Nelson Siegel paperweb.math.ku.dk/~rolf/teaching/NelsonSiegel.pdfNelson Siegel paper
Www.cengage.com/cj/siegel Larry J. Siegel Dennis Souther – Pfeiffer University, Misenheimer, NC ©...
-
Upload
godwin-greene -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
Transcript of Www.cengage.com/cj/siegel Larry J. Siegel Dennis Souther – Pfeiffer University, Misenheimer, NC ©...
www.cengage.com/cj/siegel
Larry J. Siegel
Dennis Souther – Pfeiffer University, Misenheimer, NC
© Copyright Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter NineDevelopmental Theories: Life
Course, Propensity, and Trajectory
© Copyright Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter NineDevelopmental Theories: Life Course, Propensity, and Trajectory
Robert Wonser
Introduction to Criminology
Crime and Delinquency
© Copyright Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
• Glueck’s
–Sampson and Laub
• Wolfgang
• Loeber and LeBlanc
Foundations of Developmental Theory
© Copyright Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
• Three Views of Criminal Career Development
−Three independent yet interrelated developmental views:
• Life Course Theory
• Propensity Theory
−Latent trait
• Trajectory Theory
Foundations of Developmental Theory
© Copyright Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
• Population Heterogeneity versus State Dependence
–Population heterogeneity
•The propensity to commit crime is stable.
–State dependence
•The propensity to commit crime is constantly changing.
Foundations of Developmental Theory
© Copyright Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
• Relationships and behaviors determine adult life course.
–Children learn conformity to social rules and to function effectively in society.
–Later begin careers, leave parental homes, find permanent relationships, and marry and begin families.
–Transitions take place in order.
Life-Course Fundamentals
© Copyright Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
• Life-Course Theories –Criminality is a dynamic process
•Age of onset•Early onset
–Problem Behavior Syndrome (PBS)–Continuity of crime–Age-graded theory
Foundations of Developmental Theory
© Copyright Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
• Problem Behavior Syndrome
– A cluster of antisocial behaviors that may include family dysfunction, substance abuse, smoking, precocious sexuality and early pregnancy, educational underachievement, suicide attempts, sensation seeking, and unemployment, as well as crime.
– Crime is a social problem rather than a result of other social problems.
Life-Course Fundamentals
© Copyright Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
• Age-Graded Theory
–Social capital
–Cumulative disadvantage
–Turning points
–Testing age-graded theory
–Love, marriage, and criminality
Foundations of Developmental Theory
© Copyright Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Foundations of Developmental Theory
© Copyright Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
• Propensity Theory
–Latent traits
–Propensity
• Crime and human nature
Foundations of Developmental Theory
© Copyright Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
• Theories that a stable feature, characteristic, property, or condition, present at birth or soon after, makes some people crime-prone over the life course.
Latent Trait Theories
© Copyright Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
• General Theory of Crime (GTC)• Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi
– What causes impulsivity/low self-control to develop?Learning or biology?
– The act and the offender– Testing the General Theory of Crime– Criticisms and questions– Environment and impulsivity
Foundations of Developmental Theory
© Copyright Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
• Critiques
–Tautological
–Different Classes of Criminals
–Ecological Differences
–Racial and Gender Differences
–Moral Beliefs
–Peer Influence
Analyzing the General Theory of Crime
© Copyright Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
• Critiques
–People change
–Modest relationship
–Cross-cultural differences
–Misreads human nature
–One of many causes
Analyzing the General Theory of Crime
© Copyright Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
• Is self-control is a constant or something that changes?
• Come up with a few different scenarios and think about your reaction in each situation.
–Would your reaction be the same regardless of the day or week?
Class Discussion/Activity
© Copyright Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
• Trajectory Theory–Offending trajectories–Pathways to crime–Authority conflict pathway
• Covert pathway• Overt pathway• Adolescent-limited and life course persistent offenders
–Late starters and abstainers
Foundations of Developmental Theory
© Copyright Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Foundations of Developmental Theory
© Copyright Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
• Offense Specialization/Generalization• Age of Onset/Continuity of Crime
–Criminal career starts early in life.–Persistent criminal offenders begin
their careers early in life.–Early onset creates a downward spiral –Adolescent-Limited–Life-Course Persisters
Life-Course Fundamentals
© Copyright Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
• Social
• Educational
• Family services
Public Policy Implications of Developmental Theory