Chapter 14 Section 2: WAGING TOTAL WAR in August 1914A New Type of War: Total War

Extremely violent and lengthy battles Incredible Military Technology outpaces Military Strategy

o World War I Technology Complete Mobilization and Devotion of Society to War Effort Loss of Civil Liberties and Freedoms Global War

o Included people and nations from Africa, N. America, Europe, Asia, Australia.

Western Front- Germany invades Belgium

o Belgians resisted, slowing German advanceo Great Britain Declares War on Germany

Possibly fearing German-Austro Alliance and Powero 20 Miles outside of Paris

British Mobilized Extremely Fast and helped Save France Counter Attack at Battle of the Marne saves Paris

o STALEMATE Both sides immediately dug in to hold position Trench Warfare ensued

https://mapshop.com/classroom/HISTORY/World-History/w77_WWI_WesternFront.gifTrench WarfareTrench Warfare: Over the Top Video Clip

- 400 unbroken miles on Western Front- 4 Year Defensive Struggle

o Barbed Wire, Mines, Machine Guns, Poison Gas, Tanks, Artillery, and Flame Throwerso Captain Manfred’s: Air Warfare Between Germans, British, and French

o Rats, Mud, Corpses, Water, Disease (Gangrene)

http://www.bbc.co.uk/staticarchive/f62d62e6498929279611e8e0b221a8c92a6eb7b8.gif

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/HODLbgrowQOGt866J827x1uHkjYPRWKVebP4xkkiCS1N5MYQmtO11ovGZufIDZtk2WDTLwwAajCfVN8JJuNum0kNerpxTWLOtryhNg7kgmg3WX46fW_RtQNRC2KgrbL5ig

The Story of the Western Front: Loss of Life Maximal, Territorial Gains Minimal o Ex: Battle of the Somme 1916

British Offensive Bombarded German Defense for 7 Days “Over the Top” race across no man’s land

German Defense

Hid in underground bunkers Result

20,000/40,000 Brits Died/Wounded in First Day 620,000 French and British Died 600,000 Germans Died British Victory: Gained 7 Miles

British Landscape Artist Paul Nash’s Depictions of World War I:

The Menin Road

We Are Making a New World

Wire

The War Widens Globally- Eastern Front

-More Mobile, still heavy losses-Germany Advanced 300 Miles into Russia-Germany exploited Slavic People and Land-Air Warfare on Eastern Front According to Baron Manfred Freiherr von Richthofen

http://image.slidesharecdn.com/worldwar1vocabulary-120107161642-phpapp01/95/world-war-1-vocabulary-3-728.jpg

War Globalizes Italy joins the Allied Powers (France, GB, and Russia) Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria join Central Powers (Germany and Austria)

-Central Powers control Balkans-Armenian Genocide

-Ethnic Group overlapping Russia and Ottoman Territories-Supported and Welcomed Russia-Ottomans ordered mass deportation/murder of one million Armenians

British Gallipoli Campaign -Offensive to defeat Ottomans and open up aid to Russia- Hundreds of Thousands died on Both Sides

-Especially From Australia and New Zealand-Mission Failed

British Support Arabic Rebellion -Supported Hussein Ibn-Ali-Vague Promises of an Arabic State-Influential to the Demise of the Ottomans

U.S. Involvement - Neutral: “Europe’s Problem”- Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

-British and Germany Blockade Each Other-German U-Boats damage Sussex (Carrying U.S. Passengers)-German U-Boats sunk British Ship Lusitania (carrying 139 Americans)-Americans Angered-Sussex Pledge: Germans halt submarine warfare

Zimmerman Telegram o Germans return to unrestricted submarine warfareo Starve British before Americans effectively entero Zimmerman Telegram: Germany asks Mexico to Fight against U.S.o U.S. enters and Declares War on German