APUSH WWII homefront
Transcript of APUSH WWII homefront
World War Two Homefront
What must be done to win the war?
Increase production of war goods
War Production Board
Convince Americans to fight for democracy
Office of War Information Posters, movies (no movies critical of America, like in 30’s!)
Subdue subversives
Japanese-American Internment
Ensure enough soldiers
Selective Service- 16 million served
Economics
Decrease domestic production
Few cars Limited wash
machines Limited fridges
Increase War Materials
Airplanes 300,000 Tanks 88,000 Jeeps 3 million Ships 7,000 Bullets BILLIONS!
Conservation at home
Rationing Scrap drives Victory Gardens Saving instead of
spending!
1942 only 1% unemployment
30% increase cost of living, but 70% increase in wages!
$185 billion raised in bonds to fund the war-BORROWING!
HOW??
War Production Board
National War Labor Board (Union membership up 50%!)
Smith-Connolly Act 1943
Society
Working Women “Rosie the Riveter”
3/4th were married
1/4th had children
Daycare idea expands
18 million women worked
$31-32 wages a week ($50+ for men)
Marriage age decreased to 20.5 years old
Divorce increased
Increase juvenile delinquency
350,000 women in Nurse’s Corp and military branches
Women’s role blurring…
Japanese Executive order 9066
February 19, 1942
Relocation centers mostly out west (Co, WY, AZ, ND, MT, TX, GA) 16 states total
424,000 held in camps at peak
26 main camps, 511 branches
Korematsu v. US 1944
(military necessity allowed)
EO 9066 rescinded 1944
33,000 served in armed forces (Hawaii)
Society Continued
Japanese continued
1946 last camp closed
Future…
1968 reparations paid for lost property
1983 camps were ruled unjustified, formal apology
1988 $20,000 paid to surviving internee (60,000)
Society Italian and German Americans
Finger-printed, photographed, carry registration card at all times
In some places, travel restrictions, curfew
Why not as harsh as against Japanese Americans?
Society Mexican Americans
Bracero Program- 300,000 to fill defense jobs in SW
500,000 served in war
LA Riots 1943- anti-Mexican fervor
Native Americans
25,000 served (1/3 of able bodied men)
“Wouldn’t need selective service if everyone volunteered like the Indians”
Navajo Code Talkers
Chinese
Ended exclusion in 1943 because allies against Japan
Society – African-American
Double “V” by NAACP = Victory at home & abroad
Support by NAACP CORE = Congress of racial equality
sit ins begin against Jim Crow Limited success, but…
Military units still segregated (1 million AA men served)
1941: Executive Order 8802 = fair employment practice for blacks, a civil rights movement by presidential intervention
A Phillip Randolph threats! Committee on Fair Employment Practices
Still segregated units
5.5 million move to cities (majority of blacks living in city)
Racial tension
CPUSA (not for exam) Led by Joseph Peters to recruit employees in D.C.
as FDR government expands to spy for Stalin
Work in state department, forged passports
Work in Lend-Lease, Manhattan Project (Theodore Hall)
Steal information from US airforce – make Mig 15
Why would Americans commit treason?
VERONA project to decode S.U. spies
Whittacker Chambers – Sr. Editor of Time magazine
Stalin purges 17-22 million - paranoid