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Wireless Pet Tracking and Wireless Pet Tracking and Containment SystemContainment System

Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Technology and Information Systems & TechnologyTechnology and Information Systems & Technology

Scott McNamaraScott McNamaraAdvisor: Professor HackAdvisor: Professor Hack

Senior DesignSenior DesignFall 2008Fall 2008

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OverviewOverview1. Problem Statement and Proposal2. Market Analysis3. Requirements and Specifications4. Implementation5. Regulatory Issues6. System Description7. Trade off Studies8. Required Resources9. Project Schedule10. Return of Investment11. Risk Analysis

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Problem StatementProblem StatementPets need to be kept in yards Pets that escape yards are often killed or injuredFences are ideal but cannot always be usedChains and runners don’t allow full yard use. They can also present choking dangers

www.pet-abuse.com

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ProposalProposal

Build a wireless system that creates Build a wireless system that creates a virtual fencea virtual fenceAllow user to set perimeter and Allow user to set perimeter and zones easilyzones easilyTrack petTrack pet’’s location and direction in s location and direction in the yard and out of the yardthe yard and out of the yardGive the pets an audible warning if Give the pets an audible warning if they approach any boundariesthey approach any boundaries

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Market AnalysisMarket Analysis--FencesFences

Neighborhood codes can restrict homeowners from building themCertain yard shapes make them impractical as a containment methodHomeowners may not appreciate a fence for aesthetic reasons

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Market AnalysisMarket Analysis--Buried Electrical Buried Electrical FencesFences

Certain yard shapes Certain yard shapes are not conducive are not conducive Requires cutting Requires cutting driveway or drilling driveway or drilling underneath to installunderneath to installBuried fences are Buried fences are difficult to move if difficult to move if neededneededAdding new zones Adding new zones requires digging up requires digging up existing wire and existing wire and splicing in new wiresplicing in new wire

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Market AnalysisMarket Analysis--wireless fenceswireless fencesRange selectable up to 90’ radius from base unitNo need for buried wires, accommodates any yard shapeOnly protects a circular patternCannot establish zones within the yardNo tracking if the animal does escape

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Market AnalysisMarket Analysis--Wireless pet Wireless pet containment and tracking systemcontainment and tracking systemUtilize GPS to create a virtual fenceAbility to create zones within the yardYard shape and obstacles are not a hindranceEasily able to change perimeters and add or take away zonesCan track pet if they do escape the yard

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RequirementsRequirementsSystem must be able to establish boundaries System must be able to establish boundaries that are easily set by the userthat are easily set by the userSystem must be able to locate animal in and System must be able to locate animal in and out of the yardout of the yardBase unit and dog unit must be able to Base unit and dog unit must be able to communicate without interferencecommunicate without interferenceDog unit must be able to gain the dogDog unit must be able to gain the dog’’s s attention without harming the animal if it is attention without harming the animal if it is approaching a boundaryapproaching a boundarySystem must be able to provide user with easy System must be able to provide user with easy to understand informationto understand information

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SpecificationsSpecifications--TrackingTracking2 high resolution GPS receivers with WAAS 2 high resolution GPS receivers with WAAS features. One for the base unit the other features. One for the base unit the other for the dog unit.for the dog unit.10 meter resolution with at least 20 10 meter resolution with at least 20 satellite tracking channelssatellite tracking channelsWAAS (wide area augmentation system) WAAS (wide area augmentation system) capabilities to bring resolution down to 1 capabilities to bring resolution down to 1 meter laterallymeter laterallyMany receivers exist that meet Many receivers exist that meet requirements, and are readily available.requirements, and are readily available.

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SpecificationsSpecifications--CommunicationsCommunicationsRadio system for each unit, either a transceiver or separate transmitter and receiverResistant to RF interferenceLow RF power in order to obey regulationsLow current draw to extend battery life of the unitLong range to provide tracking if the pet leaves the yardAbility to accept data and encode and decode the data

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SpecificationsSpecifications--Operating the Operating the system and information to the usersystem and information to the userGraphic LCD provides data to the user in an easy to understand GUIUser will be able to understand the data being presented quicklyUser will be able to select features easilyProgramming should be easy without cycling through several menus before the right menu is displayed.

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ImplementationImplementationDetermine parts that will be neededCalculate power required to operate each circuit, select batterySelect ports and pins needed for each componentProgram microcontroller to parse GPS informationProgram microcontroller to display information to GLCDProgram microcontroller to encode ASCII data and send it to transmitterProgram microcontroller to decode ASCII data from receiver, parse it and use the information

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ImplementationImplementation--ContinuedContinuedProgram microcontroller to accept input from current GPS location as one corner of a boundaryProgram microcontroller to set up the rest of the boundaryProgram microcontroller to recognize when the pet is approaching the boundary and send a signal to the pet collarBegin field tests with people to testWhen people field tests are successful begin animal tests

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Regulatory IssuesRegulatory Issues--RF RF transmissionstransmissions

FCC requirements must be followed for any transmitters in 902-908 MHz RangeRules are listed in CFR 47 Part 15Maximum fundamental field strength of 50,000 microvolts and 500 microvolts harmonics measured at 3 metersSpurious radiation attenuated to 50dB below fundamental harmonic or 200 microvolts below 960Mhz or 500 microvolts above 960MhzEquipment selected will meet these criteria

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Regulatory IssuesRegulatory Issues--Animal CrueltyAnimal Cruelty

Regulations set forth in Indiana Code IC 35-46-3Torture and mutilation of animals is a Class D felonyElectrocution (not defined) of an animal is a Class B misdemeanorNo shock stimulus will be given to the pet only an audible alert

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System DescriptionSystem DescriptionMicrocontroller will operate each unitC compiler used to program the microcontrollersTrig formulas to determine pet distance and direction from base unitGPS data is sent to each unitBase module will utilize the GPS to create the fence boundary and zone boundariesBase module will have a digital compass to determine pet direction

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System DescriptionSystem Description--ContinuedContinuedBase module will have a GLCD to display data and user programming, touch screen capabilities to reduce buttonsDigital transmitter and receiver in each unit to communicate data and instructions using Manchester encodingAudible buzzer system to indicate to animal that it is approaching the boundary areaAlert system on the base module to inform owner the pet has escaped

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Block DiagramBlock Diagram--Base moduleBase module

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Data Flow Diagram-Tracking Mode

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TradeoffTradeoff AnalysisAnalysis-- LCD displayLCD displayGraphic LCD vs. Character LCD• Graphic displays-more

intuitive to the user, colors and pictures are more pleasing

• Graphic displays-more difficult to program, more costly

• Graphic displays-touch screen functionality easier to implement

www.crystalfontz.com

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Tradeoff StudyTradeoff Study--MicrocontrollersMicrocontrollersPIC18F series Vs. PIC24FJ seriesPIC18F series Vs. PIC24FJ series

•• PIC18F less expensive, less setup parametersPIC18F less expensive, less setup parameters•• PIC18F 40PIC18F 40--DIP pins no soldering requiredDIP pins no soldering required•• PIC18F can be programmed with PICstart Plus Pic24FJ PIC18F can be programmed with PICstart Plus Pic24FJ

cannotcannot

•• PIC24FJ nonPIC24FJ non--banked architecture allows direct memory banked architecture allows direct memory addressingaddressing

•• PIC24FJ Precompiled graphics APIPIC24FJ Precompiled graphics API•• PIC24FJ Multiple USARTPIC24FJ Multiple USART•• PIC24FJ I2C and SPI usable simultaneouslyPIC24FJ I2C and SPI usable simultaneously•• PIC24FJ pins can be remappedPIC24FJ pins can be remapped•• PIC24FJ 7 levels of interrupts that can be nestedPIC24FJ 7 levels of interrupts that can be nested--

removes the requirement of needing an RTOSremoves the requirement of needing an RTOS

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ResourcesResources--MicrocontrollerMicrocontroller

PIC24FJ256GA11016MIPS256KB program Memory16385 bytes RAMOperates at 2 volts

www.microchip.com

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ResourcesResources--GLCDGLCDTFT-G240320UTSW-92W-TP-E 2.8”GLCDTouch screen capabilities240x320 pixels65535 colors

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ResourcesResources--Radio SystemRadio System

Linx Technologies HP3 transmitter and receiver1000’ range900MHZ, no license requiredFM Band, FSK allows more reliable transmission than AMSmall footprint www.linxtechnologies.com

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ResourcesResources--Digital CompassDigital CompassHitachi HM55B from parallaxStraight forward serial programmingPre-mounted on daughterboardTwo outputs (x & y axis)Used by microcontroller to determine pets relative heading when used with GPS

www.parallax.com

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ResourcesResources--OtherOther

GPS receiver-not yet chosen many available with the same features only price variesProgramming Microchip C30 Compiler-designed for PIC24 chip full functionalityMicrochip ICD2 programmerProteus Simulation software allows for virtual microcontroller creation and testing

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Project ScheduleProject ScheduleMost of the research is done alreadyDesign and build time will be minimal since little circuit design is required approximately 10 work days allocatedProgramming will take up a large portion of the projected 34 work days allocatedProject scheduled for completion 4/15/2009Additional week after scheduled completion date for any troubleshooting necessary

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Project ScheduleProject Schedule--Gantt ChartGantt Chart

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Return of InvestmentReturn of InvestmentProject benefits will be pride of accomplishment when it worksPractical purpose is yet to be realized due to the current limitations of GPS and battery lifeProof of concept could be applied to future projectsCould be used to track animals in the wild instead of radio beacon collarsCould also be applied to extremely large ranches if battery life could be greatly extended

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Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis

Large delay possible project incompletion

Low riskSpecification changes

Cost overruns, project delays

Low riskLost parts

Delays if defective parts cause other part failures

Medium riskReplacing defective parts

Variable delay until cause is determined and remedied

Medium riskBlown power regulator

Slight delay until circuit is analyzed and wired correctly

Medium riskImproperly wired parts

One or more modules of the project will not work properly

High riskImproper coding

Project ResultsProbability of OccurringRisk Event

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Questions?Questions?