Yesterday we took notes over the New England Colonies:

MassachusettsRhode IslandNew HampshireConnecticut

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Why do you think ship building was the first industry in New England?

The next group of colonies to discover:The Middle Colonies—also known as the Mid-Atlantic Colonies

The Middle Colonies:

New York

New Jersey

Pennsylvania

Delaware

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Two types of English Two types of English ColoniesColonies By the 1660’s England had two groups of By the 1660’s England had two groups of

colonies in different regions of America.colonies in different regions of America. New England colonies New England colonies which were run by which were run by

private private groups under a royal charter…groups under a royal charter…(Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and (Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire)New Hampshire)

Royal colonies Royal colonies which were run directly by which were run directly by England (Maryland and Virginia)England (Maryland and Virginia)

England also wanted to gain control of a England also wanted to gain control of a Dutch-controlledDutch-controlled land in between those two land in between those two groups, so England could have access to its groups, so England could have access to its harbor and river trade. harbor and river trade.

New YorkNew York• That area was called That area was called New Netherland. New Netherland. Its main Its main

settlement was New Amsterdam on settlement was New Amsterdam on Manhattan Manhattan Island.Island.

• The settlement was a center for shipping to and The settlement was a center for shipping to and from the Americas. from the Americas.

• In In 16641664, the , the EnglishEnglish sent a fleet to sent a fleet to attackattack New New Amsterdam. The governor there was unprepared Amsterdam. The governor there was unprepared and and surrenderedsurrendered the colony. the colony.

• The The Duke of York Duke of York gained control of the colony gained control of the colony and named it New York. He promised the settlers and named it New York. He promised the settlers religious freedom religious freedom and let them keep their land.and let them keep their land.

• New York City New York City (used to be New Amsterdam) grew (used to be New Amsterdam) grew to have over 8,000 by 1664.to have over 8,000 by 1664.

• Became a center for Became a center for shippingshipping because it had a because it had a good good harbor (New York Harbor)harbor (New York Harbor)

New York City

NEW YORK

NEW YORK

Notice that all these pictures include LONG ISLAND as part of NEW YORK: Color it as

such

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•The southern part of New York between the Hudson and Delaware Rivers became New Jersey.

•Its settlers were very diverse in ethnicity and religion, like New York.

•It was also established in 1664.

•It also offered religious freedom.

•By 1702, New Jersey had become a royal colony, but continued to make local laws.

This is New Jersey

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PennsylvaniaPennsylvania William Penn William Penn received a large tract of land in received a large tract of land in

America from the king as a repayment of a debt. This America from the king as a repayment of a debt. This land became Pennsylvania (meaning Penn’s Woods).land became Pennsylvania (meaning Penn’s Woods).

Penn was a Penn was a QuakerQuaker and saw this colony as a chance and saw this colony as a chance to put Quaker values of to put Quaker values of tolerancetolerance and and equalityequality into into practice. The Quakers and all others could worship practice. The Quakers and all others could worship freely in Pennsylvania.freely in Pennsylvania.

He founded the colony in 1682.He founded the colony in 1682. In 1701, he gave colonists the right to make a In 1701, he gave colonists the right to make a

legislativelegislative assemblyassembly which would make local laws.which would make local laws. Before, it was a Before, it was a PROPRIETARY COLONYPROPRIETARY COLONY, where one man , where one man

owned all the land and made all the laws. owned all the land and made all the laws. (New York(New York))

Philadelphia

PENNSYLVANIA

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Who were the Quakers?

William Penn belonged to a Protestant group of dissenters called the Society of Friends, or Quakers. They believed that every individual had an “inner light” that could guide him or her to salvation. Each person could experience religious truth directly and everyone was equal in God’s sight.

Quakers were tolerant of others’ religious beliefs.

They had good relations with

the Native Americans.Quakers were also

pacifists, which meant that they refused to use force or fight in wars.

Another famous and very important citizen of Pennsylvania is the one and only:

Benjamin Franklin

DelawareDelaware

The southernmost part of Pennsylvania The southernmost part of Pennsylvania was known as the Three Lower Counties. was known as the Three Lower Counties. Eventually, these became a separate Eventually, these became a separate colony—colony—Delaware.Delaware.

The The Charter of LibertiesCharter of Liberties, which had let , which had let colonists elect representatives, also colonists elect representatives, also allowed these lower counties to make allowed these lower counties to make their own legislature. their own legislature.

When they did in When they did in 17041704, they functioned as , they functioned as a separate colony. a separate colony.

Delaware--established in 1704

by William Penn.

DELAWARE

Philadelphia

PENNSYLVANIA

New York City

NEW YORK

This is New Jersey

Economic Characteristics Economic Characteristics of the Middle Coloniesof the Middle Colonies

Home-basedHome-based crafts (carpentry and crafts (carpentry and flour making)flour making)

TimberTimber MiningMining Small-scale Small-scale manufacturing manufacturing (iron mills)(iron mills) Shipping and Shipping and TradeTrade (New York) (New York) Ship Ship buildingbuilding Agriculture Agriculture (large farms)(large farms)

Geographic Geographic Characteristics of the Characteristics of the

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies Some good Some good harborsharbors and natural and natural

ports (New York Harbor)ports (New York Harbor) Wide, deep Wide, deep riversrivers Milder wintersMilder winters Raw Raw materialsmaterials (for timber, mining, (for timber, mining,

etc.)etc.) Rich Rich soilsoil Atlantic Ocean Atlantic Ocean coastlinecoastline

Social and Political Social and Political Characteristics of Middle Characteristics of Middle

ColoniesColonies SocialSocial

Small coastal townsSmall coastal towns More More diversediverse population population Big CitiesBig Cities

New York CityNew York City PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia

PoliticalPolitical More More tolerancetolerance ProprietaryProprietary colonies (Pennsylvania and New colonies (Pennsylvania and New

York)York) RepresentativeRepresentative government government

Southern ColoniesVirginia

Maryland

North Carolina

South Carolina

Georgia

VIRGINIA

Established in 1607

Jamestown was the first settlement

Founded by the Virginia Company

Virginia House of Burgesses was the first representative assembly in America.

Tobacco was the major crop.

Maryland•Established in 1634

•Founded by Lord Baltimore. Maryland was a proprietary colony.

•It was a haven (safe place) for Catholics.

•Not wanting to depend on just one cash crop, they grew wheat, fruit, vegetables, and livestock.

•Plantations became powerful, and the number of slaves grew.

•Baltimore was the largest city.

•Because the boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland was disputed, they hired two surveyors(Mason and Dixon) to resolve the dispute. The boundary was called the Mason/Dixon Line.

•The Act of Toleration was passed in 1649, giving both Catholics and Protestants the right to worship freely.

The CarolinasThe Carolinas King Charles II founded the colony of Carolina. King Charles II founded the colony of Carolina. The English philosopher The English philosopher John Locke John Locke wrote their wrote their

constitution.constitution. Northern Carolina Northern Carolina was settled by was settled by small farmerssmall farmers. They did . They did

not have a good harbor and relied on Virginia’s ports.not have a good harbor and relied on Virginia’s ports. Southern Carolina Southern Carolina had better farmland and a harbor city, had better farmland and a harbor city,

CharlestonCharleston, and was more prosperous., and was more prosperous. Many of the settlers of Southern Carolina were from the Many of the settlers of Southern Carolina were from the

English colony of English colony of BarbadosBarbados in the West Indies. They in the West Indies. They brought with them many brought with them many slavesslaves to work in their to work in their rice fields.rice fields.

Due to the Due to the conflictconflict between wealthy southern farmers and between wealthy southern farmers and smaller northern farmers, the colony split into two in smaller northern farmers, the colony split into two in 17291729. .

The Carolinas

•North Carolina grew much tobacco

•South Carolina soil was good for growing rice and indigo

Indigo will be known as BLUE GOLD—can you guess why?

Indigo plant

Raw Indigo and cloth made with

its dye

Georgia

•Founded in 1733

•Founded by James Oglethorpe

•Was the last of the original colonies to be created

•Haven for debtors and the poor

•Provided a military barrier between Spanish Florida and South Carolina

Economic, Political, and Economic, Political, and Social Characteristics of Social Characteristics of

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies EconomicEconomic

Large Large plantationsplantations Agriculture—tobacco, rice, indigo, etc.Agriculture—tobacco, rice, indigo, etc.

PoliticalPolitical More More slavesslaves More More class-based class-based societysociety

SocialSocial Small coastal Small coastal townstowns Plantations (almost self-sufficient)Plantations (almost self-sufficient) CharlestonCharleston and and SavannahSavannah were larger cities. were larger cities.

Geographic Geographic Characteristics of the Characteristics of the

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies Appalachian mountainsAppalachian mountains Broad, deep riversBroad, deep rivers Richer soilRicher soil Warm climateWarm climate Raw materialsRaw materials

Religious Characteristics Religious Characteristics of the Southern Coloniesof the Southern Colonies

Church of EnglandChurch of England Catholics (Catholics (MarylandMaryland)) More diverseMore diverse

New France:

During this same period France was establishing New Orleans (est. 1718) at the mouth of the Mississippi River

Spain settled on the Pacific Coast (California) and built missions there