Work Zone Safety - IN.govin.gov/indot/files/WZSFinal_5COMPLETE.pdf · Partial Ramp Closure 35...

INDOT

Indiana Department of TransportationDriving Indiana's Economic Growth

Work Zone SafetyGuidelines for Construction, TrafficMaintenance, and Utility Operations

November 2006

Table of Contents

Introduction 1TrafficControlDevices 1

Signs 1ChannelizingDevices 5WarningLights 7ArrowDisplays 8PavementMarkings 9

FundamentalPrinciples 9PartsofaTrafficControlZone 10TaperLengthCriteriaforWorkZones 11BufferLengths 12Supervisor’sChecklist 12PlanningtheLayout 13

DurationofWork 13LocationofWork 13WhatTrafficControlSetupShouldIUse? 14CurvyandHillyLocations 14

NightTimeTrafficControl 15TypicalApplicationDiagrams 17DefinitionsofTerms 18

ShortTermStationary(1to12hours)WorkofftheTraveledLanes 19WorkonPavedShouldersorParkingLanes 20PavedShoulderClosedonDividedRoadway 21LaneClosureonaTwo-LaneRoad 22CenterTurnLaneClosed 23LaneShiftona3-Lane,2-WayRoad 24LaneClosureona4-LaneUndividedRoad 25LaneClosureonDividedRoadwayor1-WayStreet 26DoubleLaneClosureonDividedRoadway 27HalfRoadClosureonMultilaneRoadway 28-29MainlineRightLaneClosed,EntranceRampOpen 30MainlineLeftLaneClosed,EntranceRampOpen 31MainlineRightLaneClosed,ExitRampOpen 32WorkinVicinityofExitRamp 33-34PartialRampClosure 35PartialRampClosureWorkinGoreArea 36LaneClosureinAdvanceofanIntersectionWork Area on the Through Road 37Work Area on the Side Road 38LaneClosureBeyondanIntersectionWork Area on the Through Road 39Work Area on the Side Road 40-41LaneClosureataMultilaneIntersection 42

TurnLaneClosureatanIntersection 43LaneClosureonFarSideofIntersection 44ClosureinCenterofIntersection 45

ShortDuration(upto1hour)WorkofftheTraveledLanes 46WorkonPavedShouldersorParkingLane 47WorkonPavedShoulderClosedonDividedRoadway 48LaneClosureonDividedRoadwayorOneWayStreet 49LaneClosureonaTwo-LaneRoad 50TemporaryRoadClosure 51LaneClosureinAdvanceofanIntersectionWork Area on the Through Road 52Work Area on the Side Road 53LaneClosureBeyondanIntersectionWork Area on the Through Road 54Work Area on the Side Road 55LaneClosureatSideofIntersection 56ClosureinCenterofIntersection 57LaneClosureataMultilaneIntersection 58TurnLaneClosureatanIntersection 59PartialRampClosure 60PartialRampClosureWorkinGoreArea 61

MobileOperations(15minutesorless)MobileOperations 62

OnPavedShoulderforallRoads 63-64OnaTwo-LaneRoad 65-66OnaTwo-LaneRoadUsingFlaggers 67OnaTwo-LaneDividedRoad 68OnaMulti-LaneDividedRoad 69-70

PedestrianandWorkerSafety 71SidewalkClosure—PedestrianDetour 72SidewalkClosure—PedestrianWalkwayProvided 73

FlaggingProcedures 74Acknowledgments 75QuickReferenceGuide 76

1

IntroductionThepurposeofthishandbookistopresentguidelinesforworkzonetrafficcontrolandtosupplementbasicworkzonesafetytraining.ThishandbookcoversthebasicrequirementsofPartVIoftheManualonUniformTrafficControlDevices(MUTCD)withparticularemphasisonshorttermworksites.Theserequirementsapplytoconstruction,maintenance,traf-fic,andutilityworkzones.

Thishandbookpresentsinformationandgivesexamplesoftypicaltrafficcontrolapplicationsfortwo-laneandmulti-laneworkzones.Thisinformationisintendedtoillustratetheprinciplesofproperworkzonetrafficcontrol,butisnotastandard.PartVIoftheMUTCDandtheIndianaMUTCDSupplementcontainthestandardsforworkzonetrafficcontrol.

Worksitetrafficcontroldiagramsprovideminimumrequire-ments,additionaltrafficcontrolorprotectioncanbeadded.ThismanualcoversworksetupsaspresentedintheINDOTmaintenence/trafficmanagementsystem.

Incident Management SituationsTheimmediateresponsetoanemergencysituationmustbynecessitymakeuseofavailabledevicesandequipment.Giventheopportunity,however,longertermemergenciesshouldbetreatedinamannersimilartoothertemporarytrafficcontrolworksites.

Traffic Control DevicesThefollowingtypesoftrafficcontroldevicesareusedinworkzonetrafficcontrol:

Signs ChannelizingDevices WarningLights ArrowDisplays PavementMarkings

SignsSignsusedinworkzonetrafficcontrolareclassifiedasregulatory,guide,orwarning.Regulatorysignsimposelegalrestrictionsandmaynotbeusedwithoutpermissionfromtheauthoritywithjurisdictionovertheroadway.Guidesignscommonlyshowdestinations,directions,anddistances.Warningsignsgivenoticeofconditionsalongtheroadway.

2

WarningSigns–Construction,maintenance,trafficandutil-itywarningsignsareusedextensivelyinstreetandhighwayworkzones.Thesesignsarenormallydiamondshaped,havingablacksymbolormessageonanorangebackground.Asageneralrule,thesesignsarelocatedontheright-handsideofthestreetorhighway.Normally,thefirstadvancewarningsignusedistheroad work aheadsign.Theutil-ity work aheadorworkers signmaybesubstitutedwhereappropriate.Wheresignsareusedtoindicatetheendoftheworkzone,theend road workorend utility worksignmaybeusedasappropriate.

Size–Thestandardsizeforadvancewarningsignsinworkzonesisgenerally48inchesby48inches.Wherespeedsandvolumesaremoderatelylow,aminimumsizeof36inchesby36inchesmaybeused(seePartVIoftheMUTCDforspecificsignsizes).SignsizesincontractplansorotheragencydocumentsmayexceedMUTCDminimumrequirementsandshallbefollowed.

Mounting–StandardsforheightandlateralclearanceofroadsidesignsareincludedinPartVIoftheMUTCD.Temporarypost-mountedsignsshouldbemountedataheightofatleast7feet,measuredfromthebottomofthesign.SignsmountedonTypeIIIbarricadeswhichcloseanypartofaroadorlaneshouldnotcovermorethan50percentofthetoptworailsor33percentofthetotalareaofthethreerails.Signsmountedonotherportablesupportsorbarricadesusedsolelyasasignsupportmaybeatlowerheights,butthebottomofthesignshallbenotlessthanonefootabovethetraveledway.

SignSpacing(feet) 25-30 35-40 45-55MultilaneDividedExpressway/ mph mph mph50mphorhigherFreeway

A 100 350 500 1,000 1,000

B 100 350 500 1,600 1,600

C 100 350 500 2,640 2,640

Distances shown are approximate. Sign spacing should be adjusted for curves, hills, intersections, driveways, etc., to improve sign visibility.

Spacing of Advance Warning Signs

2a

Notes:1. Signsshouldbecalledforwhentrafficwilltravelthrough

anactiveconstructionzonemarkedbyROADWORKAHEAD.

2. Signsarenotrequiredforthefollowingtypesofactivities:Wheretheactiveconstructionzoneiscompletelyiso-latedfromtraffic(i.e.afullroadclosurewithdetourorconstructionalonganewalignment.Shortdurationoperations(thoselastinglessthan1hr.)OperationsthatwillnotencroachuponthepavementEdgelineandcenterlinepaintingoperations.

3. AsinglesignshouldbecalledforinadvanceofthefirstROADWORKAHEADsignforeachdirectionoftravelonthemainline(s)oftheproject.

4. Onesignshouldbeplacedapproximately500feetinadvanceofthefirstROADWORKAHEADsigninruralareas.

5. Onesignshouldbeplacedapproximately100feetinadvanceofthefirstROADWORKAHEADsigninurbanareas.

6. Signsarenotrequiredtobeplacedonsideroadsorrampsleadingintoaconstructionzone.

7. ForMobileOperation-therectangularsignmaybetruckmountedonrearmostprotectionvehicle.

•

•••

Worksite Added Penalty Signs

SpeedingMax $1000

Reckless DrivingMax 8 Yrs

XG20-7Worksite Added Penalty Sign

2b

Notes:1. Signsshouldbecalledforwhentrafficwilltravelthrough

anactiveconstructionzonemarkedbyROADWORKAHEAD.

2. Signsarenotrequiredforthefollowingtypesofactivities:Wheretheactiveconstructionzoneiscompletelyiso-latedfromtraffic(i.e.afullroadclosurewithdetourorconstructionalonganewalignment.Shortdurationoperations(thoselastinglessthan1hr.)OperationsthatwillnotencroachuponthepavementEdgelineandcenterlinepaintingoperations.

3. AsinglesetofsignsshouldbecalledforinadvanceofthefirstROADWORKAHEADsignforeachdirectionoftravelonthemainline(s)oftheproject.

4. Forruralareas,signlshouldbepaced1000ft.inadvanceofthefirstROADWORKAHEADsignandsignIIshouldbe500ftinadvanceofthefirstROADWORKAHEADsign.

5. Forurbanareas,signIshouldbeplaced200ftinadvanceofthefirstROADWORKAHEADsignandsignIIshouldbe100ftinadvanceofthefirstROADWORKAHEADsign.

6. Signsarenotrequiredtobeplacedonsideroadsorrampsleadingintoaconstructionzone.

•

•••

SpeedingMax $1000

RecklessDriving

Max 8 Yrs

XG20-7bWorksite Added Penalty Sign I

XG20-7cWorksite Added Penalty Sign II

Worksite Added Penalty Signs

3

ROADWORKAHEAD

DETOUR500 FT

RIGHT LANECLOSED1000 FT

ROADCLOSED500 FT

7' M

IN

7' M

IN

6' M

IN

6' to 12'

2'

6' to 12'

6'

35MPH

RURAL DISTRICT RURAL DISTRICT WITHADVISORY SPEED PLATE

URBAN DISTRICT URBAN DISTRICT

Paved Shoulder

Walkway

7' M

IN

2'

Removal–Whenworkissuspendedforshortperiods,allsignsthatarenolongerappropriateshallberemoved,covered,turned,orlaidflatsotheyarenotvisibletodrivers.

IlluminationandRetroreflectorization–Allsignsusedduringthehoursofdarknessshallbemadeofret-roreflectivematerialorilluminated.(Streetorhighwaylightingisnotregardedasmeetingtherequirementsforsignillumination.)

4

PortableChangeableMessageSigns–PortableChange-ableMessageSignsmaybeusedtosupplementothersigns,butnottosubstituteforanyrequiredsigns.Theymaydisplayavarietyofmessagesanddisplays,butaretypicallyonlyusedtodisplay”real-time”orchangingconditioninformation.TheChangeableMessageSignsshallnotdisplaymorethantwomessagesordisplays,andtheentiremessageshouldbereadabletwiceattheusualroadwayspeedlimit.

1' MIN

Orange Flag �(optional)

Orange Flag �(optional)

� PORTABLE AND TEMPORARY MOUNTINGS

96" M

IN

� HIGH LEVEL WARNING DEVICE�(Flag Tree)

1' MIN

UTILITY�WORK�AHEAD

1' MIN

5

Channelizing Devices

Notes:

1. Stripesonbarricaderailsslopedownwardatanangleof45degreestowardthedirectiontrafficistopass.

2. Barricaderailstripewidthsshallbe6inchesexceptwhereraillengthsarelessthan36inches,then4inchwidestripesmaybeused.

3. Thesidesofbarricadesfacingtrafficshallhaveretroreflectiverailfaces.

4. AllchannelizingdevicesshouldmeetNationalCooperativeHighwayResearchProgram(NCHRP)Report350CrashTestRequirements.

3''-4''6'' COLLAR

4'' COLLAR

8'' to 12''

2'' MIN

28'' M

IN

2''3''

3'' 2'' to 6 "

28'' M

IN

8'' to 12''

8'' to 12''45

20''

20''

5' M

IN

8'' to 12"

�24

" MIN

VERTICAL PANEL36

" MIN

36"�

MIN

IMU

M

4' MINIMUM

TYPE III BARRICADE

CONES AND TUBULAR MARKERS

45

4"4"

4'' to 6''

18'' MINIMUM

DRUM

WARNING LIGHT�(Optional)

WARNING LIGHT�(Optional)

6

Channelizing DevicesChannelizingdevicesareusedtowarnandalertdriversofconditionsinworkzones,toprotectworkers,andtoguideanddirectdriversandpedestrianssafely.Channelizingdevicesincludecones,tubularmarkers,verticalpanels,drums,barricades,andbarriers.

Conesareusedmostcommonlyforshort-durationmainte-nanceandutilitywork.Conesusedatnightshallberetro-reflectorizedasshownonpage5.Drumsareusedmostcommonlywheretheywillremaininplaceforaprolongedperiod.Ballastshallnotbeplacedontopofchannelizingdevices.

Spacing

Coneorbarrelspacingforstraight-a-waysshouldbe:

•At55mph&below:1coneforevery80’(everyotherskip)

•At60mph&above:1coneforevery120’(every3skips)

7

Warning LightsWarninglightsmaysupplementretroreflectorizationonwarningandchannelizingdevices.Theyareespeciallyuse-fulinareaspronetofogorfrequentinclementweather.Warninglightsshallhaveaminimummountingheightof30inches.Theprincipaltypesandusesofwarninglightsare:

1. LowintensityFlashingLights(TypeA)Maybemountedonbarricadesordrumstowarnofanisolatedhazardatnight.Theymayalsobemountedonsigns.

2. HighintensityFlashingLights(TypeB)Maybemountedonadvancewarningsigns,oronindependentsupportstodrawattentiontoextremehazardsbothdayandnight.

3. LowintensitySteady-BurnLights(TypeC)Maybeusedinaseriestodelineatetheedgeofthetravelwayandchannelizetrafficatnight.

Vehiclehazardlights,fourwayflashers,shallnotbeusedasvehiclewarninglights,butmaybeusedtosupplementvehiclewarninglights.VehiclewarninglightsaredefinedintheINDOT

VehicleLightingPolicy.

CommonConversions:

1skip=10’Gapbetweenskips=30’

RPMspacing(NoPassingZone)=40’RPMspacing(PassingZone)=80’

0.1mile=528’ 0.6mile=3168’ 0.2mile=1056’ 0.7mile=3696’ 0.3mile=1584’ 0.8mile=4224’ 0.4mile=2112’ 0.9mile=4752’ 0.5mile=2640’ 1.0mile=5280’

8

Arrow DisplaysAnarrowdisplayinthearroworchevronmodemaybeusedtosupplementsignsandotherdevicesforlaneclosuresonmultilaneroadways.Anarrowdisplayinthecautionmodeshallbeusedonlyforshoulderwork,blockingtheshoulder,orroadsideworkneartheshoulder.

Panel Roadway Min. Min.# Min.Legibility Type Speed Size Lamps Distance A 25-30mph 24“x48” 12 1/2mile

B 35-40mph 30“x60” 13 3/4mile

C ≥45mph 48“x96” 15 1mile

Move/Merge Right

Move/Merge Right

Move/Merge Right

Move/Merge Right or Left

Caution

PANEL DISPLAY*(Right shown; �

left similar)

OPERATING MODEAt least one of the three following �modes shall be provided:

Flashing Arrow

Sequential Arrow

Sequential Chevron

The following mode �shall be provided:

Flashing Double Arrow

The following mode �shall be provided:

Flashing Caution

*Element layout for Type C Panel shown

or

9

Pavement MarkingsForlong-termstationaryprojects,followtheguidelinesofPartVIoftheMUTCDinplacingandremovingpavementmarkings.Thecolorsoftemporarypavementmarkingsanddelineatorsfollowthesamestandardasforpermanentmarkings.Whenusedtoenhancethevisibilityoftheroad-wayedge,whiteisspecifiedalongbothsidesoftwo-wayroadwaysandtherightsideofone-wayroadways.Yellowisusedontheleftsideofone-wayroadways.Centerlinesandlanelinesareyellowwhenseparatingopposingdirectionsoftrafficandwhitewhenseparatinglanesgoingthesamedirection.

Whereexistingpavementmarkingconflictswiththetemporarytravelpath,additionalsigningandchannelizingdevicesareappropriate.

Fundamental PrinciplesTheprincipleslistedbelowprovideaguidingphilosophyofgoodtemporarytrafficcontrolandenhancethesafetyofmotorists,pedestrians,andworkersinthevicinityoftemporarytrafficcontrolzones.

1. Maketrafficsafetyandtemporarytrafficcontrolanintegralandhigh-priorityelementofeveryprojectfromplanningthroughdesign,construction,andmaintenance.

2. Inhibittrafficmovementaslittleaspossible.

3. Provideclearandpositiveguidancetodriversandpedestriansastheyapproachandtravelthroughthetemporarytrafficcontrolzone.

4. Inspecttrafficcontrolelementsroutinelyandmakemodificationswhennecessary.

5. Payincreasedattentiontoroadsidesafetyinthevicinityoftemporarytrafficcontrolzones.

6. Trainallpersonsthatselect,place,andmaintaintemporarytrafficcontroldevices.

7. Establishproperlegislativeauthoritytoimplementandenforceneededtrafficregulations,speedzoning,parkingcontrols,andincidentmanagement.

8. Keepthepublicwellinformed.

9. Ifthereisasideroadintersectionorrampswithintheworkarea,additionaltrafficcontrol,suchasflaggersandappropriatesignage,maybeneededonthesideroadapproachesorramps.

10.Goodjudgmentmustalwaysbeusedtodeterminethefinaltrafficcontrolsetup.

10

Parts of a Traffic Control Zone

Thetrafficcontrolzoneisthedistancebetweenthefirstadvancewarningsignandthepointbeyondtheworkareawheretrafficisnolongeraffected.Belowisadiagramshowingthesixpartsofatrafficcontrolzone.

ADVANCED WARNING AREAtells traffic whatto expect ahead

TAPER AREAmoves traffic outof its normal path

WORK AREAset aside for

workers,equipment, and material storage

TAPER AREAlets traffic resume

normal driving

LateralBufferArea

BUFFER AREAprovides protection for

traffic and workers

PROTECTIONVEHICLE AREA

provides atemporarybarrier for

worker safety

Roll-Ahead Distance

see Table Page 70

Protective Vehiclewith or withoutTruck Mounted

Attenuator

11

Taper Length Criteria for Work Zones

Thefivetypesoftapersusedinworkzonetrafficcontrolare:

TypeofTaper

1) Merging Taper–Thenumberoflanesisreducedonamultilaneroad

2) Shifting Taper–Alateralshift,butnoreductioninthenumberoftravellanes

3) Shoulder Taper–Theshoulderisclosed

4) Two-way Traffic Taper –Opposingdirectionsoftrafficshareoneopenlane

5) Downstream Taper–Theworkareaendsandtrafficresumesnormaldriving(useisoptional)

TABLE II INDOT STANDARD TAPERS

Speed (mph)

Shoulder Tapers

ShiftingTapers

MergingTapers

L CS # L CS # L CS #

LowSpeed

30 60 20 3 90 20 5 180 20 9

35 90 20 5 140 20 7 260 20 13

40 120 40 3 160 40 4 320 40 8

HighSpeed

45 200 40 5 280 40 7 560 40 14

50 200 50 4 300 50 6 600 50 12

55 220 50 5 350 50 7 700 50 14

60 240 60 4 360 60 6 720 60 12

65 300 60 5 400 60 7 780 60 13

70 300 60 5 420 60 7 840 60 14

2-Way & Downstream Tapers are always 100/20/6

L=Length CS=Cone Spacing #=Quantity of Cones

12

Buffer LengthsThebufferareaisarecommendedpartoftheworkzone.Itservestoseparatetrafficflowfromtheworkareaorapotentiallyhazardousareaandprovidesrecoveryspaceforanerrantvehicle.Thebufferareashouldnotincludeanyworkactivitynorstorageofequipment,vehiclesormaterial.

Speed(mph) Length(ft) 20 35

25 55

30 85

35 120

40 170


50 280

55 335

60 415

65 485

70 580

Supervisor‘s Checklist1. Haveatrafficcontrolplanbeforegoingtotheworksite.2. Askyourself,“Whatisthedriver‘sviewofthework

site—atnight,duringpeakhours,etc.”3. Investigatecrashes/incidentstoidentifyifchangesare

neededinthetrafficcontrolplan.4. Foroverheadwork,trafficcontrolisrequiredforaffected

lane(s).

Alateralbufferspacemayalsobeusedtoseparatepassingtrafficfromtheworkarea.Itsuseandwidthisbasedonconditionsattheworksite.

Guidelines for Buffer Lengths

Distance of Flagger Station in Advance of the Workspace

Speed (mph) Distance Speed (mph) Distance

20 35 45 220

25 55 50 280

30 85 55 335

35 120 60 415

40 170 65 485

13

Planning the LayoutThekeytogoodtrafficcontrolistoapplytheguidelinesusingproperjudgment.Considerfactorssuchasdurationofwork,locationofwork,andcharacteristicsoftheroadway.

Duration of Work

Workdurationisamajorfactorindeterminingthenum-berandtypesofdevicesusedintemporarytrafficcontrolzones.Asageneralrule,thelongertheoperationwilllast,themoretrafficcontroldevicesareneeded.Also,astheworktimeisshort,thetimeduringwhichmotoristsareaffectedissignificantlyincreasedwhenadditionaldevicesareinstalledandremoved.Consideringthesefactors,itisgenerallyheldthatsimplifiedcontrolproceduresarewar-rantedforshort-durationactivities.Suchshortcomingsmaybeoffsetbytheuseofother,moredominantdevices,suchasspeciallightingunitsonworkvehicles.

Long-TermStationary–Workthatoccupiesalocationmorethan3days.

Intermediate-TermStationary–Workthatoccupiesalocationfromovernightto3days.

Short-TermStationary–Daytimeworkthatoccupiesalocationfor1to12hours.

ShortDuration–Workthatoccupiesalocationupto1hour.

Mobile–Workthatmovesintermittentlyorcontinuously.

Location of WorkThechoiceoftrafficcontrolneededforatemporarytrafficcontrolzonedependsuponwheretheworkislocated.Asageneralrule,theclosertheworkistotraffic,themorecon-troldevicesareneeded.

14

What Traffic Control Set-Up Should I Use?

Thesefivequestionsshouldbeconsideredandansweredinordertoprovideproperworksitetrafficcontrol.

1. Whatisthetypeofroad(two-laneormulti-lane)onwhichwewillbeworking?

2. Areweworkingontheroadwayorshoulder?

3. Howlongwillwebeatalocation?

4. Isextraprotectionneeded?

5. Isalanebeingrestrictedorencroachedupon?

Curvy and Hilly Locations

Theselocationsmayrequireextraworkzonesafetymeasures.

15

Night Time Traffic ControlExtracareshouldbetakenwhenschedulingworkatnight.Planaheadwheneverpossible,involvingallaffectedperson-nel,toensurethateveryoneunderstandswhatisexpectedofthemandthatyouhavethepropertrafficcontrolequipmentforthejob.Asstatedonpage1ofthismanual,theimmediateresponsetoanemergencysituationmustbynecessitymakeuseofavailabledevicesandequipment.Giventheopportunity,however,longertermemergenciesshouldbetreatedinaman-nersimilartotemporarytrafficcontrolassoonaspossible.

Thework-zonecontrolsmentionedinthismanualarethemini-mumrequirementsandextracontrolsshouldbeutilizedwhenneeded.Closingadditionallaneswhenpossibleandtheuseofmessageboardsarejust2ofthetoolsavailable.

Specificallythefollowingareguidelinestofollowwhenper-formingnighttimeactivities:

Signs:Mustberetroreflective(seepage3ofthismanualformoredetails)

MessageBoards:Portablemessagesignsmaybeusedtoalertthepublicoftheworkahead.

Seepage4forspecificdetailsandhowthesignshouldbeused).Itisagoodpracticetodisplaythemessageadayahead.

ArrowBoards:Lightsshouldbedimmedfornightoperations(mostboardsdimautomatically).

PersonalProtectiveEquipment:Hivizsafetyapparelshallbewornduringnighttimeoperations(consulttheINDOTSafetyManualforspecificdetails).

ChannelingDevices:Conesmustbe28”andhaveretrore-flectivetape.BarrelsmusthaveretroreflectivetapeorWarningLights(whererequired).Barricadepanelmustbe-Type3.(Seepage5ofthismanualformoredetails).Itisalsoagoodpracticetohavenightpatrolsavailabletoresettrafficcontroldevicesasneeded.

Lighting-WorksiteIllumination:Portablelighttowerswithgeneratorshouldbeusedtoilluminatedtheworkarea.ThepreferredlightstrengthshouldbeClassIII215lux(20ftcandles).Everyeffortshallbemadetopreventglareaffectingoncomingtraffic.

16

VehicleWorkLights:Lightsshallbeaddedtoworkequip-mentasneeded.Equipmentlightingshallalsobepositionedtopreventglaretomotorist.

GeneralSafety:Truckspullingarrowboardfornighttimeoperationsshouldturnoffallwarninglightsandflasherstothereartopreventdistractingfromtheviewofthearrowboard.Headlightsshouldbeonduringmobileoperations.

17

Typical Application DiagramsThediagramsonthefollowingpagesrepresentexamplesoftheapplicationofprinciplesandproceduresforsafeandefficienttraf-ficcontrolinworkzonesbutarenotintendedtobestandards.Itisnotpossibletoincludeillustrationstocovereverysituationwhichwillrequireworkareaprotection.Thesetypicallayoutsarenotintendedasasubstituteforengineeringjudgmentandshouldbealteredtofittheconditionsofaparticularsite.Contractplansorotheragencydocumentsmayalsohaveapplicablelayoutstobefollowed.Thediagramsarenottoscale,andthenumberofchannelizingdevicesshownmaynotbethenumberneededattheworksite.Workvehiclesarenotshownindiagrams.Usethetablesonthetypicaldiagramstodeterminetaperandbufferlengths,andusepages6and11forguidanceonthespacingandnumberofdevices.Thenotesandtablesonthetypicaldiagramsprovideimportantinformationfortheuser.Allitemsshownondiagramsaretobeconsideredmandatory,unlessstatedotherwise.Readallnotesbeforeusingthesediagrams.Theinformationpresentedinthesediagramsandtablesaregenerallyminimums.Forfurtherinformation,refertoPartVIoftheMUTCDandtheIndianaMUTCDsupplement.Thesecontainthestandardsforworkzonetrafficcontrol.

Legend

ChannelizingDevice

Arrow Board Display

Flagger Symbol

Portable Sign Support

Arrow BoardDisplay Symbol

ChangeableMessage Sign

Protection Vehiclewith Flashing Light

High Level Warning Device

Work Area

Warning Sign

Protection Vehicle with Truck-Mounted Attenuator (TMA)

ProtectionvehicleforINDOTshallbeadumptruckloadedwithsandandparkedatanangle.IfaTMAisused,thetruckshallbeloadedperTMAmanufacturersspecifications(loadofsandmaynotbeneededwithaTMA),parkedparalleltotraffic,frontwheelsangledawayfromtraffic,andmaybeeitheradumpor2tonstakebedvehicle.Drawingsarenottoscale.Thedrawingsdonotdepictthenumberofchannelizingdevicestouse.

18

Definitions of Terms

Shall/Mandatory-Requiredcondition.

Should/Recommend-Anadvisorycondition.Wherethesewordsareused,theyareconsideredtobeadvisableusage.

May/Optional-Apermissivecondition.Norequirementfordesignorapplicationisintended.

NotforINDOTuse-NotforuseonINDOTroads.

ForworknotspecificallycoveredinourWZSM,theIndianaMUTCDwillneedtobeconsulted,butwhereourWZSMhasaddeddevices,etc,theWZSMshalltakeprecedent.

Short Term Stationary(1 to 12 hours)

19

Work off the Traveled LanesIncludes Paved Shoulder <8ft.

(Short Term Stationary - 1 to 12 hours)

Notes:

1. Otheracceptableadvancewarningsignsarethoseindicatingshoulder work,utility work ahead,ortheworkers sign.

2. Anadvancewarningsignshouldbeused;iftheworkwillbeperformedimmediatelyadjacenttotheshoulder,ifequipmentwillcrossormovealongtheroadway,oriftheactivitymaydistractmotorists.

3. Warningsignsmaybeeliminatediftheworkspaceisbehindabarrier,morethan2ft.behindacurb,or15ft.ormorefromtheedgeofanytraveledlane.

4. Forworkbeyondtheshoulder,allwarningsignsandchannel-izingdevicesareoptionalifavehiclewithactivatedwarninglightsisused.

ROADWORKAHEAD

A

shoulderSee notes below

See TablePage 21

20

Work on Paved Shoulders >8ft. or Parking Lanes

(Short Term Stationary – 1 to 12 hours)

Notes:

1. workers orutility work aheadsignsmaybeusedinsteadoftheshoulder work orroad work aheadsigns.

Buffer

ShoulderTaper

ROADWORKAHEAD

A

B

ROADWORKAHEAD

A

SHOULDERWORK

See Note 1

Shoulder or Parking Lane

(optional)

Speed Sign Sign Limit Spacing Spacing Buffer (mph) A(ft) B(ft) (ft)

25 100 100 55

30 100 100 85

35 350 350 120

40 350 350 170

45 500 500 220

50 500 500 280

55 500 500 335

60 1000 1600 415

21

Paved Shoulder >8ft. Closed on Divided Roadway


Notes:

1. shoulder closedsignsshouldbeusedonlimited-accesshighwayswherethereisnoopportunityfordisabledvehiclestopulloffthetraveledway.

2. utility work aheadorwork-ers signsmaybeusedinsteadoftheroad work aheadsign.

3. Useofanarrowdisplayisoptional.Ifused,itshallbeoperatedinthecautionmode.

4. Onnon-freewaymultilaneroadsinurbanareas,thesignspacingmaybereducedasshowninthechartonpage2.

5. <40mphspeedlimit,protectionvehicleoptional.

Buffer

ShoulderTaper

ROADWORKAHEAD

A

B

SHOULDERCLOSEDAHEAD

SHOULDERCLOSED

ROADWORKAHEAD

1/2 A

OR Shoulder Work

Roll Ahead DistanceSee Table Page 70

Speed Sign Limit Spacing(ft) Buffer (mph) AB (ft)

35 350 350 120

40 350 350 170

45 500 500 220

50 1000 1600 280

55 1000 1600 335

60 1000 1600 415

65 1000 1600 485

70 1000 1600 580

22

Lane Closure on a Two-Lane Road(Two Flagger Operation)


Notes:

1. TheflaggerorflaggersshalluseapprovedflaggingproceduresaccordingtotheMUTCDandasshownonpage74.

2. Ifthereisasideroadintersectionwithintheworkarea,additionaltrafficcontrol,suchasflaggersandappro-priatesignage,

maybeneededonthesideroadapproaches.

ROADWORKAHEAD

See TablePage 12

ONE LANEROAD

AHEAD

Buffer

ROADWORKAHEAD

ONE LANEROAD

AHEAD

(Optional)

ENDROAD WORK

ENDROAD WORKA

A

B

C

C

B

A

A

Taper 100'

Taper 100'

Speed Sign Sign Sign Limit SpacingSpacingSpacing Buffer (mph) A(ft) B(ft) C(ft) 25 100 100 100 55

30 100 100 100 85

35 350 350 350 120

40 350 350 350 170

45 500 500 500 220

50 500 500 500 280

55 500 500 500 335

60 1000 1600 2600 415

23

Center Turn Lane Closed (Short Term Stationary – 1 to 12 hours)

ROADWORKAHEAD

A

MergingTaper

MergingTaper

Buffer

ROADWORKAHEAD

A

Buffer

(optional)

Roll Ahead Distance See Table Page 70


See TablePage 11

See TablePage 11

Speed Sign Limit Spacing Buffer (mph) A(ft) (ft)

25 100 55

30 100 85

35 350 120

40 350 170

45 500 220

50 500 280

55 500 335

60 1000 415

Notes:

1. LARGEARROWsignmaybeusedattheshiftforaddedvisability.

24

Lane Shift on a Three-Lane, Two-Way Road


Notes:

1. large arrowsignsmaybeusedattheshiftsforaddedvisibility.

2. Ifthespeedsare30mphorless,reverse turnsignsshallbeusedinsteadofreverse curve.

3. <40mphspeedlimit,pro-tectionvehicleoptional.

4. Ifanarrowboardisusedontheprotectionvehicle,thenitshallbeinthecau-tionmode.


ROADWORKAHEAD

A

ShiftingTaper

ShiftingTaper

ShiftingTaper

Buffer

ROADWORKAHEAD

A

A

Buffer

ShiftingTaper

See TablePage 11

(Optional)

(Optional)

Caution Mode

Caution Mode

See TablePage 11

See TablePage 11

See NotePage 4


25 100 55

30 100 85

35 350 120

40 350 170

45 500 220

50 500 280

55 500 335

60 1000 415

25

Lane Closure on a Four-Lane Undivided Road


Buffer Space

A

B

A

ROADWORKAHEAD

MergingTaper

Buffer Space(optional)

MergingTaper


ROADWORKAHEAD

C

BLEFTLANE

CLOSEDAHEAD

See Note 1

See Note 1

See Note 2

CLEFTLANE

CLOSEDAHEAD

See Table Page 12

See Table Page 12

Protection Vehicle Area

Speed Sign Sign SignLimit SpacingSpacingSpacing Buffer (mph) A(ft) B(ft) C(ft) (ft)

25 100 100 100 55

30 100 100 100 85

35 350 350 350 120

40 350 350 350 170

45 500 500 500 220

50 500 500 500 280

55 500 500500335

60 1000 1600 2600 415

65 1000 1600 2600 485

Notes:1. <40mphspeed

limit,protectionvehicleoptional,andLEFTLANECLOSEDAHEADsignisoptional.

2. Ifanarrowboardisusedontheprotectionvehicle,thenitshallbeinthecautionmode.

26

Lane Closure on Divided Roadway or One Way Street


Notes:

1. Whenasideroadintersectstheroadwaywithintheworkzone,additionaldevicesshallbeerectedtochannelizetrafficto/fromthesideroad,andaroad work ahead signshallbeplacedoneachsideroadapproach.

2. Onnon-freewaymulti-laneroadsinurbanareas,thesignspacingmaybereducedasshowninthechartonpage2.

3. <40mphspeedlimit,protectionvehicleoptional.

Speed Sign Limit Spacing(ft) Buffer (mph) ABC (ft)

30 100 100 100 85

35 350 350 350 120

40 350 350 350 170

45 500 500 500 220

50 1000 1600 2600 280

55 1000 1600 2600 335

60 1000 1600 2600 415

65 1000 1600 2600 485

70 1000 1600 2600 580


Buffer

A

B

C

A

B

C

RIGHT LANECLOSEDAHEAD

MergingTaper

ROADWORKAHEAD


ROADWORKAHEAD

Shoulder Taper

If an arrow board isused on the protectionvehicle, then it shallbe in the caution mode.

(optional)

(Optional)

ENDROAD WORK

(Optional)

ENDROAD WORK

See TablePage 11 See Table

Page 11

27

Double Lane Closure on Divided Roadway(Short Term Stationary – 1 to 12 hours)

Notes:

1. Whenasideroadinter-sectstheroadwaywithintheworkzone,additionaldevicesshallbeerectedtochannelizetrafficto/fromthesideroad,andaroad work ahead signshallbeplacedoneachsideroadapproach.

2. Onnon-freewaymultilaneroadsinurbanareas,thesignspacingmaybereducedasshowninthechartonpage2.

3. 1560feetfor<65mph. 1680feetfor70mph.4. Ifanarrowboardisusedontheprotectionvehicle,thenit

shallbeinthecautionmode.

Buffer

Merging Taper

ROADWORKAHEAD

A

A

A

B

C

A

B

C

RIGHTTWO LANES

CLOSEDAHEAD

RIGHTTWO LANES

CLOSEDAHEAD

Merging Taper

See TablePage 11

See TablePage 11

See Note 3

See Note 4

(optional)

ENDROAD WORK

(optional)

ENDROAD WORK

ROADWORKAHEAD



35 350 350 350 120

40 350 350 350 170

45 500 500 500 220

50 1000 1600 2600 280

55 1000 1600 2600 335

60 1000 1600 2600 415

65 1000 1600 2600 485

70 1000 1600 2600 580

28

Half Road Closure on Multilane Roadway(Short Term Stationary – 1 to 12 hours)

Buffer

Buffer

ShiftingTaper

Merging Taper

ShiftingTaper

See TablePage 11

See TablePage 11

See Note 2

2 Times Merging Taper

See TablePage 11

See TablePage 11

See TablePage 11

Merging Taper

ROADWORKAHEAD

A

AB

C

ROADWORKAHEAD C

B

A


LEFT LANECLOSEDAHEAD

(optional)

(optional)

ENDROAD WORK

ENDROAD WORK



30 100 100 100 85

35 350 350 350 120

40 350 350 350 170

45 500 500 500 220

50 500 500 500 280

55 500 500 500 335

60 1000 1600 2600 415

Notes:1. <40mphspeedlimit,

protectionvehicleoptional.

2. Ifanarrowboardisusedontheprotectionvehicle,thenitshallbeinthecautionmode.

29

Half Road Closure on Multilane Roadway (cont.)(Short Term Stationary – 1 to 12 hours)

Notes

1. Channelizingdevicesshallbemorecloselyspacedwhenthepavementmarkingsconflictwiththetemporarytravelpath.

2. Whenasideroadintersectstheroadwaywithintheworkzone,additionaldevicesshallbeerectedtochannelizetraf-ficto/fromthesideroadandaroad work aheadsignshallbeplacedoneachsideroadapproach.

30

Mainline Right Lane Closed, Entrance Ramp Open


Taper780'

250' ROADWORKAHEAD

RIGHTLANE

CLOSEDAHEAD

YIELDAHEAD

YIELD

250'

500'

Acceleration Lane1560' desired

Notes:

1. Blackonwhite45mphsignonrampisoptionalifmainlinespeedlimithasbeentemporarilyreducedto45mph.

31

Mainline Left Lane Closed, Entrance Ramp Open


see Note 1


ROADWORKAHEAD

Notes:

1. Theadvancewarningsignspacingisdependentontheramplengthandlocationofexistingsigning.Thespacingshouldbeaslongaspossible.

2. Blackonwhite45mphsignonrampisoptionalifmainlinespeedlimithasbeentemporarilyreducedto45mph.

32

Mainline Right Lane Closed, Exit Ramp Open


EXIT

Consider barrels for these devices.

33

Notes:

1. Sometimesclosingtherampmaybethebestcourseofaction.

Work in Vicinity of Exit Ramp(Short Term Stationary – 1 to 12 hours)

100'

100'

1,000'

MergingTaper

MergingTaper

MergingTaper

XX

XX


30 100 100 100 85

35 350 350 350 120

40 350 350 350 170

45 500 500 500 220

50 1000 1600 2600 280

55 1000 1600 2600 335

60 1000 1600 2600 415

65 1000 1600 2600 485

70 1000 1600 2600 580

EXITOPEN

34

Notes:

1. Sometimesclosingtherampmaybethebestcourseofaction.

100’

1000’

Mergingtaper

Mergingtaper

Mergingtaper

XX

XX


30 100 100 100 85

35 350 350 350 120

40 350 350 350 170

45 500 500 500 220

50 500 500 500 280

55 500 500 500 335

60 1000 1600 2600 415

65100016002600485

70100016002600580

Work in Vicinity of Exit Ramp(Short Term Stationary – 1 to 12 hours)

35

Notes:

1. Truckoff-trackingshouldbeconsideredwhendeterminingwhetherthe10’minimumlanewidthisadequate.

2. Forworkontheoutsideoftheramp,theconeswillbeshiftedtothatside,andthegoreareaextendedupstream.

Partial Ramp Closure(Short Term Stationary – 1 to 12 hours)

ROADWORKAHEAD

Shifting Taper

ON RAMP

RAMP NARROWS

AHEAD

10' minimum (see note 1)

36

Notes:


2. Protectionvehiclerecommendedinsideconedarea,ifrollaheaddistancepermits.

3. Required,ifconedareaorworkareaextendsintotheramp.

Partial Ramp ClosureWork in Gore Area


ROADWORKAHEAD

RIGHTSHOULDER

CLOSEDAHEAD

ROADWORKAHEAD

ShiftingTaper

ON RAMP

RAMP NARROWS

AHEAD


Speed should be at least10 mph less than the posted ramp speed.

(see note 3)

(see note 3)

XXMPH

OR

A

B


35 350 350 120

40 350 350 170

45 500 500 220

50 1000 1600 280

55 1000 1600 335

60 1000 1600 415

65 1000 1600 485

70 1000 1600 580

37

ROADWORKAHEAD

C

B

A

A

A

ROADWORKAHEAD

ROADWORKAHEAD

ROADWORKAHEAD

A

C

Buffer

BONE LANE

ROADAHEAD

ONE LANEROAD

AHEAD

(optional)

(optional)

(optional)

(optional)

Taper 100'

(optional)

See NotePage 12

Lane Closure in Advance of an Intersection(Work Area on the Through Road)



30 100 100 100 85

35 350 350 350 120

40 350 350 350 170

45 500 500 500 220

50 500 500 500 280

55 500 500 500 335

60 1000 1600 2600 415

Notes:

1. Dependingontrafficconditions,additionaltrafficcontrol,suchasflaggersandappropri-atesignage,maybeneededonthesideroadapproaches.

2. Themiddleflagger(optional)hasthebestviewoftrafficfromalldirections.“FlaggerAhead”signsshouldbeusedinall4directionswhentheoptionalmiddleflaggerisused.

3. TheflaggersshalluseapprovedflaggingproceduresaccordingtotheMUTCDandasshownonpage74.

38

ONE LANEROAD

AHEAD B

A

A

B

C

ROADWORKAHEAD

ROADWORKAHEAD

A

C

A

BONE LANE

ROADAHEAD

B

ROADWORKAHEAD

ROADWORKAHEAD

(optional)

(optional)

Buffer

Taper 100'

See NotePage 12

Notes:

1. Dependingontrafficconditions,addi-tionaltrafficcontrol,suchasflaggersandappropriatesignage,maybeneeded.

2. Themiddleflaggerhasthebestviewoftrafficfromalldirections.Thisflag-gershouldbedesig-natedlead flaggerandshouldcoordi-natetheactionsoftheotherflaggers.

3. Theflaggersshalluseapprovedflag-gingproceduresaccordingtotheMUTCDandasshownonpage74.

Lane Closure in Advance of an Intersection(Work Area on the Side Road)



30 100 100 100 85

35 350 350 350 120

40 350 350 350 170

45 500 500 500 220

50 500 500 500 280

55 500 500 500 335

60 1000 1600 2600 415

39

Notes:

1. Dependingontrafficconditions,addi-tionaltrafficcontrol,suchasflaggersandappropriatesignage,maybeneeded.

2. Theflaggersshalluseapprovedflag-gingproceduresaccordingtotheMUTCDandasshownonpage74.

3. Whenthereisinsuf-ficientspacetheTaperandBufferdistancesmaybereduced.

A

ROADWORKAHEAD

C

B

A

A

ROADWORKAHEAD

ROADWORKAHEAD

ROADWORKAHEAD

A

C

100'See Table Page 12

BONE LANE

ROADAHEAD

ONE LANEROAD

AHEAD(optional)

(optional)

Buffer

Taper 100'

See NotePage 12

Lane Closure Beyond an Intersection(Work Area on the Through Road)



30 100 100 100 85

35 350 350 350 120

40 350 350 350 170

45 500 500 500 220

50 500 500 500 280

55 500 500 500 335

60 1000 1600 2600 415

40

Lane Closure Beyond an Intersection(Work Area on the Side Road)


B

ROADWORKAHEAD

A

(optional)

ROADWORKAHEAD

C

B

A

C

A

(optional)

BONE LANE

ROADAHEAD

ONE LANEROAD

AHEAD

AROADWORKAHEAD

B

See Table Page 12

ROADWORKAHEAD

100'

Buffer

Taper100'

See NotePage 12


30 100 100 100 85

35 350 350 350 120

40 350 350 350 170

45 500 500 500 220

50 500 500 500 280

55 500 500 500 335

60 1000 1600 2600 415

41

Notes:

1. Dependingontrafficconditions,additionaltrafficcontrol,suchasflaggersandappropriatesignage,maybeneeded.

2. Themiddleflaggershouldbedesignatedlead flaggerandshouldcoordinatetheactionsoftheotherflaggers.


4. WhenthereisinsufficientspacetheTaperandBufferdistancesmaybereduced.

Lane Closure Beyond an Intersection (cont.)(Short Term Stationary – 1 to 12 hours)

42

Lane Closure at a Multilane Intersection(Short Term Stationary – 1 to 12 hours)

Notes:

1. Forspeedlimit<40mph,Protectionvehicleoptional.

2. Ifworkingonfarsideofintersection,seepage44.

3. Thelengthoftapersmaybeadjustedwhenusedincloseproximitytocrossroads,curves,orotherinfluencingfactors.

Buffer


ROADWORKAHEAD

A

B


Merging TaperSee Table Page 11

See Note Page 12

Speed Sign Sign Limit SpacingSpacing Buffer (mph) A(ft) B(ft) (ft)

25 100 100 55

30 100 100 85

35 350 350 120

40 350 350 170

45 500 500 220

50 500 500 280

55 500 500 335

6010001600415

43

Turn Lane Closure at an Intersection(Short Term Stationary – 1 to 12 hours)

ROADWORKAHEAD

A

Merging TaperSee Table Page 11(Optional)

Speed Sign Limit Spacing (mph) A(ft) 25 100

30 100

35 350

40 350

45 500

50 500

55 500

601000

Notes:

1. Lanemaybeopenedbeyondworkarea.

2. Thelengthofthetapersmaybeadjustedwhenusedincloseproximitytocrossroads,curves,orotherinfluencingfactors.

44

Lane Closure on Far Side of Intersection(Speeds of 35 mph or Less)


Notes:

1. Thislayoutisonlyappropriateforroadswithspeedsof35mph orless.Forhigherspeeds,seetableonpage25foradvancesigningandtaperlayout.

2. Standardprocedureistocloseanylanethatisnotcarriedthroughtheintersectiononthenearsideoftheintersection.However,ifthisresultsintheclosureofalanehavingsignifi-cantturningmovements,thenthatlanemaybeconvertedtoaturnbay,and/orthelanemayberestrictedtoturnsonly,asshown.

3. Alarge arrowsignmaybeusedinsteadofthekeep rightordown arrowsignwherespacepermits.

A

MergingTaper

ROADWORKAHEAD

A

B

A

ROADWORKAHEAD

ROADWORKAHEAD

AROADWORKAHEAD

OR

(optional)

(optional)


OR

(optional)

TaperLEFT LANE

MUSTTURN LEFT

100'

See Table Page 11

Speed Sign Limit Spacing(ft) (mph) AB 25 100 100

30 100 100

35 350 350

45

Closure in Center of Intersection(Short Term Stationary – 1 to 12 hours)

Notes:

1. Leftturnsmayneedtobeprohibited.

ShiftingTaper

ShiftingTaper

ShiftingTaper

ShiftingTaper

Speed Sign Sign Limit Spacing Spacing (mph) A(ft) B(ft) 30 100 100

35 350 350

40 350 350

45 500 500

50 500 500

55 500 500

6010001600

Short Duration(up to 1 hour)

46

Work off the Traveled Lanes (Includes Paved Shoulder < 8ft.)

(Short Duration - Up to 1 Hour)

Notes:

1. OtheracceptableadvancewarningsignsarethoseindicatingSHOULDERWORK,UTILITYWORKAHEAD,ortheWORKERSsign.

2. Anadvancewarningsignshouldbeused;iftheworkwillbeperformedimmediatelyadjacenttotheshoulder,ifequipmentwillcrossormovealongtheroadway,oriftheactivitymaydis-tractmotorists.

3. Warningsignsmaybeeliminatediftheworkspaceisbehindabarrier,morethan2ft.behindacurb,or15ft.ormorefromtheedgeofanyroadway.

4. Allwarningsignsandchannelizingdevicesareoptionalifavehiclewithactivatedwarninglightsisused.

Shoulder

See Notes


30 100 100 100 85

35 350 350 350 120

40 350 350 350 170

45 500 500 500 220

50 500 500 500 280

55 500 500 500 335

60 1000 1600 2600 415

47

Work on Paved Shoulders or Parking Lane > 8ft.

(Short Duration – up to 1 hour)Shoulder orParking Lane

use of conesSee Note 2

ShoulderTaper See Table Page 11

SHOULDERWORK

Buffer

A

See Notes 1&2


25 100 55

30 100 85

35 350 120

40 350 170

45 500 220

50 500 280

55 500 335

60 1000 415

Notes:

1. OtherstandardMUTCDsignsmaybeused.2. Optionalwhentheworkvehicledisplaysactivated

warninglights.

48

Work on Paved Shoulder > 8ft. Closed on Divided Roadway

(Short Duration – up to 1 hour)

Notes:

1. Useofanarrowdisplayisoptional.Ifused,itshallbeoperatedinthecau-tionmode.

Buffer

SHOULDERWORKAHEAD

A

ShoulderTaper See Table Page 11

cones optional

(optional)

Optional when the work vehicle displays flashing

lights, strobes or beacon(s).

Speed Sign Limit Spacing(ft) Buffer (mph) A (ft)

30 100 85

35 350 120

40 350 170

45 500 220

50 1000 280

55 1000 335

60 1000 415

65 1000 485

70 1000 580

: :

49

Lane Closure on Divided Roadway or One Way Street


Notes:

1. Whenasideroadinter-sectstheroadwaywithintheworkzone,additionaldevicesshallbeerectedtochannelizetrafficto/fromthesideroad,andaroad work ahead signshallbeplacedoneachsideroadapproach.


Buffer

A

B

C

A

B

C


MergingTaper

ROADWORKAHEAD


ROADWORKAHEAD

Shoulder Taper

If an arrow board isused on the protection vehicle, it shall be inthe caution mode

(optional)

See Table Page 11

See Table Page 11


30 100 100 100 85

35 350 350 350 120

40 350 350 350 170

45 500 500 500 220

50 1000 1600 2600 280

55 1000 1600 2600 335

60 1000 1600 2600 415

65 1000 1600 2600 485

70100016002600580

2. Forspeedlimits<40mphspeedlimit,protectionvehicleoptional.

50

Lane Closure on a Two-Lane Road(Two Flagger Operation)


Notes:

1. Theflaggerorflaggersshalluseapprovedflag-gingproceduresaccord-ingtotheMUTCDandasshownonpage74.

2. Ifthereisasideroadintersectionwithintheworkarea,additionaltrafficcontrol,suchasflaggersandappropriatesignage,maybeneededonthesideroadapproaches.

3. Wheneveraflaggerispresent,aflagger aheadsignshallbeused.

4. ConesareoptionalwhenusingaprotectionvehiclewithactivatedWarningLights.

Speed Sign Sign Limit SpacingSpacing Buffer (mph) A(ft) B(ft) (ft) 25 100 100 55

30 100 100 85

35 350 350 120

40 350 350 170

45 500 500 220

50 500 500 280

55 500 500 335

60 1000 1600 415

See TablePage 12

ONE LANEROAD

AHEAD

Buffer

ONE LANEROAD

AHEAD

A

B

B

A

Taper 100'

Taper 100'

51

Temporary Road Closure(Short Duration – up to 20 minutes)

Notes:

1. Conditionsrepresentedareforworkwhichrequiresclosingsduringdaytimehoursonly.

2. Forhighvolumeroads,apolicepatrolcarand/orachangeablemessagesignmaybeadded.

3. Theflaggershallstopthefirstvehiclefromtheshoulderasshown.Afterstoppingthefirstvehicleiftheviewoftheflaggerisobstructed,thenhe/sheshouldmovetothecenterlinetostopadditionaltraffic.

4. Flaggersshalluseapprovedflaggingproceduresaccord-ingtotheMUTCDandasshownonpage74.

Buffer

ROADWORKAHEAD

B

A

Buffer

ROADWORKAHEAD

A

B


30 100 100 100 85

35 350 350 350 120

40 350 350 350 170

45 500 500 500 220

50 500 500 500 280

55 500 500 500 335

60 1000 1600 2600 415

52

Lane Closure in Advance of an Intersection(Work Area on the Through Road)


Notes:

1. Dependingontrafficconditions,additionaltrafficcontrol,suchasflaggersandappropriatesignage,maybeneededonthesideroadapproaches.


3. Wheneveraflaggerispresent,aflagger aheadsignshallbeused.

A

A

A

Buffer

100ʼTaper

Speed Sign Limit Spacing Buffer (mph) A(ft) 25 100 55

30 100 85

35 350 120

40 350 170

45 500 220

50 500 280

55 500 335

60 1000 415

53

Lane Closure in Advance of an Intersection(Work Area on the Side Road)(Short Duration – up to 1 hour)

Notes:


2. Themiddleflaggerhasthebestviewoftrafficfromalldirections.Thisflaggershouldbedesignatedlead flaggerandshouldcoordinatetheactionsoftheotherflaggers.


Speed Sign

Limit Spacing Buffer (mph) A(ft) (ft)

25 100 55

30 100 85

35 350 120

40 350 170

45 500 220

50 500 280

55 500 335

60 1000 415

A

A

A

A

Buffer

100ʼTaper

54

Lane Closure Beyond an Intersection(Work Area on the Through Road)


A

A

A

A

See Table Page 12100'

100'

Buffer

Taper


25 100 55

30 100 85

35 350 120

40 350 170

45 500 220

50 500 280

55 500 335

60 1000 415

Notes:



3. WhenthereisinsufficientspacetheTaperandBufferarenotused.

55

Lane Closure Beyond an Intersection(Work Area on the Side Road)(Short Duration – up to 1 hour)

Notes:


2. Themiddleflaggershouldbedesignatedlead flaggerandshouldcoordinatetheactionsoftheotherflaggers.


4. WhenthereisinsufficientspacetheTaperandBufferarenotused.

ATaper

A

A

A

See Table Page 12 100'

100'

Buffer


25 100 55

30 100 85

35 350 120

40 350 170

45 500 220

50 500 280

55 500 335

60 1000 415

56

Notes:

1. Forhightrafficvolumesorwhenafour-lanestreetisinvolvedadditionalflaggersorlawenforcementperson-nelmaybeused.

2. Thesituationdepictedcanbesimpli-fiedbyclosingoneormoreoftheintersectionapproaches.Ifthiscannotbedone,and/orwhencapacityisaproblem,considerationshouldbegiventodivertingthroughtraffictootherroadsorstreets.

3. Flashingwarninglightsand/orflagsmaybeusedtocallatten-tiontotheadvancedwarningsigns.

4. Flaggersandsignsfortheseapproachesareoptional.Ifthelengthoftheclosureand/ortrafficwarrant,additionalflaggersandtheappropriatesignsshouldbeused.

5. Conetaperattopofpageisoptionalforstopsignorsignal-izedapproaches.

ONE LANE�ROAD�

AHEAD B

A

A

B

A

A

BONE LANE�

ROAD �AHEAD

BONE LANE�

ROAD �AHEAD

ONE LANE�ROAD�

AHEAD

See Note 4(optional)

See Note 4(optional)

Taper 100'

Taper 100'

Speed Sign Limit Spacing Buffer (mph) A,B(ft) (ft)

25 100 55

30 100 85

35 350 120

40 350 170

45 500 220

50 500 280

55 500 335

60 1000 415

Lane Closure at Side of Intersection(Short Duration – up to 1 hour)

57

Closure in Center of Intersection(Short Duration – up to 1 hour)

Notes:

1. Leftturnsmayneedtobeprohibited.2. Channelizingdevicesmaybeelimi-

natedifavehicledisplayingrotatinglightsorstrobelightsispositionedintheworkspace.

3. Ahigh-levelwarningdeviceshouldbeplacedintheworkspace,ifthereissufficientroom.

ShiftingTaper

See Note 3

ShiftingTaper

ShiftingTaper

ShiftingTaper

Speed Sign Sign Limit Spacing Spacing (mph) A(ft) B(ft) 30 100 100

35 350 350

40 350 350

45 500 500

50 500 500

55 500 500

6010001600

58

Lane Closure at a Multilane Intersection(Short Duration – up to 1 hour)

Notes:

1. Forspeedlimits<40mph,protectionvehicleoptional.

2. Ifworkingonfarsideofintersection,seepage44.

3. Thelengthoftapersmaybeadjustedwhenusedincloseproximitytocrossroads,curves,orotherinfluencingfactors.

Buffer

See Table Page 11

ROADWORKAHEAD

A

B


MergingTaper

Roll ahead distance See Table

Speed Sign Sign Limit SpacingSpacing Buffer (mph) A(ft) B(ft) (ft)

25 100 100 55

30 100 100 85

35 350 350 120

40 350 350 170

45 500 500 220

50 500 500 280

55 500 500 335

60 1000 1600 415

59

Turn Lane Closure at an Intersection(Short Duration – up to 1 hour)

ROADWORKAHEAD

A

MergingTaper

See Table Page 11

Speed Sign Limit Spacing (mph) A(ft) 25 100

30 100

35 350

40 350

45 500

50 500

55 500

60 1000

Notes:

1. Lanemaybeopenedbeyondworkarea.

2. Thelengthofthetapersmaybeadjustedwhenusedincloseproximitytocrossroads,curves,orotherinfluencingfactors.

60

Notes:


2. Forworkontheoutsideoftheramp,theconeswillbeshiftedtothatside,andthegoreareaextendedupstream.

Partial Ramp Closure(Short Duration – up to 1 hour)

ROADWORKAHEAD

Shifting Taper

ON RAMP

RAMP NARROWS

AHEAD


61

Notes:


2. Protectionvehiclerecommendedinsideconedarea,ifrollaheaddistancepermits.

3. Required,ifconedareaorworkareaextendsintotheramp.

Partial Ramp ClosureWork in Gore Area


ROADWORKAHEAD

RIGHTSHOULDER

CLOSEDAHEAD

ROADWORKAHEAD

ShiftingTaper

ON RAMP

RAMP NARROWS

AHEAD


(see note 3)

(see note 3)

A

B


35 350 350 120

40 350 350 170

45 500 500 220

50 1000 1600 280

55 1000 1600 335

60 1000 1600 415

65 1000 1600 485

70 1000 1600 580

Mobile Operations

62

Mobile Operations

Mobileoperationsareworkactivitiesthatmovealongtheroadeitherintermittentlyorcontinuously.Safetyformobileoperationsshouldnotbecompromisedbyusingfewerdevicessimplybecausetheoperationwillfrequentlychangeitslocation.

Portabledevicesshouldbeused.Forexample,appropri-atelycoloredandmarkedvehicleswithvehiclewarninglights,perhapsaugmentedwithsignsorarrowdisplays,maybeusedinplaceofsignsandchannelizingdevices.

Formobileoperationstobesuccessful,theadvancewarningareafortheseoperationsmustmovewiththeworkareaorberepositionedperiodicallytoprovideadvancedwarningforthemotorist.

IntermittentMobileOperations–Thesemobileoperationsofteninvolvefrequentshortstopsthataresimilartostation-aryoperations.Warningsigns,flashingvehiclelights,and/orchannelizingdevicesshouldbeused.

Withoperationsthatmoveslowly(lessthan3MPH),itmaybefeasibletousestationarysigningthatisperiodicallyretrievedandrepositionedintheadvancewarningarea.Inaddition,vehiclesmaybeequippedwithsuchdevicesasvehiclewarninglights,truckmountedattenuators,andappropriatesigns.

Flaggersmaybeused,butcautionmustbeexercisedsotheyarenotexposedtounnecessaryhazards.

ContinuouslyMovingMobileOperations–Thesemobileoperationsincludeworkactivitiesinwhichworkersandequipmentmovealongtheroadwithoutstopping,(e.g.pavementstriping,mowing,streetsweeping,orherbicidespraying),usuallyatslowspeeds.

Forsomecontinuouslymovingoperationswherevolumesarelightandvisibilityisgood,awell-markedandwell-signedvehiclemaysuffice.Ifvolumesand/orspeedsarehigher,ashadoworprotectionvehicle,equippedasasigntruck,shouldfollowtheworkvehicle.Theadvancewarningareamoveswiththeworkarea.Ifaleadvehicleisutilized,thenanENDCONSTRUCTIONsignshouldbeusedtohelpidentifytheendoftheworkzone.

63

Mobile Operation on Paved Shoulder >8ft. for all Roads

SHOULDERWORK

64

Mobile Operation on the Shoulder (cont.)

Notes:

1. Iftheoperationrequiresencroachmentonthetravelway,amobileorstationarylaneclosureshouldbeused.

2. Foroperationsthatmoveslowly(lessthan3mph)andinsituationswheremultipleworklocationsinalimiteddistancemakeitpracticaltoplacestationarysigns,themaximumspacingfromtheadvancedwarningsigntothebeginningoftheworkis5miles.

3. Thelength of work signorasupplementalpanel(NextxMiles)maybeusedforworkzonesofmorethan2milesinlength.

4. Ifthedistancebetweenworklocationsisonemileormore,andiftheworkvehicletravelsattrafficspeedsbetweenlocations,warningsignsarenotrequiredifvehiclewarninglightsareused.

5. Otheracceptableadvancedwarningsignsincludeshoulder work,utility work ahead,mowing,worker signs,androad machinery ahead.

6.Tablebelowshowsrecommendedroll-aheaddistancesbetweenaprotectionvehiclewithorwithoutatruck-mountedattenuator(TMA)andtheworkareaforbothstationaryandmobileoperations.Roll-aheaddistancefortheprotectionvehiclemayvarydependinguponrecom-mendationsoftheTMAmanufacturer.

Roll-aheadDistancesforTMAsandprotectionvehicle

Speed Stationary Mobile

≤45mph 100ft 150ft

50-55mph 150ft 200ft

60-65mph 200ft 275ft

70mph225ft325ft

65

Mobile Operation on a Two-Lane Road

Legend appropriate totype of work


(Optional)

OR

AND



≤45mph 100ft 150ft

50-55mph 150ft 200ft

60-65mph 200ft 275ft

70mph225ft325ft

66

Mobile Operation on a Two-Lane Road (cont.)

Notes:

1. Wherepracticableandwhenneeded,theworkandprotectionvehiclesshouldpulloverperiodicallytoallowtraffictopass.Ifthiscannotbedonefrequently,asanalternative,a“DONOTPASS”signmaybeplacedontherearofthevehicleblockingthelane.

2. Flaggersmaybeused.Ifflaggersareused,thenaFLAGGERAHEADandaONELANEROADAHEADsignshallbeusedineachdirection.Ifflaggersareusedformorethan1hour,thenaROADWORKAHEADsignshallbeusedaswell.RefertoPage12forflaggerplacement.

3. Thedistancebetweentheworkandprotectionvehiclemayvaryaccordingtoterrain,paintdryingtime,andotherfactors.Protectionvehiclesareusedtowarntrafficoftheoperationahead.Wheneveradequatestoppingsightdistanceexiststotherear,theprotectionvehicleshouldmaintaintheminimumrollaheaddistanceandproceedatthesamespeedastheworkvehicle.Theprotectionvehicleshouldslowdowninadvanceofverticalorhorizontalcurvesthatrestrictsightdistance.

4. Signlegendsshallbecoveredorturnedfromviewwhenworkisnotinprogress.

67

Mobile Operation on a Two-Lane Road Using Flaggers

Notes:

1. Ifflaggersareused<1hr.,theROADWORKAHEADsignsmaybeomitted.


30 100 100 100 85

35 350 350 350 120

40 350 350 350 170

45 500 500 500 220

50 500 500 500 280

55 500 500 500 335

60 1000 1600 2600 415

CB

See Table Page 12

Roll Ahead

Buffer

See Note 1

See Note 1

ROADWORKAHEAD

A

A

BC

100'

Appr

oxim

atel

y 2

mile

s

ROADWORKAHEAD

ONE LANEROAD

AHEAD

ONE LANEROAD

AHEAD

68

Mobile Operation on a Two-Lane Divided Road

3

2

1



(optional)

OR

Where adequate shoulder width is not available, Protection Vehicle 1 may drive partially in the lane

Where adequate shoulder width is not available for Protection Vehicle 1 to drivecompletely in the shoulder, this vehicle shall follow in line with vehicle 3

AND

Notes:

Seenotes#2,#4,#5and#6onpage64.

69

2

1



(Optional)

OR

3

Where adequate shoulder width is not available, Protection Vehicle 1 may drive partially in the lane

4

Where adequate shoulder width is not available for Protection Vehicle 1 to drivecompletely in the shoulder, this vehicle shall follow in line with vehicle 4

Where adequate shoulder width is not available for Protection Vehicle 1 to drivecompletely in the shoulder, this vehicle shall drive in the near lane

AND

Mobile Operation on a Multi-Lane Divided Road

Notes:

Seenote#2onpage64.

70

Mobile Operation on a Multi-Lane Road (cont.)

Notes:

1. Protectionvehicle#1shouldtravelatavaryingdistancefromtheworkoperationsoastoprovideadequatesightdistancefortrafficapproachingfromtherear.

2. Stationaryadvancewarningsignsmaybeusedtoprovideadditionaladvancewarningfortheoperation.Thesesignsmightinclude:slow moving traffic ahead,road work ahead,paint crew ahead,etc.Thesesignsand/orachangeablemessagesignshouldbeusedwherespeedsandvolumesarehigh,orwheresightdistanceislimited.Ifusedthesesignsshallbespacedamaximumof5milesfromprotectionvehicle#1.

3. Ifstationarysignsareusedandtheactivityisspreadoutoveradistanceofmorethan2miles,thelength of workSignorasupplementalpanelshouldbeused.

4. Workshouldnormallybedoneduringoff-peakhours.

5. ProtectionVehicle(PV)spacing:•BetweenWorkVehicleandnearestPV,refertorollaheadtablebelow

•Approximately500’betweenmiddlePV’s•1000’-2000’betweenPV#2andPV#1.Urbanroadwaysmayrequireshorterdistances.Exactspacingwillbedeterminedbythecrewleader.

6. Inanurban,non-interstatearea,thenumberofprotec-tionvehiclesmaybereduced.

7. Whentheshoulderdoesnothaveadequatewidthforaprotectionvehicletogetcompletelyofftheroadway,thenprotectionvehicle#1isoptional.



≤45mph 100ft 150ft

50-55mph 150ft 200ft

60-65mph 200ft 275ft

70mph225ft325ft

71

Pedestrian and Worker SafetyPedestrianSafety

Ifpedestriantravelpaths(sidewalksorfootpaths)areclosedordisruptedbyaconstruction,maintenance,orutilityopera-tion,thenpedestriantrafficcontrolisneeded.Thisincludestheuseofsigns,channelizingdevices,flags,etc.todirectpedestrianmovementthroughoraroundtheworksite.

Themajorconsiderationsinplanningforpedestriansafetyintemporarytrafficcontrolzonesonstreetsandhighwaysare:

Pedestriansshouldnotbeledintodirectconflictswithworksitevehicles,equipment,oroperations.

Pedestriansshouldnotbeledintodirectconflictswithmainlinetrafficmovingthroughoraroundtheworksite.

Pedestriansshouldbeprovidedwithasafe,convenienttravelpaththatreplicatesasnearlyaspossiblethemostdesirablecharacteristicsofsidewalksorfootpaths.

Pedestriansneedprotectionfrompotentialinjuryandasmooth,clearlydefinedtravelpath.Obstructionsshouldbeclearlymarked,especiallyatnight.

WorkerSafety

Thesafetyofworkersinaworksiteisjustasimportantasthesafetyofthepublictravelingthroughtheworkzone.Thebestprotectionforbothisgoodworkzonetrafficcontrol.

Allworkersshouldbetrainedinhowtoworknexttotrafficinawaythatminimizestheirvulnerability.Inaddition,workerswithspecifictrafficcontrolresponsibilitiesshouldbetrainedintrafficcontroltechniques,deviceusage,andplacement.

WorkersexposedtotrafficshallbeattiredinINDOTapprovedapparelincluding,butnotlimitedtosafetyvestsandhats.

Fornighttimework,similaroutsidegarmentsshallberetro-reflectiveandshallbedesignedtoidentifyclearlythewearerasapersonandbevisiblethroughthefullrangeofbodymotions(i.e.retroreflectivematerialonthefront,back,andbothsidesofthegarment).

72

Sidewalk Closure(Pedestrian Detour)

Notes

1. Additionaladvancewarningmaybenecessary.

2. Onlythetrafficcontroldevicescontrollingpedestrianflowsareshown.Otherdevicesmaybeneededtocontroltrafficonthestreets.Uselaneclosuresigning,road narrowsorlane narrowssignsasneeded.

3. Fornighttimeclosures,TypeAflashingwarninglightsmaybeusedonbarricadessupportingsignsandclosingwalkways.

ROADWORKAHEAD

SIDEWALK CLOSED

USE OTHER SIDE

SIDEWALK CLOSED

USE OTHER SIDE

SIDEWALKCLOSED

73

Sidewalk Closure(Pedestrian Walkway Provided)

Notes:

1. Additionaladvancewarningmaybenecessary.2. Onlythetrafficcontroldevicescontrollingpedestrianflows

areshown.Otherdevicesmaybeneededtocontroltrafficonthestreets.Uselaneclosuresigning,road narrows orlane narrowssigns,asneeded.

3. Fornighttimeclosures,TypeAflashingwarninglightsmaybeusedonbarricadessupportingsignsandclosingwalkways.TypeCsteady-burnlightsmaybeusedonchannelizingdevicesseparatingthetemporarywalkwayfromvehiculartraffic.

4. Wherehighspeedsareanticipated,useabarriertoseparatethetemporarywalkwayfromvehiculartraffic.RefertoSection6D-1ofPartVIoftheMUTCDforinformationonbarriers.

5. Signsmaybeplacedalongatemporarywalkwaytoguideordirectpedestrians;forexample,keep rightorkeep leftsigns.

ROADWORKAHEAD

74

Flagging Procedures

To AlertAndSlowTraffic

To StopTraffic

24"

24"

TrafficProceed

6'

ProperlyTrainedFlaggers

giveclearmessagestodriversasshown

allowtimeanddistancefordriv-erstoreact

coordinatewithotherflaggers

ProperlyEquippedFlaggers

approvedsignpaddles

paddlesarenottobeusedinasignalizedintersection

approvedsafetyvest,shirtorcoat

brightlycoloredhatforbettervisibility

retroreflectivenightequipment

ProperFlaggingStations

goodapproachsightdistance

highlyvisibletotraffic

neverstandinmovingtrafficlane

alwayshaveanescaperoute

ProperAdvanceWarningSigns

alwaysusewarningsigns

allowreactiondistancefromsigns

removesignsifnotflagging

Flags should only be used in emergency situations for controlling traffic at a signalized intersection, or when a paddle would present a con-flicting message to the motorist. Flags used for signaling shall be a minimum of 24“ x 24”, red in color and mount-ed on a staff, about 3’ long.

75

AcknowledgmentsThisguidewasadaptedforuseinIndianabytheIndianaDepartmentofTransportation(INDOT)andtheIndianaLocalTechnicalAssistanceProgram(LTAP)fromoneproducedbytheInstituteforTransportationResearchandEducation(ITRE)atNorthCarolinaStateUniversity.INDOTandLTAPacknowl-edgeandthankITREandthemanyagenciesandassociationsinNorthCarolinaandSouthCarolinathatwereinvolvedintheoriginaldevelopmentofthisguideonworkzonetrafficcontrol.

TheIndianateamthatreviewedtheITREversionoftheWork Zone Safety HandbookandadaptedittoreflectIndianapracticeincludedrepresentativesoftheoperationssafetycoordinators,maintenance,safety,andtrafficsectionsofINDOT;AllenCounty;MontgomeryCounty,TiptonCounty;CityofLebanon;TownofFlora;andtheIndianaLTAPCenteratPurdueUniversity.

Information and TrainingForfurtherinformationandtrainingopportunitiesinbasicworkzonetrafficcontrol,flagging,andotherstreetandhigh-waydesign,operation,andmaintenancetopicscontacttheIndianaLTAPCenter,aprojectofthePurdueUniversityCivilEngineeringDepartment,fundedasaLocalTransportationAssistanceProgrambytheFederalHighwayAdministration,andIndianaDepartmentofTransportation.

IndianaLTAPCenterPurdueUniversity1284CivilEngineeringBuilding,RoomB141WestLafayette,IN47907800-428-7639phone(Indianaonly)765-496-1197faxemail:[email protected]:http://www.ecn.purdue.edu/INLTAP

76

QuickReferenceGuide

TABLE II INDOT STANDARD TAPERS (Page 11)

Speed (mph)

Shoulder Tapers ShiftingTapers

MergingTapers

L CS # L CS # L CS #

LowSpeed

30 60 20 3 90 20 5 180 20 9

35 90 20 5 140 20 7 260 20 13

40 120 40 3 160 40 4 320 40 8

HighSpeed

45 200 40 5 280 40 7 560 40 14

50 200 50 4 300 50 6 600 50 12

55 220 50 5 350 50 7 700 50 14

60 240 60 4 360 60 6 720 60 12

65 300 60 5 400 60 7 780 60 13

70 300 60 5 420 60 7 840 60 14

2-Way & Downstream Tapers are always 100/20/6

L=Length CS=Cone Spacing #=Quantity of Cones

GuidelinesforBufferLengths(Page12)

Distance of Flagger Station in Advance of the Workspace

(Page 12)

Speed (mph)

Distance Speed (mph)

Distance

20 35 45 220

25 55 50 280

30 85 55 335

35 120 60 415

40 170 65 485

SignSpacing(feet)

25-30 35-40 45-55MultilaneDividedExpressway/ mph mph mph50mphorhigherFreeway

A 100 350 500 1,000 1,000

B 100 350 500 1,600 1,600

C 100 350 500 2,640 2,640

Distances shown are approximate. Sign spacing should be adjusted for curves, hills, intersections, driveways, etc., to improve sign visibility.

SpacingofAdvanceWarningSigns(Page2)


25 55

30 85

35 120

40 170

45 220

50 280

55 334

60 415

65 485

70 580

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