Why do we organize all of the species into categories?

Taxonomy1. Is the study of classifying organisms.

Two types of Taxonomy:

1. Evolutionary Taxonomy: showing accurate relationships of organisms based on Niche development and speciation

2. Cladistics: based on data; traits or characteristics that show derived characteristics

Tree Of Life

Section Outline

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Who is Linnaeus?He Developed a 2 word naming system.

– Why? – Naming System:

• Panthera pardus common name for leopard• _____________ ____________

– Classification System• King Philip Came Over For Green Spaghetti• ______________________________________________• ______________________________________________• ______________________________________________

Who is Linnaeus?He Developed a 2 word naming system.

– Why? To Avoid Ambiguity – Naming System: Binomial Nomenclature

• Panthera pardus common name for leopard• Genus specie

– Classification System• King Philip Came Over For Green Spaghetti• Kingdom is most general and specie is most specific• kingdom has many different types of organisms• Specie contains only one type of organism

Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda

Red fox Abert squirrel

Coral snake

Sea star

KINGDOM Animalia

PHYLUM Chordata

CLASS Mammalia

ORDER Carnivora

FAMILY Ursidae

GENUS Ursus

SPECIES Ursus arctos

Section 18-1

Figure 18-5 Classification of Ursus arctos

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Section 18-1

Flowchart

Linnaeus’s System of Classification

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What is a dichotomous key?

What is a dichotomous key?

A dichotomous key is a sequence of steps that allows the identification of a living thing. 

• The key consists of a series of choices that lead the user to the correct name of a given item.

• There will always be two choices in each step of the key until you can identify the organism.

The Three-Domain System 1. Domain Bacteria

- prokaryotic domain: cyanobacteria, spirochetes1 Kingdom: Eubacteria

2. Domain Archaea- prokaryotic domain1 Kingdom: Archaeabacteria

3. Domain Eukarya4 Kingdoms1. Protista: includes algae, protozoa and slime molds2. Fungi: absorb nutrients from decomposing matter3. Plantae: mutli- carry out photo4. Animalia: multi- consume food for energy

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DomainsKingdom

Bacteria Archaea Eukarya

Monera (old kingdom)

Eubacteria Archaea-bacteria

Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

Decription of 5 Kingdoms

Monera (eubacteria & archaebacteria): single celled, prokaryotes,

auto/heterProtists: single celled, eukaryotes, auto/heterPlant: multi-celled, eukaryotes, auto Fungi: multi-celled, eukaryotes, heterAnimal: multi-celled, eukaryotes, heter

Answer the following . . . .Video clip on Classification

1. What are the 5 Kingdoms?

2. Why are fungi not considered plants?

3. What 2 categories can the 5 Kingdoms be placed?

25_08ClassSchemes_A.html

9 Animal Phylum

1. Poriferans: sponges 2. Cnidaria: hydra, jellyfish3. Flatworms: tapeworms 4. Nematode: roundworms,

hookworms5. Mollusc: squid, cuttlefish, snails6. Annelid: earthworm7. Arthropod: insects, arachnids, crustaceans 8. Echinoderm: sea stars, sand dollars9. Chordates: Tunicate, hagfish, lamprey,

KingdomsEubacteriaArchaebacteriaProtistaPlantaeFungiAnimalia

DOMAIN EUKARYA

DOMAIN ARCHAEA

DOMAIN BACTERIA

Section 18-3

Figure 18-13 Cladogram of Six Kingdoms and Three Domains

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Section 18-3

Concept Map

are characterized by

such as

and differing which place them in

which coincides withwhich coincides with

which place them in which is subdivided into

Living Things

Kingdom Eubacteria

Kingdom Archaebacteria

Eukaryotic cellsProkaryotic cells

Important characteristics

Cell wall structures

Domain Eukarya

Domain Bacteria

Domain Archaea

Kingdom Plantae

Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Animalia

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New Vocabulary Words:• Define the following:

1. Niche: the role an organisms plays in an ecosystem

2. Speciation: The evolutionary formation of new biological species, usually by the division of a single species into two or more genetically distinct ones

3. Derived characteristics: having a unique trait that is not found in other organisms

4. Cladogram: diagram showing evolutionary relationships based on DNA and RNA analysis and derived characteristics

5. Radioactive dating: A technique for measuring the age of an object or sample of material

• What evidence does this cladogram provide?

Evidence for developing a Cladogram

A. DNA A. DNA in mitochondria and chloroplastsB. Similarities and differences in DNA

gelelectrophoresis.exe

B. Observing Fossil recordC. Radioactive datingD. Observing Derived characteristics

How does each form of evidence help scientists create

a cladogram?Evidence How does it help in

creating a cladogram

Molecular analysis

Fossils

Radioactive dating

Derived characteristics

TRADITIONAL CLASSIFICATION

CLADOGRAM

Appendages Conical Shells

Crab Barnacle Limpet Crab Barnacle Limpet

Crustaceans Gastropod

Molted exoskeleton

Segmentation

Tiny free-swimming larva

What is the difference among to 2

Traditional Classification Versus Cladogram

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