WORKSHOP FOR PARENTS

ON

“DRUG ABUSE”

I- DECIDE CLUB OF D.A.V PUSHPANJALI

PRESENTS

• To prevent onset of drug use among young people.

• To involve stakeholders & influencers (Schools, NGOs, like minded individuals) to be part of the program.

• To provide young people with authentic information and knowledge that would clarify their doubts and address their problems.

• To bring about changes in attitudes and values of young people to enable them to make positive life choices.

• To equip the young people with the skills needed to deal effectively with addictions.

Objective of The Program

2004 NATIONAL DRUG SURVEY REPORT ON “Extent, Pattern and Trends of Drug Abuse in India”

Prevalence Dependency ‘Vol. of Work’ Under 18*

ALCOHOL 62.5 m 16.8% 10.5 m 21%CANNABIS 8.7 m 25.7% 2.3 m 3%OPIATES 2.0 m 22.3% 0.5 m 0.1%

* MSJE/UNODC National Household Survey

Alcohol, cannabis and opiates are the major substances of abuse in India.

Prevalence of drug abuse among males is significant but drug abuse among women exists.

Hazards and burden on women due to drug abuse is significant.

Pockets of high use exist. Drug abuse no longer an urban phenomenon – even IDU seen

both in rural and urban areas. Number of dependent users ‘not in treatment’ is significant. Significant gap in service delivery.

Survey findings

An important finding from the prevention perspective

From those who have “ever” used substances, one finds that the following percentage continue to use the following drugs. – 80% for alcohol– 70% for cannabis– 65% for opiates

Hence, experimenting is dangerous and the drugs habit, once initiated, stays.

• While some do drugs, there are many who don’t. The majority must stay that way.

• Prevention allows people to understand repercussions - helps make informed and healthy choices

• Experimenting can be dangerous – drug use habits stay

• No one can predict addiction • Can take place in the community• An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure• Success rate of treatment is low• There are not enough beds

Why is prevention important

• Primary prevention programs refer to the very broad range of activities aimed at reducing the risk of drug use among non-users and assuring continued nonuse.

• Secondary prevention targets at-risk groups, early experimenters and abuse populations in order to stop the progression to drugs of abuse

• Tertiary prevention is intervention at an advanced state of drug use/abuse. Very similar to drug abuse treatment.

Levels of prevention

• Target young people before they start using substances

• Discourage or stop use in those young people who are already experimenting or using

The main goals of prevention

NON-USE

INITIAL DRUG EXPERIENCE

EXPERIMENTAL

OCCASIONALLY FREQUENT USE

INTEGRAL PART OF LIFESTYLE

DRUG ABUSE

RECOVERY

MAINTENANCE OF DRUG FREE

LIFESTYLE

REHABILITATION\ RELAPSE

PREVENTION TREATMENT ALTERNATIVES INTERVENTION E D U C A T I O NINFORMATION

TREATMENT

PREVENTION

• Research has shown that those who use drugs, start doing so during adolescence

• Drug use starts with ‘softer drugs’, progressing gradually to ‘harder drugs’

• Not all who start ‘softer drugs’ go on to use ‘harder drugs’

When do people start using drugs?

The term adolescence comes from the Latin word adolescere, which means "to grow up" or

"to grow to maturity."

What is Adolescence

adolescent: 10 - 19 years youth : 15 - 24 years

Effects of Physical Changes

Psychological (and emotional) growth

Social Maturation

EducationalDevelopment

EVERYTHING HAPPENING ALL AT ONCE

As an Initiative to Prevent students from drug abuse, We have initiated a club called “I DECIDE”

The students from class 6th to 12th will participate in the same.

Slogan – “I decide”

Factors Contributing to the Vulnerability of Adolescents

.

PEER PRESSURE  Continuous goading and pestering for something by friends is called peer pressure.

Peer pressure is difficult to resist for (i)  Fear of isolation or rejection(ii) Fear of being made fun of by friends and others(iii) Fear of being blackmailed or termed as weak personality.

“IT WASN’T MY FAULT, MY

FRIENDS MADE ME DO IT”

It is natural for young people to experiment out of curiosity. ‘Just try once’ is a characteristic statement of adolescence when among friends and can lead to addiction.

CURIOSITY AND EXPERIMENTATION

Young people may go for drugs due to false beliefs such as - Taking drugs indicates high social and economic status.- Taking drugs makes one superior to others- Taking drugs makes one feel confidante and independent

MYTHS ABOUT SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE

• Elders taking drugs in front of children or selling drugs- Easy availability of drugs at home.- Elders offering alcohol or drugs to young people for fun.- Lack of communication and education about hazards of drugs.- Family dysfunction

DivorceSeparationInadequate parenting skills (inconsistent)

- Parents try to cover up their child’s bad habits.

FAMILY FACTORS

ESCAPISM - People take drugs when they can not cope with

everyday life situations- To get rid of depression- To escape boredom- To forget family problem- Because of emotional insecurity.- To get relief from long illness, aches and pains

BOREDOM OR DEPRESSION People take drugs because of- Absence of social and recreational activities.- Emotional, social or financial insecurity- No one to share problems with- Lack of discipline and self control

• Risk factors: characteristics of an individual, or the community one comes from, that encourage or are linked to substance abuse

• Protective factor: characteristics that discourage or are NOT linked to substance abuse

Risk & protective factors in the drug use scenario

Medicinal: Improper use of prescribed or over the counter medicine (cough & cold remedies) can lead to serious health complications.

Non- Medicinal: They are solely used because of their ability to alter the person’s mental and physical state (Alcohol, Cigarettes, Pan Masala etc.). Non availability of these drugs make person feel bad and have an intense craving for the drug.

Effect on the central nervous system (depressants, stimulants & hallucinogens)

Classification of Drugs

Medicines are also drugs as they alter the physical or mental functioning of an individual. – ‘prescription drugs’ require a

doctor’s prescription for them to be bought.

– ‘over the counter drugs’ do not require a prescription.

Medicinal drugs

• Drugs that lead to use of other more powerful mind-altering drugs such as hallucinogens and cocaine-type drugs.– Alcohol– Tobacco

Gateway Drugs

Common drugs of abuse in IndiaAlcohol Cannabis Opium

HeroinSedatives

Pharmaceuticals

Soft drugs

Tobacco, Alcohol

Soft drugs

Hard drug Cannabis (Ganja, Charas); Cough

Syrups; Inhalants

Soft drugs

Hard drug

Harder drug Heroin, Injections etc.

Other Substances of Abuse• Inhalants

Volatile hydrocarbons, ether, amyl nitrate (poppers), nitrous oxide, glue, correction fluid, butane, carburetor cleaner, Freon, Gasoline.

• PCP (Angel dust)

• StimulantsAmphetamines, Methamphetamine, Date rape drugs (MDMA {Ecstasy}, Speed, crank, ice)

• HallucinationsLSD (acid), psilocybin

• Anabolic steroids Oral: Methandrostenolone (Dianabol), stanozolol

(Winstrol)Intramuscular: Nandrolone decanoate (Deca-Durabolin)

• Sedative hypnoticsBenzodiazepines, barbiturates

• OpiatesHeroine, codeine

• Minor tranquilizersLibrium, valium

• It is important to know what constitutes Substance Abuse.

• It is important to have factual information regarding substances that can be abused.

• Substances such as depressants, stimulants and hallucinogens are harmful, and have serious consequences for one’s health and well-being.

Key Messages

SUBSTANCE ABUSE – AN UPDATE

Alcohol: - Removes inhibitions. - Talkativeness - Slurred speech - Disturbed sleep - Aggression including domestic violence and child abuse. - Impairs the judgment and coordination - Hangovers

Short-term Effects of Depressants

Long-Term Effects of Depressants

Alcohol:• Alcoholism: causes physical, psychological,

and social harm. • Sudden stoppage can produce withdrawal

symptoms, including anxiety, tremors, hallucinations and fits

• Alcohol-related liver disease• Heart disease• Cancer• Pancreatitis

NICOTIANA TABACUM

• The effects of nicotine last from five minutes to two hours.

• Most people who use nicotine do so several times a day in an effort to keep the pleasant effects of nicotine throughout the day and to avoid withdrawal.

• Most cigarettes contain 0.1 to 2.8 milligrams of nicotine.

Nicotine

• Effects occurs rapidly & last from 30 mins (e.g. DMT) to several days (e.g. PCP).

• Acute effect includes alteration of body perception, impaired attention & short term memory, disturbed sense of time, depersonalization, euphoria, mystical or religious experiences, grandiosity, anxiety, panic, visual distortion, hallucinations (primary visual), incoordination, muscle weakness, numbness.

Hallucinogens

A Dried Flower Bud of Cannabis Sativa (Slang: weed, reefer, grass, pot, joint)

Cannabis Sativa plant

Cannabis Flowers / Buds

Various Cannabis smoking machines

Hasish (Hash)The trichomes of Cannabis Plant

Golden Cannabis Oil

Cannabis Oil

Kief on the Parchment Paper

Also called Cannabis, ganja, grass, bhang, charas, hashish

• Distorted perception (sights, sounds, time, touch)• Problems with memory/ learning• Trouble with thinking and problem solving• Loss of motor coordination• Increased heart rate

Marijuana – Short Term Effects

• Cancer of the respiratory tract and lungs

• Effects the lungs and airways: coughing and wheezing.

• Immune system: damages the cells and tissues in the body that help protect against disease, so that one is more likely to get sick.

Marijuana- Long Term Effects

Perforated blotter paper soaked inLysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) solution and dried.Slang: Acid, Cubes, sunshine, peace pills, Big D, blotters, Semi synthetic drug derived from ergot (fungus)Inhaled, injected, snorted, smoked.

Phencyclidine

Slang: Angel Dust, PCP, CJ, Crystal, Rocket FuelPowder, chunks, crystals used as tablets, capsules, liquid, inhaled, snorted, injected

Psychedelic MushroomsSlang: Magic Mushrooms, Sacred mushroomsUsed as dried mushrooms, white crystals, powder, capsule, injection, eaten raw, cooked Amanita Muscaria

Psilocybe CyanescensPsilocybe Semilanceata

LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)

• Dilated pupils, higher body temperature, increased heart rate and blood pressure, sweating, loss of appetite, sleeplessness, dry mouth, and tremors.

• Mood Swings

• Delusions and visual hallucinations. • The user's sense of time and self-changes.

• Some LSD users experience severe, terrifying thoughts and feelings, fear of losing control, fear of insanity and death, and despair.

Short-term Effects of Hallucinogens

a) LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)

• Tolerance (users who take the drug repeatedly must take progressively higher doses to achieve the state of intoxication that they had previously achieved).

• Psychological Dependence develops.

Long-term Effects of Hallucinogens

Leaves & Berry

Coca Plant Various Parts

Cocaine HydrochlorideExtract from the leaves of coca plantTaken orally, snorted, smoked, injectedSlang: coke, snow, flake, lady, big C, crack, candy, noseCocaine bugs

Crack CocaineFree base cocaine, more potent

Amphetamines• Increases breathing and heart rate • Raises blood pressure and dilate pupils.

Cocaine• Acute cardiovascular or cerebro-vascular emergencies, such as a

heart attack or stroke, leading to sudden death.

• Heart beats faster and blood pressure and metabolism increase.• • Become more talkative, energetic, and anxious.

• Single high doses can produce dangerously high body temperatures and an irregular heartbeat.

Short-term effects of Stimulants

Long-Term Effects of Stimulants

Amphetamines• Needle use carries the risk of HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis

B and C infection.• Psychological dependence

Opium Crops

Papaverum Somniferus

Preparing of InjectionEffects almost immediately after IV injection & last for several hours

Heroin (brown sugar)Chasing, Injecting (mainlining & Skin popping)Slang: “H”, Horse, Junk, snow, Stuff)

Black Tar HeroinMexico & south east asia

CheeseIt is made from mixing heroin & certain over the counter cold medicines containing acetaminophen & Diphenhydramine

Codeine Cough SyrupSlang: schoolboyUsed orally

Diamorphine Ampoules

Regions involved in peddling of heroin

Methylenedioxymethamphitamine(MDMA)Slang: ecstasy, Adam, XTC, X, love drugOnset of effect 30-60 minsCommon effects include euphoria,Impaired attention & memory, Excitement, grandiosity, visual distortions, salivation, bruxismAfter effect includes drowsiness, muscle aches, generalized fatigue, flash backs.

DRUGS and the LAW

• Cultivation of opium, cannabis or coca (except with a licence)

• Producing drugs• Manufacturing drugs• Possessing drugs• Selling drugs

Offences under NDPS Act

• Purchasing drugs• Transporting drugs• Warehousing drugs• Using drugs• Consuming drugs

Offences under NDPS Act

• Importing drugs into India• Exporting drugs from India• Transhipping drugs

(Except for medical and scientific purposes and as per the Act and Rules.)

• Contraventions of regulations on ‘Controlled Substances’ (Precursors)

• Embezzlement of opium by licensed cultivator

Offences under NDPS Act

• For most offences, the punishment depends on the quantity of drug involved:

• Small quantity- up to six months R.I. or fine up to Rs. 10,000 or both

• More than small but less than commercial quantities- up to 10 yrs and fine up to Rs. 1 lakh

Penalties for drug offences

• Commercial quantities- 10 to 20 years R.I. and fine of Rs. 1 to 2 lakhs

• Embezzlement of opium by cultivator- 10 to 20 years R.I. and fine of Rs. 1 to 2 lakhs regardless of quantity

• Cultivation of ganja/opium - up to 10 years R.I. and fine of up to Rs. 1 lakh

Penalties for drug offences

Quantities

• All kinds of substance abuse, is harmful for the body and mind.

• Substances that are abused can be Depressants, Stimulants and Hallucinogens.

• Use of substances has its immediate, short-term and long-term consequences.

• One should not only focus on the immediate or short term consequences, but also be aware of the long-term consequences.

• One should stay away from the harmful effects of substances, and the surest way to do that is to stay away from all the substances of abuse.

KEY MESSAGES

STRESS MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES

• Exercise regularly and eat healthy food.

• Avoid excess caffeine intake

• Don't use illegal drugs, alcohol and tobacco.

• Learn relaxation exercises (abdominal breathing and muscle relaxation techniques).

• Develop assertiveness training skills.

• Rehearse and practice situations, which cause stress.

• Learn practical coping skills. For example, break a large task into smaller, more attainable tasks.

• Decrease negative self-talk. Challenge negative thoughts about yourself with alternative neutral or positive thoughts.

• Entertainment: Go out for recreational activities (such as watching movies, plays, concerts etc.) so that mind is relaxed.

STRESS MANAGEMENT

• Team games/sport: Playing some games keeps the mind fresh, healthy and full of positive thoughts.

• Time Management: Paucity of time is the major source of stress, managing time effectively reduces a lot of stress.

• Learn to feel good about doing a competent job rather than demanding perfection from yourself and others.

• Take a break from stressful situations. Activities like listening to music, talking to a friend, drawing, writing, or spending time with a pet can reduce stress.

• Build a network of friends who help you cope in a positive manner.

STRESS MANAGEMENT

• Stress is our body’s response to any physical, mental or emotional demand placed on it by oneself or others.

• Stress is caused by many things.

• Stress is inevitable in our lives.

• We must learn ways to deal and cope with it

KEY MESSAGES

Drugs is NEVER

the answer to deal with stress – it will never help you solve the problem, only compound them.

I Decide - I won’t take drugs