Wild Wireless What's New and Different?

Philip Scott

Xirrus, Northern Region and

Canada Director

Philip.scott@xirrus.com

203-247-4412

Agenda

• Wireless Evolution

• Understanding 802.11 Operation

– 802.11a / 802.11n / 802.11ac / 802.11ad

• Understanding Client Capabilities

• Gigabit Wi-Fi Use Cases

• Planning for Gigabit Wireless

• HotSpot 2.0

• Summary

• Xirrus – Engineered for Gigabit

Wireless Growth • Christmas 2011 Day Activations

– ~ 7 Million

• Daily Activations

– IOS – 450,000+ (est.)

– Android – 750,000+ (est.)

• Consumer Device in the Enterprise

– 90% of organizations allow some level of personal BYOD today

– By 2014 some 90% of organizations will support

• What's Coming in 2015

– > 7.1 billion mobile devices in service

• Mobile phones with Wi-Fi = 800+ million

– 802.11ac devices

• 0 in 2011 - 1 billion in 2015

• 100% mobile hotspots support 11ac Source: in-Stat

6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Quarters After Launch

Glo

ba

l Cu

mu

lati

ve

Un

it S

hip

me

nts

(M

M)

Android Global Units Shipped

Android has Hit Critical Mass

First 9 Quarters Cumulative Android Unit Shipments

Source: Gartner.

Device Growth

Source: KPCB

Traffic Growth

How much data is an exabyte? It's

a billion gigabytes -.

Application Growth

Wireless Technologies

1-2Mbps

65Mbps 54Mbps

802.11 11b 11a 11g 802.11n 802.11ac 802.11ad

11Mbps

125Mbps

300Mbps

450Mbps

600Mbps

200+Mbps

433Mbps

866Mbps

1.3Gbps

6.9Gbps

7Gbps+

802.11 Timeline

Wi-Fi Standards Evolution

802.11

b

11Mbps

802.11n

600Mbps

802.11g

54Mbps

802.11ac

>1Gbps

2013 1998 1999 2000 2002 2003 2004 2008 2009 2012 2011

2.4GHz

5GHz

• Faster >1 Gbps Wi-Fi standards coming in the next couple years

• New standards are at 5GHz and beyond

1997

802.11

2Mbps

802.11ad

>5Gbps 60GHz

802.11a

54Mbps

802.11n

300Mbps

5GHz has 7X the bandwidth of 2.4GHz

• 2.4GHz Bandwidth = 3 lane road

• 5GHz Bandwidth = 21 lane freeway

675Mbps Total

Bandwidth

4.7Gbps Total

Bandwidth

Wi-Fi Operation: 802.11a/g

• SISO

– Single Input Single Output

• Single Data Stream

• Multipath Degrades Signal

• Data Rates

– Computed per packet (rating algorithms)

• Dependent on signal strength (RSSI)

• Signal to Noise (SNR)

• Packet Error Rate

• Acks

Wi-Fi Operation: 802.11n

• MIMO

• Spatial Multiplexing

• Channel Bonding

• MAC Improvements

• Improved Data Rates - Device capabilities will vary

– 65Mbps base rate

– 150Mbps, 300Mbps, 450Mbps ,600Mbps

802.11ac Characteristics • 5GHz only (standard) 2.4GHz ???

• Wider RF Channels: 80MHz and 160MHz

• Spatial Streams: 1 to 8

• 256QAM – ~30% more efficient

• Battery efficiency – faster transmit = more ‘sleep’ time

• Data Rates

Spatial

Streams

Channel

Width

Data Rate Throughput

1 80 433Mbps 220-250Mbps

2 80 866Mbps TBD

3 80X 1.3Gbps TBD

…. .. … …

8 160 6.9Gbps TBD

802.11ac Operation: MU-MIMO

Source: eetimes.com

11ac, with MU-MIMO improves aggregate network

operation, not just link speed.

• 866Mbps Link

• 433Mbps Link

• 433Mbps Link

1.7Gbps Aggregate

802.11ac Use Cases

• Standard Upgrade for 11a/n solutions

• BYOD Enablement

• Point to point links

• Home/Consumer Market – Desktop display, projection TV, gaming, camcorder to display,

broadcast TV

• HDTV – Home/office video streaming, medical imaging files,

• Upload/Download/Backup – High speed transfer, home, office business, video systems

• Backhaul – Multimedia and point to point

Consumer Class Products

Now

Enterprise Class Products (Certified)

1st Generation

• WFA Target – Q1 2013

• 3 Spatial Streams

• 40 & 80 MHz channels

2nd Generation

• 1H-2014

• xx Spatial Streams

• 160 MHz channels

• MU-MIMO

802.11ac:Availability

802.11ad Characteristics • 60GHz (57-66 GHz) –

– no backwards compatibility issues

– Limited interference

• 8GHz of unlicensed spectrum

– Four, 2.16GHz-wide channels,

– Other Multiple channel (3, 4, 12, …) and channel bonding options

• High path-loss – advantage for spatial reuse

• Directional/Beamforming Antennas Systems

• Data Rates

– 385Mbps to 6.8Gbps

802.11ad Use Cases

• Home/Consumer Market – Desktop display, projection TV,

gaming, camcorder to display,

broadcast TV

• HDMI Cable Replacement

• HDTV – Home/office video streaming,

medical imaging files,

• Upload/Download/Backup – High speed transfer, home, office

business, video systems

• Backhaul – Multimedia and point to point

• Manufacturing floor

Source: WildPackets

Different devices operate distinct from each other on wireless

Device 2.4GHz 5GHz Max Rate Survey Criteria

POS scanner X X 54Mbps Varies

Location tags X NA > -60dBm

Media Players (iPod Touch) X 65Mbps > -65dBm

Smartphones (iPhone) X Few 65Mbps > -65dBm

Tablets – low end (Kindle) X 65Mbps > -65dBm

Tablets – mid/high end (iPad) X X 65Mbps > -65dBm

Netbooks X Some 300Mbps > -70dBm

Laptops X X 300Mbps > -70dBm

Wireless Device Capability

Wi-Fi Client Capacity- Reality = 2.4GHz

= 5GHz 300Mbps

65Mbps

65Mbps

300Mbps

52Mbps

13Mbps

13Mbps

45Mbps

6.5Mbps

13Mbps

120Mbps

52Mbps

2.4G and 5G

300Mbps Max

2.4G and 5G

65Mbps Max

2.4G only

65Mbps Max

=

=

=

In a Wi-Fi network, the user data rates varies with distance,

device type, Wi-Fi band, and interference

Advantage of 11ac

• Its all about Improving the high end

– Gigabit speeds (1-7) and growing

• HD Video, Imaging, Backhaul, Offload, backup

• Its all about improving the Low End

– Improved link speed - 100+Mbps

– Improved overall network aggregated performance

– Up to 6x more power efficiency

• Its all about improving BYOD service (handhelds)

– Carriers (MWC)– pushing for 11ac capabilities- move to 5Ghz (Wi-Fi offload)

– Apple is expected to "rapidly deploy" in APs And notebooks later this year.

Gigabit Infrastructure Design

• Central Controller • Central Processing cannot support gigabit speeds

• MU-MIMO compounds issues

• Cabling / Infrastructure • Gigabit to all APs

• Edge switch uplinks

• Upgradability • Wireless Infrastructure is now 5-7 year lifecycle

• Device density and performance requirements will increase

• Rip & Replace no longer an option

• Follow the evolution of Ethernet

Gigabit Infrastructure Design

802.11g/n

Enterprise Resources

802.11b

ID and Classify Devices

Multi-State Upgradable

Email Apps Databases 802.11ac

XMS

NAC/AAA

AD/LDAP

Web Services

Internet

802.1ag/n

Central Controller

NGH, Passpoint, Wi-Fi Off-load Hotspot 2.0

• Task group formed in 2010 by the WFA

• Goal of Hotspot 2.0 initiative is to develop a set of standards that will simplify

the Wi-Fi end-user experience by emulating cellular access, authentication

and roaming methods

• Output of the Hotspot 2.0 task group is the Hotspot 2.0 Certification Program

which is intended to insure authentication and roaming interoperability among

equipment vendors and service operators

What is Hotspot 2.0?

Cellular

Automatic and Secure

1. SP subscriber comes

to roaming partner

2. Gets service

automatically

3. Secure connection

Hotspot 2.0

1. SP subscriber turns

on his phone

2. Gets cellular service

automatically

3. Secure connection

Cellular Tower

(Home SP)

Cellular Device

1. Wi-Fi subscriber comes

to AP of Home SP

2. Gets Wi-Fi service automatically

3. Secure connection

Automatic and Secure

Cellular Device Hotspot 2.0 STA

(single or

dual-mode)

Hotspot 2.0 AP

(Home SP)

Cellular Tower

(Roaming

Partner) Hotspot 2.0 STA

(single or

dual-mode)

Hotspot 2.0 AP

(Roaming

Partner)

1. Wi-Fi subscriber comes

to AP of Roaming Partner

2. Gets Wi-Fi service automatically

3. Secure connection

Hotspot 2.0 Objective Make Wi-Fi as seamless and secure as Cellular

How Hotspot 2.0 Works

• IEEE 802.11u Network Discovery

Generic Advertisement Service (GAS)

Access Network Query Protocol (ANQP)

• WPA 2-Enterprise Encryption

• EAP-Based Secure Authentication

Hotspot 2.0 FEATURE Requirements

• Provides network discovery and selection

• Both the client device and Wi-Fi APs must support 802.11u for it to work

• Uses GAS (Generic Advertisement Service) to “advertise” which Wi-Fi

networks are available to the mobile device prior to authentication

• Note: with GAS, the Wi-Fi AP is responsible for relaying the mobile device’s query to a

server in carrier’s network and for delivering the server’s response back to the mobile

device

• Uses ANQP (Access Network Query Protocol) enables mobile device to discover hotspot

operators’ domain name, roaming partners, credential type and EAP method used for

authentication , IP address type (IPv4 or IPv6) and other data that can be used by the

mobile device to select the best available network

Hotspot 2.0 FEATURE Requirements

• WPA-2 Enterprise certifies that wireless equipment is compatible with the

IEEE 802.11i standard

• WPA-2 Enterprise formally replaces Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) and

the other security features of the original IEEE 802.11 standard

• WPA2-Enterprise certification is required to support the additional

mandatory security features of the IEEE 802.11i standard that are not

already included in WPA.

WPA-2 Enterprise

Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)

• EAP is a general protocol used for authentication between a mobile device

and a WLAN

• With EAP, a user requests connection to a WLAN through an AP, which

then requests the identity of the user and transmits that identity to an

authentication server such as AAA RADIUS

• The server asks the AP for proof of identity, which the AP gets from the

user and then sends back to the server to complete the authentication

• Hotspot 2.0 requires the following flavors of EAP to be supported:

Credential Type EAP Method

SIM EAP-SIM (RFC-4186)

USIM EAP-AKA (RFC-4187)

X.509 certificate EAP-TLS (RFC-5216)

Username/Password EAP-FAST (RFC-4851)

Summary

• Wireless devices and traffic is doubling yearly – BYOD

• Newer Technologies and Protocols on Horizon

• Need to ‘Intelligently’ address bandwidth and # of users

• Need to understand and address handheld capabilities

• Solving the capacity crunch requires:

– More radios

– Higher data links

– More efficient operation

• Need upgradable solution that can last 5-7 years

Wireless Future

By 2015, 80% of newly installed wireless

networks will be obsolete because of a

lack of proper planning.

Top Wireless Issues That May Derail Your Mobile Strategy. Paul

DeBeasi, October 2011

” “

The Modular Wireless Switch

Modular Wireless Switch

75% Less Equipment

Cable pulls

Switch ports

Dense radios (2 to 16 per Array)

Directional, high gain antennas

Distributed Intelligence

Summary

Highest performance

portfolio that scales and

adapts to grow

Integrated network

services controlled

at the network edge

Device management

optimized for security

and reliability

Wireless performance

getting crushed by device

and app growth

Wireless services that do

not scale and with single

point of failure

Device explosion adding

complexity and security

issues

Xirrus provides confidence your wireless network will perform under

even the most demanding circumstances

Thank You