Wing morphology: aerial specialists vs. infrequent fliers
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Transcript of Wing morphology: aerial specialists vs. infrequent fliers
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Wing morphology: aerial specialists vs. infrequent fliers
Aerial specialist (a tern)
Infrequent fliers (a quail)
Intermediate (ca. 90% of all birds)
Long primary extension
Short or no primary extension
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Tail morphology: climbing tailTop: a honeyguide (Indicatoridae); sister family to Picidae, with no tail modifications.
Bottom: a woodpecker with broad, stiff shafts of rectrices, reduced barbs at tips.
Subfamily Picinae: ca. 190 species
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Tail morphology: climbing tailTop: world’s largest toucan (Ramphastidae) with with no tail modifications
Bottom: world’s largest woodpecker (Imperial Woodpecker, sadly extinct), with broad, stiff shafts of rectrices, reduced barbs at tips.
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Tail morphology: climbing tailTop: a woodcreeper (Furnariidae) with broad, stiff shafts of rectrices, reduced barbs at tips.
Bottom: a foliage-gleaner (also in Furnariidae), with no tail modifications.
Subfamily Dendrocolaptinae: ca. 45 species
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Tail morphology: climbing tail
Top: a Brown Creeper (Certhiidae; 8 species) with broad, stiff shafts of rectrices, reduced barbs at tips.
Bottom: a House Wren, with no tail modifications.
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Tail morphology: reduced tail (associated with infrequent flight)Tinamiformes: tinamous (47 spp.)
Galliformes: Odontophoridae (33 species)
Galliformes: Phasianidae: pheasants and partridges (120+ species)
Galliformes: Megapodiidae: megapodes (22 spp.)
Galliformes: Numididae: guinea-fowl (6 spp.)
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Tail morphology: reduced tail (associated with infrequent flight)
Charadriiformes: Pedionomidae: Plains-wanderer (1 species)
Gruiformes; Rallidae (145 spp.) Otidiformes: bustards (26 spp.)
Charadriiformes: Thinocoridae: seedsnipe (4 species)
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Charadriiformes: Turnicidae: button-quails (16 spp.)
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Tail morphology: reduced tail (associated with infrequent flight) -- PasseriformesPittidae: pittas (30 spp.)
Grallariidae: antpittas (50 spp.)
Zeledonidae: Wrenthrush (1 species)
Rhinocryptidae: tapaculos (50+ spp.)
Formicariidae: Atnthrushes (12 spp.)
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Tail morphology: reduced tail (associated with infrequent flight) -- Passeriformes
Timaliidae: Napothera, Pnoepyga (11 spp.) Acanthisittidae: New Zealand Wrens (4 spp.)
Elachuridae: 1 species
Estrildidae: quailfinches Ortygospiza (3 spp.)