Yearbook of Arts Education Researchfor Cultural Diversity and SustainableDevelopment

Volume 1

Series Editor

Chee-Hoo Lum, National Institute of Education, Nanyang TechnologicalUniversity, Singapore, Singapore

This proposed yearbook series stems from the research trajectory of the newly formedUNESCO UNITWIN international network for Arts Education Research for Cultural Diversityand Sustainable Development. The UNITWIN is essentially an Arts Education Research ThinkTank that hopes to gather and leverage on research from UNITWIN members states (Australia,Canada, Colombia, Germany, Hong Kong, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Korea, Israel, New Zealand,Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand) and beyond.Sustainable development is defined as development that meets the needs of the present, without

compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (World Commission onEnvironment and Development, 1987). According to Hawkes (2001), sustainable developmentrequires balanced progress in four interdependent dimensions: Social, Economic, Environmental,and Cultural.UNESCO’s proposal to Education for Sustainable development (ESD) includes key develop-

ment into teaching and learning that includes issues like climate change, disaster risk reduction,biodiversity, poverty reduction, and sustainable consumption. It requires participatory teaching andlearning methods that motivate and empower learners to change their behaviours and take actionfor sustainable development. ESD consequently promotes competencies like critical thinking,imagining future scenarios and making decisions in a collaborative way.The arts and arts education can be powerful tools in contributing to the work of sustainable

development within each of the four (social, economic, environmental and cultural) dimensions.These can include:

(a) Bridging marginalized communities through arts education (Social dimension)(b) Arts education as means to preserve and develop heritage and cultural diversity (Cultural

dimension)(c) Intercultural and transcultural dialogue through arts education (Cultural dimension)(d) Building creative and adaptive workforce for the creative industries including creative pro-

cesses in and through arts education (Economic dimension)(e) Advocating new/emerging arts and arts education approaches that address environmental

concerns (Environmental dimension)

The UNITWIN peer-reviewed edited Yearbook will stem from the annual meeting of theUNESCO UNITWIN network, gathering scholarly views from the UNITWIN member states andinvited international expert perspectives on original research and critical commentaries based onthe thematic focus for the year.Projected research themes that will feature in upcoming yearbooks include the arts, arts

education and: i) identity; ii) heritage and tradition; iii) transformation and temporality; iv) culturalchanges in the digital world; v) peace/community building leading to social transformation; vi)informal/non-formal educational connections; vii) leadership and facilitation; viii) interdisci-plinarity in the collaborative and multi-sectorial; ix) creativity; x) education for all; and xi)sustainable environment.The Yearbook series serves to inform governmental agencies, international arts education

organizations, arts educators and researchers, and all interested scholars, students and stakeholderson the immense possibilities of the arts and arts education towards education for sustainabledevelopment in and through the arts. Empirical research and exemplary practices in arts and artseducation presented through sound theoretical and methodological frames/approaches with policyimplications on a national, regional and/or global level that focuses on and cuts across the four keydimensions of sustainable development, namely social, economic, environmental, and cultural, arethe key thrust to all contributions to the series.

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/16093

Chee-Hoo Lum • Ernst WagnerEditors

Arts Education and CulturalDiversityPolicies, Research, Practices and CriticalPerspectives

123

EditorsChee-Hoo LumNational Institute of EducationNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore, Singapore

Ernst WagnerUNESCO-Chair in Artsand Culture in EducationUniversity of ErlangenErlangen, Germany

Academy of Fine ArtsMunich, Germany

ISSN 2524-4388 ISSN 2524-4396 (electronic)Yearbook of Arts Education Research for Cultural Diversity and Sustainable DevelopmentISBN 978-981-13-8003-7 ISBN 978-981-13-8004-4 (eBook)https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8004-4

© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or partof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmissionor information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodology now known or hereafter developed.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in thispublication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt fromthe relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in thisbook are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor theauthors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material containedherein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regardto jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721,Singapore

Acknowledgements

We acknowledge what has come before. The formation of the UNESCO UNITWIN(Arts Education Research for Cultural Diversity and Sustainable Development)would not have been possible without the support of the INRAE (InternationalNetwork for Research in Arts Education) network, and we would first like to thankthe steering committee of INRAE since the beginning of its inception.

The inaugural UNITWIN meeting held in Singapore in April 2017 would nothave been possible without the support of the National Institute of Education,Singapore, National Arts Council, Singapore and the Singapore InternationalFoundation. We are immensely grateful for their kind sponsorship and venuesupport. A special note of gratitude particularly to colleagues and staff of the Visual& Performing Arts Academic Group at the National Institute of Education,Singapore.

It is our honour to be able to serve as the editors of the first UNITWINYearbook. We are thankful to our UNITWIN partners, associate members andinvited academics in serving as our blind peer reviewers, providing critical andconstructive comments to chapter authors.

We are thankful also to Springer for believing in this endeavor to start theyearbook series on Arts Education Research for Cultural Diversity and SustainableDevelopment. We are excited to know that in the years to come, the UNITWINnetwork sharing across different parts of the world will be encapsulated in thewritings of this book series.

Chee-Hoo LumCoordinator of UNITWIN

Ernst WagnerINRAE

v

Contents

1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Chee-Hoo Lum and Ernst Wagner

Part I National Policies

2 Anchors and Bridges: The Work of the Singapore National ArtsCouncil in Cultural Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Kenneth Kwok

3 Arts Education Policy and Cultural Diversity in South Korea . . . . 17Yu Jin Hong

4 Arts Educators Respond to Challenges in a Diversity-FriendlyCountry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Larry O’Farrell

5 Cultural Diversity in Hong Kong Arts Education: From Policyto Practice and Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Richard G. Whitbread and Bo-Wah Leung

6 Diversity of Arts and their Status in Public Educationin Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Emily Achieng’ Akuno

Part II Research

7 Intercultural Understanding Through the Interventionof a Culture Bearer: A Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Benjamin Bolden and Larry O’Farrell

8 Living in the World of Displacement: Social Integrationin Diversity Through Art Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Sunah Kim

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9 Dancing Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Ralph Buck

10 Engaging with Fusion in Music Education: Perspectivesfrom Local Musicians in Singapore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Chee-Hoo Lum

11 studioFive—A Site for Teaching, Research and Engagementin Australian Arts Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Susan Wright and Kathryn Coleman

Part III Practices

12 Dialogues on Difference Through Youth Theatre: M1 PeerPleasure Engages The Other in Singapore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Charlene Rajendran

13 “Who is the True Man?” Exploring Cultural Identityand Diversity Through an Educational Drama Projectin the Taiwanese History Museum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151Mei-Chun Lin

14 Artistic Practices and Cultural Diversity for Peacebuildingin Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161Gloria Patricia Zapata Restrepo

15 Harnessing the Transformative Power of Arts and Culturefor Social Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171Lai Yee Soh

16 Cultural Diversity, Conceptual Pedagogy, and EducatingStudents for Their Futures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183Allan G. Richards

17 Diversity and Museums in Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207Ernst Wagner

18 Diversity Education Through Artistic Means in Germany . . . . . . . 223Benjamin Jörissen and Lisa Unterberg

Part IV Critical Perspectives

19 Reclaiming the Arts: Thoughts on Arts Educationand Cultural Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235Shifra Schonmann

viii Contents

20 Promoting National Awareness and Appreciation of CulturalDiversity Through Arts Education: Compatible Goals? . . . . . . . . . 249Teunis IJdens

21 A Mapping Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267Ernst Wagner and Chee-Hoo Lum

Contents ix

Editors and Contributors

About the Editors

Chee-Hoo Lum is Associate Professor of musiceducation with the Visual & Performing AcademicGroup at the National Institute of Education (NIE),Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. He isalso the Coordinator of the UNESCO UNITWIN: ArtsEducation Research for Cultural Diversity andSustainable Development. Chee-Hoo’s research inter-ests include issues towards identity, cultural diversityand multiculturalism, technology and globalization inmusic education; children’s musical cultures; creativityand improvisation; and elementary music methods.e-mail: cheehoo.lum@nie.edu.sg

Dr. Ernst Wagner lecturer and researcher at theUNESCO-Chair in Arts and Culture in Education atthe University of Erlangen and the Academy of FineArts, Munich. He studied arts and taught visual arts atsecondary schools. For 8 years, he was employed by theInstitute for School Quality, Munich (responsible for art,film and drama education). Graduated with a Ph.D. in arthistory at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich,his research is focused on Visual Literacy,Competences, Arts Education and Education forSustainable Development/Heritage Education/Intercultural Communication—in the context ofUNESCO. He is Honorary Professor at the Hong KongUniversity of Education. e-mail: ernst.wagner@fau.de

xi

Contributors

Emily Achieng’ Akuno is trained as a performer-educator in Kenya, USA and UK. She is Professor ofmusic at the Technical University of Kenya in Nairobi,Kenya while serving as Deputy Vice Chancellor(Academic Affairs) at the Co-operative University ofKenya. A past board member of the International Societyfor Music Education and chair of the Music in Schoolsand Teacher Education Commission (MISTEC), herresearch and publications focus on cultural relevance andits implications for music education, and music makingin enhancing children’s literacy skill development. Emilyis past Treasurer and current President of the InternalMusic Council. e-mail: e.akuno@emakmusic.org

Dr. Benjamin Bolden music educator and composer, isan Associate Professor and the UNESCO Chair of Artsand Learning in the Faculty of Education at Queen’sUniversity, Canada. His research interests include learn-ing and teaching of composing, creativity, arts-basedresearch, pre-service music teacher education, teacherknowledge and teachers’ professional learning. As ateacher, Ben has worked with pre-school, elementary,secondary and university students in Canada, Englandand Taiwan. Ben is an Associate Composer of theCanadian Music Centre and his compositions have beenperformed by a variety of professional and amateurperforming ensembles. e-mail: ben.bolden@queensu.ca

Ralph Buck is Associate Professor and an award-winning teacher and academic leader. He has collab-orated with UNESCO in raising the profile in artseducation around the world. He initiated, advocated forand planned UNESCO’s International Arts EducationWeek. He is on the Council for the World Alliance forArts Education. Ralph’s research and publicationsfocus upon dance teaching and learning and communitydance. e-mail: r.buck@auckland.ac.nz

xii Editors and Contributors

Dr. Kathryn Coleman is an artist, researcher andteacher based in Melbourne, where Kate lectures inVisual Arts and Design Teacher Education at theMelbourne Graduate School of Education, Universityof Melbourne. Kate’s praxis includes taking aspects ofher theoretical and practical work as a/r/tographer toconsider how practitioners, teachers and students use siteto create place in the digital and physical. As an artist andart educator, Kate is a World Council Representative forthe South-East Asia Pacific Region for the InternationalSociety for Education though Art (InSEA) and Co-editorof the open access Journal of Artistic and CreativeEducation. e-mail: kathryn.coleman@unimelb.edu.au

Yu Jin Hong is Director of Planning and CooperationOffice at Korea Arts & Culture Education Service(KACES) under the Ministry of Culture, Sports andTourism of Korea. She received her Ph.D. in CulturalSociology (cultural policy) from Ewha WomansUniversity and worked on various projects on culturalcontents industry policy at Korea Creative ContentAgency (KOCCA) as prior experience. Currently, she isconducting researches and projects to establish policiesand strategies for the growth of arts and culture educationat KACES. e-mail: yjhong@arte.or.kr

Dr. Teunis IJdens is a sociologist and policy analyst.He studied graphic design at the Academies of Art inArnheim and Enschede and sociology at the Universityof Nijmegen. He has worked as a researcher at theuniversities of Tilburg and Rotterdam. He publishednumerous studies and evaluation and monitoring reportson cultural and arts policies, and a theoretical–empiricalPh.D. on the performing arts labor market. Since 2008,he was employed by the Center of Expertise for CulturalEducation (Cultuurnetwerk Nederland) and its succes-sor the National Centre of Expertise for CulturalEducation and Amateur Arts (LKCA) as a researcher,head of the research department, policy analyst andeditor. After his retirement (May 2018), he intends tocontinue his work in this field, especially comparativeresearch. e-mail: teunisijdens1@gmail.com

Editors and Contributors xiii

Prof. Dr. Benjamin Jörissen is Chairholder of theChair of Pedagogy with a focus on Culture andAesthetic Education at the Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU). The Chair’sresearch aims are to contribute to an understandingof the role of aesthetic, arts and cultural education in atransforming world. Fields of work include the devel-opment of an educational aesthetic and media theory aswell as empirical research in postdigital culture, includ-ing several large research projects on digitalization inarts education. e-mail: benjamin.joerissen@fau.de

Dr. Sunah Kim is Professor of Applied Art Educationat Hanyang University. She currently serves as the worldcouncilor of the International Society for Educationthrough Art (InSEA), the board member of the Societyfor Art Education of Korea (SAEK) and the KoreanAssociation for Multicultural Education (KAME). Herresearch interests include art teacher professional devel-opment, multicultural art education and qualitativeresearch methodology. e-mail: sakim22@hanyang.ac.kr

Kenneth Kwok is Assistant Chief Executive (Planningand Engagement) at the National Arts Council, over-seeing school and community programmes as well asstrategic planning, international relations and research.He was formerly a Language and Literature teacher,Vice Principal and Assistant Director (CurriculumPolicy) with the Ministry of Education, receiving theNational Outstanding Youth in Education Awardfor young teachers in 2002. He holds an Ed.M in Artsin Education, and has been involved with variouscommunity arts projects over the years. Kennethserved as an Adjunct Lecturer in Educational Dramawith the National Institute of Education in 2012 and2013. e-mail: kenneth_kwok@nac.gov.sg

xiv Editors and Contributors

Prof. Bo-Wah Leung is Head of the Department ofCultural and Creative Arts and Director of ResearchCentre for Transmission of Cantonese opera at TheEducation University of Hong Kong. He received theMusical Rights Award from the International MusicCouncil in 2011 for his leadership in a research projectentitled ‘Collaborative Project on Teaching CantoneseOpera in Primary and Secondary Schools’. He hasdeveloped a bilingual website titled Hong Kong Can-tonese Opera to disseminate knowledge and news aboutthe genre in Hong Kong. Professor Leung is at presentChair of Asia-Pacific Symposium for Music EducationResearch (APSMER). e-mail: bwleung@eduhk.hk

Mei-Chun Lin is Professor and the founding Chair forthe Department of Drama Creation and Application atNational University of Tainan in Taiwan. She is currentlythe President of Taiwan Drama Education Association(TADEA) and the Chief Editor for Journal of DramaEducation and Performing Arts. She also involves inediting or reviewing several academic journals includingResearch in Arts Education (TSSCI) and RIDE (SSCI).She is the leading researcher and writer of the Taiwanesenational guidelines on Aesthetics Education domain forthe preschool curriculum. She was the overseas adviserfor Drama Education research in Hong Kong and washonored as Taiwan Distinguished Professor in Arts andHumanity research during 2012–2015. Her researchinterests are in drama curriculum and assessment,teachers’ professional development and cross-culturalstudy. Her recent work focuses on a comparative study ofhow teachers or artists transforming Western dramapedagogy into local practices in Taiwan, HongKong andChina. e-mail: imaginelin@gmail.com

Editors and Contributors xv

Prof. Larry O’ Farrell is Professor Emeritus, Queen’sUniversity, Canada (UNESCO Chair in Arts andLearning). He is Chair, Board of Directors, CanadianNetwork for Arts and Learning and served as Chair,Steering Committee, INRAE. In 2010, he was instru-mental in preparing The Seoul Agenda: Goals for theDevelopment of Arts Education. Larry was HonoraryProfessor at the Hong Kong Institute (University) ofEducation and received the Campton Bell LifetimeAchievementAward presented by theAmericanAlliancefor Theatre and Education. Most recently, he was leadauthor of a position paper, TransformativeAction onArtsEducation: Re-invigorating the Seoul Agenda.e-mail: ofarrell@queensu.ca

Dr. Charlene Rajendran is Assistant Professor at theNational Institute of Education—Nanyang TechnologicalUniversity, Singapore. She is a theatre educator, researcherand dramaturg whose research interests include contempo-rary interdisciplinary performance, play-based arts peda-gogies and the politics of cultural difference. She isCo-director of the Asian Dramaturgs’ Network and is amember of the InternalAdvisoryCommittee forUNESCO-NIE Centre for Arts Research in Education (CARE). Sheco-edited Excavations, Interrogations, Krishen Jit andContemporary Malaysian Theatre (2018), and has pub-lished in a range of scholarly books and journals. e-mail:charlene.r@nie.edu.sg

Allan G. Richards As a native of Jamaica, completedpostgraduate degrees in Mexico and the United States.He taught K-12, undergraduate and graduate students inart, mathematics, biology and agricultural sciencebefore joining the faculty at the University ofKentucky in Lexington. Richards has lived, worked,studied, completed research and taught in 23 countries,which continues to influence and informed his researchand teaching in Art Education. The focus of hisresearch is in multicultural education, cognitive func-tions, pedagogical approaches and Alzheimer’s diseaseand dementia. His research also focused on addressingissues of individuals who are deprived of social,political and economic equality and justice. e-mail:allan.richards@uky.edu

xvi Editors and Contributors

Gloria Patricia Zapata Restrepo is a music educatorwith a master's in Psychopedagogy from AntioquiaUniversity (Medellin–Colombia) and a Ph.D. in MusicPsychology and Education from Roehampton University(UK). Currently, she works as a researcher and coordinatorof the master program in Arts, Education and Peace Studiesat Fundación Universitaria Juan N. Corpas in Bogotá. She isthe Chair of the Colombian Society of Researchers in MusicPsychology and Education—PSICMUSE. Her researchinterest focuses on the relationship between musicaldevelopment, cultural context and education, which hasled her to undertake several research projects in vulnerablecommunities and educational institutions focusing inresilience in conflict situations. e-mail: glopaza@gmail.com

Dr. Shifra Schonmann is Professor Emerita andholder of the Bar-Netzer Chair of Education, Societyand Theatre for Young People, University of Haifa,Israel. Areas of research include aesthetics, theatre–drama education, theatre for young people, curriculumand teacher education. She has published numerousarticles as well as books, among them: Theatre as amedium for children and young people: Images andobservations (Springer) and (Ed): Wisdom of the many:International yearbook for research in arts education(Waxmann). She has been a visiting professor at anumber of universities, serves on editorial boards ofseveral leading journals. e-mail: shifras@edu.haifa.ac.il

Lai Yee Soh has over 15 years’ experience in growinginternational multi-sectoral partnerships for social inclu-sion. She has worked with and brought together diversestakeholders from government officials to civil societypartners to businesses to push for positive outcomes forcommunities. As Executive Director of the VIVAFoundation for Children with Cancer, she facilitatespartnerships and support for the training of doctors andnurses, translational researches and improving medicalcare. Prior to this, she was Head of cultural exchange atthe Singapore International Foundation where she led ateam to drive an international initiative to leverage thearts for social impact. To foster a vibrant ecosystem,they started the Arts for Good Fellowship programme.e-mail: sohlaiyee@gmail.com

Editors and Contributors xvii

Dr. Lisa Unterberg is researcher at the Chair ofPedagogy with a Focus on Culture and AestheticEducation at the Friedrich-Alexander-UniversityErlangen-Nuremberg. Recently, she works in themeta-research project ‘Digitalization in Arts andCultural Education’. e-mail: lisa.unterberg@fau.de

Dr. Richard G. Whitbread is a Postdoctoral Fellowwithin the Department of Cultural and Creative Artsat The Education University of Hong Kong. Hisresearch is concerned with the relationships that existbetween Hong Kong’s cultural and arts educationpolicies and the degree to which both sectors areworking together in ways that can result in mutuallybeneficial synergies. An essential component is theestablishment of partnerships which can lead not onlyto more effective policy enactment, but also addresscritical issues such as cultural participation and con-sumption as well as encourage accessibility to culturaleducation. e-mail: grichard@eduhk.hk

Susan Wright is Honorary Professor in the MelbourneGraduate School of Education at the University ofMelbourne where she was formerly the Chair of ArtsEducation and Director of the Melbourne UNESCOObservatory of Arts Education, called studioFive. Herresearch and teaching focuses on the semiotic affor-dances of various art forms and the learning, pedagogy,environmental conditions and community dynamicsthat support artistic endeavours. Of particular interestare the common threads that run between youngchildren’s and adult artists’ participation in the arts,and the important role of the arts in sustaining cultureand peace. e-mail: susan.wright@unimelb.edu.au

xviii Editors and Contributors