaf6 arfpFg Ps jif{leq k"/f dfqfdf vf]k ;]jf lbg' k|tLsf/fTds ;]jf xf] eg]wg'i6Íf/ x'Fbf PlG6l66fg; l;/d lbg' pkrf/fTds ;]jf xf] .dfly plNnlvt :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? dWo] ;a}eGbf tNnf] lgsfo pk:jf:Yo rf}sL xf] . pk:jf:Yorf}sLeGbf dflyNnf] txsf] :jf:Yo ;+:yf :jf:Yo rf}sL xf] eg] k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb| :jf:Yorf}sLeGbf dflyNnf] ;+:yf xf] . pk:jf:Yo rf}sL x'Fb} k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb| / lhNnf c:ktfn;DdPp6f k|]if0fk|0ffnL /x]]sf] x'G5 . pk:jf:Yo rf}sL ;a}eGbf tNnf] txsf] :jf:Yo ;+:yf ePsf] sf/0foxfF ljz]if u/L k|j4{gfTds / k|tLsf/fTds ;]jfx?sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'G5 eg] dflyNnf] :t/sf]:jf:Yo rf}sL / k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|x?df ;]jfx? qmdzM j[l4 x'Fb} hfG5 . oL tLg} lsl;dsf:jf:Yo ;+:yfx?df pknAw x'g] ;]jfx? af/] 5f]6\s/Ldf tn j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 .

pk:jf:Yo rf}sL

!= kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;]jf – s08d, l8kf], lkN;

@= vf]k ;]jfhGd]b]lv Ps jif{ d'lgsf jfnjflnsfnfO{ Vff]ktflnsf cg';f/ lgDg vf]kx? lbg' kb{5 M

� lj=l;=lh= -hGd]sf] ! jif{leq nufpg ;lsg] eP klg oyflz3|{ nufPsf] /fd|f]_ .� l8=lk=l6, x]k=la I, II, III -aRrf $% lbg k'ukl5 Ps Ps dxLgfsf] cGt/df tLg

k6s _ .� kf]lnof] yf]kf I, II, III (aRrf $% lbg k'u]kl5 Ps Ps dxLgfsf] cGt/df tLg k6s _ .� bfb'/f –aRrf gf} dxLgf k'u]kl5 .� hfkflgh OG;]kmnfOl6; - Ps jif{dfly b'O{ jif{d'lgsf jfnjflnsfnfO{ _ .� ue{jtL dlxnfnfO{ l6=l6= vf]k .� vf]k ;]jf ;Fu} plrt k/fdz{ lbg] .

#= kf]if0f ;]jf M� hGd]b]lv kfFr jif{;Ddsf jfnjflnsfsf] kf]if0fl:ylt kQf nufpg j[l¢ cg'udg ug]{ .� s8f s'kf]if0f ePsf jfnjflnsfnfO{ k|]if0f ug]{ .� s'kf]lift jfnjflnsfnfO{ le6fldg "P" SofK;'n lbO{ pkrf/ ug]{ .� ue{jtL, ;'Ts]/L ;fy} /Qm cNktf ePsf dlxnfx?nfO{ cfO/g rSsL ljt/0f ug{] .� ue{jtL dlxnfnfO{ h'sfsf] cf}iflw lbg] .� ;'Ts]/L dlxnfnfO{ $% lbgleqdf le6fldg …PÚ SofK;'n lbg] .� jif{sf] b'O{ k6s 5 dxLgfb]lv Ps jif{;Ddsf jfnjflnsfnfO{ le6fldg …PÚ SofK;'n tyf

Ps jif{b]lv kfFr jif{;Ddsf jfnjflnsfnfO{ h'sfsf] cf}iflw lbg] .

78


$= emf8fkvfnf M

� emf8fkvnf ePsf kfFr jif{d'lgsf jfnjflnsfnfO{ k'gh{nLo emf]naf6 / cfjZostfcg';f/ PG6Ljfof]l6saf6 pkrf/ lbg] .

� :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf cf]=cf/=l6= sg{/sf] Joj:yf ug]{ .� 3/]n' pkrf/nfO{ k|j¢{g ug]{ .� Hfl6n k|s[ltsf la/fdLnfO{ k|]if0f ug]{ .� k/fdz{ ;]jf k|bfg ug{] .� lhÍ rSsL

%= Zjf;k|Zjf; ;]jf M

� kfFr jif{ d'lgsf jfnjflnsfnfO{ Zjf; k|Zjf;sf] l:yltsf] n]vfhf]vf u/L lgwf{l/tdfkb08 cg';f/ pkrf/ ug]{ .

� k|]if0f eO{ cfPsf la/fdLsf] k|fyldstf cg';f/ pkrf/ ug]{ .� hl6n k|s[ltsf la/fdLnfO{ k|]if0f ug]{ .� 3/]n' pkrf/nfO{ k|j¢{g ug]{ .� k/fdz{ ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ .� sf]l6«d lk=

^= ;'/lIft dft[Tj M

� ue{jtL hfFr ;]jf – sDtLdf rf/ k6s� uef{j:yfdf l6=l6= ;'O{, h'sfsf] cf}iflw� cfO/g rSsL -tLg dxLgf k'u]kl5 ;'Ts]/L kZrft\ $% lbg;Dd_ hDdf @@%� ;'Ts]/L kZrft\ sDtLdf tLg k6s hfFr ug]{� le6fldg "P" SofK;'n lbg] .

� tf}n dfkg� ;'Ts]/L ;]jf – bIf :jf:YosdL{åf/f 3/}df ;'Ts]/L

&= cf}nf] tyf sfnfhf/

� Hj/f] cfPsf z+sf:kb JolQmsf] /St gd'gf ;+sng ug]{ .� /f]u lgoGq0f tyf pkrf/ ug{ cfjZos cf}iflw lbg] .� hl6n k|s[ltsf la/fdLnfO{ k|]if0f ug]{ .

79


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

� cf}nf] k|efljt If]qdf sL6gfzs cf}iflw 5s{g] sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

*= Ifo/f]u lgoGq0f sfo{qmd

� z+sf:kb JolQmsf] vsf/ ;+sng u/L k|of]uzfnfdf k7fpg] .� k|dfl0ft /f]uLsf] k|ToIf lgu/fgLdf pkrf/ ug]{ .� k/fdz{ ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ .

(= s'i7/f]u lgoGq0f sfo{qmd

� la/fdLsf] pkrf/ lgoldt / k"/f u/fpg] .� s'i7/f]uLsf] k'gM:yfkgf af/] hgr]tgf hufpg] .

!)= P8\;÷P;=l6=l8= ;]jf

� ;+qmd0f /f]syfdsf] nflu s08dsf] k|j¢{g ug]{ .� of}g/f]usf] lgbfg u/L dfkb08 cg'¿k pkrf/ ug]{ .� of}g /f]u tyf Pr= cfO=le=÷P8\; af6 aRg] pkfoaf/] hgr]tgf hufpg] vfnsf

sfo{qmd ug]{ .� k/fdz{ ;]jf lbg] .� k|]if0f ug]{ .

!!= dxfdf/L tyf b}jL k|sf]k lgoGq0f sfo{qmd

� dxfdf/L km}lnPdf lgoGq0f sfo{ z'? ug]{ / ;DaGwLt lgsfodf t'?Gt ;"rgf ug]{ .� k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf a]nf 36gf:yndf uO{ tTsfn} k|fylds ;]jf lbg] .� ;a}sf] ;xof]u lnO{ k|sf]k lgoGq0f sfo{ ug]{ .� Dfxfdf/L lgoGq0fsf nflu of]hgf agfpg] .

!@= ljBfno :jf:Yo lzIff sfo{qmd

� cfjZostf cg';f/ ljljw ljifoj:t'df ;d'bfodf :jf:Yo k|j¢{g sfo{qmd ug]{ .� :yfgLo d]nf , rf8kj{ cflbdf :jf:Yo k|bz{gL, emfFsL cflb k|bz{g ug]{ .� ;a} ljBfnodf :jf:Yo lzIff sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ .

!#= jftfj/0fLo ;/;kmfO sfo{qmd

� :jf:Yo ;+:yf jl/kl/sf] jftfj/0f ;/;kmfO ug]{ .� :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] xftf leq cfjZostf cg';f/ j[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ .� kmf]x/d}nfsf] Jojl:yt lj;h{gsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

80


� ;d'bfonfO{ rkL{ k|of]usf nflu k|]fT;flxt ug]{ .� Vffg]kfgLsf] d'xfg ;kmf / ;'/lIft /fVg hg;xeflutf h'6fpg] .

!$= k/fdz{ ;]jf

!%= k|fylds :jf:Yo ;]jf ufpF3/ lSnlgs sfo{qmd

� lSnlgs ;~rfng x'g] :yfg, ldlt / ;+Vof lglZrt u/fpg] .� lgoldt ¿kdf lSnlgs ;~rfng u/L ;"rLs[t ;]jfx? ;~rfng ug]{ .� uf=lj=;= :t/Lo kl/rofTds uf]i7L ;~rfng ug]{ .� ufpF3/ lSnlgs Jojl:yt ug]{ .

!^= dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+ ;]ljsf sfo{qmd

� cfdf;d"x u7g u/L dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsfsf] 5gf}6 u/fpg] .� dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsfsf] cfwf/e"t tyf k'g{tfhuL uf]i7L ;~rfng ug]{ .� dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsf sfo{qmdsf] rf}dfl;s ;dLIff ug]{ .� dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsfnfO{ ;"rLs[t cf}iflw tyf ;fdu|L pknAw u/fpg] .� dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsfnfO{ k|f]T;fxfg ug]{ .

!&= ;'8]gL sfo{qmd

!*= cfk"lt{ ;]jf

� cfjZos cf}iflw, cf}hf/, pks/0f, ;/;dfgx?sf] lgoldt cfk"lt{sf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .� vr{ eO{ hfg] / vr{ gx'g] ;fdu|Lsf] lhG;L lstfadf clen]v cBfjlws ug]{ .� cf}iflw tyf ;/;dfgsf] Jojl:yt e08f/0f ug]{ .� sfd gnfUg], w'Nofpg' kg]{ ;fdfg w'Nofpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .� cfsl:ds dfulaGb' / tf]lsPsf] df}Hbft kl/df0fnfO{ lgoldt ¿kdf sfod /fVg] .� klxnf] e08f/0f klxnf] lgsf;fsf] Joj:Yff ug]{ .

!(= pkrf/ ;]jf

� lgoldt ¿kdf alx/Ë;]jf ;~rfng ug]{ .� ;"rLs[t cf}iflw k|of]u u/L la/fdLsf] pkrf/ ug]{ .� k/fdz{ ;]jf lbg] .� cfsl:ds ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ .� hl6n la/fdLnfO{ k|]if0f ug]{ .

b|i6JoM ;fdfGo pkrf/ ;]jf -@@ k|sf/sf cf}iflw tyf ;fdu|L kfOG5g\_ .

81


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

@)= k|]if0f ;]jf

@!=clen]v k|ltj]]bg

� Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf kmf/d, /lhi6/, sf8{sf] k|of]u u/L ;Dk"0f{:jf:Yo sfo{qmdx?sf] clen]v /fVg] / lgwf{l/t ;doleq ;DaGwLt lgsfodf k|ltj]bgk7fpg] .

� /lhi6/, kmf/fd, sf8{x? Go"gtd tLg dxLgfsf nflu x'Fb} dfu ug]{ .� clen]vsf] cfwf/df tYofÍ ljZn]if0f u/L sfo{ k|ultsf] lgoldt cg'udg / of]hgf

th'{dfsf] nflu k|of]u ug]{ .

:jf:Yo rf}sLaf6 lbOg]

pk:jf:Yo rf}sLaf6 lbOg] ;a} / cGo yk ;]jfdfM� ;'/lIft dft[Tj – :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf k|;"lt ;]jf pknAw x'G5 .� cf}iflw tyf ;fdu|L – #@ k|sf/sf kfOG5g\\ .� kl/jf/ lgof]hg – g/KnfG6, cfO=o'=l8= ;]jf klg pknAw x'g ;Sb5 .

k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|

:jf:Yo rf}sL:t/sf ;a} / cGo yk ;]jfdfM� lrlsT;s ;]jf� k|of]uzfnf ;]jf – lb;f, lk;fj, vsf/, /ut, ue{jtL hfFr -lk;fjaf6_� cfsl:ds ;]jf -@$ ;} 306f_� cGt/Ë ;]jf – tLg j6f z}of k|;"lt ;]jfsf nflu Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'G5 .� kl/jf/ lgof]hg – cfO=o'=l8=, g/KnfG6, k'?if aGWofs/0f� k|;"lt ;]jf – @$ 306f ;'Ts]/L ;]jf, pks/0f k|of]u u/L k|;"lt ;]jf� cf}iflw tyf ;fdu|L – #% k|sf/sf kfOG5g\\ .

82


:jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg

lglZrt p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ pknAw JolQm jf j:t'nfO{ ;xL 7fpFdf, ;xL ;do, ;xL tl/sfaf6 /;xL dfqfdf pkof]u u/L rfFhf]kfFhf] ldnfO{ sfd ug'{ u/fpg' g} tfnd]n ldnfpg' xf] . tfnd]nldnfpg' eg]sf] g} Joj:yfkg xf] .

:jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 lbOg] ;]jfnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo agfpg / ;a} hgtfnfO{ ;]jf k|bfg ug{ :jf:Yo;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkgsf] cToGt dxTjk"0f{ :yfg x'G5 . To;}n] oxL s'/fnfO{ dWogh/ /fvL g]kfn;/sf/n] k|To]s :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] Joj:yfu/]sf] x'G5 . ;ldltnfO{ :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg ug{ lgDg Joj:yfkgsf If]qx? ;DaGwL;fdfGo 1fg x'g' cToGt cfjZos x'G5 .

:jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkgsf If]qx? ;DaGwL ;fdfGo 1fg� sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg

o; cGtu{t :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf b/aGbL cg';f/ sd{rf/Lsf] Joj:yf, :yfgLo ;|f]t kl/rfngu/L yk cfjZos sd{rf/Lsf] Joj:yf, sd{rf/L tyf dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+ ;]ljsfx?sf]sfdsf] d"NofÍg tyf pTk|]/0ff / k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf ug]{ cflb kb{5g\ .

� ef}lts k"jf{wf/ Joj:yfkg::jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] Joj:yfkg klg csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ Joj:yfkgsf] If]q xf] .:jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] ejg lgdf{0f, hL0ff]{4f/, sf]7fx? yk ug]{, uf]kgLotf sfod ug{ kbf{ tyfsf]7fsf] ljefhgsf] Joj:yf ug]{, :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] jl/kl/ ;/;kmfO, j/Lkl/ kvf{n lgdf{0f/ :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf nflu hUufsf] Joj:yf cflb s'/fx? o; cGtu{t kb{5g\ .

� cf}iflw Joj:yfkg:jf:Yo ;+:yfnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ cf}iflwx?sf] plrt Joj:yf ug'{ klg Pp6f dxTjk"0f{Joj:yfksLo sfo{ xf] . :jf:Yo ;+:yfnfO{ cfjZos kg{] cf}iflw cfjZos dfqfdf ePgePsf] / gePdf ;do ;dodf dfu jf vl/b ug{'kg{] s'/f o; cGt{ut kb{5g\ .

� cf}hf/ tyf pks/0f Joj:yfkg:jf:Yo ;+:yfnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ cf}hf/ pks/0fx?sf] Joj:yf cGtu{t cfjZos dfqfdfcf}hf/ pks/0fx? /x]sf] x'g'kg]{, tL cf}hf/ pks/0fsf] dd{t ;Def/ tyf gofF cf}hf/pks/0fx?sf] Joj:yf ug]{ / To;sf] plrt ;/;kmfOsf] Joj:yf cflb s'/fx? o;cGt{ut kb{5g\ .

� ;|f]t Joj:yfkg:yfgLo ;|f]t ;fwgsf] Joj:yf u/L :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] ;]jfnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo agfpg':jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfksLo sfo{ xf] .oL afx]s Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] cfjZostf cg';f/ c? s'/fx?sf] klg Joj:yfkg ug'{kb{5 . oL dfly plNnlvt s'/fx?sf] plrt Joj:yfkg ug{ ;ldltn] cfjZos of]hgfth'{df, To;sf] sfof{Gjog / cg'udg nufot ;dGjo÷;+rf/ sfod ug'{kb{5 .

83


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

:yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyfJoj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;+/rgf

:jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;a} hgtfsf] kx'Fr xf];\ / :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ Aojl:yt ug{ ;a} ;d'bfosf];xeflutf xf];\ eg]/ g} :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? ;d'bfodf x:tfGt/0f ePsf x'g\ . ;a}sf];xeflutfnfO{ hf]8 lbFb} xfnsf] :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;+/rgfnfO{klg ;dfj]zL agfpg] sf]l;; ul/Psf] 5 . ;ldltdf plNnlvt;a} ;b:ox?n] ljleGg;d"x÷;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ePsf] sf/0f hf]÷hf] h'g÷h'g ;d"xsf] k|ltlglwTj ug'{ x'G5,jxfFx?n] cf–cfˆgf] ;d"x÷;d'bfosf :jf:Yo ;d:ofx?nfO{ 5nkmndf Nofpg' kg]{ uxglhDd]jf/L x'G5 .

pbfx/0fsf lglDt dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+ ;]ljsfHo"n] cfkm\gf] cfdf;d"x / cGo jxfF h:t} :jo+;]ljsfHo";Fu :jf:Yo ;DaGwL 5nkmn u/L ;d:ofx?nfO{ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] a}7sdf Nofpg'kb{5 . To;} u/L ;ldltsf] a}7sdf 5nkmn e};s]sf] dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{ox? cf–cfkm\gf] ;d"x;d'bfodf cfjZostf cg';f/ hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{ x'G5 .

o;/L ;d'bfoaf6 :jf:Yosf ;d:ofx? ;+sng u/L Nofpg] / ;ldltsf] lgoldt dfl;s a}7sdf5nkmn u/L ToxfF ePsf lg0f{ox? k'gM ;d'bfodf k'¥ofpg] sfo{ lg/Gt/ u/]df :jf:Yodf;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf a9\g uO{ ck]lIft glthf xfFl;n x'g] x'G5 .

ljleGg txdf x'g] :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;+/rgf lgDg k|sf/ 5 M

:yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;+/rgf:jf:Yo rf}sL÷pk:jf:Yo rf}sL -uf=lj=;= l:yt_

!= :jf:Yo rf}sL /x]sf] uf=lj=;= sf] cWoIf===============================================================cWoIf

@= :jf:Yo rf}sL /x]sf] j8fsf dlxnf ;b:o=============================================================;b:o

#= :jf:Yo rf}sL /x]sf] uf=lj=;= sf] :jf:Yo If]q x]g]{ ;b:o=========================================;b:o

$= :jf:Yo rf}sL /x]sf] uf=lj=;= leqsf lzIf0f ;+:yfx?sf k|wfgfWofksx?

dWo]af6 uf=lj=;= af6 dgf]gLt Pshgf========================================================;b:o

% dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+ ;]ljsfx? dWo]af6 lhNnf hg:jf:Yo clws[tsf]

k/fdz{df uf=lj=;= n] dgf]gLt Pshgf=============================================================;b:o

^= hghflt / blnt ju{af6 sDtLdf Ps hgf dlxnf k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L :yfgLo :jf:Yo;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltaf6 dgf]gLt b'O{ hgf ;b:o ===================;b:o

&= k|ltli7t ;dfh;]jLsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L :jf:Yo rf}sL÷pk:jf:Yo rf}sL /x]sf] uf=lj=;=sf If]qaf6 uf=lj=;= af6 dgf]gLt Ps hgf dlxnf=======================================;b:o

*= :jf:Yo rf}sL k|d'v=====================================================================;b:o ;lrj

84


b|i6JoM!= uf=lj=;= :t/df :jf:Yo;]jf k|jfx ug]{ u}X;/sf/L tyf bft[;+:yfsf cfof]hgf / sfo{qmdsf

k|ltlglwx?nfO{ ;ldltsf] a}7sdf cfdlGqt ;b:o ¿kdf ;+nUg u/fpg ;lsg]5 .

@= uf=lj=;= :t/df :jf:Yo ;]jf k|jfxdf bf]xf]/f]kg gx'g] Joj:yfsf nflu klxn] ul7t:jf:Yo;Fu ;DaGwLt cGo ;ldltx? lj36g u/L tL ;ldltx?n] u/L cfPsf] sfo{ klg o;};ldltn] ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .

uflj; cWoIf

j8f dlxnf ;b:o uflj; ;b:o k|wfgfWofks d=:jf= :j+=;]=

hghflt ;b:o blnt ;b:o ;dfh;]jL ;b:o

:jf:Yo ;+:yf k|d'v

cWoIf ;b:o ;lrj

;b:o ;b:o ;b:o ;b:o

;b:o ;b:o ;b:o

85


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

:yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;+/rgfk|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb| -uf=lj=; l:yt_

!= k|f=:jf=s]= /x]sf] ;DaGwLt If]q -Onfsf_ sf] lh=lj=;= ;b:o ===========================cWoIf

@= k|f=:jf=s]= /x]sf] :yfgsf] :yfgLo uf=lj=;= sf lgjf{lrt dlxnf j8f ;b:ox?dWo]uf=lj=;= af6 dgf]gLt u/]sf] Ps hgf dlxnf ;b:o====================================;b:o

#= :jf:Yo If]q x]g]{ lh=lj=; ;b:o==========================================================================;b:o

$= k|f=:jf=s]= /x]sf] lgjf{rg If]qdf /x]sf Onfsfaf6 k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lh=lj=;= ;b:ox?

dWo]af6 lh=lj=;= n] tf]s]sf] b'O{ hgf==================================================================;b:o

%= k|f=:jf=s]= /x]sf] lgjf{rg If]qleqsf lzIf0f ;+:yfx?sf k|frfo{÷SofDk; k|d'v÷

k|wfgfWofksx? dWo]af6 lh=lj=;= af6 dgf]gLt Pshgf==========================================;b:o

^= k|f=:jf=s] /x]sf] uf=lj=;= sf dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+ ;]ljsfx? dWo]af6 lhNnf

hg :jf:Yo clws[tsf] k/fdz{df lh=lj=;= af6 dgf]gLt Pshgf===============================;b:o

&= hghflt / blnt ju{af6 sDtLdf Pshgf dlxnf k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L :yfgLo

:jf:Yo ;+:yf ;+rnfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltaf6 dgf]gLt b'O{ hgf ;b:o==================;b:o

*= k|f=:jf=s] /x]sf] lgjf{rg If]qleqsf k|ltli7t ;dfh ;]jLx?dWo]af6 lh=lj=;= af6

dgf]gLt Pshgf==========================================================================================;b:o

(= lhNnf :jf:Yo k|d'v÷hg :jf:Yo k|d'v==============================================================;b:o

!)= ;DaGwLt uf=lj=;= sf cWoIf============================================================================;b:o

!!= k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|sf k|d'v================================================================;b:o ;lrj

lhlj; ;b:o

lhlj; ;b:o lhlj; ;b:o lhlj; ;b:o k|wfgfWofks

blnt ;b:o ;dfh;]jL ;b:o lhNnf :jf:Yo k|d'v

:jf:Yo ;+:yf k|d'v

cWoIf ;b:o ;lrj

;b:o ;b:o ;b:o ;b:o

;b:o ;b:o ;b:o

d=:jf=:j+=;]=

hghflt ;b:o

;b:o

;b:o

uflj; cWoIf

;b:o

j8f dlxnf ;b:o

;b:o

86


b|i6JoM!= ;DaGwLt If]qsf /fli6«o ;ef tyf k|ltlglw ;efsf dfggLo ;b:ox?nfO{ lhNnfdf /x]sf

avt ;ldltsf] a}7sdf cfdlGqtsf] ¿kdf af]nfpg' kg]{5 .@= lh=lj=;= :t/df :jf:Yo ;]jf k|jfx ug]{ u}/;/sf/L tyf bft[;+:yfsf cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmdsf

k|ltlglwx?nfO{ ;ldltsf] a}7sdf cfdlGqtsf] ¿kdf ;+nUg u/fpg ;lsg]5 .#= lh=lj=;= :t/df :jf:Yo ;]jf k|jfxdf bf]xf]/f]kg gx'g] Joj:yfsf nflu klxn] ul7t

:jf:Yo;Fu ;DaGwLt cGo ;ldltx? lj36g u/L tL ;ldltx?n] u/L cfPsf] sfo{ klg o;};ldltn] ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .

$= lgjf{lrt kbflwsf/L gePsf] cj:yfdf bkmf ( cg';f/sf] ;b:o -lhNnf :jf:Yo k|d'v÷lhNnfhg :jf:Yo k|d'v_ ;ldltsf] cWoIf x'g]5 .

:jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf dgf]gLt kbflwsf/Lx?sf] kbfjlw tyfcasfz ;DaGwL Joj:yf o; k|sf/ 5 M

:yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf dgf]lgt ;b:ox?sf] kbfjlw tLgjif{sf] x'g]5 . dgf]gLt ePsf] t];|f] jif{sf] r}q d;fGtdf kbfjlw ;dfKt x'g]5 . Kfbfjlw;dfKt ePsf ;b:onfO{ k'g M csf]{ Ps k6ssf nflu ;b:odf dgf]gLt ug{ ;lsg]5 .

;ldltsf dgf]gLt ;b:ox?sf] ;b:otf b]xfosf cj:yfx?df sfod /xg] 5}g M� ;ldltsf] a}7sdf lagf;"rgf lagfsf/0f nuftf/ kfFr k6s;Dd cg'kl:yt ePdf

;ldltn] lg0f{o u/L lghnfO{ ;b:oaf6 x6fpg dgf]gLt ug]{ lgsfodf l;kmfl/; ug{;Sg]5 .

� ;b:on] cfk\mgf] kbaf6 lbPsf] /flhgfdf :jLs[t ePdf .� ;+:yfsf] p2]Zo k|flKtdf k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ u/L cfr/0f jf Jojxf/ u/]df .� Af;fOF ;/fO eO{ cGoq -sfo{If]q aflx/ _ uPdf .� k|rlnt sfg'gn] ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f ul//xg cof]Uo 7xl/Pdf .

87


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

:yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyfJoj:yfkg ;ldltsf] e"ldsf tyflhDd]jf/L

:yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?dfk{mt k|bfg eO/x]sf ljleGg ;]jfx? ce}m k|efjsf/L, u'0f:t/Lo /

lgoldt agfO{ ;d'bfosf ;a} ju{ / If]qdf :jf:Yo ;]jfsf]

kx'Fr / pkef]u a9fpg :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf

Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] lgDg e"ldsf tyf

lhDd]jf/Lx? lgjf{x ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .

sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg� :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf b/aGbL cg';f/ k"/f sd{rf/L eP

gePsf] x]g]{ .� cfjZostf cg';f/ sfh, tflnd, uf]i7Ldf k7fpg]� sd{rf/Lsf] ;ft lbg;Ddsf] labf :jLs[t ug]{ /

To; eGbf a9L labfsf] xsdf l;kmfl/;;fy lh=lj=;= df k7fpg] .� cfGtl/s ;|f]t ePdf cfjZostf cg';f/ yk

sd{rf/Lsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .� sd{rf/Lsf] sfdsf] d"NofÍg u/L k|f]T;fxfg ug]{

Joj:yf ldnfpg] .� dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+ ;]ljsfnfO{ k|f]T;fxfg ug]{ .

ef}lts k"jf{wf/� pknAw ef}lts ;DklQ -3/ hUuf, vfg]kfgL, rkL{,

lah'nL, kmlg{r/ cflb_ sf] ;+/If0f tyf plrtpkof]usf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

� dfly plNnlvt ef}lts ;DklQ ck'u ePdf ltgsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .� dlxnf tyf jfnjflnsfsf nflu uf]kgLotf sfod ug{ :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf 5'6\6} hfFRg]

sf]7fsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .� :jf:Yo ;+:yf jl/kl/ ;/;kmfOsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .� ufpF3/ tyf vf]k lSnlgssf nflu cfjZos :yfg

pknJw u/fpg] .

cf}iflw÷pks/0f� :jf:Yo ;+:yf, ufpF3/ lSnlgs, vf]k lSnlgsaf6

lbOg] ;]jfsf nflu cfjZos cf}iflw pks/0f eP

88


gePsf] olsg u/L cefj ePdf pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .� pknAw cf}iflwsf] e08f/0fsf nflu plrt Joj:yf ldnfpg] .� :Jff:Yo ;:yfdf lgoldt ¿kdf cf}iflw cfk"lt{sf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .� cf}iflw vr{sf] kmfF6jf/L b}lgs ¿kdf cBfjlws ug]{ ÷u/fpg] .� cfkt\sfnLg cj:yf tyf dxfdf/Lsf nflu hu]8f cf}iflwsf] tyf pks/0fsf] Joj:yf

ldnfpg] .

:f|f]t kl/rfng� :f +:yfsf] cfDbfgL

lgoldt ¿kdf;ldltsf] vftfdfhDDff ug]{ Joj:yfldnfpg] .

� :jf:Yo :f+:yf ePsf]uf= lj= ;= leqePsf cGo ;+:yfx?h:t } ljleGgu}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?,uf= lj= ;=,;fd 'bf los jg,:yfgLo Sna cflbdf;Defljt ; | f ]tklxrfg ug]{ .

� cfktsfnLg cj:yf-k|sf]k, dxfdf/L_ dfuf=lj=;= leq ePsf jf aflx/af6 ;d]t dfgjLo ;|f]t / cGo ;|f]tsf] vf]hL ug]{ / plrtkl/rfngsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

of]hgf÷sfof{Gjog÷cg'udgM� nlIft hg;+Vof ;+DaGwL ;"rgf ;+sng ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg] .� ;]jf ;j{;'ne agfpg k|fyldstf If]q tf]Sg] .� pknAw ;]jf hg;d'bfo;Dd k'u] gk'u]sf] olsg ug]{ .� ;d'bfoaf6 cfPsf u'gf;f jf ;'emfjnfO{ ;d]6L ;dfwfgsf lgldQ kxn ug]{ .� ljz]if :jf:Yo sfo{qmdx?nfO{ k|fyldsLs/0f ubf{ ljz]if Wofg lbg] -h:t} kl/jf/ lgof]hg,

;'/lIft dft[Tj, vf]k;]jf, kf]if0f ;]jf , Ifo/f]u, s'i7/f]u ;]jf cflb_ .

89


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

� ;~rflnt sfo{qmdx?sf] lgoldt cg'udg ug{] .� lgoldt ¿kdf of]hgf agfO{ ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ .

;+rf/, ;dGjo / ;xof]u M� :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ;ldltsf] lgoldt dfl;s a}7s ug{] .� ;ldltsf ;b:ox? aLr Ps cfk;df /fd|f] ;+DaGw agfpg] .� dfl;s a}7s jf cGo cfsl:ds a}7s a:g' kbf{ ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox?nfO{ kqfrf/ ug{] .� cf}iflw, ;/;dfg, cf}hf/, sd{rf/L jf cGo cfjZos ;xof]usf nflu lhNnf :jf:Yo,

hg:jf:Yo jf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;Fu ;dGjo ug]{ .� uf=lj=;= leq ePsf ;Dk"0f{ :jf:Yo ;Fu k|ToIf jf cKf|ToIf ¿kdf ;DaGwLt ;+3 ;+:yfx?

;Fu ;dGjo u/L :jf:Yo sfo{qmdx?nfO{ a9L k|efasf/L agfpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

;'zf;gM� ;+:yfsf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg] .� jif{df Ps k6s afXo n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg] .� ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f sDtLdf jif{sf] Ps k6s u/fpg] .� :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf gful/s a8fkqsf] Joj:yf ug{] .� :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f ug{] .

90


a}7s

kl/roMa}7s eGgfn] ;d'bfo tyf ;+3;+:yfsf ;DaGwLt JolQmx?a;]/ ljBdfg ;d:ofx?; 'Nemfpg jf lglZrtljifoj:t'x?df 5nkmn u/Ls'g} 7f]; lg:sif{ lgsfNg] sfo{eGg] a'lemG5 . sfo{qmd cg';f/a}7s lgoldt tyf cfjZostfcg';f/ ug{ ;lsG5 .

lglZrt z/L/sf] :j¿ksf nflu d]?b08sf] cfjZostf ePh:t} :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] d]?b08 eg]sf]Joj:yfkg ;ldlt xf] . To;}u/L, z/L/nfO{ hLjGt /fVg z/L/sf k|To]s c+u c+udf z'Wb /utk7fpg tyf x/]s c+u c+udf ePsf] cz'Wb /ut NofP/ z'WbLs/0f ug{ kmf]S;f]df k7fpg h;/Ld'6'n] dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ u/]sf] x'G5 To;/L g} ;lqmo Joj:yfkg ;ldlt agfpg / ;ldltsf sfo{x?Jojl:yt ug{sf nlu a}7sn] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ub{5 .

;ldltsf] lgoldt a}7sdf ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] cf–cfˆgf] ;d'bfoaf6 :jf:Yo ;DaGwL ;d:ofx?;+sng u/L /fVg'kg]{ x'G5 eg] a}7sdf lg0f{o ePsf s'/fx?nfO{ k]ml/ ;d'bfo;Dd k'¥ofpg'kg]{x'G5 .

a}7ssf k|lqmofx?MlglZrt k|lqmofx? k'¥ofP/ a}7s a:g' kb{5 . ;dfGotM a}7s k|lqmofnfO{ lgDg tLg r/0fdfljefhg u/L a'em\g ;lsG5 M

!_ a}7ssf] k"j{ tof/L

@_ a}7s ;~rfng

#_ a}7s kl5

a}7s k|lqmofaf/] tn lj:t[t ¿kdf j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 M

91


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

a}7s ;~rfng k|lqmofa}7ssf] k|lqmof a}7s ;~rfng ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx?

!= a}7ssf] k"j{ tof/L !=! k"j{ ;"rgfM a}7s x'g'eGbf tLg lbg cufl8 kq jf cGodfWodaf6 ;ldltsf ;b:ox?nfO{ -a}7s a:g] ldlt,;do, :yfg / 5nkmnsf] ljifo af/]_ hfgsf/L lbPsf]x'g'kb{5 .

!=@= a}7s k'l:tsfM a}7ssf] lg0f{o Pj+ pkl:yltsf] clen]v/fVg] a}7s k'l:tsf /fv]sf] x'g'kb{5 .

!=# 5nkmnsf ljifox?sf] tof/LM a}7ssf nflucfjZos 5nkmnsf ljifox? k"j{ lgwf{l/t x'g'kb{5 .

@= a}7s ;~rfng @=! ;xefuLx?sf] a:g] Joj:yfM a}7s :yfgdf;b:ox? ;dfg'kflts / ;lhnf];Fu a;]sf] x'g'kb{5 .

@=@ pkl:ylt ;+VofM a}7sdf ;b:ox?sf] pkl:ylt %! Üjf o; eGbf a9L /x]sf] x'g'kb{5 .

@=# k|ult ;dLIffM a}7sdf cl3Nnf] a}7sdf ePsflg0f{ox?sf] k|ult ;dLIff x''g'kb{5 .

@=$ ;b:ox?sf] ;xeflutfM a}7sdf ;a} ;b:ox?nfO{kfn}kfnf] cf–cfˆgf] egfO /fVg] df}sf lbOg' kb{5 .

@=% lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;xeflutfM a}7sdf pkl:yt dlxnf/ blnt ;b:ox?n] cfˆgf egfOx? /fv]sf] / pQmegfOnfO{ lg0f{o k|lqmofdf dxTj lbPsf] x'g'kb{5 .

@=^ lhDd]jf/L afF8kmfF8M sfo{of]hgfdf plNnlvt sfo{x?ug{ PseGbf a9L ;b:ox?nfO{ lhDd]jf/L tf]lsPsf]x'g'kb{5 .

@=& dfl;s k|ult ;dLIffM :jf:Yo;+:yfaf6 ut

dxLgfdf ul/Psf] sfo{qmdsf] k|ult ;dLIff ug{'kb{5 .@=* cfufdL sfo{qmdx?sf] hfgsf/LM :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf

k|d'v jf cGo sd{rf/Laf6 cfufdL dxLgfdf x'g] :jf:Yo;DaGwL sfo{qmd af/] hfgsf/L lbg'kb{5 .

@=( clen]v /fVg] tl/sfM a}7ssf lg0f{ox? a'bfFut ¿kdfsfo{of]hgfsf] :j¿kdf clen]v /fVg'kb{5 .

@=!)cfufdL a}7sM cfufdL a}7ssf lglDt ldlt / ;dotf]s]sf] x'g'kb{5 .

@=!! j}7s tf]lsPsf] 7Ls ;dodf z'? u/]/ 7Ls ;dodf g}cGt u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 .

#= j}7s kl5 #=! cWoIf jf ;b:o ;lrjn] sfo{of]hgfdf tf]lsPsf]lhDd]jf/ JolQmnfO{ sfdsf] cj:yfaf/] ;f]Wg] u/]sf]x'g'kb{5 .

#=@ sfo{of]hgfdf to u/]sf] sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ lhDd]jf/JolQmnfO{ cGo ;b:ox?n] cfjZostf cg';f/ ;xof]uu/]sf] x'g'kb{5 .

92


:yfgLo :jf:Yo :f+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg;ldltsf sfo{x?sf] :jd"Nof°g

:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% cg';f/ :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ug]{lhDd]jf/L :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ lbOPsf] 5 . :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] k|efjsf/L tl/sfn] Joj:yfkg ug{;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] ljleGg kIfx?df Wofg k'¥ofpg' kg]{x'G5 . o;sf nflu ;ldltn] lgoldt¿kdf a}7s u/L cfkm"n] ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?, :jf:Yo ;+:yfn] lbg' kg]{ ;]jfx? / ;d'bfosf] :jf:YocfjZostfsf] cj:yfnfO{ lgoldt ¿kdf n]vfhf]vf ug'{ kb{5 . o;/L n]vfhf]vf ubf{ cfkm"n]u/]sf ;an / sdhf]/ kIfx?sf] klxrfg u/L sdhf]/ kIfx?nfO{ ;'wf/ ug{ sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/LTo; cg';f/ sfof{Gjog ug'{ kb{5 . ;ldltn] cfkm"n] ul//x]sf sfo{x?sf] cfkm} d"NofÍg ug]{kl/kf6L a;fpg ;s] :yfgLo txdf g} ToxfFsf jf:tljs ;d:ofx?sf] cj:yf klxrfg x'g;Sb5 . To;}u/L pQm kl/kf6Laf6 :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] cfjZostfklxrfg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtfdf clej[l4 x'g uO{ sfo{qmddf lbuf]kg Nofpg ;lsG5 .

� :jd"NofÍg eGgfn] hf] sf]xL÷;ldltn] Pp6f lglZrt cjlwdf cfkm}n] u/]sf] sfd rfx]h:tf] eof] jf ePg egL cfkm}n] n]vfhf]vf ug{' eGg] a'lemG5 .

� of] s;}sf] uNtL jf sdLsdhf]/L kQfnufO{ b08 hl/jfgf ug{sf nflu ul/Fb}g .� a? o;n] ;ldltn] u/]sf /fd|f tyf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ s'/fx?nfO{ klxrfg ug{] ca;/ k|bfg

ub{5 .� /fd|f sfdx?nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] tyf sdL sdhf]/Lx?nfO{ ;'wf/ ub{}hfg] ca;/sf]

¿kdf lnOg'kb{5 .

k/Dk/fut ¿kdf o:tf] n]vfhf]vf aflx/sf ;'kl/j]Ifsx? cfP/ ug]{ ul/G5 . o;/L aflx/L;'kl/j]Ifsaf6 ul/g] n]vfhf]vf k|lqmofn] c?df e/ kg]{ k|j[lQsf] ljsf; x'G5 / 5f]6f] e|d0faf6;xL d"NofÍg x'g klg ;Sb}g . To;}n] cfhef]ln sfo{sf] n]vfhf]vf :jo+ cfkm}n] ug]{ k|lqmofsf]ljsf; e}/x]sf] 5 . o; k|lqmofdf z'?sf] cj:yfdf ;xhstf{sf] d2taf6 ;ldltsf ;a} ;b:ox?;fd"lxs ¿kdf a;]/ cfkm"n] ul//x]sf sfo{x?sf] n]vfhf]vf tyf ;dLIff cfkm}n] ul/G5 . o;k|lqmofdf eljiodf ;'wf/ ug'{ kg]{ kIfx?sf] klxrfg u/L k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df To:tf kIfx?nfO{;'wf/ ug{ sfo{of]hgf agfO{ sfof{Gjog ul/G5 . of] k|lqmof lgoldt ¿kdf ub}{ u/]df kl5;xhstf{sf] ;xof]u ljgf klg ;ldltsf ;b:ox? cfkm}n] cfˆgf] ;dLIff ug{ ;Sb5g\\ .

;ldltsf sfo{x?sf] d"NofÍg ug{' kg{] s'/fnfO{ lgDg tLg If]qdf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 M!_ ;+:yfut Ifdtf / ;ldltsf] ;zQmLs/0f@_ :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg#_ :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] cj:yfoL af/] tn lj:t[t ¿kdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

93


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

:yfgLo :jf:Yo :f+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] u/]sf sfo{x?sf]:jd"NofÍg

:jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] gfdM =================================================;dLIff u/]sf] ldltM ====================================

s_ ;+:yfut Ifdtf / ;ldltsf] ;zQmLs/0f

b|i6JoM!_ /fd|f] M k|fKtfÍ !# b]lv !&@_ 7Ls} M k|fKtfÍ * b]lv !@#_ sdhf]/ M k|fKtfÍ & jf To; eGbf sd

;= -!_ -)_ ! ut 5 dxLgfdf ;ldltsf] a}7s lgoldt ePsf]

@ a}7sdf %! Ü jf To; eGbf a9L pkl:yt x'g] u/]sf]

# ;b:ox? a}7sdf 7Ls ;dodf cfpg] u/]sf]

$ ;ldltsf] dfl;s a}7ssf] lglDt lglZrt ldlt / ;do tf]s]sf]

% Dflxnf tyf lk5l8Psf] ;d'bfosf k|ltlglwx? a}7sdf lgoldt ¿kdf pkl:yt x'g] u/]sf]

^ Dflxnf tyf lk5l8Psf ;d'bfosf k|ltlglwx?n] cfk\mgf] ;d'bfosf :jf:Yo ;d:of /fv]sf] / pQm ;d:ofx?nfO{ lg0f{o k|lqmofdf dxTj lbOPsf]

& ax'dt ;b:ox?n] cf cfkm\gf] ;d'bfoaf6 :jf:Yosf ;"rgf a}7sdf Nofpg] / a}7ssf lg0f{ox? ;d'bfo;Dd k'¥ofpg] u/]sf]

* lg0f{ox? a'Fbfut ¿kdf sfo{of]hgfsf] :j¿kdf n]Vg] u/]sf]

( cl3Nnf] dxLgfsf] sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udg ug{] u/]sf]

!) ut cfly{s jif{sf] jflif{s k|ult ljj/0f ;a}n] b]Vg] :yfgdf 6fF; u/]sf]

!! cl3Nnf] a}7ssf] k|ult ;dLIff ;ldltsf] dfl;s a}7sdf lgoldt ¿kdf 5nkmn x'g] u/]s]f

!@ a}7sdf p7]sf ljifoj:t' ;dfwfgsf nflu PseGbf a9L ;b:onfO{ lhDd lbg] u/]sf]

!# ;ldltsf] jflif{s sfo{of]hgf agfPsf] / ;a}n] b]Vg] :yfgdf 6fF; u/]sf]

!$ ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] kmf]6f];lxtsf] gfdfjnL af]8{ :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ;a}n] b]Vg] :yfgdf 6fF; u/]sf]

!% ;ldltsf ;b:ox?nfO{ cfk\mgf] e"ldsf tyf lhDd]jf/Lx? Yffxf ePsf]

!^ ;ldlt ljlwjt\ ¿kdf -lgb]{lzsf cg';f/_ u7g ePsf]

!& ;ldltsf] cfk\mgf] n]]6/Kof8 / 5fk agfPsf]

HfDdf

qm=;=

;"rsx? 55555 5}g5}g5}g5}g5}g-!_ -)_-!_ -)_-!_ -)_-!_ -)_-!_ -)_

94


qm=;=

;"rsx? 5 -!_

5}g -)_

! :jf:Yo ;+:yfleq tyf aflx/sf] jftfj/0f ;kmf / Jojl:yt /fv]sf] .

@ cfjZostf cg';f/ ef}lts k"jf{wf/ -ejg, sf]7f, k|tLIffno, kfgL, lah'nL, rkL{, kmlg{r/ cflb_sf] Joj:yfkg u/]sf] .

# :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf b/aGbL cg';f/sf] sd{rf/Lsf] Joj:yfkg u/]sf] .

$ :jf:Yo ;+:yfnfO{ Jojl:yt ¿kdf ;+rfng ug{ cfjZos cf}iflwsf] cfk"lt{ ug]{ u/]sf] .

% :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf cfjZos kg{] cf}hf/ tyf pks/0fx? Joj:yfkg u/]sf] .

^ Uff=lj=;= tyf cGo lgsfoaf6 :jf:Yo sfo{qmdsf nflu ;|f]t kl/rfng u/]sf] .

& sfof{no ;do cg';f/ -!) b]vL $ jf % ah];Dd_ :Jff:Yo ;+:yf vf]Ng] Joj:yf u/]sf] .

* ;ldltn] :jf:Yo ;+:yfnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ;'kl/j]If0f of]hgf agfPsf] .

( ;ldltåf/f of]hgf cg';f/ :jf:Yo ;+:yfnfO{ ;xof]u / ;'kl/a]If0f{ ug]{ u/]sf] .

!) ;ldltn] ufpF3/ tyf vf]k lSnlgsdf ;xof]u ug{ ;'kl/j]If0f of]hgf agfPsf] .

!! ;ldltn] ufpF3/ tyf vf]k lSnlgsdf ;xof]u ug{ ;'kl/j]If0f of]hgf cg';f/ ug]{ u/]sf] .

!@ ;ldltn] cfkm"n] u/]sf sfdsf] lglZrt k|lqmof ckgfO{ cfkm}n] ;dLIff ug{ ;Ifd ePsf] / ug]{ u/]sf] .

!# ;ldltn] sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfdsf] d"NofÍg u/L k|f]T;fxfg ug]{ u/]sf] .

!$ ;ldltaf6 dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+ ;]ljsfsf] sfdsf] d"NofÍg u/L k|f]T;fxfg ug{] u/]sf] .

!% ;ldltn] uf=lj=;=, lh=lj=;=, hg:jf:Yo, jf cGo lgsfo;Fu sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ;+rfng ug{ ;dGjo ug]{ u/]sf] .

!^ ;ldltn] dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+ ;]ljsfnfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u ug]{ u/]sf] .

!& ;ldltn] ljleGg If]qsf] ;'kl/j]If0f kZrft\ b]lvPsf /fd|f tyf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ s'/fx?nfO{ ;ldltsf] dfl;s a}7sdf /fvL 5nkmn ug]{ u/]sf] .

:jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] gfdM ========================================;dLIff u/]sf] ldltM ====================================

v_ :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkgM


qm=;=

;"rsx? 55555 5}g5}g5}g5}g5}g-!_ -)_-!_ -)_-!_ -)_-!_ -)_-!_ -)_

95


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

:jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] gfdM ==========================================;dLIff u/]sf] ldltM ====================================

u_ :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] cj:yfM


qm=;=

;"rsx? 5 -!_

5}g -)_

! k|To]s dxLgf :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] ;]jfsf] k|ult ;dLIff dfl;s cg'udg sfo{ k'l:tsfsf] cfwf/df u/L ;ldltsf] dfl;s a}7sdf /fVg] u/]sf]

@ Vff]ksf] nIo cg';f/ k|ult xfFl;n u/]sf]

# rf/ k6s ue{hfFr ;]jf nIo cg';f/ k|ult xfFl;n u/]sf]

$ @@% cfO/g rSsL ;]jgsf] nIo cg';f/ k|ult xfFl;n u/]sf]

% nIo cg';f/ l6=l6= vf]ksf] k|ult xfFl;n u/]sf]

^ ;ldltn] bIf :jf:YosdL{af6 :jf:Yo ;+:yf jf 3/}df ;'Ts]/L u/fpg Joj:yf u/]sf]

& Rffxgf x'Fbf x'b} klg kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf] s'g} ;fwg pkef]u ug{ g;s]sf bDktLx?sf] klxrfg u/]sf]

* ufpF3/ tyf vf]k lSnlgsx? lgoldt ¿kdf ;+rfng x'g]u/]sf]

( ;]jfaf6 5'6]sf dflg;sf] klxrfg u/L ;]jfdf pgLx?sf] kx'Fr a9fpg ;d'bfo kl/rfng sfo{ ug]{ u/]sf]

!) /fli6«o :jf:Yo sfo{qmdx?df ;ldltn] of]hgfa¢ ¿kdf ;xof]u ug]{ u/]sf]

!! :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf x'g'kg]{ cf}iflwsf] lsl;d :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] tx cg';f/ pknAw u/]sf]

!@ :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf x'g'kg]{ rf/ j6f cTofjZos ;fdu|Lx? -hLjg hn, sf]l6«d, cfO/g / le6fldg P_ eP gePsf] olsg u/]sf]

!# :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf x'g'kg]{ tLg j6f kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwgx? -s08d, lkN;, l8kf]_ eP gePsf] olsg ug]{

!$ Gfful/s a8fkq ;a}n] b]Vg] :yfgdf 6fF; u/]sf]

!% ;ldlt / :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] jflif{s sfo{of]hgf agfPsf]

!^ uf=lj=;=sf] :jf:Yo cfjZostfsf] klxrfg u/L uf=lj=;= :t/Lo :jf:Yo of]hgf agfPsf]

!& u|f=:jf=sf=÷df=lz=sf= n] ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt eO{ cfdf ;d"x, ufpF3/ lSnlgs, dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+ ;]ljsf sfo{qmdsf] k|ult af/] 5nkmn ug]{ u/]sf]

HfDdf k|fKtfÍ

qm=;=

;"rsx? 55555 5}g5}g5}g5}g5}g-!_ -)_-!_ -)_-!_ -)_-!_ -)_-!_ -)_

96


:jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfj]zLs/0f

;dfj]zLs/0fsf] kl/efiffM;]jfsf] kx'Fr gk'Ug' jf gx'g' To:tf] cj:yf xf], h;sf sf/0f ;dfhdf k5fl8 k/]sf JolQm tyf;d'bfo ;dfhsf] d"nk|jfxaf6 aflx/ kb{5g\ / ljsf;sf] k|ltkmnaf6 6f9f x'G5g\ . o;n] ubf{k/Dk/fut Jojxf/x?, ljZjf; / d"NodfGotfx?åf/f ;d:ofx? pTkGg x'g hfG5g\ . oL cj:yf:jf:Yo, lzIff h:tf ;fj{hlgs If]qx?sf ;fy} 3/fo;L jf ;d'bfo :t/df ePsf x'g ;Sb5g\ .

;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f o:tf] k|lqmof xf] , h;n] ;dfhdf ljBdfg /x]sf ;]jfdf plrt kx'FrgePsf JolQmx? Jff ;d'bfonfO{ ljsf;sf] d"n k|jfxdf Nofpgsf nflu ca/f]wx? x6fO{pgLx?nfO{ ;fdflhs Pj+ ljsf;sf sfo{df ;xefuL u/fpg d2t k'¥ofp5F .xfn;fn} /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] /0fgLltnfO{ ;fdflhs, cfly{s, /fhg}lts,:jf:Yo cflb If]qx?df lgs} hf]8 lbOb} cfOPsf] cfO/x]sf] 5 . xfd|f] b]zdf klg o; /0fgLltnfO{:jf:Yo nufot cGo If]qx?df klg dxTj lbOPsf] 5 .

:jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfj]zLs/0f eGgfn] ;/sf/L Pj+ u}/;/sf/L If]qaf6 lbFb} cfO/x]sf] clt cfjZos:jf:Yo ;]jfaf6 jl~rt ju{nfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jf kfpgaf6 jl~rt x'gfsf d"ne"t sf/0fx? kQfnufO{ pgLx?nfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jf k|efjsf/L ¿kdf pknAw u/fpg'sf] ;fy} pgLx?sf] :jf:Yo:t/df clej[l4 ug]{ k|lqmofnfO{ a'emFfp5 .

;dfj]zLs/0f ug'{kg]{ d'Vo sf/0fx? M� dfgjtfsf] b[li6sf]0faf6� clwsf/ kl/k"lt{ ug{ .� :j:y x'g kfpg' ;a}sf] hGdl;4 clwsf/ xf] eGg] s'/fdf hf]8 lbg .� :j:y ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f u/L ;dfhsf] ;dli6ut ljsf;df 6]jf k'¥ofpg .� :jf:Yo ;+:yf / :jf:Yo sfo{s|d ;a}sf] ;femf ;DklQ ePsfn] .� ;?jf /f]ux? Pj+ cGo ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg geP la:tf/} c?nfO{ klg ;g]{ ePsfn] .

h:t} x}hf, cfpF, Ifo/f]u, emf8fkvnf cflb .

;]jfdf kx'Fr gk'u]sf JolQm tyf ;d'bfonfO{ klxrfg ug]{ tl/sf M;]jfdf kx'Fr gk'u]sf ;d'bfox?sf] klxrfg ug{' ;dfj]zLs/0f k|lqmofsf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{r/0f xf] . o;df s]xL k|d'v ljlwx? lgDg cg';f/5g\\ M� ;dflhs gS;f� :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] tYofÍ ljZn]if0f cflb .

;fdflhs gS;f M;fdflhs gS;fdf u/La tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] b[li6n] nlIft JolQmx? sf] x'g\, slt

97


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

5g\, pgLx?sf] a;f]af; sxfF sxfF 5 / ;]jf ;'ljwf / ;|f]tx?af6 slt b"/Ldf /x]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/fk|i6 b]vfOG5 .;fdflhs gS;fdf x'g' kg]{ s'/fx? M

� 3/w'/L -hftLo cfwf/df _� k|fs[lts ;|f]tx? -jg h+un, vf]nf, kfgLsf] d'xfg cflb_� ef}lts ;|f]tx? -:Jff:Yo ;+:yf, ufpF3/ / vf]k lSnlgs s]Gb|x?, cf}iflw k;nx?, ljBfno,

;fd'bflos ejg, af6f], s'nf], lkpg] kfgL, SofDk; cflb _

;fdflhs gS;f tof/ ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx? M� ;j{k|yd ;d'bfosf] cjnf]sg e|d0f ug]{, ;fdfGo cj:yfsf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ .� ;fdflhs gS;f lsg agfpg] eGg] s'/f k|i6 kfg]{ .� ;d'bfosf ;a} ju{ ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug]{ .� Ps b'O{ hgf gS;f sf]g{ ;Sg] JolQmnfO{ gS;f sf]g{ nufpg] / cGo ;a}n] ;xof]u ug]{ .� :YffgLo ;|f]t ;fwgsf] k|of]u u/L gS;fdf af6f], 3/, jg, :Jf:Yo ;+:yf, vf]k tyf ufpF3/

lSnlgs, vf]nf, u/La / ;]jfsf] kx'Fr gk'u]sf 3/w'/L cflbnfO{ b]vfpg 5'§f5'§} /+u jfrLhsf] k|of]u u/L agfpg] .

� ljleGg ljifo cg';f/ :yfgLo ;d'bfon] a'em\g] vfnsf ;+s]tx? :ki6 b]vfpg' kb{5 .� GfS;fdf b]vfpg] s'/fx? s] s] x'g\ ltgsf] r]s lni6 tof/ ug]{ .� aLr aLrdf cfjZos ;"rgfx? 5Nfkmn ub}{ lgsfNg] .

:jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] tYofÍ ljZn]if0fM:jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ;]jf lbg'kg]{ nlIft hg;d'bfo / :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 ;]jf lnPsfx?sf] af/] lj:t[thfgsf/L ljleGg /]s8{ kmfOnx?df /]s8{ ul/Psf] x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf lglDt d"n btf{ /lhi6/, ;]jf/lhi6/, dfl;s cg'udg k'l:tsf cflb . pQm /]s8{x?nfO{ s]nfP/ x]/]df klg ;]jf lbg'kg]{ / ;]jflng 5'6]sf ;d'bfox? kQf nufpg ;lsG5 . 5'6]sf] kQf nu]sf] hg;+VofnfO{ ;]jfsf] bfo/fdfNofO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f ug'{kb{5 .

;dfj]zLs/0f cGtu{t ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x?M

:jf:Yo ;]jfaf6 jl~rt ju{nfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f ug{sf nflu lgDg b'O{ txdf sfo{x? ;~rfng ug'{kb{5 M

;d'bfo txdfM� ;d'bfodf ;]jfaf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg] .� ;]jfsf] kx'Fr ;d'bfo tx;Dd a9fpg] .� ;d'bfosf] s'/f :jf:Yo ;+:yf;Dd k'¥ofpg ;Ifd agfpg] .� cfTdljZjf; / cfTd;Ddfg hfu[t ug]{ .

98


� ;]jf lng gcfpgfsf] sf/0f kQf nufP/ afwf x6fpg] .� ;d'bfodf ;]jf lj:tf/sf nflu cfjZos ljifoj:t'df :jf:Yo k|j4{g ug{ lgoldt ¿kdf

;+jfb, cGt/lqmof ;~rfng ug]{ .� :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf pknAw ;]jfx? u'0f:t/Lo / k|efjsf/L agfpg ;d'boaf6 ;xof]usf

nflu kxn ug]{ .

:jf:Yo ;+:yf txdfM� ;a}nfO{ ;dfg Jojxf/ ug]{ -e]befj / x]nf gug]{_ .� ;a} efiff, wd{ / ;+:s[ltsf] ;Ddfg ub}{ ;]jfx? k|bfg ug{ pko'Qm pkfox? vf]hL ug]{ .� d"n btf{ /lhi6/df ;]jfu|fxLx?sf] k"/f gfd, y/, lnË, 7]ufgf / ;d:of n]Vg] .� ;do ;dodf :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] tYofÍ ljZn]if0f ug]{ / ;]jfsf] kx'Fr gePsfx?sf]

klxrfg u/L ;dfwfgsf pkfox?sf] vf]hL ug]{ .� pknAw ;]jf tyf sfo{qmx?nfO{ lgoldt / k|efjsf/L agfpg kxn ug]{ .� ;]jfsf] kx'Fr a9fpg cfjZostf cg';f/ ljz]if sfo{qmdx?sf] Joj:yf ug]{ .� sfof{no ;do cg';f/ :jf:Yo ;+:yf vf]nL ;]jf lbg] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .� ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f u/L ;]jf af/] ;d'bfonfO{ oyfy{ hfgsf/L lbg] .

99


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

kl/sNkgfelgG5 x/]s s'/fsf] lgdf{0f b'O{ k6s x'G5M Psk6s sNkgfdf / bf];|f] k6s Jojxf/df . s'g}rLh eljiosf] lglZrt ;doleq s:tf] ePsf]x]g{ rfxg] xf] To;sf] af/]df ;f]r jf sNkgf ug{'g} kl/sNkgf xf], t/ kl/sNkgf kmut sNkgfdfdfq ;Lldt g/xL jf:tljstf;Fu d]n vfg] vfnsf]x'g'kb{5 . :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg;ldltn] eljiosf] lglZrt cjlwdf cfkm\gf] :jf:Yo;+:yf tyf ;ldltsf] cj:yf s] s:tf] ePsf] x]g{rfxg] xf] To; sf] kl/sNkgf agfpg' kb{5 . o;lsl;dsf] ;f]r / kl/sNkgf agfO{ ;ldltn] sfo{u/]df ;ldltn] cfˆgf ] :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf ]Joj:yfkgdf pNn]vgLo of]ubfg lbg ;Sb5 .kl/sNkgf agfO{ ;s]kl5 ;f] k"/f ug{ k|lta4tfsf;fy sfo{ ug{ sfo{of]hgf agfO{ sfd ug'{kb{5 .;fy} ;do ;dodf ;f] kl/sNkgf cg';f/sf sfo{x? eP gePsf] s'/fsf] ;dLIff ug'{kb{5 .;ldltn] kl/sNkgf cfkm}n] ug{ ;Sg], pknAw ;fwg ;|f]tn] Eofpg] / jf:tljs ;d:ofsf];dfwfgdf d2t k'¥ofpg] s'/fx?nfO{ Wofgdf /fvL ug{' kb{5 .

pbfx/0fsf lglDt Pp6f art ;d"xsf] kl/sNkgf gd'gf oxfF k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 M

hgtf art ;d"xn] tof/ kf/]sf] kl/sNkgfsf] pbfx/0f

hgtf art ;d"xsf] xfnsf] cj:yf tLg jif{leqsf] cj:yf

100


;ldltn] tof/ u/]sf] jf:tljs kl/sNkgfsf] pbfx/0f tn k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 M

/em]gf pk:jf:Yo rf}sL ;~rfng tyf Aoj:yfkg ;ldltsf] # jif{] kl/sNkgf

� ljlwjt ¿kdf ;ldltsf] u7g ePsf] x'g]5 .� ;ldltsf] dfl;s a}7s lgoldt ePsf] x'g]5 .� ;b:ox?n] cf–cfk\mgf] ;d'bfodf /x]sf ;d:ofx?nfO{ a}7sdf k|:tfjsf] ¿kdf /fVg] /

lg0f{ox? ;d'bfo;Dd k'¥ofPsf] x'g]5 .� a}7sdf :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] dfl;s k|ult ;dLIff lgoldt ?kdf u/]sf] x'g]5 .� lg0f{ox? sfof{Gjog u/L cg'udg u/]sf] x'g]5 .� uf=lj=;= :t/Lo :jf:Yosf] jflif{s sfo{of]hgf agfP/ sfof{Gjog u/]sf] x'g]5 .� ;~rflnt sfo{qmdx?nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg :jf:Yo ;+:yf tyf lSnlgsx?sf] lgoldt

;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udg u/]sf] x'g]5 .� dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsfx?sf] sfdsf] d"NofÍg u/L k|f]T;fxg u/]sf] x'g]5 .� hghflt tyf lk5l8Psf ;d'bfodf ;]jfsf] kx'Fr a9fpg r]tgfd"ns sfo{x? u/]sf]

x'g]5 .� ;b:ox?sf] kmf]6f] ;lxtsf] ;ldltsf] af]8{ :Jff:Yo ;+:yfdf /flvPsf] x'g]5 .� pk:jf:Yo rf}sLsf] :t/ a[lWb eO :jf:Yo rf}sLsf] ¿kdf ;]jf lbO/x]sf] x'g]5 .� ;]jf /lhi6/x? s]nfP/ tyf cGo ljlwaf6 ;]jfsf] kx'Frdf gePsfx?nfO{ klxrfg u/L

;]jf lj:tf/ u/]sf] x'g]5 .� %) Ü eGbf a9L ufpF3/ tyf vf]k lSnlgsx? cfk\mg} ejgdf rln/x]sf x'g]5g\ .� xfn nIo cg'¿k k|ult xfFl;n x'g g;s]sf ;]jf tyf sfo{qmdx? -klxnf] tyf rf}yf] ue{

hfFr, tflnd k|fKt :jf:YosdL{af6 k|;"lt ;]jf, ;'Ts]/L ;]jf, @@% cfO/g rSsL ;]jg,6L=6L= @, gjlzz' hfFr, bfb'/fsf] vf]k cflb_ sf] nIo k|fKt ePsf] x'g]5 .

� :j]lR5s ¿kdf kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf] ;fwg k|of]u ug{ rfxg]x?n] ;]jf k|fKt u/]sf x'g]5g\ .� uf=lj=;= :t/Lo :jf:Yosf] jflif{s sfo{of]hgf agfP/ sfof{Gjog u/]sf] x'g]5 .� xfn cw'/f] /x]sf] :Jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] xftfsf] 5]sjf/ k"/f ePsf] / km"nsf] au}rf ePsf] x'g]5 .� clVtof/ k|fKt lgsfoaf6 :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] jflif{s n]vf k/LIf0f u/fPsf] x'g]5 .

tof/ ug{]M k|dfl0ft ug{]M

gfdM >L zf/bf rGb gfdM >L OGb|d0fL 9sfnkbM ;b:o ;lrj kbM cWoIfldltM@)^^÷!@÷)^ldltM@)^^÷!@÷)^

101


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

;ldlt / :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] sfo{of]hgf

;d:ofsf] kl/efiffMcfkm"n] rfx]sf] cj:yf / xfnsf] cj:yf aLrsf] b"/LnfO{ g} ;d:of elgG5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu,

!)) hgf Ps jif{d'lgsf jfnjflnsfnfO{ vf]k lbg] nIo /flvPsf]df *) hgfnfO{ dfq vf]k;]jf

lbg ;lsof] eg] @) hgf 5'6\g' vf]ksf] nIosf] lgldQ ;d:of xf] .

oxfF rfx]sf] cj:yf M !)) hgf jfnjflnsfx?n] vf]k lnpmg eGg] xf] .

xfnsf] cj:yf M *) hgfn] dfq nufPsf] .

;d:of M nIo cg';f/ @) hgf jfnjflnsf ;]jfaf6 5'6\g' .

;d:ofsf] k|fyldsLs/0fM;d:ofx? w]/} x'g ;S5g\ h;nfO{ Ps} k6sdf ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsb}g . To;}n] w]/} ;d:ofx? dWo]

k|fyldsLs/0fsf] cfwf/df qmlds ¿kn] ;a} ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg ub}{ hfg' kb{5 . k|fyldsLs/0f

ubf{ lgDg s'/fx?nfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} ug'{ kb{5 .

k|fyldsLs/0fsf k|d'v cfwf/ M� ;d:ofn] ;d'bfodf kfg]{ c;/ jf k|efj h:t} hGd d[To' .� ;d:of ;dfwfgaf6 ;d'bfonfO{ x'g] kmfObf .� pknAw ;fwg ;|f]t .� :yfgLo :t/af6 ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsg] cflb .

;d:ofsf] h8 sf/0f kQf nufpg] Mk|fyldsLs/0f u/L;s]kl5 h'g ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;dfwfg ug'{kg]{ xf] tL ;d:ofx?nfO{ sfo{of]hgfdf

9fNg' kb{5, t/ sfo{of]hgfdf 9fNg' cufl8 xfdLn] tL ;d:ofsf] h8 sf/0f kQf nufpg' kb{5 .

o;/L h8 sf/0fx? kQf nufpg ;s] dfq ;d:ofsf] ;xL ;dfwfg x'g ;Sb5 . h8 sf/0f kQf

nufpg] ljleGg pkfox? 5g\\ . tL dWo] Pp6f lsg lsg ljlw xf] . pbfx/0fsf] lglDt of] ljlw

tn k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

102


a}7s lgoldt x'g] gu/]sf]

lsg <-;xefuLx?sf] km';{t geP/_

lsg <-yfxf geP/_

lsg <-;xefuLx?n] ;ldltsf] a}7seGbf cGo sfdnfO{ dxTj

lbPsf]_

lsg <-;f] ;DaGwL hfgsf/L / dxTj

yfxf gePsf]_

lsg <-;ldltsf] a}7ssf] dxTj

yfxf gePsf]_

lsg <-cled'vLs/0f uf]i7L

gePsf]_

lsg <-dxTj yfxf lbg

cled'vLs/0f uf]i7LgePsf]n]_

dflysf] pbfx/0fdf ;d:ofsf] ¿kdf ;ldltsf] lgoldt a}7snfO{ lnOPsf] 5 . s] a}7s gx'g' g};d:of xf] < jf:tjdf a}7s gx'g'sf] h8 sf/0f s] xf] t < lgoldt a}7ssf] dxTj emNsfpg]cled'vLs/0f uf]i7L gx'g' o;sf] h8 sf/0f xf] . ;dfwfgsf lglDt Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{cled'vLs/0f uf]i7L ;~rfng ug'{ kg]{ 5 .

sfo{of]hgf M;d:ofx?sf] h8 sf/0f kQf nufO{ ;s] kl5 To;nfO{ sfo{of]hgfsf] 9fFrfdf /fvL ;dfwfg ug'{kb{5 . ca sfo{of]hgf eg]sf] s] xf] < To;af/] klg a'‰g h?/L 5 .

103


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

;fdfGotof s'g} ljifodf ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu s], lsg <, s;/L <, s:fn] <, slxn] ;Dddf sfo{;DkGg ug]{ eg]/ lglb{i6 9fFrfdf tof/ u/]sf] of]hgfnfO{ sfo{of]hgf elgG5 . sfo{of]hgfn] s]sfd ug]{ <, s;/L ug]{ <, s'g ;dodf ;DkGg ug]{ < / To;sf nflu lhDd]jf/ JolQm sf] xf] <;fy} ;f] sfd ;DkGg ug{sf lglDt s] slt ;|f]t rflxg] cflb s'/fx? k|i6 kfb{5 . o;/Lsfo{of]hgfn] ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;xL tl/sfn] ;dodf g} k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ;'Nemfpgsf lglDt w]/};xof]u ub{5 .

a}7s a:bf ;'wf/ ug{' kg]{ kIfx?sf] klxrfg u/]/ 5nkmn u/L ;dfwfgsf pkfox?nfO{ lglZrt9fFrf k|of]u u/L sfo{of]hgf tof/ ubf{ a9L k|efjsf/L x'G5 . sfo{of]hgf dfl;s jf jflif{s b'a}¿kdf agfpg ;lsG5 .

sfo{of]hgfsf] 9fFrf ljleGg x'g ;Sb5g\\ . oxfF ;lhnf] / k|i6;Fu a'lemg] Ps k|sf/sf] sfo{of]hgfgd'gf lbOPsf] 5 . o; 9fFrf cGtu{t k|d'v ¿kdf lgDg kfFrj6f aF'bfx? ;d]l6Psf x'G5g\\ .

;d:ofsf] ljj/0f

� s]s]s]s]s] M M M M M ;d:of s] xf] n]Vg] .

� lsglsglsglsglsg MMMMM s'g ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ nfu]sf] xf] ;f] jf/] n]Vg] / sf/0f v'nfpg] .

� s;/Ls;/Ls;/Ls;/Ls;/L M M M M M ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{sf nflu pkfox? n]Vg] .

� slxn]slxn]slxn]slxn]slxn] M M M M M s'g ldlt;Dddf sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ xf] To:fsf] ldlt n]Vg] .

� s;n] ug]{s;n] ug]{s;n] ug]{s;n] ug]{s;n] ug]{ MMMMM sfo{ ug{sf nflu d'Vo lhDd]jf/ JolQmsf] gfd n]Vg] .

� cj:yfcj:yfcj:yfcj:yfcj:yf M xfnsf] cj:yf pNn]v ug]{ .

104


gd'gfsf nflu sfo{of]hgfsf] :j?k tn k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 M

:yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf]sfo{of]hgf

lhNnfM ================================================ uf= lj= ;=M ========================================

:jf:Yo ;+:yf ========================================================

tof/ ug]{M===================================== k|dfl0ft ug]{M_==========================================

ldltM========================================= ldltM =================================================

qm=;= s] < lsg < s;/L < slxn] < s;n] < ca:yf

!

@

#

$

%

qm=;= s] < lsg < s;/L < slxn] < s;n] < cj:yf

105


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

qm=;=

s] u

g{] <

lsg

ug{] <

s;/

L ug

{] <slxn]

ug{] <

s;n

] ug]{

<

106


tof/ u

g{]Mk|d

fl0ft

ug{]M

gfdM >

L zf/bf r

GbgfdM >

L OGb|d

0fL 9s

fnkb

M ;b:

o ;lr

jkb

M cWo

Ifld

ltM @

)^^÷

!@÷)^

ut]

ldltM @

)^^÷

!@÷)^

ut]

107


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

;"rgf ;+sng k|lqmof

s'g} klg ljifoj:t' af/] ;To tYo hfgsf/L g} ;"rgf xf] . ;xL ;"rgf 7Ls lg0f{o ug{sf lglDtcTofjZos x'G5 . lagf ;"rgf ul/Psf lg0f{ox? / sfo{qmdx? ;kmn gx'g ;Sb5g\ . :yfgLo:jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg ug{ af/Daf/:jf:Yo ;DaGwL ;"rgfx?sf] pkof]u ug'{kb{5 . pbfx/0fsf lglDt ;ldltn] lgoldt ¿kdf a}7sa:g'kg]{ x'G5 . a}7sdf ljleGg :jf:Yo ;DaGwL lg0f{ox? ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . t/ ;xL ;"rgfsf]cefjdf ;ldltn] ;xL lg0f{o gug{ ;Sb5, h;sf] kmn:j¿k :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkgdfgsf/fTds c;/ kb{5 . ;ldltsf k|To]s ;b:ox?n] lgoldt a}7sdf cf–cfˆgf ;d'bfox?af6:jf:Yo ;DaGwL ;d:ofx? jf ;"rgfx?nfO{ 5nkmn ug'{kb{5 . To;f] u/]df ;Dk"0f{ ;d'bfosf]:jf:Yo ;DaGwL cfjfhx?sf] ;ldltdf k|ltlglwTj x'g hfG5 . To;}u/L :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfngtyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] cfˆgf] uf=lj=;= sf] :jf:Yo of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{ cfjZos 7fg]df;a}eGbf klxn] pQm uf=lj=;= sf] :jf:Yo l:yltsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{kb{5 . :jf:Yo l:yltsf] ljZn]if0fug{ 6f]n, j8f, ufpFaf6 :jf:Yo ;DaGwL ;"rgfx? Nofpg'kb{5 . ;fy} pQm ;"rgfx? ;+3;+:yfx?af6klg kfpg ;lsG5 . tL jf:tljs ;"rgfx? ;+sng u/] dfq uf=lj=;= sf] :jf:Yo of]hgf klgjf:tljs x'g hfG5 .

;"rgf t Nofpg] t/ s;/L < o;sf] lglDt klg lglZrt k|lqmofx? ckgfpg'kg]{ x'G5 . h'go;k|sf/ 5g\ M

!= cjnf]sg;"rgf ;+sng ug{sf lglDt of] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ ljlw xf] . s'g} klg ljifoj:t' af/] ;"rgf;+sngstf{n] cfk}mn] x]/]/ ;"rgfx? ;+sng ug]{ tl/sf g} cjnf]sg xf] . cjnf]sg ug{sflglDt s] s'/fsf] cjnf]sg ug]{ xf] To; af/] ;"rgf ;+sngstf{ k|i6 x'g'kb{5 . o;sf lglDtcjnf]sg r]slni6 agfO{ sfd ug'{kb{5 .

@= JolQmut cGtjf{tf{;"rgf ;+sng ug{sf lglDt ;d'bfosf dflg;x?;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lnO{ ul/g] k|lqmof g} JolQmutcGtjf{tf{ xf] . o;sf lglDt cGtjf{tf{stf{n] k|ZgfjnLsf] k|of]u u/L ;"rgf ;+sng ug'{kb{5 .

#= ;d"x 5nkmn;d'bfosf dflg;x?;Fu ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/]/ klg ;"rgfx?sf] ;+sng ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sflglDt ;d"xsf ;b:ox?sf] ;+Vof !) b]lv !@ ePdf 5nkmn k|efjsf/L x'G5 . ;"rgf;+sngstf{n] 5nkmnsf lglDt ;fwf/0f lsl;dsf] 5nkmn lgb]{lzsfsf] k|of]u ug{ ;Sb5 .

108


;'kl/j]If0f

;'kl/j]If0f

s'g} klg lgsfoaf6lglb{i6 sfo{qmd s]s:tf] ePsf] 5 egLhfgsf/L lnO{cfjZostf cg';f/;xof]u ug]{ k|lqmof g};'kl/j]If0f xf] .;'kl/j]If0fn] sd{rf/Lsf]sfo{ Ifdtfdf clej[l4u/L sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zok|fKt ug{ ;xof]u ub{5 .o;/L ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{JolQmnfO{ ;'kl/j]Ifs elgG5 .

/fd|f] ;'kl/j]Ifssf u'0fx?M� ;sf/fTds wf/0ff lnP/ ;'kl/j]If0f ug'{kb{5 .� ;xof]uL efjgf x'g'kb{5 .� ;'kl/j]If0f kZrft\ /fd|f s'/fx?sf] k|z+;f / ;'wf/ ug'{ kg]{ s'/fx? eP ;DalGwt

JolQmnfO{ dfq ;Nnfx ;'emfj lbg'kb{5 .� c?nfO{ pTk|]/0ff hufpg] vfnsf] x'g'kb{5 .� w}o{jfg\ x'g'kb{5 .� c?sf] ljrf/ jf s'/fx? ;'Gg] vfnsf] x'g'kb{5 .� ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{;Sg] x'g'kb{5 .

;'kl/j]If0f ubf{ x'g] kmfObfx?M� sfd l56f] 5l/tf] x'g] .� ;xof]u ug'{kg]{ If]qsf] klxrfg eO{ sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsfl/tfdf j[l4 x'g] .� ;dod} ;xL of]hgf agfpg ;lsg] .� of] Pp6f l;sfOsf] tl/sf klg ePsfn] l;Sg / l;sfpg ;lsg] .� o;n] cj:yf cg';f/sf] Joj:yfkg ug{df d2t k'¥ofpg] x'G5 .� ;'kl/j]If0f ubf{ ;Lkdf clej[l4 eO{ sfo{Ifdtf a9fpF5 .

109


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

� o;n] sfdsf] d"NofÍgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 .� ;dod} k[i7kf]if0f lbO{ sfo{;'wf/ ug{ d2t k'¥ofpF5 .� Hfgrfxgf cg'¿ksf sfo{qmd nfu" ug{/u/fpg d2t k'¥ofpF5 .� ;+:yfsf] cfjZostf klxrfgdf ;lhnf]kgf NofpF5 .� ;+:yfsf] u'0f:t/ lgwf{/0f ug{df ;xof]u k'Ub5 .� cfzftLt ;kmntf xfFl;n ug{df d2t k'Ub5 .

Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] ;'kl/j]If0f ug'{kg]{ If]qx?M

� Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] d'Vo ul/ b'O{ If]qdf ;'kl/j]If0f ug{'kg{] x'G5 .

k|fljlws If]q

:jf:Yo sfo{qmdsf] ;'kl/jIf0f h:t} vf]k ;]jf, kl/jf/ lgof]hg, dft[ tyf gjlzz' sfo{qmd,ufpF3/ tyf vf]k lSnlgs sfo{qmd cflb .

Joj:yfksLo If]q

� sd{rf/Lsf] af/]df — sfdsf] /]vb]v, ;xof]u, sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf lgoldt ¿kdf ePsf]gePsf], d"NofÍg cflb If]qdf .

� ufFp 3/÷ vf]k lSnlgssf] lgoldttf / k|efjsfl/tfsf] af/]df -cg's"n 7fpF, kmlg{r/,;fdu|L_ .

� :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;dodf v'Ng] u/]sf]÷gu/]sf] ;fy} ;]jfsf] lgoldttfsf] af/]df .� :jf:Yo ;:yfsf] jftfj/0fLo ;/;kmfO ;DaGwL .� ;]jf k|bfg ug{ cfjZos ef}lts cj:yf af/]df .

Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] ;'kl/j]If0f ug'{kg]{ 7fpF / lgsfox?M

� :jf:Yo ;+:yf,� ufFp 3/ lSnlgs,� vf]k lSnlgs� cfdf ;d"x÷dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsf .

;'kl/j]If0f of]hgf / r]slni6M

;ldltn] ;'kl/j]If0f of]hgf / r]slni6sf] k|of]u u/L ug'{kb{5 .;'kl/j]If0f of]hgf agfpFbf % s nfO{ Wofgdf /fvL agfpg'kb{5, h'g o;k|sf/ 5 M

s] ug]{ M s'g sfo{qmdsf] ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ pNn]v ug]{ .

110


sxfF ug]{ M ;'kl/j]If0f s'g :yfgdf ug]{ xf] h:t} M :jf:Yo ;+:yf, vf]k tyf ufpF3/ lSnlgs

s;n] ug]{ M ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ lhDdf s;sf] xf] pNn]v ug]{ .

s;/L ug]{ M dxLgfdf jf xKtfdf jf b}lgs xf] , r]slni6sf] k|of]u ug{] cflb s'/f pNn]v ug]{ .

slxn] ug]{ M ldlt tf]Sg] .

;'kl/j]If0f r]slni6 eGgfn] ;'kl/j]Ifsn] ;'kl/j]If0f s] sfo{qmdsf] ug]{ xf] To;sf] af/] lj:t[t¿kdf ;"rsx? /fvL tof/ ul/g] Pp6f vfsfnfO{ a'emfpFb5 . o;sf] k|of]uaf6 ;'kl/j]IfsnfO{;'kl/j]If0fsf] p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ d2t ldNb5 . o;sf] k|of]uaf6 sfo{qmdsf] cj:yf ljZn]if0fu/L cfjZos ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu dfu{bz{g ub{5 . gd'gfsf nflu gd'gf r]slni6 tn k|:t'tul/Psf] 5 M

;'kl/j]If0f of]hgfsf] gd'gf

s] ug]{ < sxfF ug]{ < s;n] ug]{ < s;/L ug]{ < slxn] ug]{ <

111


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

;'kl/j]If0f r]slni6sf] gd'gf

============== :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;+rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] :jf:Yo ;:yf ;'kl/j]If0f r]s lni6

;'kl/j]If0f ul/g] :yfgM ;'kl/j]If0f ul/Psf] ldltM

qm=;= ug{ rfx]sf] 5 -!_ 5}g -)_ s}lkmot

! :jf:Yo ;+:yf sfof{no ;dodf vf]Ng] u/]sf]

@ ;a} sd{rf/Lx? pkl:yt ePsf]

# :jf:Yo ;+:yfleq tyf aflx/sf] jftfj/0f ;kmf ;'3/ /fVg] u/]sf]

$ ;]jf kfpg k|tLIff/t ;]jfu|fxLx?sf nflu a:g] Joj:yf ldnfPsf]

% ;]jfu|fxLx?nfO{ cfcfk\mgf] kfnf]df ;]jf lbg] u/]sf]

^ 3fp vl6/fx?sf] dnxdk§L -8«]l;‹_ ul/+bf pdflnPsf cf}hf/x?sf] dfq k|of]u u/]/ ug{] u/]sf]

& ;]jfu|fxLx?nfO{ cfjZos k/fdz{ ;]jf jf ;Nnfx ;'emfj lbg]u/]sf]

* :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf :jf:Yo lzIffd"ns kf]i6/, lk\mnkrf6{ cflbnfO{ ;a}n] b]Vg] :yfgdf Jojl:yt ¿kdf /fv]sf] tyf 6fF; ug{] u/]sf]

( e08f/-:6f]/_ sf]7fdf cf}iflw tyf ;/;fdfgx? Jojl:yt ¿kdf ldnfP/ /fVg] u/]sf]

!) e08f/ -:6f]/_ sf]7fdf ;"rLs[t cf}iflw tyf ;/;fdfgx? Go"gtd Ps dxLgfnfO{ k'Ug] dfqfdf df}Hbft /x]]sf]

!! ;a} ;]jfu|fxLx?sf] d"n btf{ /]lhi6/ tyf cGo ;]jf /]lhi6/df btf{ ug{] u/]sf]

!@ Dffl;s cg'udg sfo{k'l:tsf cBfjlws ug{] u/]sf]

!# :jf:Yosf k|ultx? Rff6{x? agfO{ b]lvg] :yfgdf 6fF; ug{] u/]sf]

!$ :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 pknAw ;]jfx?k|lt ;]jfu|fxLx? ;+t'i6 ePsf]

!% :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 lg:s]sf kmf]xf]/ d}nfx?nfO{ vfN6f]df Jojl:yt ¿kdf lj;h{g ug{] u/]sf]

;'kl/j]If0f ug{]sf] ;xLM

gfdM

kbM

;'kl/j]If0f u/]sf] ldltM

qm=;= ;'rsfÍx? 5 -!_ 5}g -)_ s}lkmot

112


;'zf;g

e"ldsf:yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 k|bfg ul/g] ;]jf / :jf:Yo sfo{qmdx?sf] k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ;~rfngtyf Joj:yfkg ug{ :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsftyf lhDd]jf/L ePsfn] ;'zf;gsf] l;4fGt cg'¿k of] ;ldltn] cfˆgf] sfo{ljlw cufl8 a9fpg'kb{5 . o;sf nflu ;'zf;gsf tTjx? s] s] x'g\, s;/L oL tTjx?sf] sfof{Gjog x'G5 cflbaf/]]] hfgsf/L lng cfjZos 5 .

;'zf;gsf] cy{:jf:Yo ;]jf÷sfo{qmdsf] /fd|f] Joj:yfkg ug{sf nflu kf/blz{tf ckgfO{ ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{;d]6]/ s'g} klg u'gf;fx? Ufg]{ df}sf glbO{ :jf:Yo ;]jf÷sfo{qmd Joj:yfkg ug'{nfO{ ;'zf;gelgG5 .

:yfgLo ;d'bfosf ;]jfu|fxLsf] OR5f / rfxgf cg';f/ pgLx?s} ;xeflutf / ;xdltdf lgikIf/ kf/bzL{ 9+un] ;d'bfosf nflu u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfg ug{df ;'zf;gsf] uxg e"ldsfx'G5 .

:yfgLo :t/df k|efjsf/L :jf:Yo ;]jf÷sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{sf nflu :jf:Yo ;+:yf;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf e"ldsf lgDg 5g\\ M

� :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Ln] =lhDd]jf/ /hafkmb]xL eP/ sfd ug]{ .

� :jf:YosdL{ / cGo sd{rf/Ln] klg lhDd]jf/ / hafkmb]xL eP/ hgtfnfO{ l56f] 5l/tf]9+un] u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ .

� s'g} klg sfo{qmd ubf{ :yfgLo ;d'bfo / hgtfsf] k"0f{ ;xeflutf u/fP/ sfd ug]{ .� cfkm"n] ug]{ / ul/Psf sfdx?sf] ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO ug]{ .� cfkm"n] ug]{ / ul/Psf sfdx?sf] ;fj{hlgs n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{ .� ;ldlt, :jf:Yo sd{rf/L / cfd pkef]QmfaLr lgoldt a}7s, 5nkmn / cGt/lqmof

ug]{ .� ;a};Fu /fd|f] ;DaGw / ;dGjo sfod /fVg] .

pko'Qm e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] lgDg cg';f/ ;'zf;gsf tTjx?nfO{ WofglbO{ ;f]xL cg'?k ;'zf;g sfod u/L ;]jf k|bfosaf6 :jf:Yo ;]jf tyf cGo sfo{qmdx?;'rf? ¿kn] ;~rfng ug]{ Joj:yfkg ug'{k5{ .

113


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

;'zf;gdf x'g' kg]{ cfjZos tTjx? M;'zf;gdf geO{ gx'g] cfjZos tTjx? lgDg k|sf/ 5g\\ M

� ;]jf k|bfossf] lhDd]jf/L / hjfkmb]lxtf� hg;xeflutf� kf/blz{tf� ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO� ;fj{hlgs n]vfk/LIf0f� lgoldt a}7s, 5nkmn / cGt/lqmof� ;dfj]zLs/0f� :jfldTj� ;a}sf] :jLsfo{tf

;]jf k|bfossf] lhDd]jf/L / hafkmb]xLtf!= :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 lbOg] ;]jf÷;'ljwfx? :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ plrt ;dodf ljgf emGem6 l56f]

5l/tf] / u'0f:t/Lo tj/n] lbg] sfdsf] lhDd]jf/L :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf sfo{/t ;]jfk|bfossf] ;fy}:jf:Yo Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] xf] . t;y{ ;]jfk|bfos / ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n]sfo{qmdk|lt pQ/bfoL Pj+ lhDd]jf/ x'g' cTofjZos x'G5 . ;]jfk|bfosn] u'0f:t/Lo ;]jfu'gf;f]/lxt tj/n] k|bfg ug'{ / To;sf nflu :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg;ldltn] Joj:yfkg ug'{ hgtfk|ltsf] lhDd]jf/L / hjfkmb]lxtf xf] .

@= Df :yfgLo hgtfsf nflu c6'6 ¿kdf u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf k|bfg ug{ a;]sf] 5' / d}n] of] sfdul/g eg] :yfgLo hgtfn] ;f] ;]jfaf6 jl~rt eO{ kL8f ef]Ug' kg]{ x'G5, hg u'gf;fx? cfpglbg' xF'b}g eGg] lhDd]jf/L af]w ePsf] v08df hgtfk|ltsf] pQ/bfloTjsf] af]w ePsf]elgG5 .

#= ctM ;]jfk|bfos / :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox? lhDd]jf/ /hgtfk|lt hafkmb]xL ePdf :jf:Yo ;]jf÷sfo{qmd cem u'0f:t/Lo, k|efjsf/L Pj+ lg/Gt/¿kdf rNb} hfg]x'G5 .

hg;xeflutf:jf:Yo ;]jf÷sfo{qmd lj:tf/ ug]{ h:tf ultljlwx?df ;d'bfo, ;]jfk|bfos, Pj+ Joj:yfkg;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] ;xeflutf u/fpg' ;'zf;gsf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ k|lqmof xf] . :yfgLo uf=lj=;=:t/df cjl:yt ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ ;xeflutf u/fO{ ufpFsf k|To]s :jf:Yo ;DaGwL ljsf;sfo{qmdx? cufl8 a9fpg'kb{5 .

pbfx/0fsf nfluM :yfgLo :jf:Yo;d:ofsf] klxrfg, k'¥ofpg' kg]{ sfo{qmdsf] klxrfg, sfo{qmdth'{df, d"NofÍg h:tf sfo{x?df :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?, u0odfGo JolQmx?nfO{ hgsf/L lbg],pgLx?sf] /fo lng] h:tf sfo{x? ug'{kb{5 . o:tf JolQmx?sf] ;+nUgtfsf nflu :jf:Yo ;+:yf;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] ;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{kb{5 . o;/L

114


;a}sf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf u/fpg ;s]df ufpFdf ;~rfng x'g] :jf:Yo sfo{qmd ;a}sf nlu k'Ug]/ pknlAw ;d]t ;Gtf]ifhgs x'g]x'G5 . ufpFsf a9LeGbf a9L ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;xeflutfu/fpg' Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] / ;]jfk|bfossf] d'Vo lhDd]jf/L xf] / ;'zf;g cGtu{tsf] dxTjk"0f{k|lqmof xf] .

:jfldTjsf] dx;";:yfgLo lgsfodf :jf:Yo ;]jf÷sfo{qmddf :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf;b:ox? Pj+ :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf ;]jf k|bfosx?n] of] xfd|f] cfˆg} sfo{qmd xf] egL o;nfO{ cfTd;ft\ug'{ kb{5 . ;'zf;gsf] clt cfjZos l;4fGt dWo] sfo{qmdsf] :jfldTj lng' Ps d'Vo e"ldsfxf] . :jfldTj dx;"; eP kl5 ;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt x'G5 . t;y{Ù :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;~rfng tyfJoj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox?, :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf sfo{stf{÷ ;]jfk|bfosx?n] :jf:Yo sfo{qmdsfof{Gjog, kl/rfngsf] lhDd]jf/L lnPdf sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsfl/tfdf pNn]vgLo j[l4 eO{sfo{qmdsf] lg/Gt/tf / :yfgLo ;d'bfosf nflu kmfObfhgs k|ltkmn k|fKt x'G5 .

;a}sf] :jLsfo{tf:jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ;~rfng x'g] sfo{qmd÷;]jf :yfgLo ;d'bfosf nflu pko'Qm Pj+ ;fdflhs,cfly{s ¿kdf ljkGg nlIft ;d"xnfO{ cf}NofO{ a9L eGbf a9L kmfObfhgs x'g] u/L ;a}sf nflu:jLsfo{ x'g] u/L sfo{qmd th'{df ug'{kb{5 . o;/L ;a}nfO{ ;d]6\g] u/L tof/ ul/Psf] sfo{qmd;'zf;fgsf nflu cleGg cfwf/ xf] .

uf=lj=;= sf s'g} jf ljz]if ju{, hfltnfO{ gldNg] ;]jf÷sfo{qmd ePdf of] ;a}sf nflu :jLsfo{x'b}g / ;a}sf] ;xeflutf h'6fpg ;lsb}g . ;]jf÷sfo{qmdsf] :yfloTj, lg/Gt/tfsf nflu klguf=lj=;=sf ;a} ju{, hflt, dlxnf, k'?if, j[4 j[4f, ljkGg ju{, blnt cflbsf nflu kmfObfhgssfo{qmd Nofpg ;ldltn] kxn ug'{kb{5 .

kf/blz{tf:jf:Yo ;]jf÷sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo, cfzftLt pknlAw, pknAw ;|f]t, ;fwg, sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf]e"ldsf OToflbaf/] ;Dk"0f{ hfgsf/L ;d'bfo, ;/f]sf/jfnf tyf ;a}h;f] JolQmnfO{ ;f]af/] k"0f{x'g'kb{5 . o;/L ;a} sfo{qmd÷;]jfaf/] hfgsf/L ePdf cfpFbf lbgx?df ;d'bfosf] ;xof]u k|fKtug{ ;lsG5 . ;fy} sfo{qmdk|lt pQ/bfloTj, :jfldTjsf] efjgf klg hfUb5 . oL ;"rgf÷hfgsf/Lx?;a}n] yfxf kfpg / cWoog ug{;Sg] u/L pknAw x'g'kb{5 / ;+ej eP;Dd ;fj{hlgs ug'{kg]{x'G5 . k|To]s ufpF kl/ifb, uf=lj=;= a}7s, :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf ;ldltsf] lgoldta}7sdf o;af/] hgsf/L u/fpg' kb{5 .

o;/L sfo{qmddf kf/blz{tf ckgfOPdf sfo{qmdsf nflu cfjZos ;xof]u ;a}af6 k|fKt x'G5 .kf/blz{tfsf nflu yk lgDg ultljlwx? u/fpg] k|rng 5 . uf=lj=;= df ;f] cfof]hgf ubf{ o;n]ufpFdf ;sf/fTds jftfj/0f agfpF5 .

115


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

t;y{ ;]jf k|bfos÷;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] o;} cg';f/ cfjZos sfd÷sf/jfxL ug'{kb{5 .

:jf:Yo ;]jf÷sfo{qm|dk|lt ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO:yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yfn] k|bfg ul//x]sf ;]jf÷sfo{qmdx? Joj:yfkg ;ldlt Pj+ ;]jfk|bfosx?n]k'¥ofO/x]sf] lhDd]jf/L, lhNnfaf6 k|fKt ;xof]u cflb af/] :yfgLo ;d'bfo / pkef]Qmfx?df pQm:yfgLo sfo{qmdx?af6 k/]sf /fd|f g/fd|f k|efj, c;/ / pknlAwsfaf/]df cfd ;d'bfosf]cufl8 ul/g] 5nkmn, k|Zgf]Q/ cflb sfo{nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO elgG5 . of] ;'g'jfOdf ;]jfu|xLn]cfkm"nfO{ k/]sf kL/ dsf{ jf /fd|f s'/fx?sfaf/]df ;DaGwLt ;]jfk|bfosnfO{ k|Zg /fVg] /;]jfk|bfossf tkm{af6 hjfkm lbg] sfd ul/G5 .

;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfOn] ;]jfsf] ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ k/]sf] ;d:of, dsf{ cflbsf af/]df JoQm ug]{ cj;/sf;fy} ;dfwfgsf pkfo kQf nufpg] / ;]jfk|bfosnfO{ hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL agfpg d2t ub{5 .

;fj{hlgs n]vfk/LIf0f:yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ;~rflnt sfo{qmdaf/] s] slt /sd k|fKt eof], s]sf nflu k|fKt eof],slt vr{ eof], s;/L vr{ eof], uf=lj=;= sf nlIft ;d"xsf] :jf:Yo:t/df slQsf] k|efj k¥of]cflb ljifox?df :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf ;]jfk|bfos sd{rf/L, Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox? Pj+ufpFsf ;Dk"0f{ ;d'bfoaLrsf] 5nkmn, k|Zgf]Q/, k'i6\ofOF cflb ug]{ sfd ug'{kb{5 . o; k|sf/sf]cEof;n] ubf{ sfo{qmddf kf/blz{tf eO{ Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{ k|efjsf/L ;'zf;g sfod ug{dfd2t k'¥ofpFb5 .

lgoldt a}7s, 5nkmn÷cGt/lqmofsfo{qmdsf] kf/blz{tfsf nflu lgoldt a}7s, 5nkmn / cGt/lqmof clt cfjZos x'G5 . o;n]dflg;x?df ePsf] c:ki6tf, z+sfpkz+sfx?nfO{ 36fFpb} ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f ;[hgf u/fpF5 .To:t}M sfo{qmd÷;]jfsf] k|ultdf cfO{k/]sf] ;d:of, cfjZos ;xof]u lng]af/] lgoldt ¿kdfcGt/lqmof eO /fVg'kb{5 . ljz]if u/]/ :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf]lgoldt a}7s a;fnL o:tf cGt/lqmof u/L cfjZos ;]jf÷sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L Pj+ nIocg'¿k k|ult xfFl;n u/fpgdf d2t k'¥ofpFg' kb{5 .

;]jfk|bfos, Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] cfˆgf] uf=lj=;=df kl/l:ylt / cfjZostf cg';f/pko'Qm ultljlwx? lgoldt ¿kdf ;~rfng ug]{ ug'{k5{ . o;f] ePdf Joj:yfkg ;ldlt tyf;]jf k|bfosn] ;'zf;g sfod u/]sf] eGg] :yfgLo hgtfaf6 ;sf/fTds k|ltlqmof x'g]5 .

116


;|f]t kl/rfng

;|f]tsf] kl/efiffMs'g} klg nIo xfFl;n ug{sf nflu k|of]udf NofOg] dfgjLo zlQm, ljleGg lsl;dsf ef}lts;fwgx?, ;do, k};f, / ;"rgfx? g} ;|f]t x'g\ . pknAw ;|f]tsf] clwstd kl/rfngaf6 :jf:Yo;]jfnfO{ k|efjsf/L, lgoldt / u'0f:t/Lo agfO{ ;]jfsf] k|of]ub/df j[l4 u/fpg ;lsG5 .o;/L ;|f]t kl/rfng ubf{ :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] cfjZostf / ;+nUgtfdf plrt tj/n] ug{ ;s]df:jf:Yo ;+:yfdf pknAw ;]jfk|lt ;d'bfodf ljZj;gLotf a9\g hfG5 .

117


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

:jf:Yo ;+:yfsf nflu :yfgLo txdf pknAw x'g;Sg] ;|f]tx?M� Uff=lj=;=df cfPsf] ah]6 .� k|lt la/fdL btf{afkt g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt x'g] cg'bfg /sd .� ljleGg ;/sf/L / u}x|;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 k|fKt x'g] cg'bfgx? .� Uff=lj=;= jf :Jff:Yo ;+:yfsf] cfGtl/s ;|f]t .� hg;xeflutf .� lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltaf6 k|fKt cg'bfg .� ;fd'bflos jg cflb

k|:tfjgf n]Vbf Wofg lbg'kg{] s'/fx? M� k|:tfjgf n]Vg'eGbf cufl8 s]sf af/]df n]Vg] To;sf] k"j{ tof/L ug{'kb{5 .� s'g p2]Zo / nIo k|fKt ug{ nfluPsf] xf] To;sf] lgwf{/0f ug{'kb{5 .� s'g ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{sf nflu ;xof]u dfluPsf] xf] Tof]] v'nfpg'kb{5 .� pQm ;d:of ;dfwfg eP s] s] kmfObf x'G5g\, ltgsf af/]df klg pNn]v x'g'kb{5 .� pQm sfo{ ug{sf nflu s] slt ;fdu|L, ;|f]t jf hgzlQm, /sd cfjZos kb{5

ltgsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f tof/L ug{'kb{5 .� lglb{i6 sfo{ slt cjlwdf ;DkGg ug{ vf]lhPsf] xf], To;sf] hfgsf/L sfo{of]hgf

:j¿kdf tof/ ug{'kb{5 .� ;|f]t lbg] ;Defljt lgsfosf] p2]Zo / k|fyldstf If]q af/] hfgsf/L /fvL k|:tfjgf

k]z ug{'kb{5 .

k|:tfjgf n]vg vfsf Mk|:tfjgf n]vg ubf{ lgDg vfsfsf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

k[i7e"ld Mo; cGtu{t d'Vo u/]/ :Jff:Yo ;d:of, To;sf] lrq0f / cf}lrTosf af/]df k|i6;Fu v'n]sf]x'g'kb{5 .

nIo / p2]Zo Msfo{qmdsf] nIo / p2]Zo k|i6;Fu pNn]v ug'{kb{5 .p2]Zo n]Vbf lgDg s'/fx?nfO{ Vofn ug'{ kb{5 M

� lglb{i6 M km/s–km/s JofVofaf6 aRg :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v u/]sf]],� dfkgof]Uo M glthf xfFl;n ug{sf nflu eP u/]sf k|ultsf] cg'udg tyf d"NofÍgsf

nflu plrt� pko'Qm M kl/jt{gsf nflu k|efj kfg{ sfo{qmdsf] k|s[lt;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf],� oyfy{ M pknJw ;dofjlwdf g} glthf xfFl;n ug{ ;lsg] tyf� ;do;Ldf tf]lsPsf] M ;dfkgsf nflu lglb{i6 ;do tf]lsPsf] .

118


sfo{ ubf{ x'g] kmfObf Mof] sfo{qmd kZrft\ s] s:tf kmfObf x'G5g\ ltgsf] hfgsf/L lbOg'kb{5 .

nlIft ju{ Msfo{qmd s'g ju{nfO{ nlIft ul/Psf] xf] ;f] v'nfpg' kb{5 .

k|:tfljt sfo{qmd Mdfly pNn]v ul/Psf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ s] sfo{qmd ug]{ / s;/L ug]{ eGg] s'/f k|i6;Fun]Vg' kb{5 .

ah]6 MpQm sfo{qmd ug{ slt /sd nfUg] xf] ;f] s'/f v'nfpg' kb{5 .sfo{qmd ubf{ nfUg] s'n nfut zLif{s v'nfP/ n]Vg' kb{5 .

sfo{of]hgf M

lgDg vfsf k|of]u u/L sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug'{ kb{5 .

s] ug]{ < s;/L ug]{ < s;n] ug]{ < slxn] ;Dd ug]{ <

s] ug]{ M s'g of]hgf jf sfo{qmd ug]{ xf] pNn]v ug{] .s;/L ug]{ M sfo{qmd ug{] k|lqmof jf pkfox? n]Vg] .s;n] ug]{ M lhDd]jf/L tf]Sg] .slxn] ug]{ M ldlt tf]Sg] .

pbfx/0fsf lglDt ;ldltn] tof/ kf/]sf] jf:tljs k|:tfjgf tn k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 M

rf/ k6s ue{ hfFr ;]jf a9fpg slDb :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] tof/

u/]sf] k|:tfjgf

!= k[i7e"ldM

o; slDb uf=lj=;=df cjl:yt ue{jlt dlxnfx?n] :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 pknAw $ k6s ue{hfFr ;]jf o; cfly{s jif{sf] h]i7 dxLgf;Dd klRr; k|ltztn] dfq lnPsf] x'Fbf cfdftyf aRrf b'a} hf]lvddf ePsf]n] $ k6s ue{ hfFr ;]jf a9fpg' kg{] cfjZostfb]lvPsf] .

119


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

@= nIo tyf p2]ZoM

� $ k6s ue{ hfFr ;]jf lng] dlxnfx?sf] k|ult xfnsf] @%% af6 $(% ;Dd k'¥ofpg],� blnt, d'l:nd tyf lk5l8Psf ju{nfO{ nlIft u/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{] .

#= ;do cjlwM

� cfiff9 @)^& b]lv dfu{ @)^& ;Dd .

$= kmfObfx?M

� ue{jlt dlxnfx?nfO{ hf]lvd d'Qm ug{ .� dft[d[To'b/ 36fpg] sfo{df ;xof]u ug{ .� :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] sfo{ Ifdtf clea[lWbsf nflu cj;/

k|fKt x'g] cflb .

%= nlIft ju{M

� j8f gDj/ $, % / ^ sf d'l:nd ;d'bfosf dlxnfx? . � uf=lj=;= l:yt cGo j8fsf ue{jlt dlxnfx? .

^= lqmofsnfkx?M

� hg–r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd ug{] .� ufpF3/ lSnlgs Jojl:yt ?kdf ;~rfng u/fpg cg'udg ug{] .� :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf xKtfdf Ps k6s ue{ hfFr ;]jf lbg] sfo{qmdnfO{ lj:tf/ u/L k|To]s

lbg ;]jf lbg] sfo{qmd to u/L ;f] s'/fsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{] .� :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ;]jf lng cfpg] ;]jfu|fxLx?nfO{ klg rf/ k6s ue{ hfFrsf] dxTjjf/]

hfgsf/L lbO{ cf–cfk\mgf] ;d'bfodf k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ u/fpg nufpg] .� dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsfx?nfO{ cf–cfk\mgf j8fdf rf/ k6s ue{ hfFr ;]jfjf/] k|rf/

cleofg ug{ nufpg] .� d'l:nd ;d'bfosf k|d'v JolQmx?;Fu ;dGjo u/L rf/ k6s ue{ hfFrsf] dxTjjf/]

hfgsf/L lbg] / jxfFx?af6 ;d'bfodf k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ u/fpg k|f]T;xfg ug{] .� ljBfno;Fu ;dGjo u/L rf/ k6s ue{ hfFr ;]jfsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{] cflb .

&= jh]6M

� r]tgfd'ns sfo{qmd ug{ uf=lj=;=;Fu ?= !)))) dfu ug{] .� :jf:Yodf sfd ug{] cGo ;+3 ;+:yfx?;Fu klg ;dGjo u/L ;|f]]t h'6fpg kxn ug{] .

120


slDb pk:jf:Yo rf}sL ;~rfng tyf Joj:Yffkg ;ldltn] rf/ k6s ue{ hfFr ;]jf j[lWbsf

nflu tof/ u/]sf] sfo{of]hgf

s] ug{] < s;/L ug{] < s;n] ug{] < slxn] ug{] <

tof/ ug{]M k|dfl0ft ug{]MgfdM>L l6sf /fd jf]xf]/f gfdM >L nf]s]Gb| /fjnkbM;b:o ;lrj kbM cWoIfldltM@)^&/)@/@^ ut] ldltM@)^&/)@/@^ ut]

121


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f

kl/efiffMs'g}klg ;+3 ;+:yf jf lgsfosf];du| ultljlw -gLlt, ljlw,Jojxf/, sfo{qmd ;~rfngtyf ;|f ]t kl/rfng_ sf]lgoldttf, kf/blz {tf ,k|efjsfl/tf, sfo{bIftf /;fGble{stf af/] clwsf/jfnftyf ;/f]sf/jfnfn] cfkm\gf]cg'ej, a'emfO / b[li6sf]0fsfcfwf/df ul/g] ljZn]if0f,d"NofÍg, l6Kk0fL / k[i7kf]if0fug{] k|lqmofnfO{ ;fdflhsn]vfk/LIf0f elgG5 .

;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f Pp6fo:tf] k|lqmof xf], h;n] ;]jf lbg] ;+:yf, ;]jfu|fxL, ;xof]uL / ;/f]sf/jfnf aLr ;dembf/L, ;dGjo/ Ps cfk;sf] ;xof]udf j[l4 u/fO{ ;+:yfsf] ;fdflhs, g}lts, jftfj/0fLo, ljQLo / Joj:yfksLosfo{bIftfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg dbt k'¥ofpF5 .

;fdflhs n]vf k/LIf0fsf] l;4fGtM

s_ lj:t[t M;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0fdf s'g} ;+:yfsf] Pp6f lqmofsnfksf] dfq n]vfk/LIf0f gu/L To;sf ;du|ultljlw, nIo, p2]Zo, k|lta4tf af/] lj:t[t n]vfk/LIf0f ul/G5 . h:t} ef}lts, cfly{s,Joj:yfksLo lqmofsnfk, ;'zf;g, ;dfj]zLs/0f, ;+:yfut k|j[lQ tyf Jojxf/ .

v_ ax'kIfLo M;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0fn] ;dfhsf ;a} ju{, ;d'bfo, ;/f]sf/jfnf, ;/sf/L, u}X;/sf/L ;+3;+:yf,cflbsf] ultljlw, ljrf/, b[li6sf]0f / sfo{k|lqmofnfO{ ;d]6\b} ;a}nfO{ plrt :yfg lbG5 .

u_ t'ngfTds M;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0fdf clwsf/jfnf tyf ;d'bfon] ljleGg ;+3;+:yf jf lgsfosf] cfjlws¿kdf ;+:yfut ljlw, Jojxf/, lqmofsnfk / s'g ;+:yfn] s:tf] gLlt lnPsf] 5 / To;af6;~rflnt ultljlwaf6 ePsf] pknlAw c? ;+:yfsf] t'ngfdf s;/L leGg 5g\\ egL t'ngfTdsljZn]if0f ug{] / lgisif{ lgsfNg] ub{5 .

122


3_ lgoldt M;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f Pp6f lgoldt k|lqmof xf] . o;df ;+:yfn] u/]sf] k|lta4tf adf]lhd ;+:yfcufl8 a9]÷ga9]sf] af/] clwsf/jfnf / ;/f]sf/jfnfn] lgoldt hfgsf/L kfO{/xg' / pgLx?af6ljZn]if0f / d"NofÍg eO/xg' cfjZos x'G5 .

ª_ kf/blz{tf M;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0fn] ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;+3;+:yfsf] sfo{;Dkfbg af/] ;';"lrt u/fpFb5 .o; k|lqmofaf6 cfPsf glthf, k|dfl0ft tYofÍ, lgisif{ tyf ;'emfjnfO{ ;d'bfosf] ljleGg txdfk|jfx u/L kf/blz{tfdf clej[l4 ub{5 .

r_ hjfkmb]lxtf M;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0fsf] dfWodaf6 s'g} klg ;+3;+:yf jf lgsfo clwsf/jfnf tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfk|ltpQ/bfoL / hafkmb]xL x'g'kg{] cj:yfsf] ;[hgf ub{5 .

5_ sfo{;Dkfbg ;'wf/ M;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0fdf clwsf/jfnf / ;f/]sf/jfnfx?n] lbPsf] ;'emfj / k[i7kf]if0fnfO{ u|x0ful/G5 / k|fKt ;'emfj / k[i7kf]if0fsf] cfwf/df ;]jfk|bfos ;+3;+:yfsf] sfo{bIftfdf ;'wf/ Nofpgd2t k'¥ofpF5 .

h_ :jtGq M;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f sfo{ ;~rfng ubf{ ;Dk"0f{ ;xefuLx?n] :jtGq ¿kn] k|Zg, lh1f;f /;'emfj /fVg;Sg] jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf x'G5 .

em_ v'nfpg] M;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f k|lqmofaf6 cfPsf kl/0ffdnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ul/G5 .

:jf:Yo If]qdf ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0fsf] cf}lrToM:jf:Yo If]qdf ;|f]t / ;fwg qmlds ¿kdf j[l4 u/L s]Gb|af6 :yfgLo :t/;Dd lgIf]k0f ul/Psf]5 . /fli6«o k|fyldstf k|fKt sfo{qmdsf] ¿kdf xfn s]xL jif{b]lv gofF sfo{qmdx? h:t} M /fli6«olgMz'Ns :jf:Yo ;]jf, k|;"lt k|f]T;fxg sfo{qmd, ;fdflhs :jf:Yo ;'/Iff, ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0fcflb nfu'ul/Psf] 5 . tfklg ;|f]t / ;fwg a9] cg'¿k cfztLt k|ult eg] ePsf] kfOPsf] 5}g .t;y{, hgtfn] lt/]]sf] s/;d]taf6 ;~rflnt :jf:Yo;]jf ;DaGwL sfo{qmdsf af/]df ;]jfu|fxLtyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;+nUgtfdf ;]jfk|bfossf] sfo{;Dkfbgsf af/]df n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ dgfl;jb]lvG5 . t;y{, :jf:YoIf]qdf ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f ug{'kg{] cf}lrTo lgDgfg';f/ plNnlvtul/Psf] 5 M

s_ :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] gLlt, cEof;x? / sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?sf] Jojxf/df hjfkmb]lxtf, kf/blz{tf/ :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?af6 lbOg] u'0f:t/Lo ;]jfsf] tTk/tfdf clej[l4 ug{ .

123


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

v_ ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ k|efjsf/L / u'0ffTds :jf:Yo ;]jf k'¥ofpg] sfo{sf nflu d2t k'¥ofpg .

u_ ;d'bfonfO{ klg :jf:Yo sfo{qmdx? cfkm\gf] sfo{qmd x'g\ eGg] efjgf hufpg k|f]T;fxg ug{/ ;d'bfosf] bfloTjaf]w u/fpg .

3_ ;]jfu|fxL tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;'emfj / k[i7kf]if0fåf/f :jf:Yo;]jf Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/Nofpg] jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf ug{ .

;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0fsf ;Ldfx?M

;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0fsf s]xL ;Ldfx? 5g\\ . h:t}M� ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f k|lqmofn] lgoldt ;'kl/j]If0f, cg'udg / d"NofÍg k|0fnLnfO{

lj:yflkt ug{ ;Sb}g . o;n] oL k|lqmofx?sf] kl/k"/ssf ¿kdf e"ldsf v]Ng ;Sb5 .� ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0fsf] sfg"gL dfGotf 5}g, t/ sfg"gL k|fjwfgnfO{ eg] ;xof]u ug{

;Sb5 .

;fdflhs n]vf k/LIf0fsf] k|lqmofdf ;dfj]z ug{'kg{] ljifoj:t'x? M

s_ ;+:yfut ljj/0f M o; cGtu{t lgDg ljj/0fx? tof/ ug{' kb{5 M� ;+:yfsf] p2]Zo,� ;+:yfsf] ;Fu7gfTds ;+/rgf, :jLs[t b/aGbL / sfo{/t sd{rf/L,� ;+:yfsf] sfof{Gjog k|lqmof / lg0f{o lng] k4lt .

v_ of]hgf, sfo{qmd tyf sfof{Gjog;fdflhs n]vf kl/If0fn] of]hgfrqm Joj:yfkgnfO{ ;d]t ;d]6]sf] x'G5, h;df of]hgf th'{df,sfof{Gjog, d"NofÍg / k[i7kf]if0f kb{5g\\ . o; cGtu{t lgDg ljifoj:t'x? ;d]l6g' kb{5 M

� k|d'v sfo{qmd, lqmofsnfk / ah]6,� ;"rs÷nIo cg';f/sf] k|ult,� u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f÷:t/Lotf .

u_ ljQLo Joj:yfkg / sfo{k|ulto; cGtu{t cfly{s sf/f]af/sf] k|s[lt, kl/df0f, kl/rfng ;DaGwL lgDg ljifox? ;d]l6g' kb{5M

� sfo{qmd ah]6 / vr{,� vl/b k|lqmof – gLlt, of]hgf / k|ult,� ljQLo n]vfk/LIf0fsf] k|ltj]bg .

3_ ;+:yfsf] ;dGjo / ;DaGw Mo; cGtu{t :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf clwsf/jfnf / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fusf] ;dGjofTds e"ldsf af/]pNn]v ug{'kb{5 . h:t} M

124


� ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ljZn]if0f -klxrfg, sfo{qmd, e"ldsf / Ps cfk;sf] ;DaGw cflb_,� ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf / ;xof]u .

;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f – Ps k|lqmof;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f Pp6f lg/Gt/ k|lqmof xf] . ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0fsf nflu ;fj{hlgs e]nfk|To]s cfly{s jif{df sDtLdf b'O{ k6s clwsf/jfnf / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] /f]xj/df ug{'kb{5 .klxnf] k6s cfly{s jif{sf z'?d} ;+:yfsf] jflif{s sfo{qmd k|fKt ePkl5 / bf];|f] k6s cfly{sjif{sf] ;dflKtkl5 ubf{ pko'Qm x'G5 .

;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f ug{] ljlwMo; ljlwsf nflu cfjZos kg{] tof/L / Go"gtd ;"rgf lgDg a'+bfx?df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5g\ M

s_ ;"rgfx?sf] ;+of]hg / ljt/0fMlhNnf hg:jf:Yo÷:jf:Yo sfof{nox?n] ;DaGwLt lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt / :jf:Yo ;+:yfn];DaGwLt g=kf=÷uf=lj=;=sf] ;dGjodf clwsf/jfnf / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ cfly{s jif{sf]sfo{qmd k|fKt ePkl5 ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f -klxnf] k6s_ z'?jftsf] ¿kdf cfof]hgf ug{'kg{]x'G5 . pQm sfo{qmdsf nflu lgDg cg';f/sf] ljj/0f sDtLdf Ps xKtf cufj} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{pknAw u/fpg' kg{]x'G5 .

� jflif{s sfo{qmd tyf ah]6sf af/]df ;+lIfKt ljj/0f,� :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?af6 pknAw u/fOg] ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfx?sf] hfgsf/L .

dfly plNnlvt ljj/0fx? lgDg adf]lhdsf dFWodx?af6 k|;f/0f jf ljt/0f ug{ ;lsg] 5 .� ;"rgf kf6L,� kDkn]6, krf{, a'n]l6g tyf j]j;fO6,� :yfgLo klqsf tyf :yfgLo Pkm=Pd= /]l8of]x?,� lhNnfdf cjl:yt ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+3 ;+:yfx?,� :jf:Yo sfo{stf{ tyf dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+ ;]ljsf Pj+ cfdf;d"x,� gful/s a8fkq .

v_ jflif{s ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f -bf];|f] k6s – cfly{s jif{sf] cGTodf_ M:jf:Yo ;+:yfn] ;+:yfut ljj/0f;Fu ;DaGwLt s'/fx?, sfo{qmd of]hgf, sfof{Gjog, ljQLoJoj:yfkg, sfo{;Dkfbg tyf ;+:yfsf] ;dGjo / ;DaGw ;DaGwL cfjZos ;"rgfx? pknAwu/fpg'kb{5 . o; afx]s lgDg s'/fx?;d]t tof/ x'g'kb{5 M

� Gfful/s a8fkq,� jflif{s ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd / jflif{s k|ult,� :jf:Yo ;+:yf tyf :jf:YosdL{x?sf] sfo{tflnsf,

125


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

� cg'udg k'l:tsf ,� ef}lts tyf ljQLo k|ult k|ltj]bg,� a}7ssf lg0f{ox?,� lhNnf jf :yfgLo txdf :jf:YoIf]qdf sfo{/t ;/sf/L÷u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] gfdfjnL

;+sngsf ;fy} tL ;+:yfx?af6 k|fKt ;|f]t / gS;f+sg .

;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f ;fdfGotof tLg b]lv rf/ 306fleq ;DkGg x'g] u/L Joj:yfkg ug{'kg{]x'G5 . ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0fsf nflu lgDg cg';f/sf r/0fx? cg';/0f ug{'kg{] x'G5 .

tof/L r/0fdf ug{'kg{] lqmofsnfkx?M� ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f ;xhLs/0fsf nflu ;Dej eP;Dd :jtGq / gePsf] v08df

:jf:YoIf]qdf sfo{/t :yfgLo :t/sf u}X;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yf tyf ;d"xsf k|ltlglwx?dWo]af6 ;xhstf{sf] rog ug{'kg{] x'G5 .

� ldlt, :yfg / sfo{qmdsf] ljifoj:t';lxt ;xefuLx?sf] ;"rL tof/ u/L ;xeflutfsfnflu lgdGq0f k7fpg] .

� :jf:Yo ;+:Yffsf] :t/ / sfo{ljj/0f cg';f/ ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0fsf ;xefuLx? rogug{' kg{] x'G5 . lhNnf :t/ / :yfgLo :t/df ge} gx'g] ;xefuLx?sf] ;"rL tflnsf g+=!Dff pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

� :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf ;DaGwLt ;a} sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f ;DaGwL sfo{ tyflhDd]jf/L af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg{]5 . h;n] ubf{ ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0fsf] ;dodfclwsf/jfnf tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?af6 cfpg] k|Zg tyf lh1f;fx?sf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;xhxf];\\ .

� ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f sfo{sf nflu rflxg] cfjZos ;fdu|Lsf] Joj:yfkg ug'{kb{5 .� ;DaGwLt ;+:yfn] u/]sf lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0fsf k|lqmofdf ;dfj]z

ug{'kg{] ljifoj:t'x? cg';f/ k|:t'tLs/0fsf nflu tof/ u/L ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf ;"rgf 6fF;ug{] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

;~rfngsf] r/0fdf ckgfpg'kg{] lqmofsnfkx?M!= ;xefuL ;+Vof cg';f/ ljleGg ju{, hflt, ;d'bfo, lnË cflbsf] ;xeflutf / bf]xf]/f]

;+rf/ x'g]u/L uf]nfsf/ jf cw{uf]nfsf/ ¿kdf :yfgsf] Joj:yf ug{] .

@= ;xefuLx?sf] pkl:ylt u/fpg] .

#= ;DaGwLt ;+:yf k|d'vn] ;xefuLx?nfO{ :jfut ub}{ sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo jf/]df k|sfz kfg{] .$= ;xhstf{sf] kl/ro u/fpFb} sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf nflu ;xhstf{nfO{ d~r x:tfGt/0f

ug{] .

%= ;xhstf{n] ;j{k|yd ;xefuLx?sf] kl/ro u/fpg] .

^= ;xhstf{n] ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0fsf] sfo{ / If]qsf] af/]df :ki6 kfg{] .

126


&= ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f sfo{qmdnfO{ ;xL / Jojl:yt 9Ën] ;~rfng ug{ ;xeflutfd"nscfrf/;+lxtf lgwf{/0f ug{] .

*= o;eGbf cufl8 ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] eP ;f] sfo{qmdaf6 cfPsf k[i7kf]if0f tyf;+:yfn] u/]sf k|lta4tf;d]t k|:t't ug{] .

(= ;DaGwLt ;+:yfn] u/]sf lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ ;DaGwLt JolQmx?af6 k|:t't ug{] Joj:yfldnfpg] .

!)= ljifoj:t'df s]lGb|t /x]/ 5nkmn u/fpg] .

!!= ;+:yfsf] p2]Zo, gLlt–lgod, sfo{qmdsf] kl/lw / ;+:yfsf] Ifdtfleq /x]/ ;xeflutfd"nscfwf/df ;+:yfsf k|lta4tfx?sf] d:of}bf tof/ u/L tTsfn hfgsf/L u/fpg] .

!@= cGtdf, ;a}nfO{ wGojfb lb+b} ;/f]sf/jfnfaf6 cfPsf d'Vo ;Nnfx / ;'emfjx?nfO{cfTd;ft\ ub}{ sfo{qmd ;dfkg ug{] .

;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f kZrft\ ug{'kg{] lqmofsnfkx?M

s_ lgDg lnlvt s'/fx? ;d]6L k|ltj]bg tof/ ug{]M� ckgfOPsf ljlw tyf k|ls|ofx?,� p7fOPsf d'Vo d'Vo ;jfnx?,� ;+:yfn] u/]sf k|lta4tfx?,� l;s]sf d'Vo d'Vo s'/fx?, ca;/ / r'gf}tLx?,� ;xefuLx?sf] gfdfjnL jf ;+Vof .

v_ k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs ug{]M� ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ pknAw x'g] u/L ;+:yfdf k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs ug{] .� k|ltj]bgsf k|ltlnlkx? lgDg ;+:yfx?nfO{ pknAw u/fpg] .

� lh=lj=;= -lhNnf :t/_ ÷ uf=lj=;= -uf=lj=;= :t/_

� :yfgLo ;+rf/ dfWod

� d'Vo d'Vo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?

� ;DaGwLt :jf:YosdL{, :jo+;]ljsf, cfdf ;d"xx? � lhNnf hg:jf:Yo÷:jf:Yo sfof{nosf] jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf ;fdflhs n]vf

k/LIf0fsf] k|ltj]bg ;dfj]z ug{] .

u_ sfo{of]hgf tof/L tyf sfof{Gjog:jf:Yo ;+:yfn] ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0faf6 k|fKt glthfsf cfwf/df ;+:yfsf] ;jn kIf /;'wf/ ug{'kg{] kIfsf] d"NofÍg u/L n]vfk/LIf0fsf] cj;/df u/]sf] k|lta4tfnfO{ k"/f ug{sfo{of]hgf agfpg] / sfof{Gjog ug{] .

127


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

of]hgf th'{df

:yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfngtyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf Pp6fdxTjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L dWo] cfˆgf]uf=lj=;= sf] :jf:Yo of]hgf lgdf{0f/ To;sf] sfof{Gjog xf] . ;ldltn]cfˆgf] :jf:Yo ;+:yf cGtu{tsfuf=lj=;= el/sf] :jf:Yo of]hgfagfpg ;s] pQm of]hgf ptm;d'bfosf jf:tljs :jf:Yo;d:ofx? / cfjZostfcg'¿ksf] x'g]5 . ljutdf :jf:Yo;DaGwL of]hgfx? dflyNnf]lgsfoaf6 algcfpg] kl/kf6Ln];d 'bfosf ljlzi6cfjZostfx?nfO{ g;d]6]sf]kfOG5 . To;}n] ;ldltsf kxndfcfˆgf] uf=lj=;= sf] :jf:Yo of]hgf cfk}m agfpg ;s] ;d'bfosf] jf:tljs cfjZostfnfO{klxrfg u/L u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;lsG5 .

of]hgf eg]sf] s] xf] <cK7\of/f] sfdnfO{ ;/n agfpg], sfdsf] rfFhf]kfFhf] ldnfpg] jf eljionfO{ cfkm" cg's"n agfpg]sfo{ g} of]hgf th{'df xf] . csf{] zAbdf lglZrt p2]Zo k|flKtsf lglDt s], slxn], sxfF, s;/L,lsg cflb h:tf k|Zgx?sf] hafkm;lxt ul/Psf] k"j{tof/L tyf b:tfj]h g} of]hgf xf] .;/f]sf/jfnf ;a} ldn]/ agfPsf] of]hgf g} ;xeflutfd"ns of]hgf xf] .

:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% n] ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] dfWodaf6 ;xeflud"ns 9Ëaf6 :yfgLoIf]qsf] ljsf;sf] of]hgf th{'df ug{' kg{] s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf x:tfGt/0ftyf ;~rfngsf nflu tof/ ul/Psf] lgb{]lzsf @)^) n] :yfgLo txdf lgDg sf/0fn] ubf{of]hgfsf] cfjZostf /x]sf] s'/f k'li6 u/]sf] 5 .

of]hgf th{'df ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg{] s'/fM� ;d:of, cfjZostf / cj;/x?sf] vf]hL ;xeflud"ns 9Ën] ug{] .� ;d:of tyf cfjZostfx?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f ug{] .� :yfgLo ;|f]t ;fwgsf] vf]hL ug{] .� p2]Zo, lqmofsnfk cflb :ki6 kfg .� sfof{Gjogsf] lhDd]jf/L :ki6 kfg{] cflb .

128


of]hgfsf kfFr æsÆkfFr æsÆ df cfwfl/t eP/ of]hgf agfpbf k|efjsf/L x'G5 .

s] < lsg < s;/L < slxn] < s;n] <

pbfx/0fsf lglDt Pp6f uf=lj=;=df :jf:Yo ;DaGwL hfgsf/L u/fpg cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdug{' k¥of] eg] % s k|of]u u/L lgDg cg';f/ of]hgf agfpg ;lsG5 .

� s] ug{] <M of] uf =lj =;= sf gf} j6} j8fdf @@% cfO/g rSsL ;jgaf/] nlIft ;d"x-ue{jtL / $@ lbgleqsf ;'Ts]/L_ nfO{ e]nf ul/ cfO/g ;]jgaf6 x'g] kmfObfaf/]atfpg] .

� lsg ug]{ <M @@% cfO/g ;]jgjf6 cfdf / aRrfsf] :jf:Yodf ;sf/fTds k|efj kg{]

ePsf]n] . nIo cg';f/ k|ult xfFl;n gePsfn] .� s;/L ug{] <M Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] a}7sdf 5nkmn u/L j8f — j8fdf r]tgfd"ns

sfo{qmd dfkm{t ug{] .� s;n] ug{] <M Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:o, dlxnf :jf:Yo :j+o ;]ljsf, :jf:Yo

;+:yfsf sd{rf/L� slxn] ug{] <M

j8f g+ ! df ==========ut] ug{] .

j8f g+ @ df ==========ut] ug{] .

To;} u/L k|To]s j8fdf lglZrt ldlt tf]sL ug{] .

:yfgLo txdf of]hgfsf] cfjZostf M� :yfgLo txdf hg;xeflutf h'6fpg ;lhnf] kg{] .� cfkm}]n] agfPsf] of]hgf x'Fbf sfof{Gjogdf ;lhnf] x'g] .� hgtfnfO{ clt cfjZos k/]sf s'/fx?df k|fyldstf lbgsf nflu .� :yfgLo lgsfosf] cfly{s ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] klxrfg x'g] tyf kl/rfng ug{df d2t

k'¥ofpg] x'Fbf cfTdlge{/tf j[l4 u/fO{ lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu .� :yfgLo :t/df cfOkg{] ;d:ofx?nfO{ :yfgLo cfjZostf / kl/l:ylt cg's"n

;dfwfg ug{sf nflu .� ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] ;j{dfGo l;4fGt Jojxf/df sfof{Gjog u/fpg / k|hftGqsf cfwf/e"t

cË :yfgLo :jfoQ ;/sf/nfO{ :yfgLo hgtfk|lt hafkmb]xLtf jxg u/fpgsf nflu .

129


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

of]hgfrqmMs'g} klg of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{ tn k|:t't ul/Psf] of]hgfrqm cg';f/ ug'{kb{5 . of]hgfrqmsf ljleGg r/0fx?sf af/] 5f]6\s/Ldf tn k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 M

;d:of ljZn]if0f;fdfGo cy{df ck]lIft sfo{;Dkfbg ug{] u/fpg] qmddf xfn b]vf k/]sf ljleGg afwf c8\rgjf ;d:ofx? klxrfg ug{ ckgfOg] tf}/tl/sf g} ;d:of ljZn]if0f xf] . ;ldltn] :jf:Yo;DaGwL ;d:ofx?sf] ljZn]if0f lgDg ljlwåf/f ug{;Sb5 .

� ljleGg ;]jf /lhi6/ tyf Dffl;s cg'u+dg sfo{k'l:tsfsf] ljZn]if0f .� ;fdflhs gS;fsf] cWoog .� ljleGg j8fx?df uP/ k|fylds tYofÍ ;+sng / ljZn]if0f .

k|fyldsLs/0f;d:ofx?sf] ljZn]if0f ul/;s]kl5 ;dfwfg ug'{kg]{ w]/} ;d:ofx? cfpg ;Sb5g\ t/ tL;d:ofx?nfO{ Ps} k6s ;dfwfg ug{ ;ls+b}g . To;}sf/0f ;d:ofx?sf] k|s[ltcg';f/k|fyldsLs/0f u/]/ ;dfwfg vf]Hg'kg]{ x'G5 . o; af/] cl3Nnf kf7x?df g} lj:t[t ¿kdfpNn]v ul/;lsPsf] 5 .

;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg vf]Hg]k|fyldsLs/0f kZrft\ kQf nfu]sf ;d:ofx?sf] jf:tljs h8 sf/0f kQf nufO{ ;dfwfgug'{kg]{ x'G5 . o; af/] klg cl3Nnf kf7x?df g} lj:t[t ¿kdf pNn]v ul/;lsPsf] 5 .

130


of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug]{;d:ofx?sf jf:tljs sf/0fx? kQf nufO;s]kl5 tL ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ pko'Qmsfo{of]hgf agfO{ ;dfwfg ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . o;af/] klg cl3Nnf kf7x?df lj:t[t ¿kdf pNn]vul/;lsPsf] 5 .

sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg d"NofÍgsfof{Gjog ul/Psf sfo{x?sf] ;do ;dodf cg'udg ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ;fy} sfo{qmdn] nIocg';f/sf] k|ult xfFl;n ug{ ;s]sf] jf g;s]sf] lgSof{}n ug{ d"NofÍg klg ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

;ldltsf] of]hgfnfO{ uf=lj=;= sf] of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ug]{Mk|To]s jif{ lhNnf :t/Lo ;xeflud"ns of]hgf aGb5, h; cGtu{t 6f]n, j8f x'Fb} lhNnf :t/;Dd ljleGg r/0fdf u/L of]hgf th'{df x'G5 . Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] cfˆgf] uf=lj=;= cGtu{t of];xeflud"ns of]hgf th'{dfsf] ;do kf/L :jf:Yo ;DaGwL of]hgfnfO{ klg To;}df ;dflxtug'{kb{5 . ljz]if u/]/ uf=lj=;= kl/ifb\df k]z ug]{ u/L :jf:Yo ;DaGwL of]hgf agfpg' kb{5 .uf=lj=;= sf] of]hgfdf ;ldltn] agfPsf of]hgfx? ;dfj]z ubf{ x'g] kmfObfx? lgDg cg';f/5g\ M

� sltko ;d:of ;ldlt cfkm}n] ;dfwfg ug{ g;Sg] / tL ;d:of uf=lj=;=sf] ;xof]u jfuf=lj=;= dfkm{t To; eGbf dflyNnf] lgsfosf] ;xof]udf dfq ug{ ;lsg] vfnsf x'g]x'gfn]

� :jf:Yo ;+:yf x:tfGtl/t cj:yfdf uf=lj=;=sf] Pp6f lgsfosf] ¿kdf ePsfn] .

dfly pNn]v ul/Psf] ;xeflud"ns of]hgfsf] lj:t[t r/0fx? tn lbOPsf] 5g\ M

131


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

;xe

flutfTds o

f]hgf th{'df k|lqm

ofs

f r/0

fx?

:yfg

Lo ljs

f; d

Gqfn

o

/fli6

«o o

f]hgf cfo

f]u

of]h

gf th{'efs

f r/0

fx?

sfd

÷sfo

{x?

;+nUg

x'g] ;

xefu

L pQ/b

foL ;+:y

f ;do t

flnsf

lhNn

f kl/ifb\af

6 kfl/t

ePs

f] lh

Nnf ljsf;

of]h

gf

:yf=

lj= d= /

/fli6

«o of

]hgf

cfo

f]udf k7

fpg]

rf}w

f}+ r/0

f lh

Nnf

ljsf;

of]h

gf

sfo

f{Gjog

ljifo

ut d

Gqfn

o;Fu ;

DaGw

Lt lg0

f{o ;

DalGw

t ljifo

ut d

Gqfn

odf k7

fpg]

/f=o

f]=cf,

:yf=lj=

d= /

ljifo

ut

dGq

fnox

? lh

=lj=;

=

r}q

!) u

t]leq

t]x|f}+ r/0

f lh

Nnf kl/ifb

k|:tf

ljt

lhNn

f ljsf;

of]h

gfsf] d:o

f}bfd

f Jo

fks

5nkmn u

/L c

fjZo

s ;

'emfj

;lxt

lhNn

f ljsf;

of

]hgf

kl/ifb

\af6

kfl/t

ug{]

lhNn

f kl/ifb\sf kfif{b

x?

lh=lj

=;=

kmfNu'g

d;fGt

leqd

f

lhNn

f ljsf;

of]h

gfnfO{ c

lGtd ¿

k lbg, g

]kfn

;/s

f/af

6 k|fKt

gLlt

, dfu

{bz{g, c

fjlws o

f]hgf

nIo

, e"pko

f]u g

S;f,

j:t'u

t ljj/

0f, ;|f]t

gS;

f, jf

tfj/

0fLo

k|efj /

Onfs

f On

fsfa

Lrsf] ;Gt

'ng

cflb

af/]df ljZn

]if0f ug

{]

lhNn

f:t/

df ;~r

fng

ug{] ljs

f; c

fof]h

gf, s]Gb

|Lo

:t/s

f] ;xo

f]uaf

6 ;~r

fng

x'g] c

fof]h

gf /

cGo

;+:y

fsf] ;xo

f]uaf

6 ;~r

fng

x'g] c

fof]h

gfx?

sf]

5'§f5'6}

juL{s

/0f ug

{]

afx|f}+ r

/0f lh

=lj=;

= a}7

s

ljifo

ut j

f If]qu

t ¿kd

f k|fyld

stf

tf]s

L lh

Nnf

kl/ifb\df cg'd

f]bgs

f nflu

k]z u

g{ lh

Nnf ljsf;

of

]hgf

sf] d:o

f}bfn

fO{ c

lGtd ¿

k lbg]

lh=lj

=; ;

efklt

, pk;

efklt

/

lh=lj

=;=s

f ;b:

ox?

lh

=lj=;

=

kmfNu'gs

f] t

];|f]

xKtf;

Dddf

P3f/f} r/0

f Ps

Ls[t

of]hgf

th{'df ;ld

lt

a}7s

cfo

f]hgf

cfo

f]hgf

aLr k

l/k"/

s /

kl/kf]ifs

;Da

Gw

x]/L cfj

Zostf

cg';

f/ ;

+zf]w

g, y

k36

Pj+

k|fyld

stf

qmd

/fvL lh

=lj=;

a}7s

df lh

Nnf ljsf;

of

]hgf

d:o

f}bf k]z

ug{]

lh=lj

=; ;

efklt

, pk;

efklt

, ;Da

GwLt

lhNn

fsf ;+f;

bx?,

ljifo

ut ;

+of]hs, ljifo

ut

lgsfo

k|d'v /

sfo

{qmd;Fu

;Da

lGwt

lhNn

fsf] u}X

;/s

f/L

lh=lj

=;= /

lji

fout

zfv

f sfo

{fno, u

}=;=

;= /

lghL If]q

kmfNu'gs

f] bf];|f]

xKtf;

Dddf

of]hgf t

h{'efs

f r/0

fx?

sfd

÷sfo{x?

;+nUg x

'g] ;x

efuL

pQ/b

foL ;+:

yf;d

o tfln

sf

132


of]h

gf th{'efs

f r/0

fx?

sfd

÷sfo

{x?

;+nUg

x'g] ;

xefu

L pQ/b

foL ;+:y

f ;do t

flnsf

;+3;+:y

fsf] k|ltlglw

b;f}+ r/0

f ljifo

ut

of]hgf

th{'df uf

]i7L

Onfs

fx?a

f6 k

|fKt o

f]hgf

nfO{ lji

fout o

f]hgf

th{'df ;ld

ltn] lhNn

f:t/

/ s]Gb|Lo

:t/s

f] cfo

f]hgf

df ;dfj]z u

g{] u/L j

uL{s

/0f ug{]

/ To

:tf

cfo

f]hgf

sf] k|fyld

stfqmd

;d]t lgw

f{/0f u

/L

PsLs

[t o

f]hgf

th{'df ;ld

ltdf d:o

f}bf k]z

ug{]

lh=lj

=; n

] tf]s

]sf] ;b:

o,

uX;

/sf/L ;+:y

fsf k|ltlglw, sfo

{ k|s

[ltcg';

f/sf] ljifo

ut z

fvfs

f k|d

'v

lh=lj

=;= /

lji

fout

zfv

f /

sfo

{fno

kmfNu'gs

f] klxn

f] xKtf;

Dddf

Onfs

fleqs

f uflj

; /

gu/k

flnsfs

f] kl/ifb\af

6 :j

Ls[t e

Psf cfo

f]hgf

x?nfO{ lji

fout I

f]qle

q k]z

ug]{

u/L c

fof]h

gfsf] k|fyld

stfqmd

lgw

f{/0f u

/L

lh=lj

=; s

f] ljifo

ut ;

ldlt

df k7

fpg]

Gfjf} r/0

f On

fsf :t

/Lo

of]hgf

th{'df uf

]i7L

Onfs

f ;+of

]hs /

lh=lj

=; ;

b:on

] ;Da

GwLt

On

fsfle

qsf cfo

f]hgf

x?sf] k|fyld

stf lgwf{/0

f ug

{ cf–cfkm\g

f On

fsfd

f uf

]i7L cfo

f]hgf

ug{]

Onfs

f ;b:

o, u

f=lj=

; c

WoIf,

pkfWo

If, gu

/kfln

sf k|d

'v,

pkk

|d'v,;

lrj, lji

fout z

fvf /

ljQLo

;+:y

fsf] k|d

'v j

f k|ltlglw

tyf u}X;

/sf/L ;+:y

fsf k|ltlglw

lh=lj

=;= On

fsf ;b:

o,

uflj

; /

ljifo

ut

zfv

f sfo

{fno

df3

sf] t];|f]

xKtf;

Dddf

ufp

F / a

:tLa

f6 c

fPsf of

]hgf

x?dWo

]

uflj

;sf] cfkm\g

} ;|f]t

/ ;

fwgn

] ;~r

fng

ug{]

of]hgf

x? s

fo{fGj

ogsf nflu

ufp

F ljs

f; ;

ldlt

af6

cfo

f]hgf

:jLs[lt

lbg

]

cf7f}+ r/0

f uf

pF k

l/ifb

\

uflj

;sf] ;|f]t

;fw

g P+j

Ifd

tfe

Gbf af

lx/s

f cfo

f]hgf

nfO{ ;

f]xL s}lkmo

t v

'nfO{ k

|fyld

stfqmd

tf]s

L ufp

F :t/Lo

of]hgf

x? lhlj;df cfjZo

s

sfo

{jfxLsf nflu

k7fpg]

UffpF k

l/ifb

\sf kfif{b

x?

uf=lj=

;=

kf}if

d;fGt

leqd

f

k|To]s

a:t

Lx?a

f6 k

|fKt o

f]hgf

x? ;

"rLs

[t u

g{]

cfo

f]hgf

x?sf] ju

L{s/0

f /

pkn

Aw x

'g] ;|f]t

/

;fw

gsf] lgwf

] ug{]

;ft

f}+ r/0

f uf

=lj=;

a}7

s

cfo

f]hgf

x?sf] k|fyld

stfqmd

lgw

{f/0f u

g{] /

uflj

;

;|f]t

af6

;~r

fng

ug{;

Sg] /

g:Sg]

cfo

f]hgf

x?

5'6\o

fpg]

/ ;f] sf] ;"rL /

cg'd

flgt

nfu

t;d]t

uf=lj

=;= sf kb

flwsf/Lx?

/ ljifo

ut z

fvf k|ltlglw

uf=lj=

;=

kf}if

dxLgf

sf]

t];|f] xKtfle

qdf

of]hgf t

h{'efs

f r/0

fx?

sfd

÷sfo{x?

;+nUg x

'g] ;x

efuL

pQ/b

foL ;+:

yf;d

o tfln

sf

133


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

of]h

gf th{'efs

f r/0

fx?

sfd

÷sfo

{x?

;+nUg

x'g] ;

xefu

L pQ/b

foL ;+:y

f ;do t

flnsf

to

f/ u

g]{

5}+7f}+ r

/0f j8

f ;ld

lt

a}7s

a:tL

:t/a

f6 k

|fKt c

fof]h

gfx?

sf] j8

f:t/

df

k|fyld

stf

lgw

f{/0f u

g{] .

Jf8f ;b:

ox?

/ j8

f cWo

If,

;fd

'bflos ;

+:yf /

pke

f]Qmf

;d"x

Jf8f ;ld

lt

kf}if

dxLgf

sf]

bf];|f] xKtf

leqd

f

af:t

Lsf clwstd

kl/jf/n

fO{ k

mfObf k

'Ug]

cfo

f]hgf

x? ;

xeflu

tfTd

s 5

nkmnåf/f k

lxrfg

Pj+

k|fyld

stf

qmd lgw

f{/0f u

g{ :y

fgLo

hgt

f /

;fd

'bflos ;

+:yf /

pke

f]Qmf

;d"xx

?nfO{ k

l/rfn

g ug

{]

KffFrf}+ r/0

f a:

tL:t

/sf]

of]hgf

5g\f

}6

;xe

flutf

Tds ¿

kdf klxr

fg u

l/Ps

f a:

tL:t

/sf

cfo

f]hgf

x?sf] ljj/

0f o

f]hgf

cg'/

f]w k

mf/fd

e/L

;xe

fuL ;a}a

f6 b

:tvt

u/fp

g]

:yfg

Lo a

fl;Gb

f, u}=

;=;

pke

f]Qmf

;d"x, ;

fd'bflos ;

+:yf,

j8f

cWo

If /

;b:

ox?

j8f cWo

If /

;b:

ox?

kf}ifs

f] klxn

f] xKtf

leqd

f

Rff}y

f] r/0

f uf

=lj=;

sf]

a}7s

uf=lj

=;=n

] j8f /

a:tL

:t/d

f ;~r

fng

x'g] s

fo{qmd

af/]

cWo

og /

ljZ

n]if0

f ug

{] uf

=lj=;

=, lh

=lj=;

/

ljifo

ut

zfv

fx?s

f k|ltl

glw

uf=lj

=;

kf}ifs

f] klxn

f] xKtf

df

ljifo

ut lgs

fox?

sf] gL

lt, p2]Z

o, s

fo{qmd, ;|f]t

;fw

g ty

f cfu

fdL ji

f{df k|fKt

x'g]

sfo

{qmd /

cg'b

fgsf ;Ld

f af

/]df hfg

sf/L u/

fpg], u

flj;

cg';

f/ c

g'dflg

t cg'b

fg 5

'6\ofp

g]

t];|f] r/0

f of

]hgf

th{'df

a}7s

a:tL

:t/d

f eg{'k

g{] of

]hgf

cg'/

f]w k

mf/fd

ljt

/0f /

pQm kmf/fd

eg{]

tl/s

fsf] cEo

f; u

flj; c

WoIf,

pkfWo

If, ;lr

j /

cGo

nfO{ u

/fpg]

lh=lj

=; k

bflwsf/Lx?, lji

fout

zfv

fsf k|d

'v, ljQLo

;+:y

fsf

k|ltl

glw, p

Bf]u

jfl0

fHo

;+3, u}/

;/s

f/L ;+:y

fsf k|d

'v t

yf uf

pF

ljsf;

;ld

ltsf cWo

If, pkfWo

If

/ ;lr

j

lh=lj

=; ,uf

=lj=;

= /

ljifo

ut z

fvf k|d

'v|

d+l;

/ dxLgf

sf]

bf];|f] xKtf

;Dd

df

bf];|f] r/0

f d

fu{bz

{gsf]

k'g/fjn

f]sg

ljifo

ut d

Gqfn

o /

/f=o

f]=cf af

6 k|fKt

cg'b

fgsf]

k"jf{g

'dfg

, gL

lt /

dfu

{bz{gs

f] ljZn

]if0f Pj

+ k'g

/fjn

f]sg

ug{]

lh=lj

=; ;

efklt

, ;b:

o /

ljifo

ut z

fvfs

f k|d

'v

lh=lj

=;

d+l;

/sf] klxn

f]

xKtf

;Dd

k|yd r

/0f dfu

{bz{g

s]Gb

|Lo :t/

sf ljifo

ut dGq

fnox

? /

/f=o

f]=cf af

6 cfjZo

stf

g';f/ d

fu{bz

{g /

cfu

fdL ji

f{sf]

cg'd

flgt

cg'b

fg ;

Ldf k7

fpg]

lh=lj

=; lhNn

f:t/

sf ljifo

ut

zfv

fx?

/f=o

f] cf=

/ ljifo

ut

zfv

fx?

sflt

{s

d;fGt

;Dd

of]hgf t

h{'efs

f r/0

fx?

sfd

÷sfo{x?

;+nUg x

'g] ;x

efuL

pQ/b

foL ;+:

yf;d

o tfln

sf

134


d"Nof°g

tflnd d"NofÍg cGtu{t ;xefuLx?nfO{ ;f]lwg] k|Zg / pQ/x?sf] gd"gf o;k|sf/ 5g\ M

k|ZgM x:tfGt/0f eg]sf] s] xf] <pQ/M x:tfGt/0f eGgfn] dflyNnf] lgsfon] cfkm"df cGtlg{lxt sfd, lhDd]jf/L, clVtof/,;fwg;|f]t tyf ;"rgf cflb clVtof/ k|fKt ;DalGwt JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ lglZrt ;do cjlwsfnflu lbg] eGg] a'lemG5 .

k|ZgM :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;d'bfodf lsg x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] xf]nf <pQ/M:yfgLo :t/sf ;d:ofx? :yfgLo :t/af6 g} klxrfg u/L ;dfwfg vf]Hg .klxrfg ul/Psf ;d:ofx?sf] k|fyldsLs/0f ug{ ;Sg] agfpg .:jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ;'zf;gsf] ;'lglZrttf sfod u/L hgtfnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jf k'¥ofpg .:yfgLo :t/df pknAw ;fwg / ;|f]tsf] clwstd kl/rfng u/fpg .hg;xeflutf h'6fpg .:jf:Yo ;+:yf xfd|f] xf] eGg] efjgf :yfgLo hgtfdf ljsf; u/fpg .

k|ZgM x:tfGt/0f kl5 :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] /]vb]v s;n] ug]{ t <pQ/M :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltn]] .

k|ZgM :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:Yffkg ;'b[9Ls/0f sfo{qmdn] lnPsf] k|d'v p2]Zo s] xf] <pQ/M;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] Joj:yfklso Ifdtfdf clej[l4 ug{ .:jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg ;'b[9 ug{ .:jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 k|bfg ul/g] ;]jf tyf sfo{qmdx? Uf'0f:t/ / k|efjsf/L x'gfsf] ;fy} ;]jfsf]k|of]ub/ a9fpg .:jf:Yo ;+:yfdf c;n zf;g sfod ug{ .

k|ZgM :j:y x'g a9L lhDd]jf/L s;sf] x'G5 <pQ/M ;a}eGbf a9L JolQm cfk}m+sf] lhDd]jf/L x'G5 .

k|ZgM ;d'bfodf s'gs'g k|sf/sf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? x'G5g\ <pQ/M tLg k|sf/sf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? x'G5g\ . h'g o;k|sf/ 5g\Mk|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|, :jf:Yo rf}sL, pk:jf:Yo rf}sL

k|ZgM tkfO{+ ;b:o x'g' ePsf] :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 k|bfg x'g] s'g} % k|sf/sf ;]jfx? eGg'xf];\ .

135


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

pQ/M kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;]jf, vf]k ;]jf, kf]if0f ;]jf, emf8fkvfnf, Zjf;k|Zjf; ;]jf

k|ZgM :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg s;n] ug'{kb{5 xf]nf <pQ/M :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltn]k|ZgM :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL cfwf/e"t s'/fx? s] s] x'g\ <pQ/M ef}lts k"jf{wf/ Joj:yfkg, cf}iflw Joj:yfkg, cf}hf/ tyf pks/0f Joj:yfkg, ;|f]tJoj:yfkg

k|ZgM Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf slt hgf kbflwsf/Lx? /xg] k|fjwfg 5 <pQ/M gf}b]vL t]x| hgf;Dd

k|ZgM Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx? sxfF sxfFaf6 /xg] k|fjwfg 5 <pQ/M ljleGg If]q tyf ju{af6 k|ltlglwTj x'G5 .

k|ZgM Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] sfo{cjlw slt jif{sf] /xg] k|fjwfg 5 <pQ/M :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf dgf]gLt ;b:ox?sf]kbfjlw tLg jif{sf] x'g]5 . dgf]gLt ePsf] t];|f] jif{sf] r}q d;fGtdf kbfjlw ;dfKt x'g]5 .Kfbfjlw ;dfKt ePsf ;b:onfO{ k'g M csf]{ Ps k6ssf nflu ;b:odf dgf]gLt ug{;lsg]5 .

k|ZgM ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf kbd'St x'g] cj:yfx? s] s] x'g <pQ/M ;ldltsf] a}7sdf lagf ;"rgf lagf sf/0f nuftf/ kfFr k6s;Dd cg'kl:yt ePdf;ldltn] lg0f{o u/L lghnfO{ ;b:oaf6 x6fpg dgf]gLt ug]{ lgsfodf l;kmfl/; ug{ ;Sg]5 .;b:on] cfk\mgf] kbaf6 lbPsf] /flhgfdf :jLs[t ePdf .;+:yfsf] p2]Zo k|flKtdf k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ u/L cfr/0f jf Jojxf/ u/]df .Af;fOF ;/fO eO{ cGoq -sfo{If]qaflx/ _ uPdf .k|rlnt sfg'gn] ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f ul//xg cof]Uo 7xl/Pdf .;b:osf] d[To' ePdf .

k|ZgM :yfgLo :jf:Yo :f+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] e"ldsf tyf sfdx?

s] s] xf]nfg\ <pQ/M sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg, ef}lts k"jf{wf/, cf}iflw÷pks/0f, :f|f]t kl/rfng, of]hgf÷sfof{Gjog÷cg'udg, ;+rf/, ;dGjo / ;xof]u, ;'zf;g sfod ug{ cflb .

k|ZgM a}7s eGgfn] s] a'e\mg'x'G5 <pQ/M a}7s eGgfn] ;d'bfo tyf ;+3 ;+:yfsf ;DaGwLt JolQmx? a;]/ ljBdfg ;d:ofx?;'Nemfpg jf lglZrt ljifoj:t'x?df 5nkmn u/L s'g} 7f]; lgisif{ lgsfNg] sfo{ g} a}7s xf] .

k|ZgM a}7s ;~rfng k|lqmofsf r/0fx? eGgfn] s] a'e\mg'x'G5 <

136


pQ/M o; cGtu{t a}7s ;~rfngk"j{ a}7s ;~rfng ug]{ qmddf / a}7s ;DkGg e};s]kl5ug'{kg]{ k|lqmofx? kb{5g\ .

k|ZgM :jd"NofÍg eg]sf] s] xf]nf <pQ/M :jd"NofÍg eGgfn] hf] sf]xL÷;ldltn] Pp6f lglZrt cjlwdf cfkm}n] u/]sf] sfd rfx]h:tf] eof] jf ePg egL cfkm}n] n]vfhf]vf ug{'nfO{ a'emfpFb5 .

k|ZgM :jd"NofÍg ug{'kbf{ s'g s'g If]qdf ug{ ;lsG5 <pQ/M tLg If]qdf ug{ ;lsG5M ;ldltsf] ;+:yfut Ifdtf, :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg / :jf:Yo;]jf .

k|ZgM ;dfj]zLs/0f eGgfn] s] a'e\mg'x'G5 <pQ/M ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f o:tf] k|lqmof xf], h;n] ;dfhdf ljBdfg /x]sf ;]jfdf plrtkx'Fr gePsf JolQmx? Jff ;d'bfonfO{ ljsf;sf] d"nk|jfxdf Nofpgsf nflu ca/f]wx? x6fO{pgLx?nfO{ ;fdflhs Pj+ ljsf;sf sfo{df ;xefuL u/fpg d2t k¥ofpF5 .

k|ZgM kl/sNkgf eg]sf] s] xf] <pQ/M s'g} klg rLhsf] eljiodf s:tf] ePsf] x]g{ rfxg] xf] To;sf] af/] ;f]r jf sNkgf ug{' g}kl/sNkgf xf] .

k|ZgM cfˆgf] :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf s'g} b'O{ kl/sNkgf eGg'xf];\ <pQ/M ;ldltn] agfPsf] kl/sNkgf dWo]af6 s'g} b'O{ kl/sNkgf eGg nufpg] .

k|ZgM k|fyldsLs/0fsf cfwf/x? s] s] x'g\ <pQ/M ;d:ofn] ;d'bfodf kfg]{ c;/ jf k|efj h:t} hGd, d[To', ;d:of ;dfwfgaf6 ;d'bfonfO{x'g] kmfObf, pknAw ;fwg ;|f]t, :yfgLo :t/af6 ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsg] cflb .

k|ZgM sfo{{of]hgf eg]sf] s] xf]nf <pQ/M ;fdfGotof s'g} ljifodf ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu s], s;/L, s:fn], slxn];Dddf sfo{;DkGgug]{ eg]/ lglb{i6 9fFrfdf tof/ u/]sf] of]hgfnfO{ sfo{of]hgf elgG5 .

137


k|lzIfs lgb]{lzsf

tflndsf] ;f/;+If]k

of] tLg lbg] Ifdtf clej[l4 tflnd :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg;ldltsf] :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL 1fg, ;Lk / wf/0ffsf] ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zon];~rfng ul/Psf] xf] . o; tflndn] ljz]if u/L lgDg p2]Zo k|fKt ug]{ nIo lnPsf] 5 M

� x:tfGt/0f k|lqmof af/] 1fg k|bfg ug{ .� :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg tyf ;f] Joj:yfkg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L af/] k|i6 kfg{ .� Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ e"ldsfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L k|bfg

ug{ .� :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] k|sf/ tyf pknAw ;]jfx?af/] 1fg k|bfg ug{ .� Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] cfk"mn] ul//x]sf sfo{x?sf] cj:yfaf/] cfkm} ;dLIff ug{;Sg]

agfpg .� Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] a}7s k|efjsf/L tl/sfn] ;~rfng ug{ ;Lk k|bfg ug{ .� ;dfj]zL :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] cjwf/0ff, dxTj / k|ls|ofaf/] 1fg k|bfg ug{ .� :jf:Yo ;+:yf tyf ;ldltsf] kl/sNkgf af/] 1fg / ;Lk k|fKt u/L ;ldlt / :jf:Yo

;+:yfsf] tLg aif]{ kl/sNkgf tof/ ug{ ;Ifd agfpg .� ;ldltsf] sfo{of]hgf ;DjGwL 1fg / ;Lk k|bfg u/L ;f] cg';f/ sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f

ug{;Sg] agfpg .

o; tflnddf lgDg ljifoj:t'x? ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\\ M� x:tfGt/0f k|lqmof� :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg ;'b[9Ls/0f sfo{qmdsf] cfjZostf� :j:y hLjg M æxfd|f] :jf:Yo xfd|f] lhDd]jf/LÆ� :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 pknAw x'g] ;]jfx?� :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkg� :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;+/rgf� :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] e"ldsf tyf lhDd]jf/L� a}7s ;~rfng k|lqmof� :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] :jd"NofÍg� ;dfj]zL :jf:Yo ;]jf� :jf:Yo ;+:yf / ;ldltsf] tLg jif]{ kl/sNkgf� ;d:of / ;dfwfgsf pkfo

dfly plNnlvt ljifoj:t'x?df 1fg / ;Lk k|fKt ePkl5 ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] cfufdLlbgdf tL l;s]sf 1fg / ;Lk k|of]u u/L cfˆgf] :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{x'G5 .

138


:jf:Yo If]qdf ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ;DaGwL ePsf cWoogx?sf] ;"rL

ljutdf ljleGg ;dodf g]kfn ;/sf/, :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno cGtu{tsf lgsfox? /cGo ;xof]uL ;+3–;+:yfx?af6 :jf:Yo If]qdf ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ;DaGwL ljleGg cWoogx? ePsflyP . pQm cWoogx?df :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?sf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f / :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ x:tfGt/0f ePsf:jf:Yo ;+:yfx?sf Joj:yfkg ;'wf/ ;DaGwL ;'emfjx? ;d]l6Psf lyP . k|:t't Ifdtf clej[l4tflnd tyf uf]i7Lsf ;fdu|Lx? tof/ ug{ ljutdf ePsf lgDg cWoogx?sf l;kmfl/;x?nfO{ klg;d]l6Psf 5g\ .

1. NFHP. Assessment of NFHP activities to strengthen intervention betweencommunity and health service system, April 2006.

2. DFID. Health sector decentralization in Nepal, May 2006.3. NHTC. Outcome assessment of SHPs, 2005.4. DHSP. Health sector decentralization strategy, 2004.5. DASU Supported all sector study, 2003/04.6. NHTC. Process review of orientation package, 2003.7. DHSP/British Council. Developing health sector decentralization in Nepal,

2003.8. MOHP. Nepal health sector program – implementation plan, 2004.9. Gurung G. Capacity building is not an event but a process: Lesson from health

sector decentralization of Nepal. Nepal Med Coll J 2009; 11 (3): 205-206

This training manual is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency forInternational Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of National Health Training Center, Ministry of Healthand Population, Nepal and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.

:yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng clej[l4 tflnd - medbox.org · :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg...

Documents

Transcript of :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng clej[l4 tflnd - medbox.org · :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg...