Work Study
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WORK STUDY
Module 208.701. Industrial Management
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What is work study?
One of the most powerful tools to in improving productivity is work study
Work study is: The systematic examinations of the methods of carrying on
activity To improve effective use of resources To set up standards of performance
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Work study is the generic term for all those techniques,
particularly method study and work measurement , which are
used in the examination of human work in all its contexts and
which lead systematically to the investigation in all the factors
of which affect the efficiency and economy of the situation
being reviewed , in order to effect the improvement
[ British Standard Institute]
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WORK STUDY
Method study
Reduce work content of product & process
Develop economical
and effective methods
Work Measurement
Investigate and set standards of performance
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Method study
Method study is the systematic recording and critical
examination of existing and proposed ways of doing work as a
means of developing and applying easier and more effective
methods and reducing costs
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Method Study Procedure
Select the job – on which method study is to be applied.
Obtain information and Record.
Examine the information critically
Develop the most practical, economical and effective method
Install the new method as standard practice.
Maintain the standard practice by regular follow up.
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Selection of Job for Method Study
Economic Factors
Technical Factors
Human Factors
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Information Collection and Recording
Techniques used for the collection of information / data about
the task under consideration
– Process Charts
– Diagrams
– Templates
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Charts
Outline process chart
Flow process chart – Man type
Flow process chart – material type
Flow process chart – equipment type
Travel chart
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Flow chart
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Diagrams
Flow diagrams
String diagrams
Cycle graph
Chrono – cycle graph
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String diagram
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CRITICAL EXAMINATIONConsiderations Primary Questions
( Facts & reasons )Secondary Questions ( alternatives )
Implications
Purpose What is done? (Necessity)
What else can do? (Alternative)
Advantages & disadvantages
Place Where it is done? (Location)
Where else can done? Advantages & disadvantages
Sequence. When it is done? (Time)
When might it done? Advantages & disadvantages
Person Who is doing it ? ( Person)
Who else might do it ? Advantages & disadvantages
Means How is it done? How should it be done? Advantages & disadvantages
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Developing Better Method:
Where and how to use ‘man' in the process? What better work procedure be adopted? What better equipment be used? What better layout of work station, shop or factory be used?
• How to ?– Think creatively or inductively– Learn– Generalize– Cope with unexpected events
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Installation of Improved Method
Gaining acceptance
Retraining the workers
Arranging the requirements of the new method
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Maintain / follow up
Ensure that the workers do not slip back into old method
Prevent introduction of elements which are not part of
proposed method
Specify the new method very clearly
Continuous / periodic monitoring
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Micromotion Study
FRANK GILBERTH (1868-1924) & LILLIAN GILBERTH(1878-1972)
Technique of analyzing body motions employed in doing a task
Use of video camera / motion picture film camera
Data are recorded on Simultaneous Motion (SIMO) chart
Therbligs – micromotions
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Work measurement
Work measurement refers to the estimation of standard time
for an activity, that is the time allowed for completing one
piece of job by using the prescribed method
Time study is a technique to estimate the time to be allowed
to a qualified and well-trained worker working at a normal
pace to complete a specified task by using specified method.
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Time Study Procedure Step 1: Define objective of the study Step 2: Verify that the standard method and conditions Step 3: Select operator to be studied Step 4: Record information about the standard method Step 5: Divide the operation into small elements, and record Step 6: Time the operator for each of the elements. Step 7: Collect & record data of required no. of cycles by timing Step 8: Normal time = Observed time x Rating factor Step 9: Determine allowances for fatigue and various delays. Step 10: Standard time = Normal time + allowances
College of Engineering Thiruvananthapuram
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Techniques of work measurement
Stop watch time study
Predetermined motion time system (PMTS)
Activity sampling / work sampling
Analytical estimating
Synthesis from standard data
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Predetermined Motion Time System
Procedure that analyzes any manual activity in terms of basic or
fundamental motions required to perform it
Each of these motions is assigned a previously established standard
time value
Main use of lies in the estimation of time for the performance of a
task before it is performed.
Useful to organizations which do not want tedious performance
rating
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Commonly used PMT systems are
– Work factor (1938)
– Method Time Measurement (1948)
– Basic Motion Time (1951)
– Dimension Motion Time (1954)
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