Www.mobilevce.com © 2005 Mobile VCE 22 November 2005 Interactive Mobile TV: Group and Resource...

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© 2005 Mobile VCE

22 November 2005

Interactive Mobile TV:Group and Resource Management

Haitham CruickshankUniversity of Surrey

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Introduction

Multicast concept attracts growing attentions from mobile operators due to its capability of efficient service delivering:

Unlike unicast in which data are send to individual receivers, in multicast one copy of data is transmitted from source to multiple receivers.

Unlike broadcast (such as TV service), multicast distribution focused on group services.

Interworking of multicast-enabled networks is an interesting solution for Beyond 3G systems.

Examples of multicast services:

Audio and video streaming: such as on demand video and web TV/radio

Content delivery: such as electronic newspaper and notification system for sport news, up-to-date business information e.g. stock rates

Multiplayer games

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Challenges for Multicast User Services

UMTS Core DVB DistributionNetwork

AP

External PDN / Internet

Content Provider

WLAN Core

DVB-T/HUTRAN WLANSRAN

(U) (D) (U)(W) (D)

U: UMTSD:DVBW:WLAN

U/DU/W

U/D/W UU/D/W

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Requirements for Successful Interworking

Advanced resource management and session management functionality to achieve desired multicast delivery coordination.

Mechanism that allow: Selection of suitable delivery networks Selection of appropriate service flows Dynamically act on network conditions, e.g. load balancing

Awareness of interested receivers and their heterogeneity expressed by receiver context information.

Scalable mechanisms for network initiated: Multicast bearer establishment and release Vertical network handover for groups of receivers Flow handover for groups of receivers

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Resource Management Concepts

for Interworking Networks

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Resource Management – Objectives

Provide efficient multicast services delivery in a heterogeneous infrastructure comprising multicast-enabled wireless networks.

Provide efficient multicast services to heterogeneous receivers with various QoS capabilities and network interfaces.

To maximize “profit” for the network operator,while respecting the user’s preference (e.g. acceptable level of delay and QoS).

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Resource Management - mechanisms

Service Scheduling:

Batch multiple requests for the same content into a group for a specific batching duration and then serve them over one common channel

Dynamic Access Network Selection:

Select the suitable access network and transmission QoS, which satisfies the user’s QoS requirements whilst offering the highest “profit” for the service provisioning

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Resource Management Architecture

N

RMMSS

NS/QoSA

RCC

LMGM

service

profile

user

profile

RM: resource manager

MSS: multicast service scheduling

NS: network selection

QoSA: QoS adaptation

RCC: resource cost calculation

GM: group manager

LM: local monitor

RM 3

Home Network

Other cooperative networks

RM 2RM 1

Content request

Selected access network and QoS

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Service Scheduling Signalling

N

GM ISS

User requests

Scheduling request (content and user profiles)

Service scheduling

Construct content delivery request

RM NS& QoSA

Content delivery request (content and user profiles)

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RCC LMRCC LM

Content delivery request

Require network status

Require network status

request quotecost

reply quoteCost

Network selection and QoS adaptation

Network resources reservation and configuration for contents delivery

Content delivery reply

home network provider

RCCRCC

LMLM

cooperating network providers

request quotecost

reply quoteCost

Network Selection Signalling

NS& QoSA

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Group Management Concepts

for Interworking Networks

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Group Management - Objectives

Assist resource management by aggregating useful context information of interested receivers of a multicast user service.

Provide mechanisms to implement resource management decisions efficiently by: Network initiated multicast bearer establishment/release Network initiated vertical network handover for groups of

receivers Flow handover for groups of receivers

Scalable delivery of interworking signalling to large receiver groups.

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Group Management Architecture

GMMF

SCF

Network sideUser side

Group manager (GM)

Group Manager Functional Blocks:SCF: Session Control FunctionGMMF: Group Membership Management FunctionNMF: Network Management Function

Interfaces:MSC: Multicast Signalling ChannelIGMII: Interworking GM Interaction InterfaceIGII : Interworking Internal Gateway Interface

Application

Multicast Middleware

UDP IGMP

IP

Device PresenceService

ResourceManagement

NMF

Network entities

GMs in cooperating networks

Group Subscription, e.g. via HTTP

IGMII

IIGI

Signalling CH

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Multicast Signalling Channel

Motivation Reduce signalling cost - efficient delivery of control signalling

for required interworking to a large group of receivers

Principles Instead of sending separate message to every receiver,

control signalling is delivered to a group via a multicast signalling channel (MSCH)

Each user for a multicast user service subscribes to the IoN-MSCH for the duration of a session

Novel mechanism for efficient receiver subset addressing of receivers on the IoN-MSCH to minimise required signalling load:

Based on context information receivers have in common

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Signalling Example: Session Setup

UE GMMF SCF RMUE

Service Announcement/Discovery

IGMP join (MSC) Scheduling and network selection

ESTABLISH (IP Multicast Address, Network)

IGMP join (IP Multicast Address)


Group Subscription

Establish control plane

Establish user plane

Group ManagerAccess Router

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Signalling Example: Vertical Handover

UE GMMF SCF RMUE

Load balancing decision

MIGRATE (IP Multicast Address, new Network)


Switch user plane

Group ManagerAR old AR new

IGMP leave (IP Multicast Address)

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Multicast Middleware (on user terminal)

Provides transparently a seamless multicast socket service to application.

On group subscription, it starts listening to a multicast signalling channel to receive control information from group manager.

Manages multicast session over terminal interfaces as requested by GM: Establishment, release, migration of multicast bearers by

remote subscription approach Flow mobility

Forwards incoming data flows to application.

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Not Just Concepts:Implementation Demonstration

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What is required from the network to perform

interworking ?

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Implementation Demonstration: Scheduling and Network Selection

Each group membership subscription triggers scheduling function: Scheduling either size- or time-based When threshold is reached Network Selection is invoked

GMMF provides Network Selection with user group and relevant context information.

Network Selection algorithm selects appropriate QoS and network for each user in the group.

Network Selection notifies Session Control Function in group manager to initiate session establishment.

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Implementation Demonstration : Session Control Signalling

Session Control Function (SCF) determines subgroups based on selected networks and QoS.

Extracts common context information for receivers of each subgroup and creates addressing expression uniquely identifying each subgroup.

Sends a control message for establishment/release for each subgroup via the Interworking-MSCH for the multicast user service

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What is required from the terminal to perform

interworking ?

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Implementation Demonstration : Bearer Setup on Receiver

Multicast middleware in receiver obtains control message via interworking-MSCH.

Middleware evaluates addressing expression: it joins the identified multicast group on the specified

network interface.

Incoming multicast session data is forwarded by the middleware to the application.

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Implementation Demonstration : Multicast Middleware

Middleware for session layer functionality Based on TESLA toolkit (same as Migrate) Dynamic library interposition principle Code complexity ~ 2000 LoC (Lines of Code)

Application

Multicast Middleware

C-library/OS

Tesla

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Middleware: Bearer Establishment - 1

Application

Multicast Middleware (MM)

C-library/OS

1, Gets IP multicast address/port of Interworking-MSCH via announcement

2. Opens and binds socket

3. Multicast middleware opens real socket using provided IP multicast address/port

4. Starts listening to commands from group manager

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Middleware: Bearer Establishment - 2

Application

Interworking-MM

C-library/OS

7. Starts forwarding incoming data to application

5. Receives establish request (IP Multicast address/port/network)

6. Establishes multicast socket onIdentified interface for data plane

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Middleware: Vertical Handover - 1

Application

Interworking-MM

C-library/OS

3. Still forward data from old socket until data from new one arrives

1. Receives migrate request Old and new(IP Multicast address/port/network)

2. Establishes new multicast socket onIdentified interface for new data plane

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Middleware: Vertical Handover - 2

Application

Interworking-MM

C-library/OS

6. Application receives data from new socket

4. New data arrives

5. Old data plane is released

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Implementation Demonstration: Network Architecture

IoN Gateway (Home Network)

IoN Gateway (Visting Network)

DVB Cell 1

Content Provider

UMTS Cell 1UMTS Cell 2

UMTS Cell 3

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Implementation Demonstration: Network Equipment

Network infrastructure 2 Cisco routers (2600 series) 1 GigabitEthernet Layer3 switch Layer 2 switches 1 WLAN access point

Servers Interworking gateway (GM/RM) Streaming servers Web server

Clients 3 Laptops with Ethernet/WLAN card Fedora Core 3 Linux

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Implementation Demonstration: Gateway Implementation

Implementation language C++ and QT library:Portable to any platform Code complexity ~ 8000 LoC

Features:Multithreaded group management serverService Manager for service creationEach service provides:

its own grouping, and up to 2 different service flowsscheduling (size and timeout based)network selection function (by the RM function)its own Interworking-MSCH (messages XML based)

User context information data base and browser

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Other components

Webserver Apache 2 HTML fronted for user subscription Python script as subscription backend to group manager

Streaming Server Video LAN Client (VLC) as video server

Currently streaming UDP however RTP also possible

User request simulation Python script

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Resource and Group Management: Conclusions

In interworked heterogeneous wireless networks:Resource management focuses on service

scheduling, and network selectionGroup management focuses on aggregation of

receiver context information to support RM in its decision making

Close interaction between resource and group management during set-up and handover.

Combined interworking and multicast is a promising solution to extended services in existing wireless networks.

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