WMO Global Observing Systemsfor Climate Monitoring

Measurement Challenges for Global Observation Systems for

Climate Change MonitoringTraceability, Stability and Uncertainty

Wenjian ZHANGDirector, Observing and Information Systems Department

World Meteorological Organization

WMO/OMM

WMO in The United Nations SystemInternational

Courtof Justice

GeneralAssembly

Economic and Social Council

SecurityCouncil

Secretariat TrusteeshipCouncil

Main and othersessional committees

Standing committees and ad-hoc bodies

Other subsidiary organsand related bodies

UNRWA

IAEA

INSTRAW UNCHS UNCTAD UNDCP UNDP UNEP UNFPA UNHCR UNICEF UNIFEM UNITAR UNU WFC

UNTSO UNMOGIP UNFICYP UNDOF UNIFIL UNIKOM UNAVEM II ONUSAL MINURSO UNPROFOR UNOSOM II UNOMIG UNOMIL UNMIH UNAMIR UNMOT

WFP ITC

Military Staff Committe Standing committees

and ad-hoc bodies

FUNCTIONAL COMMISIONS

REGIONAL COMMISSIONS

SESSIONAL AND STANDINGCOMMITTEES

EXPERT, AD-HOC AND RELATED BODIES

ILO FAO UNESCOWHO

World Bank Group IBRD IDA IFC MIGA

IMF ICAO UPU ITUWMO

World MeteorologicalOrganization

IMOWIPO IFAD UNIDOWTO

UN programmes and organs (representative list only)

Specialized agencies and other autonomous organizations within the system

Other commissions, committees and ad-hoc related bodies

Dr W. Zhang, WMO Presentation @ WMODr W. Zhang, WMO Presentation @ WMO--BIPM WorkshopBIPM Workshop, Geneva, Suisse, Geneva, Suisse

Organizational Structure of WMO (189 Members )

CONGRESSCONGRESS

ExecutiveExecutive CouncilCouncil

Regional AssociationsRegional Associations Technical CommissionsTechnical Commissions

Working GroupsRapporteurs

Working GroupsRapporteurs

Other Joint BodiesWCRP , IPCCGCOS

Working GroupsPanel of Experts

SecretarySecretary--GeneralGeneralSecretariatSecretariat

WMO/OMMDr W. Zhang, WMO Presentation @ WMODr W. Zhang, WMO Presentation @ WMO--BIPM WorkshopBIPM Workshop, Geneva, Suisse, Geneva, Suisse

WMO Observing Systems-Firsts

• 1780: First international observing network ( 40 weather stations with standardized observations), extending over Europe and North America, led to the development of synoptic weather chartsover a large area.

• 1873: First International Meteorological Congress, facilitated coordinated observations and instrument standardization, the establishment of the International Meteorological Organization (IMO), the predecessor of WMO

• 1896: First international cloud-atlas. • First two International Polar Years, during the periods 1882-1883

and 1932-1933, on a scale that exceeded the capabilities of any single nation.

• WMO, created in 1950. 2010: 60 years of services for your safetyand well-being.

The longest available instrumental record of Temperature

Key Values of the Organization

• The Global Nature of the Weather, Climate and Water issues

• International Collaboration and Cooperation to solve key problems which one single country can not solve:

– Global coordinated standardization of meteorological observations and real time data exchange for meteorological services

– International cooperation on Disaster Risk Reduction (weather, climate and water related)

– Joint efforts contribute to the better life, economic sectors and sustainable development.

Outline

I. WMO Global Observing Systems

II. Climate Imperative

III. WIGOS Concept Development

WMO Global Observing Systems

• World Weather Watch - Global Observing System (GOS, 1963), WMO backbone system

– Surface & Ocean in situ observing networks

– Upper-air networks– Surface remote sensing

(Radar) networks– Airborne and observations– Satellite constellations

GOS Space-based development

19611961 19781978

19901990 20092009

1111

WMO Global Observing Systems Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW)

The GAW Mission

– Systematic Monitoring Of Chemical Composition of the Atmosphere.

– Analysis and Assessment in Support of International Conventions.

– Development Of Air Pollution and Climate Predictive Capability

– Understanding Climate Change

The rate of rise (ppm/yr) is increasing

1.3 ppm/yr

1.6 ppm/yr

1.5 ppm/yr

2.0 ppm/yr

2.3 ppm/yrIn 2008

GAWGAW StatustreffenStatustreffen 1616 17 March17 March14

Assessment of the quantity and quality of water resources in order to meet the needs of society, mitigation of water-related hazards global environment quality

WMO Hydrological Cycle Observing System

WMO Global Observing Systems

WMO Co-sponsored Observing Systems--Global Climate Observing System WCC-21990

UNFCCCCOP 9 2003

UNFCCCSBSTA 30

2009

UPDATEDIMPLEMENTATION

PLAN IN SUPPORT OF

UNFCCC (IP-10)2010

SATELLITESUPPLEMENT

IMPLEMENTATIONPLAN IN

SUPPORT OFUNFCCC (IP-04)

2004

SATELLITESUPPLEMENT

2007

PROGRESS REPORT

2009

GCOS

1992

GCOS PLAN1995

FIRST ADEQUACY

REPORT 1999

SECONDADEQUACY

REPORT 2003

UNFCCC

87%87%Total Total in situin situ networksnetworksMarch 2009March 200961%61%

66%66%

81%81%

59%59%79%79%48%48%54%54%

WMO CoWMO Co--sponsored Global Observing Systemssponsored Global Observing Systems----Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) for Climate Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) for Climate

IOC, UNEPIOC, UNEP，， WMOWMO and ICSUand ICSU

100%100%

100%100%

MilestonesMilestonesDrifters 2005Drifters 2005

Argo 2007Argo 2007

Status against JCOMM targetsStatus against JCOMM targets

TOGA, WOCE, CLIVAR, Argo:TOGA, WOCE, CLIVAR, Argo: Global Ocean ObservationsGlobal Ocean ObservationsImproved basis for an ocean prediction systemImproved basis for an ocean prediction system

Current coverageCurrent coverage

2060 monitoring sites44 networks1200 contact persons 120 environmental

variables Interactive MapsThematic modules related

to biodiversity, coastal zones, forest, hydrology and mountain.Local Climate Estimates,

Geology, Pedology and Hydrology data.

Who, what, where:

Terrestrial Ecosystem Monitoring Sites Database(TEMS)

Global Terrestrial Global Terrestrial Observing SystemObserving System

Convergence of N.Hem and S.Hem Medium Range Forecast skill

Dr W. Zhang, WMO Presentation @ WMO Dr W. Zhang, WMO Presentation @ WMO -- BBIPM WorkshopIPM Workshop, Geneva, Geneva

Outline

I. WMO Global Observing Systems

II. Climate Imperative

III. WIGOS Concept Development

Climate ChangeClimate Change

New Challenges: Climate Change and severe disaster under this background. Ever-

complex society need improved services.

Hail&LightningHail&Lightning

AvalanchesAvalanchesFlash floodsFlash floods

TornadoesTornadoes

Wildland firesWildland fires& haze& haze

Hot & cold spellsHot & cold spells

Heavy precipitationsHeavy precipitations(rain or snow)(rain or snow)

DroughtsDroughts

Storm surgesStorm surges

Storm (winds)Storm (winds)

River basin floodingRiver basin flooding

Mud & landslidesMud & landslides

Ice StormsIce Storms

Tropical cyclonesTropical cyclones

Dust stormsDust storms

Risk levels:Risk levels: Top 30%:Red; Middle 30%:yellow; Lowest 40%: Blue:Top 30%:Red; Middle 30%:yellow; Lowest 40%: Blue:

Global Hotspot studyGlobal Hotspot study (World Bank with ProVention Consortium(World Bank with ProVention Consortium))

35 countries have more than 5% pop in areas at risk from three o35 countries have more than 5% pop in areas at risk from three or more hazardsr more hazards96 countries have more than 10% pop in areas at risk from two or96 countries have more than 10% pop in areas at risk from two or more hazardsmore hazards160 countries have more than 25% pop in areas at risk from one o160 countries have more than 25% pop in areas at risk from one or more hazardsr more hazards

Global Challenges We ShareGlobal Challenges We ShareAs society becomes more complex we become more As society becomes more complex we become more

sensitive to natural and human induced variability.sensitive to natural and human induced variability.

Increasing Risks under a Changing Climate

IntensityIntensity

FrequencyFrequency

HeatwavesHeatwaves

Heavy rainfall / FloodHeavy rainfall / Flood

Tropical CyclonesTropical Cyclones

Coastal Marine HazardsCoastal Marine Hazards

Strong WindStrong Wind

Water ResourceWater ResourceManagementManagement

HealthHealth IndustryIndustry

Food Food securitysecurity

TransportTransport

EnergyEnergy

Urban areasUrban areas

HazardsHazards’’ intensityintensityand frequencyand frequencyare increasingare increasing

Exposure is increasingExposure is increasing !!

Need forNeed fordisaster riskdisaster riskmanagementmanagement

WCC-3 : a historic eventThe road to WCC-3

1st WCC (1979)2nd WCC (1990)Climate variability/change impacts

on all socioeconomic sectorsA Global Framework for Climate

Services (GFCS) requiredA Cg-XV decision (2007)A 2-year preparatory process International Organizing

CommitteePreparation with Members

Dr W. Zhang, WMO Presentation @ WMO Dr W. Zhang, WMO Presentation @ WMO -- BBIPM Workshop, GenevaIPM Workshop, Geneva

World Climate ConferenceWorld Climate Conference--33

Aug 31 Aug 31 –– Sept 4, 2009, GENEVA Sept 4, 2009, GENEVA

WCC-3 High-level Declaration(approved on 3 September 2009)

DO 1 We, Heads of State and Government, Ministers and Heads of Delegation present at the High-level Segment of the World Climate Conference-3 (WCC-3) in Geneva, noting the findings of the Expert Segment of the Conference;

OP 1 Decide to establish a Global Framework for Climate Services (hereafter referred to as “the Framework”) to strengthen production, availability, delivery and application of science-based climate prediction and services;

OP 2 Request the Secretary-General of WMO to convene within four months of the adoption of the Declaration an intergovernmental meeting of member states of the WMO to approve the terms of reference and to endorse the composition of a task force of high-level, independent advisors to be appointed by the Secretary-General of the WMO with due consideration to expertise, geographical and gender balance;

OP 3 Decide that the task force will, after wide consultation with governments, partner organizations and relevant stakeholders, prepare a report, including recommendations on proposed elements of the Framework, to the Secretary-General of WMO within 12 months of the task force being set up. The report should contain findings and proposed next steps for developing and implementing a Framework. In the development of their report, the taskforce will take into account the concepts outlined in the annexed Brief Note;

OP 4 Decide further that the report of the task force shall be circulated by the Secretary-General of WMO to Member States of the WMO for consideration at the next WMO Congress in 2011, with a view to the adoption of a Framework and a plan for its implementation; and

OP 5 Invite the Secretary-General of WMO to provide the report to relevant organizations, including the UN Secretary-General.

Decide to establish a Global Framework for Climate Services

Dr W. Zhang, WMO Presentation @ WMO Dr W. Zhang, WMO Presentation @ WMO -- BBIPM WorkshopIPM Workshop, Geneva, Geneva

29

Components of Global Framework for Climate Services

Research & Research &

Modeling Modeling

and Predictionand Prediction

HealthHealthHealthHealth

AgricultureAgricultureAgricultureAgriculture

TransportTransportTransportTransport

TourismTourismTourismTourism

WaterWaterWaterWater EnergyEnergyEnergyEnergy

EcosystemEcosystemEcosystemEcosystemSectoralSectoral UsersUsers

Climate Services Information SystemClimate Services Information System

User User

InterfaceInterface

ProgrammeProgramme

Research & Research & Modeling and Modeling and

PredictionPrediction

Observations and Observations and Monitoring Monitoring

HealthHealth

AgricultureAgriculture

TransportTransport

TourismTourismWaterWater

EnergyEnergy

EcosystemEcosystemUsersUsers

Climate Services Information SystemClimate Services Information System

User Interface User Interface ProgrammeProgramme

GovernmentGovernment

Private Private sectorsector

A Seamless Prediction Framework

Fore

cast

Lea

d Ti

me

Fore

cast

Lea

d Ti

me

Warnings & Alert Warnings & Alert CoordinationCoordination

WatchesWatches

ForecastsForecasts

Threats Assessments

GuidanceGuidance

OutlookOutlook

PredictioPredictionn

Applications

Tran

spor

tatio

nTr

ansp

orta

tion

Tran

spor

tatio

n

Prot

ectio

n of

Li

fe &

Pro

pert

yPr

otec

tion

of

Prot

ectio

n of

Li

fe &

Pro

pert

yLi

fe &

Pro

pert

y

Spac

e A

pplic

atio

nsSp

ace

Spac

e A

pplic

atio

nsA

pplic

atio

ns

Rec

reat

ion

Rec

reat

ion

Rec

reat

ion

Ecos

yste

mEc

osys

tem

Ecos

yste

m

Stat

e/Lo

cal

Plan

ning

Stat

e/Lo

cal

Stat

e/Lo

cal

Plan

ning

Plan

ning

Envi

ronm

ent

Envi

ronm

ent

Envi

ronm

ent

Wat

er

Man

agem

ent

Wat

er

Wat

er

Man

agem

ent

Man

agem

ent

Agr

icul

ture

AAgr

icul

ture

gric

ultu

re

Wat

er R

esou

rce

Plan

ning

Wat

er R

esou

rce

Wat

er R

esou

rce

Plan

ning

Plan

ning

Ener

gyEn

ergy

Ener

gy

Com

mer

ceC

omm

erce

Com

mer

ce

Hyd

ropo

wer

Hyd

ropo

wer

Hyd

ropo

wer

Fire

Wea

ther

Fire

Wea

ther

Fire

Wea

ther

Hea

lthH

ealth

Hea

lth

Forecast UncertaintyForecast Forecast UncertaintyUncertainty

Initial Conditions

Boundary Conditions

Minutes

Hours

Days

1 Week

2 Weeks

Months

Seasons

Years

Weather

Climate Variability

Scenarios

Anthropogenic Forcing

Climate Change.

Adapted from: NOAA

Decades

Centuries

Studying Earth as a Complex System

CirculationSurface WindsPrecipitationReflection and TransmissionSurface TemperatureEvaporationCurrentsUpwelling

CirculationCirculationSurface WindsSurface WindsPrecipitationPrecipitationReflection and TransmissionReflection and TransmissionSurface TemperatureSurface TemperatureEvaporationEvaporationCurrentsCurrentsUpwellingUpwelling

InfiltrationRunoffNutrient LoadingSurface TemperatureCurrents

InfiltrationInfiltrationRunoffRunoffNutrient LoadingNutrient LoadingSurface TemperatureSurface TemperatureCurrentsCurrents

Surface WindsPrecipitationReflection and TransmissionEvaporationTranspirationSurface Temperature

Surface WindsSurface WindsPrecipitationPrecipitationReflection and TransmissionReflection and TransmissionEvaporationEvaporationTranspirationTranspirationSurface TemperatureSurface Temperature

LandLand

OceanOcean

AtmosphereAtmosphere

Mid-1970s

Atmosphere

Mid-1980s

Atmosphere

Land Surface

Early 1990s

Atmosphere

Land Surface

Ocean & Sea Ice

Late 1990s

Atmosphere

Land Surface

Ocean & Sea Ice

SulphateAerosol

Present Day

Atmosphere

Land Surface

Ocean & Sea Ice

SulphateAerosol

Non-sulphateAerosol

Carbon Cycle

Early 2000s?

Atmosphere

Land Surface

Ocean & Sea Ice

SulphateAerosol

Non-sulphateAerosol

Carbon Cycle

DynamicVegetation

AtmosphericChemistry

Weather

Climate Change

ClimateVariability

Overview of Weather and Climate Models and the Required Observations

Need an Integrated Global Observing System meet all requirements

Importance of observations : From Observations to Consequences

Understanding

Models

Predictions

ConsequencesValidation

Assimilation Initialization

Monitoring

Analysis

Observations

The availability of new observations strongly motivates advances in understanding, prediction, and application.

PREDICTEDPREDICTED

OBSERVEDOBSERVED

Climate Model vs Observed PrecipitationClimate Model vs Observed Precipitation

Global Intensification of Global Intensification of the hydrological cyclethe hydrological cycle ??

Models indicate trend Models indicate trend ----observations donobservations don’’t confirmt confirm

Errors donErrors don’’t allow prooft allow proof

Outline

I. WMO Global Observing Systems

II. Climate Imperative

III. WIGOS Concept Development

WIGOS: OverviewCONGRESS XV (2007)• High priority -- “Towards Enhanced Integration

between the WMO Observing Systems”(WIGOS) to support weather, climate, water and related environmental services

WMO Executive Council• Established a WG on WIGOS-WIS

– Develop an WIGOS Implementation Plan– Refine the WIS-Implementation Plan– Monitor the Progress of the Pilot and Demo

projects

WIGOS Vision

• WIGOS will establish an integrated, comprehensive and coordinated observing system to satisfy in a cost-effective and sustained manner the evolving observing requirements of WMO Members and enhance coordination with partners for the benefit of society.

Scope: WIGOS will• Build upon the existing observing components:

– WWW Global Observing System (GOS)– Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW)– World Hydrological Cycle Observing System

(WHYCOS) • and will capitalize on existing, new and

emerging technologies.• Improve access to and utilization of surface-

based observations and products from co-sponsored systems such as GTOS, GOOS and GCOS through enhanced coordination with partner organizations.

Improving Value and Availability of Information

• WIGOS will address improved value and availability of information via three areas of integration and standardization:– At the Instruments and Methods of Observation

Level– At the Data, Product & Metadata Exchange

Level (WIS)– At the Data Utilization Level - QMF principles

• WIGOS Success rely on Measurements science and technology: Great Challenge

QMF Standards Instruments and methods of

observation standards

WIS

Standardsfor

Data & Metadata exchange&

Discovery, Access and Retrieval (DAR) Services

Observationsfor

Weather,Climate,Water,

Ocean, …

DataProcessing and

Forecasting

Archiving

Users

Active Quality Management

Three areas of Integrations/Standardizations

No.1 Priority: Completeness : fill-in observing gapsKey Areas: How to develop and sustain Ocean and Land (including Polar Regions and Cryosphere) observations on operational basis from both In-situ and space?

The ENSO• The predictability rely on sub-surface data• Satellite can not observe sub-surface

now

The Arctic Ocean ice has been there for 2 million years.

1979

2003

Tiksi, Russia

Alert, Canada

Barrow, Alaska

Eureka, Canada

Summit, Greenland

Ny-Alesund, Svalbard

Establishing IntensiveAtmospheric ObservatoriesIn the Arctic is the componentof NOAA/SEARCH being directed by ESRL

Countries Where Cryosphere OccursCountries Where Cryosphere Occurs95 countries identified with cryospheric components 95 countries identified with cryospheric components

Cryosphere truly is globalCryosphere truly is global

Accuracy, PrecisionRepresentativenessMeasurement traceabilityLong-time series stabilityReducing uncertainty……

No. 2 Priority: Ensure the quality of the observations to meet climate requirements

WMO Guidelines on:“Climate Observation Networks & Systems”“Metadata and Homogeneity““Data Rescue”“Data Management”

Guidelines on maintaining national climate networks

Length (>>10 years) and homogeneity of data records

Climate scenarios….-> baseline climatologies with scenarios

change of sensors

Studying Earth as a Dynamic System

Forces acting on the Earth

system

Forces acting Forces acting on the Earth on the Earth

systemsystem

Earth system response

Earth Earth system system responseresponse

IMPACTSIMPACTS

FeedbackFeedback

World Radiometric Reference (WRR)-Standard for Solar Irradiance

• Introduced by WMO in 1980 based on the comparison of 15 fully characterized instruments

• Maintained by PMOD in Davos through a group of instruments

• Disseminated world-wide by the means of intercomparisons held every 5 years

GAW-VOC Target Compounds and the future CCL

NIST (National Institute of Standard and Technology,USA)

KRISS (Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, South Korea)

NMI-VSL (National Metrological Institute Van Swinden Laboratorium, NL)

NPL (National Physical Laboratory, GB)

DMS, ACT

NMHC

MTs

oxyVOC

Responsibilities

The responsibilities for the individual compounds are shared among several laboratories (institutions).

Long records of Carbon Dioxide (COLong records of Carbon Dioxide (CO22), Methane (CH), Methane (CH44), and ), and Nitrous Oxide (NNitrous Oxide (N22O) concentrations all show sharp increasesO) concentrations all show sharp increases

Carbon Dioxide

Nitrous Oxide

Methane

Measurements before about 1960 are mostly from bubbles trapped iMeasurements before about 1960 are mostly from bubbles trapped in glacial ice. After that, n glacial ice. After that, WMOWMO-- coordinated instrumental observations abound.coordinated instrumental observations abound.

Sea level Observations: 100 fold Sea level Observations: 100 fold improvement in 30 yearsimprovement in 30 years

Globally averaged sea levelGlobally averaged sea level

TOPEX/PoseidonTOPEX/Poseidon

JasonJason--11

S. Nerem (U. Colorado)S. Nerem (U. Colorado)

mm

mm

Does this represent a longDoes this represent a long--term term trend caused by global warming trend caused by global warming or just natural variability?or just natural variability?

Trend: N10 = - 0.40 K Dec-1, N11 = 0.80 K Dec-1,

N12 = 0.36 K Dec-1, N14 = 0.43 K Dec-1

248

249

250

251

252

253

1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

NOAA10

NOAA11

NOAA12

NOAA14

Linear (NOAA10)

Linear (NOAA11)

Linear (NOAA12)

Linear (NOAA14)

Multi-satellite inter-calibration is so important to long-time data series

Trend: N10 = -0.39 K Dec-1, N11 = 0.58 K Dec-1

N12 = 0.43 K Dec-1, N14 = 0.31 K Dec-1

248

249

250

251

252

253

1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

NOAA10

NOAA11

NOAA12

NOAA14

Linear (NOAA10)

Linear (NOAA11)

Linear (NOAA12)

Linear (NOAA14)

Operational Calibration

Improved calibrated radiances using SNO- improveddifferences between sensors by order of magnitude.

Trend = 0.17 K Dec-1

250

251

252

253

254

1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

Combined

Linear (Combined)

Trends for nonlinear calibration algorithm using SNO cross calibration0.20 K Decade-1

Improved Calibration

Global Satellite Inter-Calibration System (GSICS) -an excellent example and the most important issues for global

satellites integration.

• To improve the use of satellite global observations.

• To provide for the ability to create stable long-term climate data sets.

• To ensure instruments meet specification, pre-launch tests are traceable to SI standards.

Simultaneous Nadir Simultaneous Nadir Overpass (SNO)Overpass (SNO)

Next step: Global satellite products validationNext step: Global satellite products validation

Maximizing Data Quality and Usability

UsersUsers

Satellites Satellites & sensors& sensors

Satellite Satellite datadata

Essential Essential Climate Climate productsproducts

GOSGOS GSICSGSICS

ConsistentConsistentCalibratedCalibrateddata setsdata sets

SCOPESCOPE--CMCM

•• Sustained COSustained CO--ordinated Processing of ordinated Processing of Environmental satellite data for Climate Environmental satellite data for Climate Monitoring (SCOPEMonitoring (SCOPE--CM)CM)

•• Global productsGlobal products•• Sustained into the futureSustained into the future•• Coordinated globallyCoordinated globally

Satellite climate products delivered at multiple levels-Traceability strategy

A/D Conversion

Detection

FluxManipulation

Packetization

Compression

FiltrationAux.Sensor

Data

CCSDS (mux, code, frame) & Encrypt

CommXmitter

SEN

SOR

S

OT

HE

RSU

BSY

STE

MS

Cal.Source

DataStore

ENVIRONMENTALSOURCE

COMPONENTS

SPA

CE

SE

GM

EN

T

RDRProduction

EDRProduction

SDRProduction

EDR Level

SDR Level

RDR Level

IDPS

CommReceiver

CommProcessing

Delivered Raw

C3 S

TDR Level

Integrated Global Atmospheric Chemistry Observations(IGACO) Strategy

World Integrated

Data ArchiveCentres(WIDAC) Reanalysis

Forecast Models &Data Assimilation

Cal/Val &

Quality Assurance

Globally GriddedData

Applications- Weather Prediction- Air Quality Prediction- Global Change Detection- Environ. Assessment- Ecosystem Impacts- Seasonal Forecast- Emergency Response- Climate Research- etc. etc.

Observations• Satellite• Aircraft• Surface(in situ, remote)

ObservationOptimization

Real Time Data Delivery

Air/Surface Exchange & Emissions

All Data Delivery

WIGOS need great efforts to Turn Observations into value-added climate Products, Information and Knowledge

Special attention to the Remote sensing measurements

No.3 No.3 PriorityPriority

WIGOS need Turning Observations into Knowledge and Information

• Translating raw observations of Earth into useful information

• The decadal vision are:– (1) sustained observations from space for research

and monitoring– (2) surface-based and airborne observations that are

necessary for a complete observing system– (3) models and data assimilation systems that allow

effective use of the observations to make useful analyses and forecasts, and

– (4) planning and other activities that strengthen and sustain the Earth observation and information system.

data• priority: turning

observations into products and information

• Great challenges on:– Sciences– Technologies– Coordination– Collaboration– Cooperation– ….

productsinformation

knowledge

Observations:All Sources

Global Products

IGACO-Aerosols

World Integrated Data Network:e.g. WDC-NILU

Sat. Centres (WDC-RSAT)AERONET, etc

Assimilation of Real-Time Data

By Forecast Models

(e.g. GEMS; WMO SDS-WAS)

GAW Calibration &

Quality Assurance

(GAWNET PFRs)

Data Uses/Applications1. Public Air Quality Warnings2. Public SDS Warnings3. Public Aerosol Bulletins4. Surface and air transport5. Scientific Assessments (IPCC,

Ozone, etc)6. Improved Weather Forecasts

Aircraft: MOZAIC/IAGOS

Surface-based: Remote sensing: AOD &GALIONIn situ: PM & optical In situ: Chemistry

Satellite:MODIS, CALYPSO, GEOs

WMO Real-Time Data Distribution:WMO Information System (WIS)

Leaders: WMO/GAW & Satellite Orgs & ENV OrgsLeaders: WMO/GAW & Satellite Orgs & ENV Orgs

Reanalysis

Need Great Global Consolidation Efforts

WIGOS Benefits

• Improved observing networks operations

• Increased access to observational data and products with improved quality

• More efficient use of all available resources (cost-effectiveness)

• Better preparedness to incorporate new observing systems and to interface with WMO co-sponsored observing systems

The EarthThe Earth’’s climate is a s climate is a complex systemcomplex system……

……understanding it requiring understanding it requiring comprehensive observationscomprehensive observations

Comprehensive observations will improve our climate services Let’s work together for better life and a better world

Thanks for your attention !

The production of energy and population is The production of energy and population is evident in views of the world at nightevident in views of the world at night