White Paper for the Remote Activating Pen
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Transcript of White Paper for the Remote Activating Pen
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Chris Fernandes
Mr. Smith, Dr. Immel, Mr. Berry
Senior Engineering
3-31-2010
RAP: Remote Activating Pen
Weve all been there, taking a test that will make or break our lives.
Your heart pounds as each pen stroke hits the paper. The test proctor yells,
Five Minutes!" Your heart is like a beating drum. Your pen strokes fall in
rhythm with your heart. One question gets into your mind as you play your
concerto, Will I really put my pen down when the proctor calls the time?"
The proctor yells vigorously, Times up, pens down!" Its your future and
you believe that one more sentence will finish off your almost perfect paper.
The proctor doesnt notice and you finish off your paper fabulously with that
last sentence. You outwitted the proctor and the test. In todays day and
age when someone says, "Pens down", how sure are we that all pens are
down. The Sunny Daze Company will build the RAP, the Remote Activating
Pen, which will solve the problem of pens down. The RAP is a new type of
pen that is controlled when the pen is down and when the pen is up. To
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understand how the RAP works it is necessary that one understands the
fields of thought that are incorporated with the RAP which are the pen, nano-
technology, RC cars, radio signals, and the educational system.
Pens today have a special incorporation in our lives. A pen has many
values. If you ask around for a pen, you will definitely obtain one. The pen is
a sign of strength and permanency. Whenever you fill out a job application,
the employer wont take you seriously unless your application is done with a
pen. There are five types of pens today: they are ballpoint, fountain, soft tip,
rolling ball, and specialty type pens. The first type of pen, the ballpoint pen
is one of the most common pens today. The ballpoint pen works in a very
special way
.Just as the name suggests
,the tip of the pen is a ball
.To be
exact, it is a ball and socket design. Basically the ballpoint pen uses a small
rotating ball made of brass to disperse ink as you write. The goal of the
ballpoint pen is to distribute fast drying thick ink without drying out the ink in
the pen. The ink is forced down the pen due to the effect of gravity.
(http://science.howstuffworks.com/question683.htm) The next type of pen
is called a fountain pen. The fountain pen is very different from the ballpoint
pen by that instead of a ball and socket the fountain pen uses a nib, which
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resembles a crown. Also the ink for a fountain pen is highly fluid. The
fountain pen uses a capillary action to force the ink out of the pen. Capillary
action is mainly a function that uses gravity to get the ink out. It basically is
molecules of ink coming out of the notch on the nib and chains the ink
molecules together to make an ink trail. So it is ink molecules chaining
together to make it work whereas a ballpoint pen uses a ball to get the ink
out when it is pushed down.( http://www.ehow.com/how-
does_4673190_fountain-pen-work.html) The third type of pen is called a soft
tip pen, (many refer to it as a felt pen). Used to write on fabrics and
pictures, the soft tip pen is used greatly in the fashion industry. The soft tip
pen works like a sponge that is full of water. As the sponge drags across the
paper, it leaves a water streak; the soft-tip pen does exactly the same
process. The next type of pen is the rolling ball pen. This pen brings the best
parts of the ballpoint, fountain, and soft tip pens together. The roller ball
pen uses the ball and socket feature of the ballpoint, but uses the highly
fluid ink of the fountain and soft tip pens. A wick carries the ink to the ball.
Gel pens are another name for the rolling ball pen. The last types of pens are
called specialty pens. These types of pens are used for special purpose. For
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example, one specialty pen is a pen used to create the beautiful and smooth
calligraphy. Most of these pens are easily accessible to everyone. Pens will
be an important implement for life-time.
(http://www.woodpensonline.com/history.htm)
Pens have been an important tool for mankind to progress and thrive
in the world. The pen is one of the great resources that civilizations used to
record their achievements and goals. For example, the pen was used to
write many of the beautiful symphonies of Beethoven and Mozart. The pen
also was used to create the unusual, but scientific designs of Leonardo Da
Vinci. The origin of the pen can be dated back to when people started to
draw on the walls of caves. What the human kind was aiming for was to
make their stand permanent by using an instrument that would be
permanent. So 3,500 years later, people started to use feathers from birds,
such as geese, as the new pens. Some people hardened the tip of feather to
make it easier to write. Most people had to keep on repeatedly dip their
feather pens or quills in the ink. By the 1800s some people finally made the
nib for the fountain pen. The fountain pen was made by L.E. Waterman in
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http://www.woodpensonline.com/history.htmhttp://www.woodpensonline.com/history.htmhttp://www.woodpensonline.com/history.htmhttp://www.woodpensonline.com/history.htmhttp://www.woodpensonline.com/history.htmhttp://www.woodpensonline.com/history.htmhttp://www.woodpensonline.com/history.htmhttp://www.woodpensonline.com/history.htmhttp://www.woodpensonline.com/history.htmhttp://www.woodpensonline.com/history.htmhttp://www.woodpensonline.com/history.htmhttp://www.woodpensonline.com/history.htmhttp://www.woodpensonline.com/history.htmhttp://www.woodpensonline.com/history.htmhttp://www.woodpensonline.com/history.htm -
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1883. Waterman was an insurance salesman and when his pen leaked
ruining a sale, he took it upon himself to create a pen that wouldnt leak. He
noticed that none of the pens of his generation had way to control the flow of
ink. His idea was the capillary action. He was granted a patent from the
patent office and got to work. His design of the fountain pen started the
mold for the rest of the fountain pens made after. Not too long after the
fountain pen was created, the ballpoint pen was birthed. It was created by
separate people in two places in the world: John Loud in 1887and Van
Reisburg in 1916. The ballpoint pen became very popular after world war
two. Milton Reynolds made the ballpoint pen very popular during the 1940s,
when he took his Reynolds pen and passed them out all over the world.
Today the biggest pen companies are Bic, Papermate, and Pilot. They
produce enough pens to wrap around the world seven times!
(http://www.woodpensonline.com/history.htm)
The pen interacts with many environments such as education. The
educational system is a big part of daily life. The typical school starts with
pre-school, kindergarten, elementary school, middle school, high school,
and then college. Throughout all forms of school there is bound to be a test
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that has to be taken. May it be either for chemistry or for a mathematics
exam; the result is always the same. The exam needs a utensil to be done
with and one of those utensils is a pen. Another place that the pen should be
used is in standardized tests such as the SATs, ACTs, and even the MCAT.
In these tests, it is done by pencil because the test givers believe that if a
student makes a mistake it can be changed. Also most of these exams
nowadays have an essay portion to be done. This part of the test can be the
hardest for many students. These essays last for 25 to 30 minutes and can
be a grueling endeavor. Since the essay is usually at the beginning of the
test, how you do on the essay can affect your performance for the rest of the
test. Therefore having a strong essay will help you keep you in the right
mindset. It is our belief that these tests should be done in pen from now on
because pen is a smoother way to write than pencil which is a smeary and
breakable utensil. Also on the tests it is said that when students second-
guess themselves they should have stayed with the first answer. The RAP
will eliminate the second-guess method by keeping the mark they make
permanent. Another aspect to the test is that the proctors have to call the
time and when the pens should touch the paper or when they should not.
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This is a problem that has bugged many test proctors across the nation. Now
the RAP will solve this problem once and for all.
Another field that is incorporated into the RAP is nano-technology.
Nano-technology is a very recent subject, yet the advancements of nano-
technology are astounding. Nano means one billionth which is a very small.
The very basic understanding of nano-technology is that it is a field that
tries to make big things small. Nano-technology in the real world deals with
molecules and atoms. Nano-technology started in the early twentieth
century with the discovery of nano-particles by Richard Adolf Zsigmondy. He
also used the first nanometer to see things that were smaller than a light
wave. Later in 1959, Richard Feynman and other scientists met at Caltech to
talk about how to manipulate atoms and molecules with a device. Feynman
thought that the best way to achieve progress was to give up a one thousand
dollar prize to the first one who built a nanometer. This prize was claimed in
the next year to Feynmans astonishment. Feynman offered another prize of
one thousand dollars to the person who could put the whole Britannica
encyclopedia on the tip of a pin. Tom Newman achieved this in 1985. In
1974 a real definition of what nano-technology was stated, " Nano-
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technology mainly consists of the processing of, separation, consolidation,
and deformation of materials by one atom or one molecule." (Norio) Some of
the things that nano-technology has created are the washable bed mattress
and nanosliver wound dressing for burn
victims. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_nanotechnology#cite_note-
Taniguchi-6) One of the best companies to demonstrate nano-tech is Apple.
Apple is famous for their iPod. In its span of ten years the iPod has changed
dramatically. The original iPod was big and bulky and some of the features
brought it down. The iPod of today is a sleek and way smaller than its
original. Essentially these changes did not happen overnight, it took years of
changes and modifications. In the end the iPod is getting smaller that is why
the current iPod has the name iPod nano.
An area of information that is essential to understanding the RAP is RC
cars. RC cars began in the 1960s. The engines for the cars were available
since the 1940s, but the radio control system was only came out in the
60s. These cars were 1/8 scale pan cars using .19 cubic inch 2-stroke model
airplane engines. By the 1970s RC cars were gas and electric. The gas cars
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used a fuel made up of nitrogen, methanol, and lubricant. After electric cars
emerged in 1974, off-road RC cars came out. Originally designed for on-road
smooth surface use such as parking lots, some RC cars were modified for
Off-road use. By the 1980s there was an explosion of popularity in the RC
car industry, which is why, the first world championships were held in 1980.
Soon later the first Off-road Championship began in 1985. In the 1990s the
RC car industry got intense when the speed of the RC cars went up a level.
The usual speed for RC cars was around 35 miles per hour, in the 90s the
speeds were over 75 miles per hour. (http://www.rccartips.com/rc-
history.htm)
A basic knowledge of radio signals is important in understanding how
the RAP operates. A radio signal is an electromagnetic wave. These
electromagnetic waves can vary from microwaves, infrared rays, radio
waves, visible light waves, to x-rays, gamma rays, and ultraviolet rays. To
create a radio wave there has to be electricity flowing through an object.
When electricity is run through a nail for example, it creates a electrical and
magnetic field. If you coil a wire around the nail then run electricity through
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the nail and wire coil the field will get stronger. When electricity is flowing it
creates a wave and also when the electricity is not flowing. Therefore if the
electricity was continuously turned on and off we could create a series of
waves to make a frequency that could be sent to a transmitter.
(http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Communications/3-how-
do-you-make-a-radio-wave.html)
This realization of the importance of how these fields are incorporated
into the pen is important. Yet, all these fields lack something very adequate
to what is needed for todays purposes. Nano-tech today is lacking a new
cutting edge instrument that demonstrates how going big can prove to be
better than going small. Therefore, the state of mind is going big to start out
then going small later on. The hope is that the RAP will start a new trend like
the iPod, where it will improve over time. Another thing that can be
improved by nano-tech is that nano-tech does not always look cool. The RAP
will be an instrument that will be pleasing to the eyes. Pens today lack a
control action, where the user of the pen has to take unnecessary and time-
wasting effort to click the pen. Pens also have a certain history of ink
explosions and pen jams, which means that pens today lack simple function
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http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Communications/3-how-do-you-make-a-radio-wave.htmlhttp://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Communications/3-how-do-you-make-a-radio-wave.htmlhttp://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Communications/3-how-do-you-make-a-radio-wave.htmlhttp://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Communications/3-how-do-you-make-a-radio-wave.htmlhttp://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Communications/3-how-do-you-make-a-radio-wave.htmlhttp://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Communications/3-how-do-you-make-a-radio-wave.htmlhttp://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Communications/3-how-do-you-make-a-radio-wave.htmlhttp://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Communications/3-how-do-you-make-a-radio-wave.htmlhttp://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Communications/3-how-do-you-make-a-radio-wave.htmlhttp://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Communications/3-how-do-you-make-a-radio-wave.htmlhttp://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Communications/3-how-do-you-make-a-radio-wave.htmlhttp://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Communications/3-how-do-you-make-a-radio-wave.htmlhttp://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Communications/3-how-do-you-make-a-radio-wave.htmlhttp://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Communications/3-how-do-you-make-a-radio-wave.htmlhttp://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Communications/3-how-do-you-make-a-radio-wave.htmlhttp://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Communications/3-how-do-you-make-a-radio-wave.htmlhttp://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Communications/3-how-do-you-make-a-radio-wave.htmlhttp://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Communications/3-how-do-you-make-a-radio-wave.htmlhttp://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Communications/3-how-do-you-make-a-radio-wave.htmlhttp://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Communications/3-how-do-you-make-a-radio-wave.htmlhttp://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Communications/3-how-do-you-make-a-radio-wave.htmlhttp://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Communications/3-how-do-you-make-a-radio-wave.html -
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and use of the pen itself. The educational system is also another place that
lacks control. For example, when students take a test, test proctors lack the
control of whether pens are down. These proctors need a new device that
will help them control the test takers and them the edge to control the test.
The Sunny Daze Company envisioned a perfect model for the RAP
(Remote Activating Pen). It began with a simple idea of how to enhance the
perfect test. Once the problem was fully realized, the RAP was thought up to
meet the demands. The RAP was to be built using a thin, but pliable casing
made of plastic or a thin metal to make a strong pen. The RAP would be
parallel to regular pens by using similar ink and similar design, specifically
the ballpoint pen model compared to the fountain and soft-tip pen models.
After a great deal of time of Sunny Daze spent understanding the pen
anatomy, we decided that fountain pens and soft-tip pens would not suffice
because soft-tip pens bleed through the paper and fountain pens are hard to
work and understand for first time users on the day of the test. The RAPwould use a simple radio transmitter to start the pen to write and another
signal to put the pen back up for the pens down phase. The inside of the RAP
would be a small energy source wired up to the receiver (for the transmitter)
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and the motor which would be hooked up to the electrical actuator. The
actuator is a small piece of metal, which would move the pen cartridge up
and down. The RAP was originally designed to be sold in sets for the radio
signal to activate as many pens as possible.
Here at Sunny Daze, we understand that every product has its
limitations. The RAP is no different than any other product. We understood
that certain things would be possible for the RAP. For example, we know that
miniaturizing certain materials to fit inside the RAP would be doable, but
very difficult. A problem with miniaturizing is that since the materials are
very small and brittle it is very easy to break and lose them. Another
problem with miniaturizing the materials to fit compactly within the pen is
that here at Sunny Daze we are under a strict budget. Therefore it is very
difficult for us to spend copious amounts of money to create a pen that could
work half the time. Also we do not have the necessary funds to reach the
goal of making a set of pens for use; instead one was built to design the
components and examples of the RAP. The materials to create this product
are out in society, but they are out of reach of us at Sunny Daze, such as
thin metal and environmental and recyclable materials. Just as it was a great
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idea to use thin metal for the casing, the plan to use the ballpoint pen model
for the RAP was a great idea at first, but further thought into as how this
model would affect the quality of the test shows that it was not a good idea.
We at Sunny Daze decided to use the roller ball model for its fluidity and
slick writing style. The most important thing that was realized was that we
would save a great deal of time and effort by not making a small pen,
instead we would
create a model
that would be a
lot larger than a
pen.
Some days
after completing
copious amounts of research, we at Sunny Daze decided to start by
gathering materials for the giant pen model. We gathered a variety of
materials such as: a three foot black PVC pipe which is supposed to serve as
the pen casing, two yellow oil funnel cones to serve as the pen tip, and a RC
car and controller to serve as the receiver and transmitter for the controls of
the pen. When Sunny Daze first started to tackle this project, we thought
that an actuator would be what would move the pen up and down. An
actuator is a device that uses electrical energy to move up and down. When
energy is put into the actuator it goes out and when energy is put in again
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(Copley, RC
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the actuator moves back in. After doing extensive research on the actuator
and contacting many other companies we came to the conclusion that an
actuator would not suffice to move the pen up and down. We decided that a
relay would be the final piece that would power the actuator problem. A
relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to
operate a switching mechanism; in this case it was to turn on whatever
would move the pen cartridge up and down. Finally, after struggling to find a
device that could move the pen cartridge up and down, we found a device
called a solenoid, which could move the pen cartridge up and down. A
solenoid is very similar to a relay.
Where the relay is like a switch, the
solenoid is a coil of wire that becomes
a magnetic when current is flowing
through it that acts as a switch. We
soon came to realize that under that
sleek hood of the RC car lay more
than just a receiver and transmitter.
The RC car housed the steering
system, which was perfect for moving the pen cartridge up and down. To the
side is a picture of what the steering system and motor of the RC car look
like. Its motor was the perfect size to fit inside the PVC pipe.
Now that all the materials had been gathered we started to build. We
dismantled the RC car so that only the battery pack, motor, circuit board,
and frame remained. The picture to the side shows what the RC car looks
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(Copley,
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like down to its bare form. We cut the black PVC pipe in half long-ways to
show a cross section of the pen to demonstrate what is going on inside the
pen. We also cut the oil funnel cone in half to fit with the PVC pipe. We hot-glued half of the yellow funnel to half of the black PVC pipe to express what
the cross-section of a pen represents. The next step was to cut the RC car in
thirds to obtain the motor and battery pack. Since the PVC pipe is not very
wide, we cut it into thirds and did not use the last third since it has no
function for the RAP. We took out the wheels of the car because they have
no use. Since the RC car had a switch in place to turn on the power we
removed it and started to tinker with the circuitry of the RC car. This turned
out to be a very bad decision on the behalf of Sunny Daze. The circuit was
beyond repair so we decided to go to the solenoid design. The solenoid that
we acquired uses electromagnetic system to hold a small metal rod in place.
The solenoid was a pull solenoid instead of a push one. We decided to
experiment with the solenoid for a good deal of time. It was clear after ten
minutes that direct current into the solenoid made it very hot and the pull
was so strong that the metal rod could not be pulled out. After several
attempts to cool down the solenoid we attached a ten ohm resistor to the
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solenoid. With the resistor in place it cooled down the solenoid and the force
holding the metal rod in was considerably less.The metal rod has a cut in
the front for extensions. Sunny Daze used that space to attach a small bar
that bent towards the other end of the solenoid. This way, when the solenoid
pulls, the bar will push in the same direction. When the power is off, a
spring will default the piston out of the solenoid.
We had found the perfect part for the pen. We still needed a
transmitter and receiver. Since the first RC car was what we needed, we
bought another car and took that transmitter and receiver. We attached the
solenoid to the receiver and it start to work. While working with pens up to
that date we realized that we would need a way to keep the pen in place. We
decided to use a catch. A catch holds the pen in place then releases it. With
all of the necessary components made, we hot-glued the solenoid and
receiver in the pen which made the pen complete.
The concept of the RAP was to bring the pen cartridge back into the
pen to insinuate pens down. This was done by turning on the remote
controls for the RAP. Next step, a button is pushed on the remote controls
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and a signal is sent within a specific range to all active pens. Once the signal
reaches the receiver it turns on the power and activates the solenoid. The
solenoid puts power into the RC car motor and pushes the pen cartridge
down. This is the start phase of the RAP for the beginning of tests. The end
phase is very similar to the start phase. A button is pushed and a signal is
sent to the RAP. This signal makes the solenoid move back and pushes the
pen cartridge back up therefore ending the test.
Plans for the future have been made for the RAP, such as a controlled
mechanical pencil and eraser. The RAP is the first step to new products in
nano-technology and pens. The natural use of this product in schools and the
work environment will create a better productivity. Now the public has a
chance to reach out to common nano-technology. We at Sunny Daze are
sure of two things: This product is the first step into many other projects and
it is clear that this product will have a great impact on society.
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Works Cited
"HowStuffWorks "How Does a Ball Point Pen Work?"" Howstuffworks "Science"
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Copley, Sonja.Actuator. 2010. Photograph. Rohnert Park.
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