World History 3201 - Moores'...
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Transcript of World History 3201 - Moores'...
3.2.1 - 3.2.9
THE COURSE OF THE
WAR
o Early war years
o Battle of Britain – Why did they survive?
o Impact of major battles (this one is for YOU)
o USA/ Japan conflict
o America’s entry into WW2
o Atomic bomb
o Tragedies of war
OVERVIEW:
o Guaranteeing Germany and Soviet Union would solve
anydisputes without armed conflict for ten years. (It lasted less
than two)
o The two countries exchanged food and machinery; helped
Germany in the first year of the war
o Protocol of the Pact stated that if Germany went to war with
Britain and France over Poland, SU would not intervene/ fight
Germany
NAZI-SOVIET NON-AGGRESSION PACT 1939
o Stalin’s pact with Hitler guaranteed non-aggressionbetween the two
countries, however, this did not mean Stalin signed up with Germany
as part of the Axis Powers .
o Theyremained uninterested in joining forces on either side until 1941
when Hitler invaded the Soviet Union.
o Stalin had no choice but to ally with Britain and France in an attempt
to thwart Hitler and the Nazis
SOVIET UNION: AXIS OR ALLIED?
o Sept 1st, 1939 Hitler
invaded Poland
o Overthrew them within
weeks (Germany’s powerful
built up, prepared army vs
Poland’s outdated, il l -
equipped army)
HITLER INVADES POLAND
WWII ALLIANCES
The Allies
o Britain (1939)
o France (1939)
o Soviet Union (1941)
o The United States (1941)
The Axis Powers
o Germany
o Italy
o Japan
3.2.1: TERMS:
o Means “lightening war”
o Intense method of warfare, begins with fast moving armoured
tanks (German Panzer), followed by quick effective air force
and land support.
o Relies on speed to surprise and encircle the enemy, using
various attack methods to outwit
BLITZKRIEG:
BLITZKRIEG SEPT 1939 - JUNE 1940
o Countries that fell under the German Blitzkrieg:
Poland
Denmark
Norway
Holland
Belgium
Luxemburg
France
o The term arose when, after moving in to help Poland defend
against German aggression, French and British armies were
stopped at the Maginot and Siegfried Lines with no major
counter plan.
o War had been officially declared but no major offensives were
set against the German Reich (approx. Sept 1939 - May 1940)
o Germans were busy in Poland but troops were at Maginot and
Siegfried Lines along France’s borders
PHONEY WAR (APPROX. SEPT 1939- MAY 1940)
o Britain and France bought discounted ammunitions from United States and built p their resources
o Britain blockaded resources to Germany to hamper their war resources; Germany counter-blockaded
o A fortification built before WW2 to protect France’s eastern
border (Germany).
o Thought to be impregnable- had anti-tank posts, observation
posts, bunkers, shelters, flood zones, railway system, heavy
voltage transmission lines and more.
o Germans easily took it over in 1939 through Belgium.
MAGINOT LINE
o To avoid a surprise attack and to give alarm
o Cover the mobilization of the army
o To save manpower
o To protect Alsace and Lorraine (and their industrial basin)
o Be a basis for counter attack
o To hold the enemy while waiting for the main army as backup in
battle
o To show non-aggressive posture in the hopes Britain would help
them out in the case of Germany invading Belgium
PURPOSES FOR THE MAGINOT LINE
o Another global war (1939-45)
o 2 Major military alliances: Axis and Allies
Axis (Germany, Japan, Italy)
Allies (Britain, France, Soviet Union, United States and China)
o Total War:Industrial , economic, scientific capabilit ies behind war
effort; Civilian war
o Civilian + Holocaust + battle (nuclear weapons) = 50 - 85 million
deaths
3.2.2: EARLY SUCCESS OF GERMANY IN THE F IRST YEAR OF WW2
o Britain gave Hit ler an ult imatum:
“Leave Poland by 11 am on Sept
3 or go to war.”
o Hitler scof fed and kept his armies
in place.
o War was declared
o Britain and her Al l ies mil i tarized
and moved in to help but were cut
of f ; unable to help Poland
(phoney war)
BATTLE #1:
o Ended the Phoney War (April/May 1940) when Germany
attacked Norway and Denmark (neutral countries)
o Denmark fell, Norway held on with help of Allies but fell in
June 1940
o Blitzkrieg tactics: Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg, France
o Took France via the Ardennes forest; dividing bulk French army
@ Maginot Line and Allied forces in Belgium
o Germans raced to the sea; encircled French troops at the south
and trapped British Expeditionary Forces (BEF) in the north at
Dunkirk
FALL OF FRANCE/ MIRACLE @ DUNKIRK
FRANCE SURRENDERS JUNE, 1940
o Op. Dynamo spared the professional core of the British Army;
did not prevent the Fall of France
“WE MUST BE VERY CAREFUL NOT TO ASSIGN TO THIS
DELIVERANCE THE ATTRIBUTES OF A V ICTORY. WARS ARE NOT
WON BY EVACUATIONS” - W.C
o A.K.A: Miracle at Dunkirk
o 27 May - 4 June, 1940; Evacuation of Allied troops stranded at
Dunkirk
o PM W.Churchil l ’s famous “We Shall Fight on the Beaches ” speech.
o As a result the core of the British Army (BEF) remainedintact to fight
another day.
EVACUATION AT DUNKIRK
TROOPS WAIT TO BE EVACUATED ON THE
BEACHES OF DUNKIRK, FRANCE
WHERE?
WHEN?
WHO?
TECHNOLOGIES?
RESULT?
DUNKIRK EVACUATION
o Dunkirk’s beaches, France
o 1940
o UK, FRANCE vs. GERMANY
o Boats to save stranded All ied soldiers on the beached.
o A “success” for Hitler and Churchil l .
NOW BRITAIN IS ALL ALONE!
BATTLE #2
o July 1940 – May 1941.
o The defeat of France was a severe blow.
o Continental western Europe was under Nazi-Germany control.
o Only Britain and its Empire lef t.
BATTLE OF BRITAIN “THE BLITZ”
o Hitler was convinced that Britain would have no choice BUT to
make peace.
o Evacuation at Dunkirk & Prime Minister Churchill’s leadership
only strengthens Britain’s resolve to fight on.
o Hitler orders Operation Sea Lion (invasion of Britain)
o BUT first German Luftwaffe (air force) had to gain control of the air in order to secure safe passage for a sea invasion across the English Channel.
o July 10 th, 1940, the Luftwaffe began air raids over Britain to prepare for the invasion along England’s southern coast.
o German targets were British air fields & radar stations, British ships in the English Channel, & harbours in the south of the country.
The air assault continued through the summer and
into the fall of 1940.
German air force outnumbered British air force 4:1,
however, the British shot down 2 German planes for
every 1 British plane shot down.
“... the Battle of France is over. I expect that the Battle of
Britain is about to begin.” - Churchill
o Germany planned an air raid on Britain in late 1940; purpose was to
gain superiority over the RAF
o Turning point of WW2 because Germany could not defeat the RAF
1. Human factors: strong leadership, RAF, determination of civilians
2. Technological factors: radar, Ultra (signals intelligence, high level
encryption services using radio and teleprinter)
3.2.3 BRITAIN SURVIVES BATTLE OF BRITAIN
o “Never in the field of human conflict, was so much owed by so
many to so few”- W.C
o RAF were outnumbered but had double the aerial skill than that
of Germany (RAF comprised of p i lots from the Commonwealth )
o “Dowding System”- integrated air defence system of radar,raid
plotting and radio control - Key in RAF success
o Squadrons sent out to intercept air raids by subjecting them to
continual attack, meant to break up the raid whereby individual
aircraft were taken one by one
o RAF aircraft could attack German bombers head on
o Coastal and Bomber raids: May 1940 began nighttime raids
against German oil industry and communications in Ruhr
TACTICS:
o Civilians endured bombings, hunger, homelessness, separation but
they remained strong and determined; this got them through BoB
o Took pride in their country and all the minor-major victories
o PM Churchill was a real leader who encouraged Britons to remain
strong; his leadership was integral to their success; his speeches
invoked a sense of pride and responsibili ty.
o He focused on the goal at hand; Britons felt a sense of duty
1. HUMAN FACTORS:
o Radar and Ultra were developed in this period and were crucial
to Britain’s success against the Luftwaffe
2. TECHNOLOGY:
o Radar showed German aircraft coming in; what speed, where
from and how many
o Allowed time to prepare the RAF for surprise offensive attack
and also allow civilians time to get in their bunkers
“But if we fail, then the whole world, including the United
States, including all that we have known and cared for, will sink
into the abyss of a new dark age made more sinister, and
perhaps more protracted, by the lights of perverted science. Let
us therefore brace ourselves to our duty and so bear ourselves
that if the British Commonwealth and its Empire lasts a
thousand years, men will say this was their finest hour.”
-PM Churchill June, 1940
(*this quote is in your notes)
o Enigma was the German code-machine (2.2 billion
combinations; had its weaknesses)
o Britain got hold of an Enigma and developed Ultra to decode
Britain survived the Battle of Britain by:
Human factors:
o Strong leadership,
o RAF
o steadfastness of British people
Technological factors:
o Ultra
o Radar
IN CONCLUSION:
WHERE?
WHEN?
WHO?
TECHNOLOGIES?
RESULT?
THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN
o Above England
o Summer 1940
o RAF vs. LUFTWAFFE
o Planes (fighting in air) , Radar could show attacks
coming, code breaking.
o The Brit ish resisted and morale remained high.
Operation Sea Lion was no longer possible.
3. OPERATION BARBAROSSA JUNE ‘41
o Code name for Hitler’s attack against the Soviet Union
o This breaks the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact and brings
the Soviet Union into the war
o Stalin Allies with Churchill to defeat the Nazis
o Hitler now has a 2 front war—very stupid move, Adolf...
Crap!
oHitler had always planned to invade the Soviet Union
oNazis (and Fascists) hate Communists
o The Caucasus region in Russia has huge oil resources
oStalin was totally surprised by the attack
... “The colossal empire in the East is ripe for dissolution.”
Mein Kampf, 1926
o Mussolini was supposed to conquer the Balkan countries then
Hitler would invade the USSR
o But Il Duce didn’t succeed so Hitler had to come clean up
Mussolini’s mess before beginning Barbarossa
o Germany took the Balkan countries but the delay meant he’d
have to invade the USSR in the summer, then face the Russian
winter...
o At dawn on 22 June 1941 Germany launch 3 mil l ion men 3,500 tanks and 3,00 aircraf t against USSR
o The massive force is divided into three groups, Nor th, Center, and South each group had its own objective .
o The nor th army targets Leningrad
o The center targets Moscow
o The South target wheat fields of the Ukraine and the Oi l fields of the Caucasus
OPERATION BARBAROSSA
RESULT OF OPERATION BARBAROSSA
o Onset of Russian winter slowed the German advance
o Stalemate meant HUGE Russian casualties and drain of
German resources on the Eastern Front
o USSR of ficially joined the war on the side of Britain in 1941
(the Allies)
WHERE?
WHEN?
WHO?
TECHNOLOGIES?
RESULT?
OPERATION BARBAROSSA
o Hit ler ’s invasion of the USSR
o Star ted 22 June 1941
o GERMANY vs . RED ARMY
o Rat io (GER : USSR)
• Soldiers 1 .3 :1
• Weapons 0 .7:1
• Planes 0.5 :1
• Tanks 0.3 :1
o Stal in s tunned by the invasion, he showed a huge lack of leadership. The Naz i -Soviet Pact was abandoned.
BATTLE #3:
General Montgomery - Allies General Rommel “Desert Fox” - Axis
o Before 1942, the Axis suffered only 3 defeats: Commonwealth
forces had l iberated Abyssinia from Italy (1940), won the Battle
of Britain (1940), & defeated Mussolini’s troops in Libya.
o In 1942, Hitler sent GENERAL ROMMEL to Libya with a small
German army to help Italian armies fighting the British army.
o Rommel’s job was to act as the southern jaw of a pincer
movement focused on capturing Suez Canal & the Middle East oil
fields.
BATTLE OF EL ALAMEIN:
o The British forces in Africa had been driven back into Egypt by
Rommel, however, before the Germans were able to capture
the strategic SUEZ CANAL the British began defeating them at
El Alamein in Egypt in Oct, 1942.
o The German/Italian armies retreated to Tunisia, BUT were
surrounded in Nov, 1942 when the Anglo-American force
landed in Morocco & Algeria.
o In May, 1943 these Axis armies surrendered allowing
for an invasion of Italy.
o In Sept, 1943 the Allies invaded the Italian mainland
& Mussolini was removed from power & Italy
changed sides.
NOTE:
WHERE?
WHEN?
WHO?
TECHNOLOGIES?
RESULT?
THE BATTLE OF EL ALAMEIN
o Egypt, Nor th Africa
o Nov. 1942
o UK, USA vs. AFRIKA KORPS (GER.) who wanted to
take the Suez Canal and gain access to the oi l f ields
in the Middle East.
o Rommel lost 600 tanks and 60% of Ger. soldiers
kil led. Al l ies made an “amphibious landing” =
practice for D-Day.
o No more Ger. victories in Africa. The Al l ies could now
star t to l iberate Italy and the Mediterranean.
MEANWHILE, BACK IN THE USSR...
o Remember Barbarossa?
o Began in June, 1941
o Germans pushed farther into the USSR
o By August, 1941, The Germans were outside Stalingrad
THE BATTLE OF STALINGRAD, JULY ‘42 - FEB ‘93
o Stalin was sweating as Nazi forces closed in on Stalingrad.
o The city had HUGE significance as it was named for, well,
Stalin.
o He ordered it MUST be defended to the end! All available
troops were sent there.
o 3 things worked in the Russians’ favour:
Nazi supplies were dwindling
Russian winter set in (General snow again)
Russians considered it their patriotic duty to defend the city and
rallied behind Stalin much like Britons did behind Churchill during the
Blitz
*Even now, WWII is known as “The Great Patriotic War” in Russia (and
former USSR)
o Conditions were awful for both sides
Germans were ill-equipped for the weather and supplies never came
Soviet army, while huge, was short on resources (much like
Tannenburg in WWI)
o Considered the bloodiest battle in history, with more
combined casualties than any other battle before or since...
RESULT AND IMPACT
o Germans troops surrendered
o Marked first defeat on the Eastern Front
o Soviets could now start offensive to push Nazis back to Germany
o HUGE morale boost for All ies (especially after El Alamein)
o Considered a MAJOR turning point in the war
Before... After...
IMAGES OF STALINGRAD
FIGHTING IN THE STREETS
German General SurrendersGerman POW-- not ice the frostbi te on
his face
Red Army Soldier signals victoryWar Memorial for service to the
Motherland
2001
WHERE?
WHEN?
WHO?
TECHNOLOGIES?
RESULT?
o Sta l ingrad, S .W. USSR near the Volga (major r iver )
o Winter 1941- Jan . 1943
o GERMANY vs . RED ARMY
o Panzers (Ger. t ank d ivis ions)
o Soviet vic tory! HITLER’S 1ST LOSS! = TURNING POING in the EAST, Germans pushed back to the Wes t . So bad fo r Ger. they n icknamed the ba t t le “Rat tenkrieg”. Hi t le r ’s a rmy could be bea ten!
THE BATTLE OF STALINGRAD
Refers to the war in
the Atlantic ocean to
stop supplies from
getting to the Allies,
or, Convoys vs U-
Boats
BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC
“The only thing that
ever really
frightened me in the
whole war was the u-
Boat peril.”
IN A NUTSHELL...
o Britain needed supplies from North America
o Nazi u-boats hunted convoys in wolf-packs to try and stop supplies from entering Britain
o Allies used sonar, radar and convoys with air cover to fight the German u-boats
o By ‘43 German u -boats were no longer major threat due to lack of resources, manpower, superiority of Allied naval technology and German defeats in Europe
THE “ATLANTIC GAP” = NO ALLIED AIR COVER
Atlantic
Gap
U-BOAT SURRENDERS IN WITLESS BAY, NF
o The periscope from this sub currently resides at the Crow’s Nest Officer’s Club in St. John’s
o I’m still workin’ on when to do the field trip...
o Trust me—you’ll freak out ;)
WHERE?
WHEN?
WHO?
TECHNOLOGIES?
RESULT?
THE BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC
o Ent i re At lant ic Ocean
o 1939-1945
o ALLES vs . GERMAN NAVY
o U-boats to harm convoys , Asdic (sonar ) to f ind U -boats as far as 6km away, p lanes to e l iminate the “At lant ic Gap” .
o 1939 good for A l l ies , 1940 -2 many U -boat v ictor ies ,1942 -5 dec is ive v ictor y for the A l l ies .
NORMANDY INVASION (D-DAY)
D-DAY: JUNE 6, 1944
o Allied invasion of Nazi occupied Europe
o Go through English Channel and storm beaches of France with
everything you’ve got!
o Combined efforts of
FINALLY OPENS SECOND FRONT IN EUROPE
It’s about time!!!
THE D-DAY INVASION
o To begin liberating Europe from Nazi control the allies needed
to gain a foot hole through which they could pour supplies.
o The fighting that occurred on the beaches of Normandy was
some of the fiercest of the War
o The Germans anticipated the attack and built strong defenses
known as the Atlantic Wall
o The allies needed to assure three things
o Shut down German counterattack
o Coordinate attack to when weather, tide, and moon were
suitable
Trick Germans into thinking attack would occur elsewhere
The allies experienced mixed resistance, but by the end of the
day the allies were Back in Europe
RESULT
o Allies gain foothold in Europe
o Starts offensive against Germans in the west while Soviets
are pushing from the East
o First time since Dunkirk (’40) Allies are in Europe
o Marks ‘beginning of the end’ for the Germans
AND THE REST IS HISTORY...
o Early 1945 the Allies meet to discuss strategy at Yalta
o Soviet troops entered Berlin from the east by April
o US and British troops were quickly approaching Berlin from
the west
o There was hand to hand combat in the streets of Berlin...
BERLIN, MAY 1945
o Avoiding surrender to the end, Hitler committed suicide April
30, 1945
o His generals officially surrendered 1 week later
o This ended the war in Europe!!!
V-E DAY!!!
London Paris
AND THE WORLD CELEBRATES
Toronto New York
WHERE?
WHEN?
WHO?
TECHNOLOGIES?
RESULT?
o France, on the beaches of Normandy and not at Calais, as Hit ler bel ieved
o 6 June1944
o ALLIES vs. GERMANY
o Mulberry’s to transport their supplies onto the beaches upon arrival .
o TURNING POINT in Western Europe, the Nazis were chased towards Germany. The l iberation of France had begun!
D - DAY
BUT IT’S NOT OVER YET...The War in
the Pacific
WHO THE HECK IS THIS?
o 32nd President of US (served 12 years)
o 1933-1936 New Deal ( relief programs [jobs], recovery
[economic growth], and reform [regulation of Wall Street,
banks,transportation])
o “fun” fact: Contracted polio in 1930, trained himself to walk;
was not photographed in public in his wheelchair
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT (FDR)
o Roosevelt remained neutral during
the Munich Agreement, announced
US would not get involved in a “stop -
Hitler bloc” though he did follow the
policy of quarantine to aggressive
nations
o 1940, with Fall of Paris and German
occupation of Belgium, Luxembourg
and the Netherlands, American
isolationist sentiments faded and
talks of joining the war began (in
l ight)
USA
o Wilson’s 14 Points....League of Nations
o Isolationism
o Economic Depression
o FDR
JAPAN
o Emerging world power in Pacific
o Emperor with military establishment in charge of policy
o Expansion... .Manchuria 1931-32, full-scale Chinese invasion 1937
1920’S – 1930’S REVIEW
CONFLICT:
o With the outbreak of war in Europe, Japan (Tojo)saw an
opportunity to dominate Asian affairs, however, since the
Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931 the United States
became suspicious of the Japanese.
JAPANESE EXPANSION 1931 - 1937
o In the summer of 1937 Japan renewed their attack on China.
o In response to Japanese aggression the United States decided
to cancel their long-standing commercial treaty with Japan.
o This allowed the USA to impose trade restrictions that
seriously affected Japanese industry (we will get back to this).
o Despite the US pressure, Japan occupied the Northern part of
French Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.) in 1940
when France surrendered to Nazi Germany.
3.2.5: JAPANESE- AMERICAN RELATIONS PRIOR TO WWII
o Japanese-American relations were strained because:
IMPERIALISM
o July of 1941 Japan announced their plans to eliminate
Western influence in Asia and laid out a blueprint for a
Japanese empire in Southeast Asia.
o Japan needed resources(oil, rubber)had determined that
war with the USA was unavoidable.
o US imposed economic sanctions against Japan for its
expansion
o Japanese were angry when US moved its Naval Fleet to Pearl
Harbour in Hawaii
o *The US also had interests in the Pacific (Philippines)
o US made moves to show their umbrage towards Japanese
aggression in Asia (esp. China) [Japan invaded Nanking, China
raped and pillaged]
o US, who had a Naval fleet in the Pacific Ocean, boycotted Japan
via trade embargo (1939)
3.2.5
o Japan relied on US for petroleum, steel, iron and industrial
machinery
o Japan occupied Indochina in 1940, US warned them against
further aggression; stationed its Pacific Fleet in Pearl Harbour,
Hawaii
o Japan did not relent, 1941= Roosevelt imposed further economic
sanctions on aviation fuel, iron and scrap metal, cut off 90% of
its oil imports
o Japan saw the sanctions as a direct threat to national security
and economy but they refused to step out of China, Indochina
etc
o Great East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere called for Japanese
control of all resources in SE Asia; aimed at eliminating
Western influence
o Roosevelt terminated all trade between US and Japan - Japan
faced oil crisis
o US plans to quell Japan led to escalated tensions, further
deteriorating the relationship between the two nations
oJapan was faced with a tough choice: “to fight or
negotiate.”
FIGHT OR TALK
Answer!!!!!!
o7 Dec, 1941
oSurprise attack by
Imperial Japanese
Navy against US
base
PEARL HARBOUR BOMBING
o19 ships destroyed/disabled
o150 planes lost
o2400 military personnel + civilians killed
oThat same night, Japan declared war against US in the
hopes of debilitating the US Pacific Fleet and then
holding them off long enough to expand their empire
o Title given to the event by FDR (7 Dec, 1941)
o “Before we’re through with ‘em, the Japanese language will
only be spoken in Hell!”- US Vice Admiral after the attack
o US declared war against Japan, soon after Germany and Italy
declared war against US
“A DAY THAT SHALL LIVE IN INFAMY” - FDR
oLuckily, the US aircraft carriers were away from Pearl
Harbour and survived the attack
BUT ……
oUS strategy to attack weaker Japanese islands, avoiding heavily defended ones
oThis cut off supplies and left stronger islands to “whither on the vine”
ISLAND HOPPING
o Japanese strategy. ‘Suicide
missions’ where pilots would
fly their planes into targets
o Over 5,000 eager volunteers
died
o Demonstrates fanatical
devotion to the cause
KAMIKAZES (3.3.1)
USA stopped Japan from seeking to control the Coral Sea with an invasion of Port Moresby in southeast New Guinea
The first air-sea battle in history where participating warships never sighted or fired directly at each other
The lead role was played by aircraft launched from ships at sea
While vital aircraft carriers were lost by both countries, losses weakened Japanese strength for future battles
BATTLE CORAL SEA 1942
WHERE
WHEN?
WHO?
TECHNOLOGIES?
RESULT?
o Paci f ic Ocean, Nor th of Austra l ia
o May 1942
o Jpn. Navy vs . U.S.A . and AUSTR.
o Aircraf t carr iers (1 Jpn. and 1 Amer. sunk)
o Stalemate . Lessons learnt here would help USA at Midway. Japan abandoned thei r p lan to invade New Guinea.
BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA
BATTLE OF MIDWAY ISLAND JUNE 1942
o Turning point in Pacific Theatre
o Japanese invasion of Midway failed
o US aircraft carriers superior to Japanese
o US crippled Japanese carrier fleet
o Hoping to capture Midway Island in the central Pacific from
the USA, Japan attacked on June 4, 1942
o This battle was the turning point in the Pacific War as the
Americans sank four Japanese aircraft with over 300 aircraft
and over five thousand sailors
o The Americans gained the offensive here and began the long
fight to liberate the Pacific from Japanese control
BATTLE OF MIDWAY
WHERE?
WHEN?
WHO?
TECHNOLOGIES?
RESULT?
o Island of Midway (U.S.A.), Pacific
o June1942
o U.S.A. vs. JAPAN
o Aircraft carriers (4 Jpn. sunk and 1 Amer.
sunk). Devastating for the Japanese.
o There would be no more Jpn. victories in
the Pacific.
BATTLE OF MIDWAY
3.2.6 AMERICAN SUCCESS OVER JAPAN
o Size of the American fleet and the number of personnel helped
drive the Japanese from their holdings in the Pacific
o Land-based aircraft measured distance of each forward move;
important in providing support for ground operations (they also
found a way to decode Japanese intelligence
o Americans declared war on Japan 8 Dec, 1941. Allied numbers;
Axis powers (Germany, Italy) could not devote many troops to
the war in the Pacific and thus had limited effect
1. SIZE OF AMERICAN FLEET:
o Americans had the advantage with stronger industrial
materials, faster rate of production
o US Pacific Fleet = 9 battleships, 3 aircraft carriers, 12 heavy
cruisers, 8 light cruisers, 50 destroyers, 33 submarines and
100 patrol bombers
o Americans had resources to rebuild the Navy quickly
2. ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY/INDUSTRIAL STRENGTH
Japanese Navy
us pacific
fleet
US Navy Convoy
o The US won the war in the Pacific because:
1. Larger fleet, especially aircraft carriers
2. More advanced technology (atomic bomb)
3. Greater industrial strength to provide supplies
NOTE:
o Japan lost because they could not devote the means to fight a
total war against the combination of industrial, air, naval and
human resources that the Allies had.
o “...it is not enough that we should take Guam and the Philippines, nor even Hawaii and San Francisco. To make victory certain, we would have to march into Washington and dictate the terms of peace in the White House.”
ADMIRAL ISORUKU YAMAMOTO (COMMANDER OF THE IJN )
o Because they could not literally do this, they had to lose the war
o American entry in the war greatly increased Allied effort.
o Though the Pacific brought them into the war, they did not
concentrate their efforts solely on the Pacific.
o Their military industry was superior (by 1944 US military goods
output doubled that of the Axis).
3.2.7 AMERICAN INFLUENCE IN WWII OUTCOME
o Americans were fighting 2 wars, essentially: European +
Pacific.
o Vast industrial and human resources were vital to Allied
victory on both “Fronts.”
o Among American military inventions was the atomic bomb
o They added significant
numbers to the Allied
effort, vital to overall
success of Allies allowed
them to maintain and
overcome the Axis powers
in Europe and Japanese in
the Pacific
JUMPING FORWARD!!
“Little Boy” - “Fat Man”
Width: LB= 28 in FM= 60 .25 in
Length: LB= 1 2 0 i n FM = 1 2 8 i n
Weight: LB= 8 ’ 9 0 0 l b s FM = 1 0 ’ 3 0 0 l b s
BOMBS
3 . 2 . 8 J U D G E W H E T H E R O R N O T T H E AT O M I C B O M B I N G O F J A PA N WA S J U S T I F I E D
* * P RE - WARNING : U P C O M ING IM AGES M AY B E D IS TU RB ING* * 3 . 2 . 9
TRAGEDIES OF
WORLD WAR II3.2.9
3.2.9
Allied
Bombing of
Dresden
3.2.9 Japanese
Treatment of
Prisoners of War
3.2.9
The Holocaust
3.2.9
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1YpFs0cjQU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jN54KXEnxf4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ogmBWA9Y7Bk
Holocaust
Elimination of Jewish people from Europe
1942: Final Solution
Genocide; 65% European population of Jews
11 million people
Japanese POW Camps
Dispel the myth of white superiority
Enslaved, horrible conditions
Approx: 50,000 Allied POW deaths
Dresden
Approx. 100,000 civilian deaths
Firebombing tactic; 3 waves
RECAP
3.2.9 TRAGEDIES OF WORLD WAR II
3.2.9
Allied
Bombing of
Dresden
3.2.9 Japanese
Treatment of
Prisoners of War
3.2.9
The Holocaust
3.2.9
Holocaust
Elimination of Jewish people from Europe
1942: Final Solution
Genocide; 65% European population of Jews
11 million people
RECAP
Japanese POW Camps
Dispel the myth of white superiority
Enslaved, horrible conditions
Approx: 50,000 Allied POW deaths
Dresden
Approx. 100,000 civilian deaths
Firebombing tactic; 3 waves
Little strategic value to war
