Wireless Data Mobile Network Architecture and...
Transcript of Wireless Data Mobile Network Architecture and...
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
Wireless Data Mobile Wireless Data Mobile Network Architecture and Network Architecture and
TechnologyTechnology
2001. 2. 15.
이영찬
SK Telecom
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
1 Wireless Data Mobile Network
1 cdma2000 1X
1 gmsGPRS 와 umtsGPRS
1 GPRS & Mobile IP
1 EDGE & 1X EV-DO/DV
1EDGE
11X EV-DO
11X EV-DV
1 UMTS Data Network 구성 및 진화
1 Conclusion
목차
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
Wireless Data Mobile Network(1)2G2G 3G3G
9.6 ~14.4Kbps 144Kbps(307.2Kbps)
64Kbps (115.2Kbps)
9.6Kbps
IS-95A IS-95B
EDGE
GPRSGSM
PDC
cdma2000 1X
HSCSD
IMT-2000 MCcdma2000 3x
IMT-2000 DS(UMTS)
28.8Kbps (57.6Kbps)
115.2Kbps(171.2Kbps)
384Kbps (473.6Kbps)
144~2Mbps
PDC-P9.6Kbps 28.8Kbps
1X EV-DO/DV
144~2Mbps
621Kbps(2.457Mbps)
1.2Mbps(5.184Mbps)
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
Wireless Data Mobile Network(2)2G2G 3G3G
IS-95A IS-95B
EDGE
GPRSGSM
PDC
cdma2000 1X
HSCSD
IMT-2000 MCcdma2000 3x
IMT-2000 DS(UMTS)
1.25(MHz)
PDC-P
1X EV-DO /DV
CDMA
TDMA
25KHz
1.25(MHz) x 3
25(KHz) x 4
25(KHz) x 8
25(KHz) x 8
1.25(MHz) 1.25(MHz) 1.25(MHz)
5(MHz)
25KHz
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
Single ChannelPeak Rate
ChannelConc.
Average Data Throughput
Technology
11/16
Wireless Data Mobile Network(3)Multi-Channel
Peak Rate
153.6 Kbps 1 150 Kbpscdma2000 1X(Phase 1)
153.6 Kbps
307.2 Kbps 2 415 Kbpscdma2000 1X(Rel. A)
614.4 Kbps
21.4 Kbps 8 115 KbpsgsmGPRS(200KHz) 171.2 Kbps
2.072 Mbps 3(6) 1117 Kbpscdma2000 3X MC 2.072 Mbps
2.048 Mbps 1 1126 KbpsW-CDMA(5MHz)
(umtsGPRS)2.048 Mbps
2.457 Mbps(153.6 Kbps)
1 621 Kbpscdma2000 1X EV-DO(HDR)
-
345.6 Kbps 15 1.2 Mbpscdma2000 1X EV-DV(1XTREME)
5.184 Mbps(614.4 Kbps)
59.2 Kbps 8 384 KbpsEDGE(200KHz) 473.6 Kbps
** 규격 기반의 자료로 실제 상용 장비는 현재최소 규격만을 만족
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
cdma2000 1X
데이터 서비스• 1X RTT : 144kbps • 패킷 데이터 지원 : MAC기능
Description
시스템 용량• Increased by 1.5 - 2 times (IS-95A/B 비교)• Code 채널 수 : 128 Walsh/1X
단말기
대기시간• 2배(Quick Paging 채널을 이용)
전력제어 • 고속 순방향 전력제어 (800Hz)
구 분
TX Scheme • 역방향 Continuous Transmission, Biomedical 간섭 최소
OTD • Orthogonal Code를 이용한 송신 다이버시티
변조방식 • Turbo Code Data QPSK, Complex PN Spreading
역방향 호환성 • 95A/95B시스템과의 호환성 지원
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
Phase 1 Peak Data Rate = 153.6kbps; Throughput/Capacity = 150kbps
Release APeak Data Rate = 614.4kbps (2 channel concatenation)Throughput/Capacity = 415kbpsFlexibility to Deploy Data Only Carriers to Maximize End-User Data Rates
Backward Compatible with IS-95A/BSupports seamless handoffs between A/B/1X, carrier overlay, and overflow of both voice and data through load management
Supports Voice, Mixed Voice/Data, and Real-Time 2-Way Services on a Single CarrierDynamically Optimizes Data Capacity Based on Underlying Voice Utilization
Extension of IS-95B commercial deployments
cdma2000 1X
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
H o m e I P Ne two r k
R A D I U S
Mob i l e S t a t i on
H A V i s i t ed Access P rov i de r Ne two r k
V L R HLR
R A D I U S
SS7Ne two r k
IPNe two r k
P D S NR N
Home I P Ne two r k , P r i v a t e Ne two r k ,
Home Access P r o v i d e r N e two r k
R-P I n t e r f ace
H o m e A c c e s sP rov i de r Ne two r k
R A D I U S
B roke rNe two r k
<Mobile IP 참조 모델>
cdma2000 1X Data Network
11
22
33
44
5,105,10
66
77
88
99
** 1x EV-DO는 데이터 전용서비스로 ESN(Electronic Serial Number-일명 hexa)이 없이가입자의 id와 password만으로 인증을
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
Packet Data Dormant State
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
gsmGPRS(GPRS Phase 1)
umtsGPRS(GPRS Phase 2, GPRS EV)
항목
IP & X.25 IP 위주Fixed Network
Non Real-time Packet(순수한 Data Service)
Real-time Packet 포함(Packet 영상통화도 가능)
Service
Rel. 97 (GSM Phase 2+) Rel. 99, Rel. 4, 5Standard
200 KHz (TDMA) 5 MHz (CDMA)Access
BSC + PCU (Gb) RNC (Iu-PS)-
SGSN ó GGSN RNC óGGSNGTP
11/16
gsmGPRS 와 umtsGPRS 비교
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
SMS-GMSCSMS-IWMSC
SGSNBSSMTTE GGSN PDN TE
GGSN
Other PLMN
SM-SC
HLRMSC/VLR
EIR
E C
Gd
D
Gr
GcGsA
Gn
Gb
UmR GiGp Gf
Signalling Interface
Signalling and Data Transfer Interface
SGSN
Gn
GSM
GPRS
other
gsmGPRS Reference Model
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
gsmGPRS FeaturesKey User Features of GPRS
Nonvoice value added serviceSpeed : 14.4 Kbps x 8 timeslots = 115.2 Kbps
Immediacy : 0.5 ~ 1 sec
Quality of Service
Key Network Features of GPRSPacket SwitchingSpectrum Efficiency
• GSM and GPRS share the same radio resources
Internet Aware• End-to-end IP delivery
Support SMS and Paging
Support GSM and TDMA(IS-136)
Designed to support IP and X25
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
gsmGPRS LimitationsLimitations of GPRS
Limited Cell CapacitySpeeds much Lower in Reality : 30 ~ 50 Kbps
Transit Delays
no Store and ForwardQoS improvement needed
• GPRS was not design to provide Real Time services.
• Impossible to have different QoS IP flows within one PDP context activation
Mobile-specific standard• difficult integration with fixed IP networks and standards (IP Mobility, IP QoS).
• The mobile network operator could experience a difficult interoperability with Internet and miss the opportunity of using cheaper and fast evolving IP products
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
ApplicationApplication
IP / X.25IP / X.25
SNDCPSNDCP
LLCLLC
RLCRLC
MACMAC
GSM PLGSM PL
SNDCPSNDCP
BSSGPBSSGP
L1bisL1bis
RLCRLC
MACMAC
GSM PLGSM PL
LLC RelayLLC Relay
L2L2
L1L1
L2L2
L1L1
UDP/IPUDP/IP
GTPGTP
IP / X.25IP / X.25
UmUm GbGb GnGn GiGiMSMS BSSBSS SGSNSGSN GGSNGGSN
FrameFrameRelayRelay
FrameFrameRelayRelay
BSSGPBSSGP
L1bisL1bis
LLCLLC
GTPGTP
UDP/IPUDP/IPLLC Tunnel(virtual circuits)LLC Tunnel(virtual circuits)
GTP TunnelGTP Tunnel
IPIP
gsmGPRS User Plane
IP end to end / X.25 end to endIP end to end / X.25 end to end
To support in the same way IP and X.25 dataNot fully optimized for IP dataGTP was designed for this
heavy 3 layer protocol stack
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
Local areanetwork
Server
Router
Local areanetwork
Server
Router
Corporate 2
Corporate 1
Intra-PLMNbackbonenetwork(IP based)
Serving GPRSSupport Node(SGSN)
Gateway GPRSSupport Node(GGSN)
GPRS INFRASTRUCTURE
HLR/AuC
MSC
RNCNode B Packet
networkPSTN
PacketnetworkSS7Network
Packetnetwork
Datanetwork(Internet)
Packetnetwork
Inter-PLMNBackbonenetwork
Border Gateway (BG)
Iu
Gr Gd
Gi.IP
Firewall
Firewall
Uu
SMS-GMSC
Gr Gd
Gs
Gs
Gp
Gn
Gn
EIR
MAP-F
Iu
Gc
umtsGPRS Network
IGSN : Integrated SGSN/GGSN, SGSN : Serving GPRS Support NodeGGSN : Gateway GPRS Support Node, BG : Border Gateway
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
umtsGPRS FeaturesKey User Features of GPRS
((NonvoiceNonvoice value added service) value added service) VoIP Support
(Speed : 14.4 Kbps x 8 timeslots = 115.2 Kbps)(Speed : 14.4 Kbps x 8 timeslots = 115.2 Kbps) 144 Kbps ~ 2 Mbps
Immediacy : 0.5 ~ 1 sec
Quality of Service
Key Network Features of GPRSPacket SwitchingSpectrum Efficiency
•• (GSM and GPRS)(GSM and GPRS) PS and CS share the same radio resources
Internet Aware• End-to-end IP delivery
Support SMS and Paging
Support GSM and TDMA(IS-136)
Designed to support IP and X25
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
umtsGPRS LimitationsLimitations of GPRS
(Limited Cell Capacity)(Limited Cell Capacity) Built-in support for future capacity enhancements• Adaptive antennas
• Advanced receiver structures : Interference cancellation, MUD
Speeds much Lower in Reality : 30 ~ 50 Kbps
(Transit Delays)(Transit Delays) Low Delays : 10ms frame lengthno Store and Forward
QoS improvement needed•• (GPRS was not)(GPRS was not) UMTS was designed to provide Real Time services.
•• (Impossible to have different (Impossible to have different QoSQoS IP flows within one PDP context activation)IP flows within one PDP context activation)High service flexibility with support of multiple parallel variable rate services on one connection : variable spreading and multi-code operation
Mobile-specific standard•• (difficult integration with fixed IP networks and standards : IP(difficult integration with fixed IP networks and standards : IP Mobility, IP Mobility, IP QoSQoS))
• GPRS and Mobile IP Integration (future)
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
ApplicationApplication
IP, PPPIP, PPP
PDCPPDCPBMCBMC
L2L2
L1L1
L2L2
L1L1
UDP/IPUDP/IP
GTPGTP--UU
IP,PPPIP,PPP
UuUu Iu Iu PSPS GnGn GiGiMSMS UTRANUTRAN 3G3G--SGSNSGSN 3G3G--GGSNGGSN
UDP/IPUDP/IP
GTP TunnelGTP Tunnel
IPIP
umtsGPRS User Plane
IP end to endIP end to end
AAL5AAL5
ATMATM
UDP/IPUDP/IP
AAL5AAL5
ATMATM
GTPGTP--UU
UDP/IPUDP/IP
MACMAC
L1L1
PDCPPDCPBMCBMC
RLCRLC
RelayRelay
MACMAC
L1L1
RLCRLC
GTPGTP--UUGTPGTP--UU
RelayRelay
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
GPRS Mobile IP(over cdma2000 1x)
항목
IP, X.25 IP Only (Internet Aware)Support
IP / GTP / UDP / IP(heavy 3 layer protocol stack)
Mobile IP / IPProtocol
Mobile Specific Standard IETF StandardStandard
RNC, SGSN, GGSN PCF, PDSN(FA), HA서비스 엔터티
Iu-PS R-P(A10, A11)PS Domain
Interface
GPRS망 내의 PTM-SC (1) IP상의 IGMPMulticast
3GPP TS 23.060 3GPP2 IOS표준 규격
11/16
GPRS 와 Mobile IP 비교
(1) GPRS 네트웍에서 PTM(Point-to-Multipoint) 서비스를 지원하는 PTM-SC(PTM Service Center)
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
Externaldata
networkBSCBTS GGSNSGSN
HLR
Gb Gn
Gr
Abis
Gs
Gi
VLR
MSC
GSM & GPRS
FA
Externaldata
networkRNCNodeB IGSN
Iu-PSIubIPMobile
IPHA
UMTS
GPRS and Mobile IP Integration
GPRS : micro-mobility MIP : macro-mobility
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
EDGE cdma2000 1x EV-DO cdma2000 1x EV-DV항목
200 KHz 1.25 MHz 1.25 MHzChannel
Size
Best effort Data Only Best effort Data Only Mixed Voice & DataServices
470 Kbps downlink2.457 Mbps downlink153.6 Kbps uplink
5.184 Mbps downlink614.4 kbps uplink
Peak date rate
No No YesCompatible
with 2G
8-PSKQPSK, 8-PSK 16-QAM
QPSK, 8-PSK 16-QAM, 64-QAM
Modulation
SGSN ó GGSN Not supported Same as IS-95/IS-2000Voice
Hand-off
BSC + PCUF:fast cell selectionR:soft
F:fast cell selectionR:soft
Data Hand-off
TDMA TDMA (+ CDMA) CDMAMultipleAccess
11/16
EDGE 와 1X EV 비교
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
EDGEEDGE(Enhanced Data rates for the GSM and TDMA Evolution)
기존 주파수에서 멀티미디어, IP 서비스를 384Kbps로 제공
타임 슬롯당 48Kbps의 속도로 최대 69.2Kbps까지 제공
GSM 표준인 GMSK(Gaussian prefiltered minimum shift keying)이 아닌 8-PSK(8-phase shift keying ) Modulation 방식 사용으로 data rate가 3배 높다.
EDGE와 GPRS를 결합함으로써 무선망 활용을향상시키며 2001년 상용서비스 실현을 목표로 개발
로직 채널 및 200KHz 주파수 대역폭을 이용하므로 기존 셀계획을 그대로사용해 약간의 하드웨어와 소프트웨어의 변경만으로사용
EDGE는 GSM사업자뿐 아니라 TDMA방식 「IS-136(D-AMPS)」의 차기시스템으로서도 이용 가능한 사양으로 유럽과미국에서 합의
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
• A new modulation Scheme- 8PSK
• 200 KHz Channel spacing- unchanged
• Symbol rate unchanged- 270k symbol/sBUT- 3 bits/symbol
Rate Code RateCS1 9.05kb/s 0.5CS2 13.4kb/s 0.66CS3 15.6kb/s 0.75CS4 21.4kb/s 1.0GMSK (1 bit/s/symbol)
GPRSGPRS
Rate Code RateMCS5 22.4 kb/s 0.37MCS6 29.6 kb/s 0.49MCS7 44.8 kb/s 0.76MCS8 59.2 kb/s 1.00
8-PSK (3 bit/s/symbol)
GMSK (1 bit/s/symbol)
Rate Code RateMCS1 8.8 kb/s 0.53MCS2 11.2 kb/s 0.66MCS3 14.8 kb/s 0.80MCS4 17.6 kb/s 1.00
EDGE = GMSK + PSK
EDGEEDGE
EDGE - Key AspectsEDGE EDGE -- Key AspectsKey Aspects
Coding Rates for EDGE & GPRS
자료 : Motorola
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
Peak Data Rate = 2.4MbpsThroughput/Capacity = 620kbps
HDR is a Creative Technical Solution for Web Browsing Services –demonstrated in trials
HDR is Limited to Bursty, Non-Real Time 1-Way ServicesCannot support voice, mixed voice & data, or real time 2-way services
Functionality limited by inherently large round-trip delays
Requires a Dedicated Data Carrier Throughout NetworkCannot seamlessly handoff to IS-95A/B or 1X systems
Roaming requires tri mode mobiles (IS95A/B, 1X and HDR)
HDR is a Hybrid CDMA/TDMA TechnologyHDR Initial Chipsets Planned only for Data Devices, Not mixed Handsets
cdma2000 1X EV-DO (HDR)
자료 : Motorola
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
Peak Data Rate = 5.2Mbps; Throughput/Capacity = 1.2MbpsPeak rate achieved through 15 channel concatenation
Adaptive technologies greatly improve peak rates and capacity• Adaptive Scheduling
– Optimize scheduling to support data only or mixed services– Trade peak data capacity in support of mixed services
• Adaptive Modulation and Coding– High Data Rate Carrier in 1.25MHz bandwidth
– 64 QAM ( ~5 Mbps peak), 16 QAM (~2.7 Mbps peak)– Turbo codes : Error correction near theoretical limit– Explicit Information Bit Rate Detection
• Adaptive Hybrid ARQ– Automatically adapts to instantaneous channel conditions– Enabled by novel Dual Channel Stop-and-Wait Hybrid ARQ
• Adaptive Multi-code Allocation– Code Division Multiplex packets from different users within a frame
– Multiple codes for a single user within a frame supports peak data rates
cdma2000 1X EV-DV (1XTREME)
자료 : Motorola
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
• Adaptive Cell Site Selection– Fast selection replaces forward link soft handoff for 1XTREME terminals– Reduced interference leads to increased capacity
• Adaptive Antennas– Downlink Tx Diversity (Space Time Block Coding)– Uplink and Downlink Rx Antenna Diversity option
Backward Compatible with IS-95A/B and 1XSupports handoffs between A/B/1X/1XTREME, carrier overlay, and overflow of both voice and data through load management
Supports Voice, Mixed Voice/Data, and Real-Time 2-Way Services
Dynamically Optimizes Data Capacity Based on Underlying Voice Utilization
cdma2000 1X EV-DV (1XTREME)
자료 : Motorola
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
Downlink:5.184 Mbps peak info rate with 64 QAM
Uplink:460.8 Kbps, 307.2 Kbps, 153.6 Kbps, 76.8 Kbps, 38.4 Kbps, 19.2 Kbps, 9.6 Kbps
Info Rate (Mbps)
Packet Size
Info Rate (Mbps)
Packet Size
6 5.1840 25920 0.3456 1728 3/4 645 3.4560 17280 0.2304 1152 1/2 644 3.4560 17280 0.2304 1152 3/4 163 2.3040 11520 0.1536 768 1/2 162 1.7280 8640 0.1152 576 3/4 41 1.1520 5760 0.0768 384 1/2 4
Modulation15 codes 1 code
MCS Code rate
Mod = 64 Mod = 64 Mod = 16 Mod = 16 Mod = 4 Mod = 4Rate = 3/4 Rate = 1/2 Rate = 3/4 Rate = 1/2 Rate = 3/4 Rate = 1/2
Codes = 15 Codes = 15 Codes = 15 Codes = 15 Codes = 15 Codes = 15
123
1.1520.5760.384
5.184 3.456 3.456 2.304 1.7282.592 1.728 0.864
0.5761.728 1.152
1.728 1.152 1.152 0.768
# of Attempts
Effective Information Bit Rate (Mbps)
자료 : Motorola
1XTREME Peak Data Rates
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
망 구성 방안
상용 시점에 따라서 3GPP R’99 또는 R4 / R5 기반으로 구성
GSM 및 gsmGPRS 고유의 기능을위한 Overhead 제거
• 2G GSM과의 연동 및 Backward Compatibility를 위해 존재하는 부분 제거
• umtsGPRS 부분만 적용 (3GPP 표준 준수하는 범위에서)
UTRAN 부분은 ATM 기반
• All IP로 진화하면 Pure IP로 바뀌는 것이 효률적
Core Network 부분은 Pure IP 기반
문제점
umtsGPRS망과 cdma2000 1x DCN의 연동 및 결합
• 공통 Node (AAA, HA, Charging Server … ..)의 구성방안
• UMTS MAP과 IS-41 MAP의 차이
• 설계 단계에서 발생한 Service Profile (QoS … ) 차이
• 2G HLR, SCP, SMSC등 Nodes와 3G Nodes• IS-95A/B Data Network과의 Roaming 문제
진화 절차 및 단계
• 상용화 된 망의 규모에 따라 새로운 Architecture 도입 판단
UMTS Data Network 구성
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
GfGi
Iu-ps
GiMr
Gi
Ms
Gi
R UuMGW
Gn
Gc
Gp
TE MT UTRAN
GrOther PLMN
SGSN
GGSN
GGSN
EIR
SGSN
Gn
MGCF
R-SGW
MRF
MultimediaIP Networks
PSTN/Legacy/External
Applications &Services *)
Mm
Mw
Legacy mobilesignalingNetwork
Mc
Cx
AlternativeAccess
Network
Mh
CSCF
CSCF
Mg
T-SGW *)
HSS *)
HSS *)
Applications& Services *)
SCP
CAP
PDSN M-IP HARANMTTE
R Um R-P M-IP
IGSN(FA)
M-IP
SCP
Gi
CSCF
MRF
Gi
Pi
Signalling and Data Transfer Interface
Signalling Interface
cdma2000 1x
UMTS
Wireless Data Network 의 진화
CSCF Call State Control FunctionHSS Home Subscriber ServerMGCF Media Gateway Control FunctionMGW Media GatewayMRF Media Resource FunctionR-SGW Roaming Signalling GatewaySCP Service Control PointT-SGW Transport Signalling Gateway
SK Telecom 이영찬 HSN 2001
Conclusion
Core TechnologyGPRS와 Mobile IP의 결합
All IP Network으로 진화
Radio Spectrum 효율이 혁신적으로 개선 (smart antenna와 같은beam forming application)QoS / CoS
Internet 기술과 Wireless Data Network의 결합
향후 과제
Multimedia ContentsOperator의 전략
• 통화료
• Roaming
• 서비스 차별화
다양한 Terminals