Wind Atlas for Egypt: measurements, micro- and mesoscale modelling Niels G. Mortensen, Jake Badger &...
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Transcript of Wind Atlas for Egypt: measurements, micro- and mesoscale modelling Niels G. Mortensen, Jake Badger &...
Wind Atlas for Egypt: measurements, micro- and mesoscale modelling
Niels G. Mortensen, Jake Badger & J. Carsten Hansen
Wind Energy Department
Risø National Laboratory
2006 EWEC
1 March 2006
Acknowledgements
The ”Wind Atlas for Egypt” is the result of a team effort:• New and Renewable Energy Authority, Cairo
• Laila Georgy Youssef (PM), Usama Said Said, Ashour Abd El-Salam Moussa, Mohammad Akmal Mahmoud
• Egyptian Meteorological Authority, Cairo• Ahmed El Sayed Yousef (PM), Adel Mahmoud Awad,
Mahmoud Abd-El Raheem Ahmed, Mohamed A.M. Sayed, Mohamed Hussein Korany, Metwally Abd-El Baky Tarad
• Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde• Bo H. Jørgensen, Charlotte B. Hasager, Uwe S. Paulsen,
Ole F. Hansen, Karen Enevoldsen• Funding provided by NREA, EMA and Danida• Support provided by NREA, EMA and Risø staff
Wind Atlas for Egypt overview
• Meteorological measurements• Design and installation of 22 met. stations• Site selection, O&M and data analysis• Rehabilitation and recalibration of anemometers
• Micro-scale modelling (WAsP)• Terrain descriptions for 30+ met. station sites• WAsP modelling of 30+ met. stations sites
• Meso-scale modelling (KAMM)• NCEP/NCAR wind climatologies• Terrain descriptions for all of Egypt• KAMM modelling of Egypt and 4 regions
• Verification – measurements and models• Compilation and publication of Wind Atlas for Egypt
Meteorological mast in Zafarana
25-m lattice tower, concrete foundation Top-pole mounting to avoid flow distortion
Hurghada Cup Anemometer Calibration Facility
10 anemometers being calibrated – reference anemometer in middle position:
Microscale modelling
• Analysis procedure (WAsP)
Observed Wind Climate
+ sheltering obstacles
+ roughness map (GE, SWBD)
+ elevation map (SRTM 3) Regional Wind Climate
• Application procedure (WAsP)
Regional Wind Climate
+ sheltering obstacles
+ roughness map
+ elevation map Predicted Wind Climate
+ power and thrust curves Predicted wind farm AEP
Katamaya elevation map from SRTM 3 data
2020 km with 10-m contours
22 km with 1-m contours
Alexandria roughness map from Google Earth
SRTM Water BodyData coastline
Egyptian regional wind climates
• 30 met. stations
• WAsP modelling
• Graph shows RWC
• Mean wind speedand power density 50 m a.g.l.
• Flat, uniform terrain with z0 = 0.03 m
• Output format: WAsP *.lib file
• Weibull A and k
• Standard heights
• Standard z0
Gulf of Suez regional wind climates
• Graph shows RWC
• Mean wind speedand power density 50 m a.g.l.
• Flat, uniform terrain with z0 = 0.03 m
Probably the best wind farm site in the world…
Hub height 50 m:
U > 11 ms-1
P > 1100 Wm-2
CF ~ 70%
FLH ~ 6000 h
100’s of km2…
Mesoscale modelling
• KAMM modelling
NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data
+ roughness map (GLCC)
+ elevation map (GTOPO30) KAMM Predicted Wind Climate
• Inverse application procedure
KAMM Predicted Wind Climate
+ terrain descriptions Regional Wind Climate
• Application procedure (WAsP)
Regional Wind Climate
+ terrain descriptions Predicted Wind Climate
+ power and thrust curves Predicted wind farm AEP
New wind resource map of Egypt
• Map shows PWC
• KAMM modelling
• Resolution 7.5 km
• Mean wind speed50 m a.g.l. [ms-1]
• NCEP/NCAR data
• GTOPO30 elevation
• GLCC land cover
• Terrain features may give higher wind speeds locally!
• Output formats:
• map graphics
• statistics
…and Egyptian offshore wind resources
• Map shows PWC
• KAMM modelling
• Resolution 7.5 km
• Mean wind speed50 m a.g.l. [ms-1]
Regional wind climate
• Map shows RWC
• Wind climate over flat, uniform terrain
• KAMM modelling
• Resolution 7.5 km
• Mean wind speed50 m a.g.l. [ms-1]
• Database of RWC’s
• Output format: WAsP *.lib file
• Weibull A and k
• Standard heights
• Standard z0’s
Verification: Western Desert
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
NWA wind speed [m/s]
WA
sP w
ind
sp
eed
[m
/s]
Abu Simbel
Asswan
Dakla South
Kharga
Shark El-Ouinat
1:1
Verification – Gulf of Suez
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NWA wind speed [m/s]
WA
sP
win
d s
pe
ed
[m
/s]
Abu Darag
Abu Darag NW
Gulf of-El-Zayt
Hurghada WETC
St. Paul
Zafarana M7
Zafarana
El-Zayt NW
1:1
Ras Sedr
Katamaya
Ras Ghareb
Verification – summary
Domain Grid size Mean abs. error Mean abs. error
All stations Selected stations
[km] [%] [%]
Western Egypt 7.5 12.4
Eastern Egypt 7.5 7.6
Northwest Coast 5.0 5.2
Western Desert 5.0 3.1
Gulf of Suez 5.0 9.4 5.6
Red Sea 5.0 10.5 4.4
Wind Farm Planning
Wind Atlasfor Egypt
Bird MigrationAtlas
Maps &other data
§§Legislation
Masterplans
EIAGUIDELINESAPPROVALS
The future…
• Numerical wind atlas (KAMM/WAsP)• Long-term data (1968-95) – infrequent updating ok
• Observational wind atlas• Some reference met. stations should continue• New measurement programmes may be initiated• Cup anemometers must be rehabilitated and recalibrated• Databases can be updated and extended• Wind Atlas for Egypt can be updated
• Conclusions• wind ressource assessment, siting and wind farm planning
can now be done within hours anywhere in Egypt• present approach to wind resource assessment and siting in
Egypt may be continued for several years