Chapter 2Chapter 2

AGE OF AGE OF EXPLORATIONEXPLORATION

VikingsVikings

First old world people to find N/A’s in First old world people to find N/A’s in New WorldNew World

Lived in modern day northern Europe Lived in modern day northern Europe (Vinland in Scandinavia)(Vinland in Scandinavia)

In 900 -1000 A.D. they visited In 900 -1000 A.D. they visited Greenland and IcelandGreenland and Iceland

They were not literate so other They were not literate so other Europeans did not know about itEuropeans did not know about it

The Crusades (beginning 1090)The Crusades (beginning 1090)

Inspirations for European Inspirations for European ExplorationExploration

The CrusadesThe Crusades –(beginning in 1090) –(beginning in 1090) time period that put the Europeans time period that put the Europeans

in contact with the middle eastin contact with the middle east

Europeans wanted Asian goods that Europeans wanted Asian goods that the Arabs were selling (spices, the Arabs were selling (spices,

peppers, cloves, cinnamon, peppers, cloves, cinnamon, perfumes, silks, sugar etc)perfumes, silks, sugar etc)

Expanding HorizonsExpanding Horizons

Invention of the printing press lInvention of the printing press l 1271: Mar1271: Marco Polo’s book “Travelsco Polo’s book “Travels” ”

inspired Columbus and other inspired Columbus and other explorers to explore. explorers to explore.

Renaissance in the 1300’s brings a Renaissance in the 1300’s brings a new desire for exploration.new desire for exploration.

Marco Polo’s travelsMarco Polo’s travels

Technology’s ImpactTechnology’s Impact Because ofBecause of better maps,, better maps,,

astrolabe (stars) and astrolabe (stars) and compass (north), compass (north), explorers could now explorers could now navigate with more navigate with more accuracy.accuracy.

The carrack and The carrack and caravelcaravel a allowed llowed sailors to travel sailors to travel faster.faster.

..

Picture of santa mariaPicture of santa maria

What were the Silk Roads?What were the Silk Roads?The routes that European traders The routes that European traders took through the middle east to took through the middle east to

trade with Asiatrade with Asia

Due to internal conflicts in the middle Due to internal conflicts in the middle east, many silk roads were shut east, many silk roads were shut down- traders began to charge too down- traders began to charge too much too pass by so European much too pass by so European countries began searching for new countries began searching for new routes to Asia and traveled south routes to Asia and traveled south down the West Coast of Africa to get down the West Coast of Africa to get therethere

Using the silk roads became very dangerous and costly so Europeans began seeking ways to sail around Africa to get to Asia

Early ExplorersEarly Explorers

Portugal took the lead in explorationPortugal took the lead in exploration ..Henry the NavigatorHenry the Navigator – set up a – set up a

center for explorationcenter for exploration Bartholomew DiasBartholomew Dias – explored the – explored the

southernmost part of Africa. 1488southernmost part of Africa. 1488 Vasco de Gama-Vasco de Gama- first to sail all the first to sail all the

way around Africa to India- 1498way around Africa to India- 1498

Columbus crosses the AtlanticColumbus crosses the Atlantic

After studying Ptolemy (Greek After studying Ptolemy (Greek astronomer), Columbus believes the astronomer), Columbus believes the distance to Asia going west would be distance to Asia going west would be short.short.

Queen Isabella of Spain sponsored Queen Isabella of Spain sponsored Columbus’s first voyage in October of Columbus’s first voyage in October of 1492.1492.

He took 90 men and3 ships: The He took 90 men and3 ships: The Nina, the Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Maria.Pinta and the Santa Maria.

When he reached the Caribean When he reached the Caribean Islands (San Salvador – meaning Islands (San Salvador – meaning salvation) he thought he was near salvation) he thought he was near India. Called the people “Indians” India. Called the people “Indians” Claimed this territory for Spain.Claimed this territory for Spain.

Made 3 more voyagesMade 3 more voyages

Other explorersOther explorers

1502 - Amerigo Vespucci mapped out 1502 - Amerigo Vespucci mapped out the new World The continent was the new World The continent was named after himnamed after him

1513 - Vasco de Balboa- 1513 - Vasco de Balboa- First to cross through central First to cross through central

America and find the Pacific OceanAmerica and find the Pacific Ocean

Other explorers cont.Other explorers cont.

1520- Ferdinand Megellan – His crew 1520- Ferdinand Megellan – His crew was first to circumnavigate the worldwas first to circumnavigate the world

ConquistadorsConquistadors Spanish explorers - Spanish explorers - given land grants in exchange for given land grants in exchange for gold and treasure taken from the gold and treasure taken from the AmericasAmericas

Spain in The AmericasSpain in The AmericasGold,God,GloryGold,God,Glory

Hernan CortezHernan Cortez – Mexico 1519. Took – Mexico 1519. Took over Aztec empire and established over Aztec empire and established Mexico as Spanish land. Got lots of Mexico as Spanish land. Got lots of land and goldland and gold

Francisco Pizarro – Conquered the Francisco Pizarro – Conquered the Incas in Peru.Incas in Peru.

Juan Ponce de Leon – Juan Ponce de Leon – 1513 landed in 1513 landed in Fla. Hoping to find gold and the Fla. Hoping to find gold and the fountain of youth. Called it La Floridafountain of youth. Called it La Florida

Continues to sail south to the Florida Continues to sail south to the Florida Keys, then lands in Charlotte Harbor.Keys, then lands in Charlotte Harbor.

– – attacked by Calusa (MATANZAS- attacked by Calusa (MATANZAS- bloody massacre) and retreatsbloody massacre) and retreats

1521- Returns and is hit by Calusa 1521- Returns and is hit by Calusa arrow and dies of infectionarrow and dies of infection

Route of Ponce de LeonRoute of Ponce de Leon

Panfilo de Narvaez – 1528 lands in Panfilo de Narvaez – 1528 lands in Tampa and goes north looking for Tampa and goes north looking for gold. Very harsh to the Timucuas. gold. Very harsh to the Timucuas. After 56 days is attacked by the After 56 days is attacked by the Apalachees and tries to escape on Apalachees and tries to escape on makeshift rafts.makeshift rafts.

Cabeza de Vaca and slave Cabeza de Vaca and slave Estevanico survives and wonders for Estevanico survives and wonders for 7 years around Mexico. 7 years around Mexico.

Route of Narvaez through FloridaRoute of Narvaez through Florida

La Florida- Festival of FlowersLa Florida- Festival of Flowers

Ponce de Leon arrives in La FloridaPonce de Leon arrives in La Florida

Hernando de Soto – 1541 explored Hernando de Soto – 1541 explored Fla, stayed in TallahasseeFla, stayed in Tallahassee and holds and holds the first Christmas here, then went the first Christmas here, then went west. Spend 3 years wandering west. Spend 3 years wandering around the SE area of US. Died and around the SE area of US. Died and was buried in the Miss riverwas buried in the Miss river

Route of Hernando de SotoRoute of Hernando de Soto

Spain in the SouthwestSpain in the Southwest 1540 Francisco de Coronado – tried 1540 Francisco de Coronado – tried

to find the seven cities of gold. to find the seven cities of gold. Traveled throughout the southwest Traveled throughout the southwest claiming all land for Spain.claiming all land for Spain.

Spain vs France in FloridaSpain vs France in Florida

In 1562 France (Jean Ribault) built a In 1562 France (Jean Ribault) built a French colony near Jacksonville - Fort French colony near Jacksonville - Fort Caroline.Caroline.

Spain (Menendez) built St Augustine Spain (Menendez) built St Augustine in order to drive the French out. in order to drive the French out. Menendez then attacked Ft Caroline Menendez then attacked Ft Caroline and drove the French out of Floridaand drove the French out of Florida

Spanish RuleSpanish Rule

4 class systems4 class systems Pueblos – towns used for tradePueblos – towns used for trade Missions – religious communitiesMissions – religious communities Presidio – a fort built near a missionPresidio – a fort built near a mission

Exploring North AmericaExploring North America

In the 1500’s Martin Luther began In the 1500’s Martin Luther began the Protestant Reformation. the Protestant Reformation.

In the New World the Catholic In the New World the Catholic nations of Spain and France brought nations of Spain and France brought over religious differences and over religious differences and competed with the Protestant nations competed with the Protestant nations of England and the Netherlands.of England and the Netherlands.

Other European explorationOther European exploration

England, France and the Netherlands England, France and the Netherlands wanted find a wanted find a Northwest passage (water Northwest passage (water passageway)passageway) through . through .

The The Columbian Exchange- Columbian Exchange- Exploration Exploration brought two parts of the globe together by brought two parts of the globe together by exchange of plants, animals, and diseasesexchange of plants, animals, and diseases

European ExplorersEuropean Explorers

England – John CabotEngland – John Cabot France –France – Cartier (Montreal), Champlain Cartier (Montreal), Champlain La Salle – followed the Mississippi river La Salle – followed the Mississippi river

down to Gulf of Mexico and claimed it down to Gulf of Mexico and claimed it all for France. Louisiana (King Louis all for France. Louisiana (King Louis XIV) XIV)

French were fur trappers and fishers – French were fur trappers and fishers – got along great with Natives.got along great with Natives.

NetherlandNetherlands-Henry Hudson explored s-Henry Hudson explored the New York area and claimed it for the New York area and claimed it for the Netherlands – Named it New the Netherlands – Named it New Netherlands and the main city New Netherlands and the main city New Amsterdam. Amsterdam.