WWII THE HOMEFRONT. WWII The Home Front 1941-1945 Introduction Mobilization Financing the War ...
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Transcript of WWII THE HOMEFRONT. WWII The Home Front 1941-1945 Introduction Mobilization Financing the War ...
![Page 1: WWII THE HOMEFRONT. WWII The Home Front 1941-1945 Introduction Mobilization Financing the War Military Service Government Control Industrial.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649f4d5503460f94c6e875/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
WWII THE HOMEFRONT
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WWII The Home Front1941-1945
Introduction Mobilization
Financing the War Military Service Government Control
Industrial Service Rationing Office of Censorship
Society/Economy Jobs/Economic Boom Women/Families Race Relations
Native Americans African Americans Hispanic Americans Japanese Americans
Conclusion
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WWII Themes
Growth in size and power of national government
Impact of war on society, economy, and race relation
Were the changes positive or negative for the country
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WWII The Home Front1941-1945
Introduction Mobilization
Financing the War Military Service Government Control
Industrial Service Rationing Office of Censorship
Society/Economy Jobs/Economic Boom Women/Families Race Relations
Native Americans African Americans Hispanic Americans Japanese Americans
Conclusion
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Mobilization
The use of a country’s resources for the purpose of the war effort.1. Military Service (Recruitment/Draft)2. Industrial Service (employment in war
industry)3. Raise Money (Revenue through
taxation/Bonds)4. Rationing
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WWII The Home Front1941-1945
Introduction Mobilization
Financing the War Military Service Government Control
Industrial Service Rationing Office of Censorship
Society/Economy Jobs/Economic Boom Women/Families Race Relations
Native Americans African Americans Hispanic Americans Japanese Americans
Conclusion
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Finances
Cost of WWII - $250 million per day (3.6 Billion dollars
a day today)
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Finances – War Bonds
Cost of WWII - $250 million per day (3.6 Billion dollars a
day today) Solution #1: Money
was borrowed 1941 debt: $48
billion 1945 debt: $247
billion
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Finances – War Bonds
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Finances – War Bonds
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Finances - Revenue Act 1942
Solution #2: Revenue Act of 1942 Tax rates for
all were increased
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WWII The Home Front1941-1945
Introduction Mobilization
Financing the War Military Service Government Control
Industrial Service Rationing Office of Censorship
Society/Economy Jobs/Economic Boom Women/Families Race Relations
Native Americans African Americans Hispanic Americans Japanese Americans
Conclusion
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Military Service - Enlistments 1941:
1.6 million 1945:
+15 million men and
350,000 women
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Military Service
1941: 1.6 million
1945: +15 million men
10 million drafted 350,000 women
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Military Service
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WWII The Home Front1941-1945
Introduction Mobilization
Financing the War Military Service Government Control
Industrial Service Rationing Office of Censorship
Society/Economy Jobs/Economic Boom Women/Families Race Relations
Native Americans African Americans Hispanic Americans Japanese Americans
Conclusion
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Government Control of Economy
Government Agencies War Production
Board (WPB) Converted
economy from civilian to military goods
1943 U.S. production = Ger., It., and Jap. Combined.
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Government Control of Economyexample: Auto Industry Mobilizes
Chrysler: Tanks At one Michigan
plant 22,000 tanks were built; during the war Germany built 25,000
The U.S. built 50,000 tanks
Ford: Jeeps and planes Built 288,000
Jeeps By end of war,
one plane was completed every 63 minutes
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Government Control of EconomyWomen in the Workforce
1941-1945: Over 6 million women entered the workforce
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Video Check Up!
How did people mobilize for the war effort?
What impact did the war have on ‘War Towns.’
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Video Check Up!
How did people mobilize for the war effort?
What impact did the war have on ‘War Towns.’
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WWII The Home Front1941-1945
Introduction Mobilization
Financing the War Military Service Government Control
Industrial Service Rationing Office of Censorship
Society/Economy Jobs/Economic Boom Women/Families Race Relations
Native Americans African Americans Hispanic Americans Japanese Americans
Conclusion
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Government Control of Economy
Government Agencies War Production
Board (WPB) Office of Price
Administration (OPA)
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Government Control of Economy - Office of Price Administration (OPA)
Rationed goods with stamps
Set price controls (to counteract war-time inflation)
Collected recycled material
Set National Speed Limit: 35 mph
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Government Control of Economy - Office of Price Administration (OPA)
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Video Check Up!
What types of goods were rationed during the war?
How did people react to this type of rationing?
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Video Check Up!
What types of goods were rationed during the war?
How did people react to this type of rationing?
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WWII The Home Front1941-1945
Introduction Mobilization
Financing the War Military Service Government Control
Industrial Service Rationing Office of Censorship
Society/Economy Jobs/Economic Boom Women/Families Race Relations
Native Americans African Americans Hispanic Americans Japanese Americans
Conclusion
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Government Control of Economy
Government Agencies War Production
Board (WPB) Office of Price
Administration (OPA)
Office of Censorship
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Office Censorship
Designed to promote patriotism and influence public opinion: Examined letters going overseas Censored casualty figures Photos of American war dead were
prohibited for some time Later, the media was encouraged to
publicize accounts of Japanese atrocities vs. U.S. soldiers
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WWII The Home Front1941-1945
Introduction Mobilization
Financing the War Military Service Government Control
Industrial Service Rationing Office of Censorship
Society/Economy Jobs/Economic Boom Women/Families Race Relations
Native Americans African Americans Hispanic Americans Japanese Americans
Conclusion
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Economic Boom
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Economic Boom
Average wages for all workers at least doubled during the war
Unemployment was low
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WWII The Home Front1941-1945
Introduction Mobilization
Financing the War Military Service Government Control
Industrial Service Rationing Office of Censorship
Society/Economy Jobs/Economic Boom Women/Families Race Relations
Native Americans African Americans Hispanic Americans Japanese Americans
Conclusion
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Women in the Workforce
1941-1945: Over 6 million women entered the workforce
Many new women workers were married
Women still responsible for “traditional” chores
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War and the American Family
Marriages and birthrates increased; so did divorces 1940: 16 divorces per
100 marriages 1944: 27 divorces per
100 marriages High school
enrollment dropped Rates of juvenile
delinquency increased
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WWII The Home Front1941-1945
Introduction Mobilization
Financing the War Military Service Government Control
Industrial Service Rationing Office of Censorship
Society/Economy Jobs/Economic Boom Women/Families Race Relations
Native Americans African Americans Hispanic Americans Japanese Americans
Conclusion
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Race Relations: Native Americans
About 25,000 Native Americans served in armed forces
Some Navajo worked as “Code Talkers”
Many left reservations to work at defense plants
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WWII The Home Front1941-1945
Introduction Mobilization
Financing the War Military Service Government Control
Industrial Service Rationing Office of Censorship
Society/Economy Jobs/Economic Boom Women/Families Race Relations
Native Americans African Americans Hispanic Americans Japanese Americans
Conclusion
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African Americans and WWII
Many Af. Americans were conflicted about supporting the war effort Issue: Why oppose tyranny
abroad while southern whites terrorized African Americans at home.
Double V Campaign Started by the Pittsburgh
Courier newspaper in 1942 Encouraged African
Americans to participate at every level in winning the war abroad, while simultaneously fighting for their civil rights at home.
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Race Relations: African Americans Battle Front:
About one million served in armed forces in segregated units
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Race Relations: African Americans Battle Front:
About one million served in armed forces in segregated units
Home Front: Over 700,000 African
Americans left the south and moved to urban industrial areas in the north
Average wages increased from $457 to 1,976 per year
Racial tension developed in some areas of the country Race riots took place in
several cities
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FRQ Essay Drill
Analyze the home-front experiences of THREE of the following groups during the Second World War. African Americans Japanese Americans Jewish Americans Mexican Americans
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To Serve or Not to Serve?
The interviewees in the following clip express a variety of opinions about whether or not African Americans should have participated in the war effort on the home front and battlefront. As you watch, create a chart with each speaker’s name along with his or her personal information, role in the war and reasons for or against participation.
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Name Opinion of the War
-John Hope Franklin
-John Gray
-Daniel Inouye
Changes in the Military
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As you watch, create a chart with each speaker’s name along with his or her personal information, role in the war and reasons for or against participation.
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As you watch, create a chart with each speaker’s name along with his or her personal information, role in the war and reasons for or against participation.
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“One of the most important results of this war was to begin the process of integration. One must recall that in that war, you had the Japanese…92nd division, the Tuskegee Airmen, the Navajo code talkers. The Filipino Americans in Manila, the Puerto Rican regiment, the 65th Regiment. And all of them, in their way, fought bravely and made a heroic chapter of their lives… And so I think the war played a major role in civil rights. Not realizing that that was the purpose, but, so after that, who will tell us, no, you’re not worth to be considered Americans? No one can tell us that to our face.“ -Daniel Inouye
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Check Up!
1. Do you believe the Double V Campaign was on target with their mission and goal?
2. How could individual African Americans best further their own quest for equal rights during World War II?
3. Do you agree with John Hope Franklin who decided that his country did not deserve his service?
4. Do you think that participation in the war effort would help or hinder African Americans’ quest for civil rights after the war?
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WWII The Home Front1941-1945
Introduction Mobilization
Financing the War Military Service Government Control
Industrial Service Rationing Office of Censorship
Society/Economy Jobs/Economic Boom Women/Families Race Relations
Native Americans African Americans Hispanic Americans Japanese Americans
Conclusion
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Hispanic Americans
In 1942, the U.S. negotiated the Bracero program
Bracero program allowed Mexican migrant workers to enter the U.S. and work in farms
U.S. farmers became dependent upon work of Bracero laborers
In California, some U.S. soldiers attacked Mexican and Mexican American youth during the “Zoot Suit” riots.
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WWII The Home Front1941-1945
Introduction Mobilization
Financing the War Military Service Government Control
Industrial Service Rationing Office of Censorship
Society/Economy Jobs/Economic Boom Women/Families Race Relations
Native Americans African Americans Hispanic Americans Japanese Americans
Conclusion
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Japanese Americans
Following the attacks on Pearl Harbor many blamed Japanese-Americans
Some called for incarceration of all those of Japanese ancestor living in the U.S.
Executive Order 9066 Created military
exclusion zones. Areas in which any or all persons may be excluded.
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Executive Order 9066
Executive Order 9066 Created military
exclusion zones. Areas in which any or all persons may be excluded.
About 110,000 Japanese Americans were relocated into Internment Camps 2/3 were U.S. citizens
Most camps were located in remote parts of the West
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Locations of Internment Camps
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And when we went to the internment camp, guard towers, double security fence and all that, I really wondered what’s going to happen to us. You know, that this is just the beginning and they may very well send us back to Japan. And that, to me, was horrible. I, in my heart, knew my loyalty belongs to America. I went to school, pledged allegiance every morning in grammar school. And for me to think that I may be sent to Japan was horrendous. And so that was sort of a nightmare.
—Susumu Satow,
Check Up! Camp or Prison? What do you think?
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Check Up!
1. Why do you think that only Japanese Americans were effected by Ex. Order 9066?
2. Why do you think Americans didn’t protest to Japanese internment camps?
3. Was the gov. justified in sending Japanese Americans to relocations camps?
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Korematsu vs. United states
The Case: Fred Korematsu
sued the national government over his forced relocation to an internment camp.
In 1944 the Supreme Court agreed to hear the case.
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Check Up!
Each member in the group is to research one of the following topics. You will have ten minutes to do so. Writ of Habeas Corpus List of civil rights Presidential Powers
After you have done so compare your notes, and consider the case of Korematsu vs. United states. Did the president have the constitutional authority to remove people of Japanese Ancestry from certain areas of the country?
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Research Says!
Habeas Corpus Civil Rights Presidential Powers
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Korematsu vs. United states
The Case: Fred Korematsu
sued the national government over his forced relocation to an internment camp.
In 1944 the Supreme Court agreed to hear the case.
The Decision: The Supreme Court
upheld the Internment stating that need to protect against espionage outweighed an individual’s rights, and the rights of Americans of Japanese descent.
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Japanese Interment: Long Term Impact
Japanese Americans lost businesses and homes to foreclosure while in relocation camps.
A Government Commission issued a formal apology in 1982
In 1988 Congress awarded each surviving internee $20,000
Check Up! Was this a
sufficient apology for what had been done?
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Check Up!
To What extent has the United States limited civil liberties during times of war? Quasi War with France Civil War World War I World War II
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Check Up!
To What extent has the United States limited civil liberties during times of war? Quasi War with France - Alien and Sedition
Act – Kentucky and Virginia Resolution Civil War – Suspension of the Writ of Habeas
Corpus and Emancipation Proclamation World War I – Espionage Act and Sedition Act
- Schenck v. United States World War II – Executive Order 9066 –
Korematsu v. United States
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WWII The Home Front1941-1945
Introduction Mobilization
Financing the War Military Service Government Control
Industrial Service Rationing Office of Censorship
Society/Economy Jobs/Economic Boom Women/Families Race Relations
Native Americans African Americans Hispanic Americans Japanese Americans
Conclusion
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Conclusion
The United States was impacted tremendously by involvement in WWII Size and power of U.S.
Government grew Economy Society Race Relations
Overall, were these change positive of negative for the country?
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Websites of Interest
FDR American Home F
ront World War II Poste
r Collection Race Riots – PBS Zoot Suit Riots Rationing
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Source
http://college.cengage.com/history/lecturepoints/index.html