World Exploration

GOLD, GLORY and GOD Demand for goods (spices) Muslims and Italians controlled trade

routes- wanted direct routes. Take out the middle man.

Mercantilism--belief that a nation’s real wealth was measured in its gold and silver treasure.

Why Explore?

Portugal

Prince Henry the Navigator School for exploration

Dias – Cape of Good Hope

Da Gama – Gets to India!!

Portugal

Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand Line of Demarcation--

Treaty of Tordesailles Magellan –

Circumnavigates (goes around the world) Balboa Ponce de Leon and Columbus

Spain

Portugal influences Brazil

Spain—rest of Central and South America

England: John Cabot and Henry Hudson

France: Jacque Cartier and Verranzzano

Northwest Passage

Geography—mainland and many small islands

Monsoons shaped trading patterns Women were successful merchants and rulers

in some ports Vietnam

Ruled by China for 1000 years

Southeast Asia

Portugal

In Southeast Asia Indian Ocean--Portuguese Lake Gained control by military force

Burned towns, destroyed Asian fleets Muslims resented Portuguese because of

religious intolerance Missionaries caused resentment

Portuguese remain on the fringe of Asian trade (strong at sea not on land)

By 1500's Dutch were the front runners of

European commerce Formed Dutch East Indies Company Captured many Portuguese ports,

Used the military to expand trade, but forged ties to local authorities

Spain conquers the Philippines easily because Filipinos were not united

Dutch and SpanishIn Southeast Asia

India’s ruling dynasty--Mughals were very civilized--larger

and more powerful than Europe Portuguese, English, French and Dutch allowed to build forts When Mughals lost power, French and English fought over

control of India England gains control of India because of military strength and

clever diplomacy The decline of the Mughal empire was

because of religious intolerance British East India Company drove the

French out and forced the Mughals to recognize its power in Bengal

Europe and India

Robert Clive

Ming dynasty had ended sea explorations in

1400's Didn’t like the foreigners--thought they had

little to trade/inferior products--gold/silver only

Macao--Canton only places that they could trade during the trading season.

Early China

Korea, like China limited trading with outsiders

Had wars with Japan and the Manchus—became isolated

Came to be known as Hermit Kingdom Japan at first welcomed traders

Adopted firearms and built castles Adopted Christianity Tokugawa shoguns grew increasingly hostile

and barred Western traders—became isolated

Korea and Japan

Conquistadors wanted riches and to convert Native

Americans Cortes used help from the conquered peoples to fight

the Aztecs Montezuma sent gifts in hopes that the

Spanish (Quetzalcoatl?) would not continue to Tenochtitlan

The Spanish destroy the city and later build Mexico City

Pizzaro killed thousands of Peruvians and demanded ransom for their ruler and then killed him anyway.

The Americas

Superior Military Technology Horses, muskets, cannons, metal helmets and

armor Division and Discontent among the Indians Disease brought by the Europeans

Thought that gods had deserted them because the Spanish seemed immune to the diseases that devastated the Indians

Indians believed that the disasters marked the world’s end.

Reasons for Victory

Spain determined to have strict control over

empire both politically and economically Catholic Church baptized and forced Indians

into European customs Forbade the use of Indian slaves after abuses in

the system--encomiendas Brought slaves from Africa instead

Portugal did not bring back instant wealth Forced Indians to clear land Cattle ranching

Spanish and Portuguese Colonies in the Americas

British and French compete over lands

British settle along the coast and around Hudson Bay

French settle along Mississippi River and around the Great Lakes

Jamestown nearly failed—tobacco French find fur

Seven Years War--In N. America and Europe France had to give up its claims

in N. America Native Americans are killed by

settlers and disease

North America

Outposts set on the coasts of Africa by European nations

Portugal is first Many of the new kingdoms that developed in West Africa

in the early modern age were influenced by Islam Most important part of African trade--slaves Triangular Trade Middle Passage--

Floating coffins About 11 million slaves

went to America Columbian Exchange—plants,

technology and cultures

Africa