Whitby Feasibility Study final final 555 final final

Whitby Feasibility Study Group1 Team 2

Whitby feasibility Study

Group 1, Team 2

Alan Majeed

Edison Derrick Mugoya

Sabah Anwar Hamagareb

Khalid Al-Ahbabi

Suhayl Motara

12017553

12006149

12017737

11023194

12008545

Client: Coastal Development Consortium (CDC)


Executive Summary Report (Alan Majeed) Team Two has been contracted by the Coastal Development Consortium (CDC) to

undertake feasibility study on the proposed regeneration and development of the harbour

zone of Whitby. A site investigation within the Whitby town and its environments illustrate

that there are conceivable ways of improving the harbour regions with numerous ideas that

can address the economic matters and other problems facing the town of Whitby. This report

demonstrates that the nominated options suggest adequate flexible designs to be

established that will address the complete requirements within affordable budget and

reasonable time.

This feasibility study is anticipated not only to let the town to carry on to flourish, but also to

blend in with the traditional values, historical characters that include both architectural

displays and memorials of the town. Additional attentions was given in this study that is

adapted towards certain considerations that include the restrictions of planning approval’s

such as; historical protections of archaeological artefacts, protected species of flora and

fauna, sustainability and energy sources along with environmental impact, exposure

conditions of materials used because of the predominant climatic conditions, transporting

materials with specific attention to Whitby’s traffic congestion and the detailed geology of

the area as well as the proposed sites.

At present Whitby town is facing many problems which have been measured from our study,

such as; coastal erosion and flooding, young population leaving Whitby and seeking better

life style, costly maintenance of the Swing Bridge, traffic congestion, current parking areas,

decreasing fishing and cargo industries, and the need to improve incomes all year round

from various sectors like tourism and leisure.

Matrix method was used in selecting different proposals through a series of parameters that

includes all the matters that has to accommodate the client specifications, to allow us chose

the most feasible and appropriate solutions after being critically evaluated and scored

against advantage and disadvantage measures.

The following developments have being proposed after taking account of Creating Revenue

for the CDC and making it economically sustainable with an improvement to tourist

attractions;

The report of the development has discussed Park and Ride Scheme, from choosing

of the location, size of facility in terms of the capacity, the environmental impact of the

development within a national park and the design that it blends in to its natural environment

as finest as is possible.

The total area of the site is 11.9 ha that makes it 119,000 m2 ,located on south east side of

Whitby on Stainsacre lane (A171) leading to Scarborough, this location is only 1.1 miles

away from the high bridge and 1.7 mile away from Whitby town centre. A.M


The detailed designs for the provision of a 1785 space car park situated within the Park and

Ride site including 96 spaces for people with special needs and 11 spaces dedicated for

coaches. The site contains a large furnished waiting area for passengers with two separate

toilets for ladies and gents, two offices for stuff and drivers along with a shop/ café. A

transportation system was examined with possible routes and solution of small electrical

buses was decided because of speed and manoeuvrability purposes which would be a

problem with in a town of narrow road passageways.

A multifunctional building located on the endeavour wharf on the west side of the

river Esk on Langborne road with the total area of 9,487.89 m2. The building will be

architecturally challenging as it will need to be the centre of the new development both

commercial and economical whilst retaining an aesthetically accepted design to the locals. It

is sustainable in operations, integrated with the environment and with a minimum effect on

the flora and fauna ecosystem.

The building contains Basement, ground floor, first and second floor and each floor will be

used for different purpose such as; educational and training, cinema, theatre, cyber café,

seminar rooms, museum gallery and temporary Exhibition and café shop.

For improving the harbour zone the first proposal is improving the main pontoon on

west side and extending the existing pontoons towards the high bridge in the south by

building 200 more moorings with platforms. The second part of the solution was building a

Boats-storage on the Langborne road beside river Esk, which is a safe building where the

boat owners could leave their boats for a long or short time and their boats will be locked

and stored, the building is also contain service and fuel station where the boats can be

repaired or topped up with fuel.

For the architectural compatibility reason the building shape is designed as an upside down

boat to make it more appealing to the area. The total area required for this proposal is one

acre of land. The storage capacity of this proposal is 70 small and 50 large boats, which

means another 120 free spaces created in the pontoon/marina area to be used by other

boats.

A new two leaf bascule bridge with a length of 118m having a single carriageway of

3m width and two pedestrian walkways of 3m width on each side will be built crossing

Endeavour Wharf adjoining church street on the west side of Whitby. Team two decided that

the swing bridge should undergo a full refurbishment and become a pedestrian only bridge

with installing benches, lighting, hanging flower baskets and other makeovers.

The report contains water sport activates proposal which attracts more tourism to

Whitby and creates more jobs for locals especially young people, also gives them an

opportunity to enjoy living in Whitby.

A.M


For providing more energy resources a new off shore wind farm would be an

excellent opportunity for Whitby and a particular location 15 km away from the coast was

chosen for this proposal with an estimated capacity of 500MW and the total area needed for

this off shore wind farm will be about 260 km2.

The total cost for the above proposals has been estimated as £1,516,597,300

Method statements and risk assessments are provided for the safe construction of the

double bascule bridge and multi-function building including Gantts chart.

RECOMMENDATION

We recommend for development outside the Harbour zone based on some of the initial

considerations, we believe that a new canal proposal would be an alternative means of

indulging majority of the Whitby’s problems as picked up from the site Investigation and the

clients brief, after the above mentioned proposals have been implemented.

A.M


Table of Contents Executive Summary Report (Alan Majeed) ...................................................................................... 2

Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................. 5

List of Figures: .................................................................................................................................... 10

List of Tables: ...................................................................................................................................... 14

Site Investigation (Alan Majeed) ...................................................................................................... 15

Location and routes; ...................................................................................................................... 15

History of Whitby; ........................................................................................................................... 15

Whitby’s Characters; ...................................................................................................................... 16

Economic: .................................................................................................................................... 16

Tourism: ....................................................................................................................................... 17

Access Roads and Congestion; ............................................................................................... 19

Architecture ................................................................................................................................. 20

Ecology ........................................................................................................................................ 20

Whitby’s Geology: ...................................................................................................................... 21

Initial Consideration ........................................................................................................................... 25

Onshore wind farm Service location (Alan Majeed) .................................................................. 25

Park and Ride (Alan Majeed) ....................................................................................................... 28

Water sports (Alan Majeed) .......................................................................................................... 29

Tidal Power Plant (Edison Derrick Mugoya) .............................................................................. 31

Advantages and Disadvantages of using Tidal barrages: ................................................... 31

Offshore Turbines........................................................................................................................... 32

New East Cliff Interchange (Edison Derrick Mugoya) .............................................................. 33

Proposed Canal (Edison Derrick Mugoya) ................................................................................. 35

Bridges (Khalid Al-ahbabi) ............................................................................................................ 37

Leisure centre: ................................................................................................................................ 42

Marina/Pontoon (Sabah Anwar Hamagareb) ............................................................................. 44

Proposal 1 – Construction of fishing and sailing centre; ...................................................... 44

Proposal 2 – Repairs and Service Station for Marinas......................................................... 45

Proposals 4 –Construct the new pontoon in East Pier ......................................................... 47

Summary to Initial Consideration (Edison Derrick Mugoya) .................................................... 51

Detailed Proposals ............................................................................................................................. 52

Traffic Congestion (Alan Majeed) ................................................................................................ 52

Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 52

Causes of congestion; ................................................................................................................... 52

Cars .............................................................................................................................................. 52


Buses or coaches; ...................................................................................................................... 53

Railways....................................................................................................................................... 53

Cycling/motorbikes; .................................................................................................................... 53

Visitors’ access; .......................................................................................................................... 53

Disabled access; ........................................................................................................................ 53

Narrow roads or streets and one way system; ...................................................................... 53

Lack of signs; .............................................................................................................................. 53

Parking Facilities: ....................................................................................................................... 53

Solution for reducing the traffic congestion: ............................................................................... 55

Rental bicycle scheme; ............................................................................................................. 55

Increasing in-town parking fees ............................................................................................... 56

More yellow lines ........................................................................................................................ 57

Digital parking signs ................................................................................................................... 57

Rising Bollard .............................................................................................................................. 58

Park and Ride: ............................................................................................................................ 58

Existing Park and Ride Scheme .............................................................................................. 58

Improving the existing Park and Ride ......................................................................................... 59

Why Park and Ride? .................................................................................................................. 60

Traffic Flow of Whitby and need of parking; ........................................................................... 61

Carbon/Environment .................................................................................................................. 63

Green Park and Ride: .................................................................................................................... 64

Location One; .............................................................................................................................. 64

Location Two; .............................................................................................................................. 65

Location Three; ........................................................................................................................... 67

Chosen site for P&R; ................................................................................................................. 69

Economic ..................................................................................................................................... 70

Site Design .................................................................................................................................. 70

Construction ................................................................................................................................ 74

Why Grasscrete? ........................................................................................................................ 74

Reduce flood risk. ....................................................................................................................... 76

Parking Capacity: ....................................................................................................................... 77

Landscaping ................................................................................................................................ 78

P&R Bus Route Loop: ............................................................................................................... 78

Electric Bus: ................................................................................................................................ 83

Time schedule ............................................................................................................................. 83

Fares ............................................................................................................................................ 84


Cost .............................................................................................................................................. 84

Conclusion; ...................................................................................................................................... 85

Endeavour Wharf Centre (Edison Derrick Mugoya) ................................................................. 87

Geology of the endeavour wharf centre location ................................................................... 87

Sustainable use of the structure .............................................................................................. 90

Metric sizes ................................................................................................................................. 94

Method Statement (Edison Derrick Mugoya) ............................................................................. 94

Clearing land for Development ................................................................................................. 95

Risk Assessment .......................................................................................................................... 104

BREEAM ASSESSMENT ....................................................................................................... 107

Summary to Endeavour Wharf Centre Proposal (Edison Derrick Mugoya) ........................ 108

Detailed Proposal Tourist Attraction Water Sport) (Alan Majeed) ........................................ 109

Fees;........................................................................................................................................... 112

Coast; ......................................................................................................................................... 112

Summary; .................................................................................................................................. 114

New Bridge Proposal (Khalid Al-Ahbabi) .................................................................................. 115

Swing Bridge: ............................................................................................................................ 115

Site investigation: ..................................................................................................................... 116

Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 116

New Bridge: ................................................................................................................................... 117

Materials .................................................................................................................................... 118

Composite Steel: ..................................................................................................................... 118

Mastic Asphalt: ......................................................................................................................... 119

Concrete .................................................................................................................................... 120

Paint & Plastic Fencing: .......................................................................................................... 121

Geology .......................................................................................................................................... 122

Method statement for constructing the new bridge: ............................................................ 123

Risk Assessment form: ................................................................................................................ 125

Gantt chart: ................................................................................................................................... 127

Matrix Form: .............................................................................................................................. 128

.................................................................................................................................................... 129

Flood Risk:................................................................................................................................. 130

Transportation of materials: .................................................................................................... 130

Prices and costs: .......................................................................................................................... 130

Drawing: ..................................................................................................................................... 131

Recommendation: .................................................................................................................... 132


Environmental Impact Assessment (Alan Majeed) ................................................................. 133

Safety signs for and Pedestrian’s Walkway; ........................................................................ 133

Access to bring materials; ....................................................................................................... 133

Materials Storage on construction phase; ............................................................................ 133

Visual Disorder; ........................................................................................................................ 134

Reducing noise and vibration, ................................................................................................ 134

Air Pollution; .............................................................................................................................. 134

Storm Water; ............................................................................................................................. 135

Local Ecology ............................................................................................................................ 135

Archaeological Resources ...................................................................................................... 135

Waste; ........................................................................................................................................ 135

Other measures that we take into account; .......................................................................... 135

Summary ................................................................................................................................... 135

Pontoon/Marina & Boat Storage (Sabah Anwar Hamagereb) ............................................... 136

FLOODS .................................................................................................................................... 136

Planning ..................................................................................................................................... 136

Cause of flood ........................................................................................................................... 137

Whitby’s flood history ............................................................................................................... 137

Vulnerable are in Whitby; ........................................................................................................ 137

Extend the main pontoon in West side ................................................................................. 138

Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 139

Construct the Boats storage in West side; ........................................................................... 139

Planning bar chart; ................................................................................................................... 140

Dredging Mud area and Siltation ........................................................................................... 141

Foundation in the river; ............................................................................................................ 141

Materials use; ............................................................................................................................ 142

Sustainability ................................................................................................................................. 143

Flood risk ....................................................................................................................................... 143

Layout and structure; ............................................................................................................... 143

Pontoon design; ........................................................................................................................ 144

Coast of Extension; .................................................................................................................. 144

Boats storage; ............................................................................................................................... 145

Materials Use; ........................................................................................................................... 147

Layout & structure; ................................................................................................................... 148

Typical dimensions of a dry storage rack; ............................................................................ 148

Storage process; ...................................................................................................................... 150


Sustainability ............................................................................................................................. 151

Flood risk; .................................................................................................................................. 152

Traffic; ........................................................................................................................................ 152

Coast of construction; .............................................................................................................. 153

Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 154

Onshore ..................................................................................................................................... 154

Offshore ..................................................................................................................................... 154

Do nothing ................................................................................................................................. 154

Outline of a Wind Turbine ........................................................................................................... 155

Foundations............................................................................................................................... 156

Mono piles: ................................................................................................................................ 156

Jacket/tripod: ............................................................................................................................. 157

Gravity based: ........................................................................................................................... 158

Floating structures: ................................................................................................................... 158

Blades ........................................................................................................................................ 159

Outline of a Wind Farm ........................................................................................................... 159

Potential sites for an offshore wind farm .................................................................................. 160

Location one .............................................................................................................................. 160

Installation/construction ........................................................................................................... 165

Vessels....................................................................................................................................... 165

Foundations............................................................................................................................... 166

Cables ........................................................................................................................................ 166

Operations & Maintenance ..................................................................................................... 169

Cost ............................................................................................................................................ 170

Environmental impacts of the wind farm ............................................................................... 170

Effect to sea bed: ..................................................................................................................... 170

Effects on marine life: .............................................................................................................. 170

Effect on birds: .......................................................................................................................... 171

Effect on Land: .......................................................................................................................... 171

Effect on humans: .................................................................................................................... 171

Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 172

Recommendation (Edison Derrick Mugoya) ................................................................................ 173

Reference .......................................................................................................................................... 176

Appendix A ........................................................................................................................................ 180

Minutes and Progress Checks (Edison Derrick Mugoya) ...................................................... 180

GROUP1 (TEAM 2) |MINUTES ................................................................................................. 181


Action items ............................................................................................................................. 182

Action items ............................................................................................................................. 183

Action items ............................................................................................................................. 184

Action items ............................................................................................................................. 185

Action items ............................................................................................................................. 186

Action items ............................................................................................................................. 187

Action items ............................................................................................................................. 188

Action items ............................................................................................................................. 189

............................................................................................................................................................ 189

Action items ............................................................................................................................. 190

Action items ............................................................................................................................. 191

Action items ............................................................................................................................. 192

Action items ............................................................................................................................. 193

Appendix B ........................................................................................................................................ 194

Matrix Forms for initial Consideration ........................................................................................ 194

List of Figures:

Figure 1 river Esk going through Whitby (team camera) ...................................................... 15

Figure 2 Parkol ship making site (team camera) ................................................................. 16

Figure 3 jet and alum (http://herb-magic.com) ..................................................................... 16

Figure 4 The Abbey, St Stephen's Church and 199 Steps. (Team camera) ........................ 17

Figure 5 the piers and swing bridge when opened. (Team camera) .................................... 18

Figure 6 One way road and narrow streets.(Team camera) ................................................ 19

Figure 7 High bridge and the steam train. (Team camera) .................................................. 19

Figure 8 buildings in Whitby, photo taken from 199 steps.(Team camera) .......................... 20

Figure 9 effect of weather on steel. (Team camera) ............................................................ 20

Figure 10 vertical succession of Jurassic rocks in Whitby (student handbook) .................... 21

Figure 11 Geological section through the Whitby harbour. (Student handbook) .................. 22

Figure 12 Contour map of Whitby. (Student handbook) ....................................................... 23

Figure 13 bolts driven through some houses on Church Street. (Team camera) ................. 24

Figure 14 Seamen’s Hospital (team camera) ...................................................................... 24

Figure 15 Tate hill sand ....................................................................................................... 25

Figure 16 Lower Parking Area ............................................................................................. 26

Figure 17 Endeavour Wharf ................................................................................................ 27

Figure 18 Endeavoure Wharf service .................................................................................. 27

Figure 19 Map of Whitby ..................................................................................................... 28

Figure 20 Park & Ride location ............................................................................................ 28

Figure 21 School Location .................................................................................................. 29

Figure 22 Water sport activities www.evergladesjetpackadventures.com ............................ 30

Figure 23 Tidal power Plant ................................................................................................ 32


Figure 24 Offshore Turbines ............................................................................................... 33

Figure 25 Rail Links Whitby-Middlesbrough, Whitby-Scarborough ...................................... 34

Figure 26 Railway links ....................................................................................................... 35

Figure 27 Canal .................................................................................................................. 36

Figure 28 Swing Bridge (Top view of the Swing Bridge) ...................................................... 37

Figure 29 Location of the new Bridge .................................................................................. 38

Figure 30 New Train Station ................................................................................................ 40

Figure 31 Cycling routes ..................................................................................................... 41

Figure 32 Map from google showing the duration (around 2 hours) From Whitby to

Scarborough) ...................................................................................................................... 42

Figure 33 Proposal site for leisure centre ............................................................................ 42

Figure 34 Ariel view of the leisure centre............................................................................. 43

Figure 35 Image location for fishing and sailing centre ........................................................ 44

Figure 36 Purposed location for Repairs and Service station .............................................. 45

Figure 37 East Side pontoon, proposed for repairs and service station ............................... 45

Figure 38 East side pontoon, purposed for construct new pontoon in upper harbour .......... 46

Figure 39 New Pontoon ...................................................................................................... 46

Figure 40 New Pontoon ...................................................................................................... 47

Figure 41 Map of New Pontoon ........................................................................................... 47

Figure 42 Extend Area ........................................................................................................ 48

Figure 43 West Side Pontoon ............................................................................................. 49

Figure 44 Google map of New Boat Storage ....................................................................... 50

Figure 45 Aquarium ............................................................................................................ 51

Figure 48 mixing traffic on the swing bridge, Halloween 2014.( Whitby Gazette Facebook

page) .................................................................................................................................. 52

Figure 49 Parking space in Whitby (http://en.parkopedia.co.uk/) ......................................... 54

Figure 50 London bike rental (http://www.nileguide.com) .................................................... 55

Figure 51 Amsterdam cycling image

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/activityandadventure/9986271/Cycling-to-Amsterdam.html

........................................................................................................................................... 56

Figure 52 road only for cycling (http://planyourcity.net) ....................................................... 56

Figure 53 to show the double yellow line (http://www.gethampshire.co.uk .......................... 57

Figure 54 Digital parking sign .............................................................................................. 57

Figure 55 Rising Bollard (http://adexdoorsystems.adexgroup.org) ...................................... 58

Figure 56 Location of the existing Park and ride Whitby and proposed site (Digimap ) ........ 59

Figure 57 A171Guisborough Road average monthly flow ................................................... 63

Figure 58 A171 Stainsacre Lane average monthly flow ....................................................... 63

Figure 59 Effect of P&R on A171 inbound summer flow ...................................................... 64

Figure 60 Location one.(https://mapsengine.google.com) ................................................... 64

Figure 61 Total area of location one.(https://mapsengine.google.com) ............................... 65

Figure 62 Existing P&R. (https://mapsengine.google.com) .................................................. 65

Figure 63 Figure () Location Two (https://mapsengine.google.com) .................................... 66

Figure 64 Total area of location two.(https://mapsengine.google.com) ................................ 66

Figure 65 School close to location two. (https://mapsengine.google.com) ........................... 67

Figure 66 Location Three. (https://mapsengine.google.com) ............................................... 67

Figure 67 planning Application for proposed P&R site found on

(http://planning.northyorkmoors.org.uk/Northgate/PlanningExplorer/NewMap.aspx ............ 68

Figure 68 North York Moors National Park

http://planning.northyorkmoors.org.uk/Northgate/PlanningExplorer/NewMap.aspx ............. 68

Figure 69 proposed site within the national park.

http://planning.northyorkmoors.org.uk/Northgate/PlanningExplorer/NewMap.aspx ............. 70


Figure 70 AutoCAD drawing of P&R. .................................................................................. 71

Figure 71 separate exit & entry shown for cars, coaches and P&R buses. .......................... 72

Figure 72 pedestrian’s walkway and Pay & Display machines. ........................................... 72

Figure 73 hedges, ponds and disabled parking shown. ....................................................... 73

Figure 74 different facilities shown ...................................................................................... 73

Figure 75 ............................................................................................................................. 75

Figure 76 ............................................................................................................................. 75

Figure 77 self-drainage of Grasscrete. http://www.externalworksindex.co.uk ...................... 75

Figure 78 Parking design standard ...................................................................................... 77

Figure 79 Borough of Charnwood Local Plan, 2004 - Page 196 .......................................... 77

Figure 80 Journey one; Green P&R to Whalebone Arche. .................................................. 79

Figure 81 Map of Green P&R route. .................................................................................... 79

Figure 82 Journey Two; Whalebone Arche to Green P&R................................................... 81

Figure 83 distance and duration for Whitby Abby service shown. ........................................ 82

Figure 84 Map of Green P&R route to Whitby Abbey only. .................................................. 82

Figure 85 Electric Bus ......................................................................................................... 83

Figure 86 Green Park & Ride Construction Gantts Chart (with total of 207 days) ................ 86

Figure 87 Construction site area ......................................................................................... 87

Figure 88 Overall geology of Whitby area at a map scale of 1:5000 (digimap reference,

2014) .................................................................................................................................. 88

Figure 89 Good example of basement design ..................................................................... 90

Figure 90 Proposal design for the endeavour wharf centre (AutoCAD drawing, 2104) ........ 91

Figure 91 Conceptual drawing of the endeavour wharf (AutoCAD drawing) ........................ 92

Figure 92 Tracked excavator (internet Reference) .............................................................. 95

Figure 93 Figure 7 Gantts Chart On the different construction Operations .......................... 97

Figure 94 The Drills used for Bored piles (http://www.heavyequipment.com/heavy-

equipment/excavation-trenching.) ....................................................................................... 98

Figure 95 Crane used for lifting (Internet, reference 2014) .................................................. 99

Figure 96demography of Whitby town in 2009(http://www.surreyi.gov.uk) ......................... 109

Figure 97 Jet Ski (www.evergladesjetpackadventures.com) ............................................. 110

Figure 98 3D proposed location for platform ..................................................................... 110

Figure 99moveable floating platform (http://www.ecvv.com).............................................. 111

Figure 100Figure () Water sport activities www.evergladesjetpackadventures.com .......... 111

Figure 101 Canoeing, kayaking and Raft building for families

(http://www.balawatersports.com) ..................................................................................... 112

Figure 102 Swing Bridge Group camera ........................................................................... 115

Figure 103 showing the maximum amount of weight Group camera ................................. 117

Figure 104 Location of the New Bridge ............................................................................. 118

Figure 105 Mastic Asphalt (http://www.berkshiremacadams.co.uk/sma.htm) .................... 120

Figure 106 Plan view of Piers ............................................................................................ 121

Figure 107 Graph for Gantt chart ...................................................................................... 127

Figure 108 Figure (), image of Whitby’s flood,(www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk) ........................... 136

Figure 109Multiple Shipwreck by West Pier in 1880,Khyber Pass, Whitby, North Yorkshire

YO21, UK/1880 ................................................................................................................. 137

Figure 110Flood risk area(Google map) ............................................................................ 138

Figure 111 image of West Side pontoon (group camera) .................................................. 139

Figure 112 image of West Side pontoon, proposed location of new boats storage (Google

Map) ................................................................................................................................. 140

Figure 113 planning bar chart for Extend West Side pontoon ............................................ 140

Figure 114 image of dredging process (wmplanthire.co.uk/excavator) .............................. 141

Figure 115 image of driven pile process (gerkegroupen.blogspot.co.uk) ........................... 142


Figure 116 section of floating roof (gal8.piclab.us/key/double ........................................... 142

Figure 117 image sample of berth design (www.seattlepi.com) ......................................... 144

Figure 118 image of Boats Storage (www.northwestmarinas.com/en/marinaseca/indoor-

storage)............................................................................................................................. 145

Figure 119 Purposed location for new Boats Storage (Google map) ................................. 146

Figure 120 image of West Side pontoon, proposed location of new boats storage (Google

Map) ................................................................................................................................. 146

Figure 121 planning bar chart for construct new Boats Storage ........................................ 148

Figure 122 image drawing of inside boats storage, (www.sprinklermatic.net/pictures/Boat-

Storage) ............................................................................................................................ 149

Figure 123, casting of concrete slabs and foundation of boats storage,(pubs.ext.vt.edu

&cogriasia.com/cold-store-floors) ...................................................................................... 150

Figure 124 Boats storage process, (http://www.bembridgeboatstorage.co.uk/) ................. 151

Figure 125 outside Boats Storage, (http://www.crownsteelbuildings.ca ............................. 151

Figure 126 solar panel and natural light, (www.homefarmequestriancentre.co.uk) ............ 152

Figure 127 North Yorks National Park.org ......................................................................... 154

Figure 128 Location of Whitby in relation to Dogger Bank (http://www.offshorewind.biz .... 155

Figure 129 Wind Turbine Components (http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk ......................... 156

Figure 130 Jacket foundation (http://www.4coffshore.com) ............................................... 157

Figure 131 Gravity Based Foundation (http://www.4coffshore.com) .................................. 158

Figure 132 Floating structures (http://www.ewea.org) ....................................................... 159

Figure 133 Siemens Aero-elastically designed blade

(http://www.energy.siemens.com/hq/en/renewable-energy/wind-power/wind-turbine-

technology/blades) ............................................................................................................ 159

Figure 134 Outline of a Wind Farm (

http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/Documents/MSc_2012/Sarkar.pdf) ....................................... 160

Figure 135 Distance from shore to location one with water depth ..................................... 160

Figure 136 Teesside Wind Farm (http://www.gazettelive.co.uk/news/local-news/claim-

counter-claim-over-redcar-offshore-3675862) ................................................................... 161

Figure 137 distance from shore to location two with water depth ...................................... 162

Figure 138 UK shipping densities

(https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/317770/1066.

pdf) ................................................................................................................................... 163

Figure 139 Bedrock off Whitby Coast

(http://www.maremap.ac.uk/view/search/searchMaps.html.) ............................................. 164

Figure 140 Seabed sediment off Whitby Coast


Figure 141 Seabed sediment off Whitby Coast


Figure 142 ViciVentus foundation design (http://www.4coffshore.com/windfarms/gravity-

based-support-structures-aid274.html) .............................................................................. 166

Figure 143 Cost comparison between AC/DC

(http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/Documents/MSc_2012/Sarkar.pdf) ...................................... 167

Figure 144 Whitby Substation Location (http://wikimapia.org/26137604/Whitby-Substation)

......................................................................................................................................... 168

Figure 145 Location for transition pit (http://digimap.edina.ac.uk/digimap/home) ............... 168

Figure 146 A Cross section of recommended Canal ........................................................ 173

Figure 147 A Plan view of the entrance to water Treatment Plant via Canal ..................... 174


List of Tables:

Table 1 levels of deposits and their dimensions. (Student handbook) ................................. 23

Table 2 Number of vehicles using A171 Guisborough Road to Whitby ................................ 61

Table 3 Number of vehicles using A171 Scarborough Road to Whitby ................................ 61

Table 4 Number of vehicles using A174 Sandsend Road to Whitby .................................... 62

Table 5 ................................................................................................................................ 62

Table 6 Whitby’s flood zones Planning Policy Guidance 25 (PPG25) for development and

flood risk ............................................................................................................................. 69

Table 7 Construction of P&R ............................................................................................... 74

Table 8 Green P&R Time Schedule .................................................................................... 84

Table 9 Park and Ride Fares .............................................................................................. 84

Table 10 BH110 GL ............................................................................................................ 88

Table 11 BH 111 ................................................................................................................. 88

Table 12 The ultimate tensile strength, elongation and modulus of various plastics

(http://www.matweb.com/) ................................................................................................... 92

Table 13 Taken from calcrete computer learning package the fine aggregate grading table.

........................................................................................................................................... 93

Table 14 list of rebar’s and their tensile strength taken from http://www.rebar-info.com/ ..... 94

Table 15 Unit Price ............................................................................................................. 99

Table 16 Cost Factors of Processing ................................................................................ 102

Table 17 Risk Assessment ................................................................................................ 104

Table 18 Risk Assessment Sheet...................................................................................... 105

Table 19 Matrix Form ........................................................................................................ 113

Table 20 carbon footprint (http:// www.steelconstruction.org/resources/sustainability/carbon-

footprints-structures.html#) ............................................................................................... 119

Table 21 Borehole ............................................................................................................. 122

Table 22 Method Statement .............................................................................................. 123

Table 23 Risk Assessment Sheet...................................................................................... 125

Table 25 flood risk zone (Planning Policy Guidance 25) .................................................... 136

Table 26 Flood Risk&Flood Zone ...................................................................................... 143

Table 27flood risk zone (Planning Policy Guidance 25) ..................................................... 152


Site Investigation (Alan Majeed)

Location and routes; Whitby is a small coastal town in the north east of England between Middlesbrough to the

North and Scarborough to the South surrounded by a national park. The river Esk runs

through the centre of Whitby and feeds in to the North Sea resulting in an east and west cliff.

The town has road links across the moors to Pickering, 20 miles inland, also to Guisborough/

Middlesbrough to the north. A coastal route links Whitby to coastal towns to the north and

south and the only roads that allow access to Whitby through the national park are the A171

and the A169. Rail access is also limited with most trains having to go through

Middlesbrough and the limited service of the steam train through Pickering and Grossmont

and access by boat however is always possible.

Figure 1 river Esk going through Whitby (team camera)

History of Whitby; Whitby was established under its Old English name of Streonshal in 656, when Oswy, the

Christian king of Northumbria in 657, built Whitby Abbey. The Synod of Whitby was held

here in 664. Later in 867, the abbey was destroyed by Viking attackers and in 1078 was re-

founded. It was in this period that the town gained its current name, ‘Whitby’ till the16th

century it has remained as a fishing town accommodating around 300 people. For the last

500 years it had been a significant town because of its coastal connection with other coastal

cities. In 1615, coal was transported to Whitby from Newcastle and after that shipping

industry was constructed in Whitby. By the end of 1906, Whitby was the sixth port of Britain

and it was building around 130 ships yearly.

A.M


Whitby’s Characters;

Economic: Whitby has had an incredibly successful boat building, fishing and whaling industries which

have all gone in decline in the few decades and Parkol is the only company that still carries

Whitby’s boat building legacy.

Figure 2 Parkol ship making site (team camera)

In the late-medieval period in Whitby, Alum was the main important product, used

internationally, in curing leather, fixing dyes for cloths and for medicinal uses. Whitby grew

significantly as a port as a result of the transport of alum and coal.

The Romans mined jet extensively, and Whitby jet was at the highest of its popularity in the

mid-19th century, particularly after it was favoured as mourning jewellery by Victoria the

Queen.

Figure 3 jet and alum (http://herb-magic.com)

Whitby was known for the production of potash mining. It is here that the expertise and

resources of international corporations have joint in a multi-million pound project to extract

and refine potash salts from a seam more than 1100 metres below the surface A.M


Tourism: Currently the tourism industry is the main industry in Whitby and it has become a tourist

destination due to its historical nature with many people visiting annually, staying in hotels,

guesthouses and at caravan sites.

The following spots are the main tourist attractions;

The Abbey which is a National Heritage.

St Stephen's Church with its graveyard

199 steps approach

Figure 4 The Abbey, St Stephen's Church and 199 Steps. (Team camera)

The Swing Bridge

The Whalebones and Cooks statue

Whitby’s Museum A.M

Captain Cook’s Museums


The two Piers and Beaches

The harbour area where fishing boats can still be seen

The historic Streets and town centre

The elegant West Cliff area

Figure 5 the piers and swing bridge when opened. (Team camera)

A.M


Access Roads and Congestion; Access within Whitby is also restricted. Being such an old town many of the buildings are

listed and Whitby is part of a conservation area. This has meant many parts of Whitby being

almost stuck in time. One way roads and narrow cobbled streets in the town centre with

shops that instantly take you back in time are what bring tourists from around the world.

However this results in heavily congested roads during the tourist season.

Figure 6 One way road and narrow streets.(Team camera)

There are currently two crossings over the river. The swing bridge; a pedestrian and Vehicle

Bridge and the New Bridge. The swing bridge, built in 1909, could possibly have been the

cause for the decline in the boating industry as it hugely restricted boat access. In addition

due to its age, constant traffic loads and its repetitive swinging motion over time it has

become a major maintenance liability. The bridge also contributes to congestion on the

roads as it has to open to let boats pass resulting in cars and pedestrians wanting to cross

the bridge have to wait. During the busy tourist season this will be a great liability to

pedestrians as the footpaths are very narrow. The eroded paint may have an effect on the

river ecology. However this bridge is a local land mark and when speaking with residents

they expressed they would not want it removed or replaced.

A.M

Figure 7 High bridge and the steam train. (Team camera)

The west side has access via road although roads are narrow. This means there is more

scope for development on this side. Developing the beach on the east side has been heavily


restricted due to a lack of vehicular access. Providing access would mean taking down

buildings which would have an impact on the historical value of Whitby so this option would

not be possible.

Architecture The buildings in the Whitby mostly date back to the 18th and 19th century and don’t have a

height greater than 3-4 floors. Many are listed buildings and can’t be touched. Therefore

proposals for any structures will have to be compatible with the rest of the architecture in the

area.

Figure 8 buildings in Whitby, photo taken from 199 steps.(Team camera)

Ecology:

Being a coastal town Whitby is a harsh environment. Strong winds and chemical attacks

have meant the cliffs have corroded away over time and this corrosion continues to pose a

threat. Manmade structures are also affected by the same factors which mean they have to

be continuously maintained. Steel structures and concrete with steel reinforcement are

especially prone to this. Structures have to be repainted regularly to be maintained.

Figure 9 effect of weather on steel. (Team camera)

Also inevitably as with any coastal town there is a flood risk. Currently there are streams

along the river to allow excess water to overflow therefore minimise flooding. However there

was a recent flooding which resulted in many properties being damaged. This kind of

flooding is predicted every 50 years but has potential to be more frequent due to climate

change. Other methods employed are placing sand bags at the base of vulnerable buildings.

A.M


The river has other complications as deposits are carried and dumped meaning it has to be

dredged regularly In order for it to maintain an acceptable depth to prevent flooding. This is

costly and any alternative does not seem feasible. A weir on the south of the new bridge

would only mean deposits get stuck at the weir location and will have to be dredged from

that point.

Whitby’s Geology: Whitby is situated on the grid reference NZ 89822 10815. The harbour is located at the

mouth of the river Esk meeting the North Sea which has a unique strata rock cliff. The

headlands of the coast were created during the flandrian transgression over 18,000 years

ago during the last ice age. The sedimentary rock of the coastline contains fossils and

organic remains said to have been formed during the Jurassic period about 201-145million

years ago.

This period was cut into three sections lower, middle and upper Jurassic period. The rock

types formed in the upper Jurassic period about 190 million years ago such as grey shale,

mulgrave

A.M

Figure 10 vertical succession of Jurassic rocks in Whitby (student handbook)


shale and alum shale make up Whitby’s mudstone. Alum Shale can be found on the cliff

base close to the beach level and go up to 5metres. The next rock layer that overlay this is

Dogger, Saltwick, Eller Beck and Cloughton Formations and above this lays Devensian Till.

The west cliff valley rises to a plateau of approximately 40m AOD. The valley sides are in

sections of superficial deposits. There have been some attempts to protect the rock cliff on

the west such as sea wall defences and rock armour as the hotel Metropole is a key

development on the cliff. The subsequent reclamation and waterside construction has

degraded the land of the upper harbour since the 19th and 20th centuries. The uncontrolled

manner of development and lack of documentation has resulted in a dangerous and highly

costly cliff side.

The Harbour area is a site under consideration for our feasibility study normally considered

as part of the Esk valley which extends from the new bridge south of the Whitby down

towards the mouth that includes the swing bridge.

The general geology of Whitby area is comprised of glacial, fluvio-glacial and estuarine

sediments overlying sedimentary rocks of lower and middle Jurassic periods. The formations

of sedimentary rock is over time when successive layers of deposition is laid on top of each

other and the build-up of pressure accumulates and cementation of the particles form a hard

and cohesive solid mass that has horizontal lines of the different layers. Tectonic activity

may have caused some folding or lateral pressures that form bedding planes that aren’t

always horizontal.

A.M

Figure 11 Geological section through the Whitby harbour. (Student handbook)

http://www.bgs.ac.uk/Lexicon/lexicon.cfm?pub=DGR


As shown above in Whitby area is underlain by rocks of upper lias; these in turn then

supports rocks of the lower and middle Jurassic periods. These rocks, along with those from

the surrounding areas have folded into the form of a basin with the centre at Larpool near to

the new road bridge as shown below.

In the harbour and adjacent areas all the rock structures dip towards the south at an angle of

3°, this dip lets us safely assume that the sea cliff dips inlands at approximately 3° to the

horizontal at the headlands it’s easy to observe this. When studying the sedimentary rock

layers on the headland we can clearly see the levels of deposits and measure their

dimensions as shown in the table below.

AM

Table 1 levels of deposits and their dimensions. (Student handbook)

Rock Era Approximation thickness (m)

Upper Deltaic Series Middle Jurassic 60

Scarborough Beds (marine) Middle Jurassic 10

Middle Deltaic Series Middle Jurassic 60

Ellerbeck Bed (Marine) Middle Jurassic 5

Lower Deltaic Series Middle Jurassic 30

The Dogger (marine) Upper Lias (Lower Jurassic) 0-2

Alum Shale (Marine)

Overlaying a succession of

similar shale’s.

Upper Lias (Lower Jurassic) extensive

A.M

Figure 12 Contour map of Whitby. (Student handbook)


As a result of failure in ground conditions we witnessed some buildings had settled on one

side and other buildings had bolts driven through them to prevent this kind of failure as show

in the figure below.

Figure 13 bolts driven through some houses on Church Street. (Team camera)

However many buildings have stood the test of time such as the Whitby Seamen’s Hospital

Houses which was built in 1675 and still exists today. This is because they were built with

huge care.

Figure 14 Seamen’s Hospital (team camera)

A.M


Initial Consideration

Onshore wind farm Service location (Alan Majeed)

Figure 15 Tate hill sand

Advantages of this location;

It has quite large area to build the platform or berthing pontoon to be used as an

embarkation point for staff and equipment on the offshore wind farm vessels working

on the proposed Dogger Bank offshore wind farm project.

Very close to the mouth of the piers, easy and quick entrance to the sea

Very large area in the right hand side of it, which could be used by the vessels or

ships without blocking or disrupting the boats route in to the lower harbour.

No problems with the swing bridge as this location is far away from it.

No need for depending on the tides because this particular location is always filled

with water and deep enough for the vessels.

It creates more jobs for locals.

Disadvantages;

By using this location we will affect the tourism, because it is a great sandy point

which is used by the tourists during summer time.

Lots of properties or business beyond the Tate hill sand needs to be relocated, in

Whitby this is almost impossible.

There are no major roads behind this location need to be used for transferring the

goods from the land to the embarkation, this means rerouting Church Street, Tate

hill round about and Henrietta, possibly removing some of the properties on those

streets as well. Again is this possible in Whitby?

A.M


Disturbing or blocking the beautiful view of lower harbour and the sea by constructing

such a site, no doubt this will affect the tourism in Whitby.

It will be a massive costly project, with a hassle to get the plan permission.

The lower parking area of Langhorne Road in the marina in west cliff side;

Figure 16 Lower Parking Area

Advantages;

A large parking location which could be used to construct the embarkation for the

vessels.

Almost traffic free location in the river Esk and away from the small boats in the

marina.

Very close to the town centre and the new high bridge, also easy access if rerouting

or constructing new roads possible.

River Esk could be used as the source of transportation to transfer the goods to the

embarkation (which is cheap and environmentally friendly transportation).

Close to the rail ways if used for transportation.

It creates more jobs for locals.

Disadvantages;

Possibly the River Esk is not deep enough at this location to handle big ships or

vessels.

Most of the times you have to depends on the tides.

Rerouting Langhorne Road might not be possible in order to getting in to this

location.

Relocation of pontoons in Marina Boatyards and Railway Cottages.

A.M


Endeavour wharf :

Figure 17 Endeavour Wharf

The plan permission for this particular location is already in process according to local

authority;

‘‘Whitby Harbour Board has issued an early information about a tender for early planning of

Endeavour Wharf reconstruction works in Whitby Harbour, which would be used to support

Dogger Bank offshore wind farm development.

This may include the construction of a berthing pontoon to be used as an embarkation point

for staff and equipment on the offshore wind farm vessels working on the proposed Dogger

Bank offshore wind farm project.

The pontoon would be constructed at right angles to Endeavour Wharf. It is expected that

Whitby will be used as the operation and maintenance base of the wind farm’s development.

Whitby is the closest serviceable port to the offshore wind farm and is able to offer

maintenance ships 24-hour access to the North Sea.

Last month, local authorities notified that they’re in an official negotiation with an operator of

wind farm service vessels to use the port for the Dogger Bank project’’.

A.M

Figure 18 Endeavoure Wharf service


Park and Ride (Alan Majeed)

The most suitable location for park and ride is the farmland on Stainsacre Lane (A171)

towards Hawsker village;

Figure 19 Map of Whitby

Figure 20 Park & Ride location

Advantages;

No major road works or rerouting need to be done as this location is already on one

of the major road of Whitby (A171).

Easy access to new high bridge and very close to it.

No relocation or removing of any properties or business needed, because in all four

direction of this land no properties or business seems to be seen.

It creates more jobs for locals. A.M


Providing more parking spaces.

Partially fix traffic congestion in Whitby.

Easy access to this location from east & West cliff, also from Scarborough.

Relatively large area (approx. 24000m2)

Redirecting part of the traffic to Eastcliffe and solve traffic congestion in Westcliffe.

Disadvantages;

It could create some traffics in eastcliffe side, but that’s solvable.

We might have to reroute some of the roads, but we could always avoid that.

Location. 2 Park& Ride;

The reason for not choosing this location is simply because there two schools close by and

also too close to the residential area and we have to change the road and possibly putting a

roundabout.

Water sports (Alan Majeed) Improving tourism

For improving tourism in Whitby I propose the followings;

The water sports industry has seen big changes over the past decade, people enjoying

these types of adventures particularly during their special events such as birthdays,

anniversaries or summer holidays. Whitby as a coastal town lacks of these type of activities

in particular and north Yorkshire in general, at the same time Whitby geographically has all

what these activities needs from the beach to river and hills and areas surround by trees.

A.M

Figure 21 School Location


Figure 22 Water sport activities www.evergladesjetpackadventures.com

The suitable location for this proposal is the West pier;

Advantages;

Attract more tourists to Whitby.

Create more jobs for locals.

More activities for young people in the area.

Also possibility of more small business on west pier (i.e snack van, ice cream

van…etc)

Disadvantages;

This could be seasonal only.

A.M


Tidal Power Plant (Edison Derrick Mugoya)

Tidal energy is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into useful forms of

power, mainly electricity. It is currently one of the most exciting emerging forms of renewable

energy that will prove to be sustainable for port cities such as Whitby. The UK is currently

the undisputed global leader in marine energy, with more wave and tidal stream devices

installed than the rest of the world combined. Intermittency is a problem for wind, wave and

solar power as the sun doesn’t always shine and the wind doesn’t always blow. These

sources of renewable energy often require backup from traditional forms of power

generation. However tides are much easier to predict as on average Whitby’s North Sea

receives about two high tides a day making it highly attractive for grid management,

removing the need for a back-up generator plant powered by fossil fuels. These turbines are

installed on the seabed at locations with high tidal current velocities, or strong continuous

ocean currents where they extract energy from the flowing water.

Advantages and Disadvantages of using Tidal barrages: A major drawback of tidal power stations is that they can only generate when the tide is

flowing in or out - in other words, only for 10 hours each day. However, tides are totally

predictable, so we can plan to have other power stations generating at those times when the

tidal station is out of action. Also it may prove to be hazardous to the environment as fish

and other living creatures may tend to be sucked in with the tide towards the turbines. This

may cause blockages and may damage the turbines. In a location such as Whitby harbour it

may be costly to operate as a constant flow of ships in and out of the harbour may disrupt

the production of energy! This may be overcome by placing warning signs when the tide is

high and the flow of water through the turbines is sufficient enough to generate electricity.

Another disadvantage would be the amount of energy required to open and close the

barrages on request is greater than the power output produced by the generator. Figure 2

below show an ideal location to place a tidal barrage in Whitby’s harbour zone.

Figure 1 shows a rotary dam-like structure; can be place

at the mouth of river Esk at the tip of the lower harbour

where by the full force of the tide is most effective.

When the tide goes in and out, the water flows through

tunnels in the dam. The ebb and flow of the tides can be

used to turn a turbine, or it can be used to push air

through a pipe, which then turns a turbine. Large lock

gates, like the ones used on canals, allow ships to pass.

During operation, the force of the tidal flow in Whitby’s

harbour is equivalent to a 345 mph wind generating 100

tonnes of thrust on the turbines. The unique design

of tidal turbines allows capture of the maximum amount

of tidal energy whilst keeping maintenance and

connectivity costs low. (www.darvill.clara.net).

E.D.M


Figure 23 Tidal power Plant

Above you can see the red marking to indicate the tidal barrages and its connections to the

tidal power plant located just outside the harbour area. This is an ideal location to place a

power plant, if placed any further the energy loss of the transportation of electric energy from

the generators to the plant would be too high. This resistance in the connection will reduce

the output power by a factor of 5% for every 100m of cables.

Offshore Turbines Offshore turbines would have a more sufficient and cost-effective manner of converting the

energy from tide into usable energy rather like an underwater wind farm. This has the

advantage of being much cheaper to build, and does not have the environmental problems

that a tidal barrage would bring. Offshore turbine like SeaGen S consists of twin power trains

mounted on a crossbeam. The cross beam can be raised above the water for routine

maintenance by winching it up the monopole support structure. SeaGen S is suitable for

marine environments in water depths up to 38 metres and achieves rated power in tidal

currents of greater than 2.4m/s (www.marineturbines.com).

Some advantages of offshore turbines vs onshore windmills are that the rotors of the

offshore turbines are exposed to higher forces under water. Water is 832 times denser than

air, tidal turbine rotors can be much smaller than wind turbine rotors thus they can be

deployed much closer together and still generate the equivalent amounts of electricity

generated by an entire windmill.

E.D.M


Figure 24 Offshore Turbines

The offshore designs of the SeaGen S models are different to other devices in a number of

ways. The most significant is that it is a direct drive, where the blades are connected directly

to the electrical generator without a gearbox between. This is more efficient and there is no

gearbox to go wrong. Another difference is that it uses a "gravity base", a large concrete

block to hold it to the seabed, rather than drilling into the seabed. Finally, the blades are

fixed pitch, rather than actively controlled; this is again to design out components that could

be unreliable (Marine Current Turbines, 2014). In addition to helping reduce carbon

emissions, the tidal energy sector can bring significant economic benefits. Tidal energy has

the potential to power 15 million homes, save 70 million tonnes of carbon and create 16,000

jobs in the UK alone.

New East Cliff Interchange (Edison Derrick Mugoya)

There is currently only one major railway station in Whitby, this interchange used to provide

the city with another means of transportation for commercial and passengers from

Middlesbrough. However to date only one out of the four original railway tracks is functional

to this interchange, it is the old stem train that runs on it. This train is slow, thus making it

insufficient to modern use. The rail route runs through Whitby’s river Esk valley and is now a

limited passenger service. Over the tourist peak season delays and congestion arise as a

result of its inability to transport passengers of a great number quickly and efficiently in and

out of Whitby area. These delays further increase the number of people within Whitby during

these seasons making it a less attractive means of travel. A trip from Middlesbrough takes

roughly one and a half hours. Although the stem train is considered vintage and the locals

see it as a tourist attraction; the growth of car ownership in the last fifty years has since

exponential doubled and this has caused a great fall in railway transport. These statistics

have had a considerable consequence on Whitby and its tourism sector. Figure 4 below E.D.M


shows the current railway routes to Whitby from north Middlesbrough and south

Scarborough.

Figure 25 Rail Links Whitby-Middlesbrough, Whitby-Scarborough

Advantages and Disadvantages of a new east cliff Interchange

This will provide Whitby with new functioning railway tracks that will improve the public

transportation into Whitby centre thus reducing congestion cause by car traffic. This is an

alternative method to added park and rides as the reduction of passenger vehicles will be

marginally better during peak tourism seasons. It will also increase tourism as the

accessibility of the town increase, with two interchanges this will be more convenient and will

increase the income in Whitby. IT will also create more jobs within and around it so it has a

direct economic benefit to the unemployment sector. As Coaches come in this will also

reduce the delays and hold ups of tourists improving the long term momentum of cash flow

as the local authorities attempt to finance the project the income generated by the additional

coach drop off points. Figure 5 shows a proposed allocation of the new east cliff interchange

marked in red lines Ruswarp Station across river Esk to the site.

E.D.M


Figure 26 Railway links

Proposed Canal (Edison Derrick Mugoya)

Parkol Marine Engineering Ltd is a company located in Whitby’s upper harbour that is one of

the remaining shipbuilding firms on this stretch of coastline. Lately it has suffered a decline in

work due to the inaccessible link through Whitby’s harbour. Delays in their projects have

significant impacts on the company’s ability import and export their products. Ships from the

North Sea struggle to maneuverer safely through the harbour. The swing bridge produces

another obstacle when it comes to the size of the cargo thus increasing the cost of imports

as multiple imports are required. The depth of the harbour is sufficient only when it comes to

small/medium ships, the company is forced not to expand as a result of this. Modern Clients

are looking to invest a lot of money to get their ships bigger! A deeper and larger canal may

be the solution to this and many of Whitby’s economic, social and employment issues. The

introduction of a new canal out into Saltwick hole will reduce flooding as the source of the

canal can be traced back to the river and act as a channel to redirect the river flow when the

river overflows its banks. The existing culvert has created a small stream down towards

Spite Vale; this can then be channelled into the canal providing another extraction point for

the river. Figure 6 below shows the proposed canal route and its connection to the main

river Esk. It is about 100m across providing enough space for large ships and yachts. It will

also pose as another tourist attraction with pontoons and marinas within it. Along the canal

new planned development can be placed such as residential houses for the increased

population of wealth class that wish to have access to their ships like the one found in the

upper harbour currently. Although development of the residence in the upper harbour was

designed well to include a high raise platform with a car park on ground floor in cases of

flooding the functionality of the pontoons relay on the high tides this canal proposal has

considered this factor.

E.D.M


Figure 27 Canal

Advantage and Disadvantages of the proposed Canal

The main advantage to canals is the ease of shipping goods. Water transport is the

cheapest, compared to rail and road. Particularly before the roads and rails of today, bulk

goods could be shipped at up to 20 times more cheaply than the alternative. The downside

is that canals require significant manpower to build and maintain (very costly) and boats

travel slowly. They also only work in areas that are reasonably flat. They are also susceptible

to flooding, droughts, freezing, and other natural occurrences. Although transportation and

movement is made easier people will have to lose their land to the government to make it

happen (www.nycanals.com).

E.D.M


Bridges (Khalid Al-ahbabi)

Prevent the vehicles from accessing the swing (only pedestrian) is a consideration, these are

some advantages and disadvantages:

Advantages:

The pedestrian will feel safer to walk over the bridge

There will be no loads caused by the vehicles

There will be no accidents due to vehicles

The cost of maintenance will drop

Disadvantages:

Major roads in Whitby will be closed

The congestion will increase in other parts of Whitby

High level bridge will be jammed with traffic

It will be very difficult to cross the town

Demolishing the Swing Bridge and build a new replica with a single carriageway lane is a

consideration.

Advantages:

Allow the traffic to flow through the town

East access for supply goods

Long lasting life span

There will be no major maintenance

Pedestrian will feel safer

Figure 28 Swing Bridge (Top view of the Swing Bridge)

K.A


Disadvantages:

Demolishing a heritage bridge is very difficult solution

The cost of building the bridge is too high

The congestion will increase in the town

Tourist rate will drop due to demolish the swing bridge

One of the considerations also I have include is building a new bridge which just behind the

information center that crosses the river Esk to and lands just behind captain Cook museum

on a parking area.

Advantages:

Some of the loads rerouted from the swing bridge

More space for the pedestrian to cross the river

If the machines on the swing bridge brake down which happed once a week the other

vehicle could use the new bridge.

Disadvantages:

The cost of the new bridge will be too high

Most of the problems in the swing bridge will stay the same due to vehicles

Traffic will get faster into the city

Cost of construction the roads to the bridge

The space for parking will be taken due to the roads

This is the final proposal to replace or improve the swing bridge, which is constructing a new

bridge in the area shown in the picture below with one lane carriageway going and coming at

the same time. Also increase the foot path space on each side for the pedestrian. When the

bridge is complete the swing bridge will be closed preventing the vehicles from using the

bridge and allow only the pedestrian and the cycles to use the bridge. All the roads on each

Figure 29 Location of the new Bridge

K.A


side of the town will be rerouted to the new bridge and the existing road will only pedestrians

and supply truck.

Advantages:

The swing bridge will not suffer a constant load from the vehicles

There will be no accidents due to vehicles will not be allowed on the bridge

Most of the local people advise us to choose this proposal

The pedestrian will feel safer while crossing the bridge (more space will be provided)

Cycle will be satisfied crossing the bridge

Tourists rate will increase due to the swing bridge are safer and risk assessment

level will drop

Local people will pleased due to swing bridge will to be demolished

Maintenance rate will drop and the cost will also decrease

Disadvantages:

Congestion will increase due to increase one lane additional on the bridge

Parking space will be reduced in the town due to the road to the new bridge

Cost of building a new bridge will affect the council

Congestion will increase due to insufficient number of parking area

It we damage the landscape of the town centre

Reduce the congestion in the city:

I have noticed as a group that Whitby town lack the experience in dealing with the

congestion, this is due to all the transportation methods is available in the town but there are

not using them, for example the sea, the river Esk, the train station and cycling. These are

the main transportation methods that Whitby town is not using efficiently. I will now consider

some proposals that might affect the congestion in Whitby.

K A


Figure 30 New Train Station

Building a new train station on the other side of the Whitby.

Advantages:

Most of the people coming from Scarborough, York and Bridlington will use the trains

to travel to save cost and time.

Easier access to Whitby which will increase the tourist rates

Less parking area will be need due to people coming by trains

Whitby economy grow due to the increase rate of tourists

Parking areas can be used to solve the problems in Whitby

Disadvantage:

The cost of the project is too high

Require huge amount of land

Whitby is heritage town, therefore it’s very difficult to build inside the town centre area

Some of the train rail ways will cut through the national park

The second proposal is to refurbish the old train station, which has only two platforms

directed to Middlesbrough only. The idea is to insert two extra platforms which can be

directed to York and Scarborough.

Advantages:

The cost is not going to be as high as building a new train station

The local people will be satisfied because there will be no major change in Whitby

town

People from York and Scarborough will have a direct train to Whitby town

Less amount of cars is going to be used

K A


Disadvantages

Land might be an issue due to the rail ways

The cost might be over budget

It might affect Middlesbrough economy due to all the trains before where directed to

the city which they are benefiting from

The third proposal is encouraging the local people and the towns nearby to use cycles

instead of using the cars to get to Whitby.

(Map from Google which is showing the duration (around 3 hours) of the cycles from

Middlesbrough to Whitby)

Advantages:

It will not cost the council any amount

People to Whitby will be more healthier

Reduce the carbon dioxide emission due to the cars

Parking space will be reduced

Disadvantages:

Not all of the people know how to ride bicycles

Most of the cyclist depend heavily on the weather

All the roads will have to be designed to allow bicycles to on them

Figure 31 Cycling routes

K.A


Leisure centre: I have noticed in Whitby there are no young generation, therefore the group have ask some

of the locals about this matter and most of them came up with the same answer which is, all

the youngsters finish their school and travel outside the town ether to find a suitable job or

complete their education. I have come up with an idea to provide the suitable environment

for the young generation and will attract even more tourism. Basically it is building a leisure

centre that is next to the new park and ride that contain a bowling alley, Gym, couple of

restaurants and gaming hall.

Figure 33 Proposal site for leisure centre

K.A

Figure 32 Map from google showing the duration (around 2 hours) From Whitby to Scarborough)


K A

Figure 34 Ariel view of the leisure centre


Marina/Pontoon (Sabah Anwar Hamagareb) Leading off the site investigation, we took note of the main issues regarding the degradation

of the Marina area and made recommendation to improve and re-develop the harbour area

to help the locals and to also attract more tourists. As noticed in the demography of Whitby;

it has expanded lot during last few decades, existing facilities can’t be provided to all people

and tourist demand, to solve these issues we decide several proposal for marina/pontoon.

Proposal 1 – Construction of fishing and sailing centre; The fishing and sailing centre in Whitby will be a complete training and teaching place for

whom ever wants to gain more knowledge regarding operations within the marina whistle

providing such facilities for marine activities and hobbies. Also covered in the endeavour

wharf centre proposal, the location is shown in figure:

Figure 35 Image location for fishing and sailing centre

Advantages:

More people and boats owners receive more training.

Encourage more boat owners to become member to the club with its facilities

Ease of access from roads and walking distance from pontoon

The centre will introduce Whitby’s tradition to other area

The centre encourage more local resident to develop and create marine business

Create more jobs

Disadvantage:

Causing more congesting to harbour area

Close to Existing Marine

Need open water place for training

Most of local people are experience in marine use

S.A.H


Proposal 2 – Repairs and Service Station for Marinas The maintenance and repairs for the boats has a high priority when it comes to the

development of the marina in all coastal regions. Repairs and services isn’t doesn’t rely on a

permanent location for to provide fuel facilities for boat owners along the Esk River.

Figure 36 Purposed location for Repairs and Service station

Figure 37 East Side pontoon, proposed for repairs and service station

Advantages:

Repair station will be in Upper harbour, to provide better and quick service

S.A.H


The station will provide a fuel to boat owners close to the marina

Ease of access for boat owners and yachts in Upper harbour area

The station will create a permanent job for mechanic and other staff

Improve that area to park more boat

Disadvantage;

Location is in east cliff side, there’s no car close park

High siltation is cause difficulty during high flow in the river

Proposals 3 – Construct the new Pontoon in the Upper Harbour

The location is in Upper Harbour provide more mooring for boats for local people and tourist

Figure 38 East side pontoon, purposed for construct new pontoon in upper harbour

Figure 39 New Pontoon

S A H

Advantages

Water and electricity are provide

S.A.H


Car park provide

Access to the pontoon will have a security gate and monitor camera provide

Need small budget

Disadvantages

Esks river cause huge amount of siltation in Upper Harbour

Close to flood gate rescue

Cause more congestion

Proposals 4 –Construct the new pontoon in East Pier The East pier area in Lowe harbour has lot of space to construct a new pontoon next to East

pier as shown in the figure:

Figure 40 New Pontoon

The East Cliff is facing a huge corrosion process in past, to decrease that issue and improve

that area construct a new pontoon can help to reduce that problem,

Figure 41 Map of New Pontoon

S.A.H


Advantages

The east pier side is getting worse every year since decade need more improve and

protect

Construct new pontoons will encourage more boat owners come to the Whitby.

Attractive image to East Cliff for tourist

The location need huge amount of dredging

Disadvantage

Block sand beach during summer time

The base of the area is hard Shale not easy to drainage to deeper

During extreme weather the strong waves are effecting that side

Proposal -5- Extend West side pontoon;

Extending the existing pontoon in that particular location improves mooring facility.

Figure 42 Extend Area

S.A.H


Figure 43 West Side Pontoon

Advantages

Water and electricity are provide

Car park is provide

The pontoon has a security gate

Access to mooring bays are available all around year

Disadvantages

River flow cause rapid siltation


Reduce river access width

Proposal -6- Construct new Boats Storage;

The facilities at the new construct storages are used to store and service of boats purpose;

S.A.H


Figure 44 Google map of New Boat Storage

Advantages;

Next to car park

Convenient for boats/yachts owner with ease of access

Friendly environment

Encourage more tourists, visitors (boats) to come to the town.

With additional facilities to the boat’s owner such as repairs, refuel and maintenance

will generate more revenue for the town.

Disadvantage;

River flow cause rapid siltation

Location is in mud area


Reduce river access width

Proposals 7-Aquarium;

Aquarium is a home for various marine lives; we proposed to be close to the river, the

proposed of the project is across 3 floors, underwater floor and two ground floor on land with

own outdoor balcony with views overlooking the Esk River. The project will be Upper

Harbour in West Cliff next to the Information centre shown in Figure:

S.A.H


Figure 45 Aquarium

Advantages:

Attracting more tourists out of tourist season.

Create more jobs for local community especially for the youth.

Can use as a centre for education and school trip during different season.

The Location is close to sea side and car park, that allowing easy access for visiting.

Forms large revenue stream, for the Whitby.

Can extend to open a marine museum in future.

Disadvantage:

The town is small, without tourist visiting isn’t easy to open all around year.

Whitby is too close to Scarborough, which has a popular aquarium centre.

Planning permission process to any project in Harbour area is required long

investigation.

Summary to Initial Consideration (Edison Derrick Mugoya)

We conclude this section of the project having listed the design criteria and some

alternatives solutions to the site visit to Whitby. We have made some considerations towards

a more critical appraisal of the whole feasibility study and have designed a matrix to ease

our decision on the progress of this study. This Matrix takes into account the advantages

and Disadvantages of each initial consideration by each team member that has been helpful

in narrowing down our selection towards a viable solution to the problems encountered

during our site investigation of the Whitby harbour area. The next section of the project will

take upon a more detailed approach for possible development and new river crossing for a

highway traffic and/or pedestrian traffic within the harbour zone as we come towards a single

viable solution. E D M

S.A.H


Detailed Proposals

Traffic Congestion (Alan Majeed)

Introduction;

The purpose of this section of the feasibility study is to deliver solutions to the existing traffic

congestion of Whitby. The lack of parking spaces in town is one of the major issues. The

traffic congestion is not only affecting the visitors but also possessing enormous social

impact onto the livelihoods of peoples who live in the town. The traffic congestion is pushing

away business and investments from the town which could have lift up the local economy, at

the same time traffic congestions and too many vehicles in the small town like Whitby is

affecting the air quality of the town and will have impact on the health of the locals.

Causes of congestion; Cars;

The major cause of traffic in Whitby is cars, especially during the peak times, bank holidays

or any other events which attract visitors to Whitby. Congestion occurs particularly from both

sides of the swing bridge causing long queue when the bridge is opening for boats to get

through, or it could be caused by too many pedestrians on the swing bridge due to narrow

pavement so the vehicles miss their allocated green time whilst they wait for pedestrians to

move off the road.

A.M

Figure 46 mixing traffic on the swing bridge, Halloween 2014.( Whitby Gazette Facebook

page)


Buses or coaches; Another cause of traffic is buses for different reasons such as;

The size of the buses and narrow roads in town centre

Insufficient layover facilities for buses.

Not enough provided parking spaces for visitors coaches

Less buses during the weekend which drives more cars to the town centre.

Buses have to stop in the middle of the road to pick up passengers simply because

their bus stops occupied by parked cars causing traffic behind.

Railways;

Tourists avoid trains because of limited services to and from Whitby and the journey take too

long to reach their destinations , alternatively the drive their own vehicles to the town, there

is only one train service Whitby town which operates along the Esk Valley and the train

starts at Middlesbrough and terminates at Whitby.

Cycling/motorbikes; In Whitby there is lack of cycling lane and secure cycle parking facilities, this result in mixing

traffic with cars and create congestion for this reason and others not many people cycle.

Visitors’ access; As mentioned above for numbers of reasons visitors tends to drive their vehicles to the town

centre and produce traffic congestion.

Disabled access; Another problem in Whitby is shortage of disabled parking spaces in appropriate locations,

this forces the disabled badge holders to park anywhere they find such as pavement on road

or even on single yellow line and sometimes they might get fine for their actions.

Narrow roads or streets and one way system; Narrow roads in Whitby slows down the traffic flow to under the speed limit and traffic build

up quickly especially in the areas where cars parked on the pavements and may also lead to

accident if the driver makes minor errors. Also drivers have to use long route when visiting

places in Whitby where one way system is applied.

Lack of signs; Misleading drivers because of lack of signing is one of the sources of congestion, when the

road users follow the signs to the town centre mainly they will be directed to the marina car

park, since this car park is not sufficient for a large number of cars the drivers finding

themselves wondering around in town centre looking for parking at the same time causing

congestion, but rather there should have been signs long distance away from town centre

clearly shown the number of available parking spaces. Meanwhile at some location in Whitby

the signs are not visible until the drivers pass them and cause them taking a wrong turn.

Parking Facilities: Parking facilities in and around Whitby are very limited at all time and it even get hectic in the

summer season. Parking situation is often described as “nightmare” by the local people as

the team had a chance to ask them of what they thought of the current parking situation. A.M


There are about 17 parking areas in Whitby (below list of some of them) which during the

peak time most of them full and all their spaces occupied

Abbey Headland Car-Park

Church Street Car-Park

Crescent Ave Car-park

Cliff Street Car-Park

Endeavour Wharf Car-Park

Khyber Pass Car-Park

Marina Back Car Park

Marina Front Car Park

Pavilion Drive Car Park

Pavilion Top Car Park

St Hilda’s Terrace Car Park

Silver Street Car-Park

Tin Ghaut- Grape Lane Car-Park

West Cliff Car Park

Figure 47 Parking space in Whitby (http://en.parkopedia.co.uk/)

In the above image, showing the parking locations in the town. The red boxes are referring

to the location of the parking and the blue boxes are the area which used for the parking.

The total the parking space available in Whitby is 1831 and only 17 of them is for the

disabled. A.M


Solution for reducing the traffic congestion: We have looked into a numbers of practical ways with different locations to get rid of the

congestion problem especially after carrying out a survey in Whitby and asking the locals

including bus and taxi drivers we came up with several solutions:

Rental bicycle scheme; One of the solutions for the traffic congestion is encouraging the tourists, visitors and

residents of Whitby to use the cycling instead of vehicles either their own bicycles or the

rental bicycle scheme that we propose. This would affect Whitby in many ways:

Reducing the traffic in the town

Deliveries will reach the shops faster

Reduce the amount of CO2 emission in the town

Better air quality

More sustainable use of transportation

Improving people’s health

Create revenue for CDC

Whitby’s public bike sharing scheme will be available 24/7, 365 days a year. There will be

more than 2000 bikes and over 50 bike docking stations across Whitby to help people get

around quickly and easily. Similar scheme recently expanded all over London so now

Londoners can saddle up anywhere and everywhere.

Costs start from £2 for 24 hour bike access, which includes unlimited journeys of up to 30

minutes or £10 for 7 days and £90 for the whole year. If people keep a bike for longer than

30 minutes of their rental time, they will be charged extra. This will increase the longer they

keep the bike, so they have to remember, if they aren’t using a bike, they have to dock it.

People can hire as many times as they like within the bike access period they have

purchased.

A.M

Figure 48 London bike rental (http://www.nileguide.com)

All of these advantages will befit the local residents of Whitby, it might cost some money but

for the long run it is well known as a sufficient way to deal with traffic congestion. Taking

Amsterdam the capital city of Holland as an example it is one of the largest city in Europe, it

was suffering in the years 1970s from traffic congestion also including over 3300 death and


400 was children due to vehicles. It took them 40 years to reach their goal which is having

fewer amounts of vehicles in the city than cycles.

Figure 49 Amsterdam cycling image

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/activityandadventure/9986271/Cycling-to-Amsterdam.html

Also docking stations for the cycles will be provided on the green park and ride, Current Park

and ride and train station including the 50 other stations mentioned above. These are main

area that should provide a marking area for cycles.

Roads will have to be redesigned with new cycle lanes so the cyclists have their own cycling

area to achieve a health and safe environment on the roads.

Figure 50 road only for cycling (http://planyourcity.net)

Increasing in-town parking fees Therefore another recommendation to reduce the congestion in Whitby is increasing the fees

for the parking space in town and diverting them to the park and ride facilities on both side of

the town. By increasing the price people would rather chose the cheaper option, by doing so

we could provide more disabled parking spaces in town.

A.M


More yellow lines There are two types of yellow line, single and double yellow lines. The single yellow line

indicates that parking or waiting at that roadside is prohibited at certain times of day.

Stopping to load, pick up passengers is generally allowed unless additional restrictions

apply.

In some part of Whitby motorists cause traffic jam due to parking or waiting to pick or

dropping off someone, by narrowing the road down and affecting the traffic flow in the town.

To prevent them from this a consideration of double yellowed line would be a good idea for

not allowing any type of vehicle to stop, wait or pick and drop in the town unless they have a

permit such as a blue badge for disabled.

As for the locals they could always apply for parking permission if they had to park on the

single yellow lines.

Figure 51 to show the double yellow line (http://www.gethampshire.co.uk

Digital parking signs To prevent divers from going in to the town and check if there is any parking facility

available, the suggestion is to provide digital signs on the major roads to Whitby indicating if

there is any available parking space in town otherwise they could be diverted to use the park

and ride and green park and ride facilities.

Figure 52 Digital parking sign

A.M


Rising Bollard Rising bollard is another solution to reduce the traffic congestion in Whitby. It allows only

pedestrian, cycles and the emergency vehicles to access some particular areas. For

example this is going to be considered just before the swing bridge on both sides, since it’s

going to be pedestrianized only. In case of an emergence these bollard will be dropped

allowing emergence vehicle and police cars to have a quick access to the destinations.

A.M

Figure 53 Rising Bollard (http://adexdoorsystems.adexgroup.org)

Park and Ride: After carrying out a survey in Whitby and asking the locals including bus and taxi drivers, we

realised that most of the people in Whitby agrees on having Park and Ride scheme (P&R) is

one of the most logical solution in Whitby’s development to reduce traffic congestion and

street parking in the residential areas, and this will have a positive impact on attracting

tourism, social and economical needs of the town and over all this will result in sustainable

transportation and reducing CO2 emission.

A Park and Ride system (P&R) is a scheme in which a secure parking facility is provided for

those traveling into a city or a town to park their vehicles (usually out of town), and then use

alternative public transport system such as buses into the city centre. The duration of

parking is often all day long that is one of the reasons that it has to be affordable.

Existing Park and Ride Scheme

The existing P&R scheme is only functioning during the peak tourist times, even though,

many people have associated this scheme to offering more efficiency to the tourists, the

following are some of the disadvantages:

According to ‘’Real Whitby as you’ve never seen it before’’ website The proposed

cost of this scheme has risen steadily over the years, without as much as a blade of

grass being cut, it started at £1.6 million, went to £2.0 million, then £2.4 million, then

£2.8 million and is now suddenly inflated to £4 million.

Also according to ‘’Real Whitby as you’ve never seen it before’’ website £270,000

which will be the annual cost to run the scheme, and then there is the ‘Hopper

Service’ which is estimated to cost £90,000 per year, and there are other costs such


as £280,000 which is to be spent on ‘travel awareness and promotional activities’

whatever they might be.

The existing P&R has flooding issue due to lack of drainage system.

There is limitation on the working of the Park and Ride system in the August

weekends and the bank holidays being the operational days. This limits the

acquisition of the users of this scheme since they would have to wait for these days,

unless there is need for advance implementation.

The tourist has to go through the traffic because of the situation of the system within

the urban centre. The tourists have to go through the High Stakeby, which always

exhibits traffic congestion.

The space for the system is also always limited with only 250 parking spaces plus

200 on grass parking spaces.

The scheme can also not apply in interception of traffic arising from Scarborough.

Improving the existing Park and Ride

Based on our data collected from the Whitby field trip we propose an extension to the

existing park and ride facility to expand it carrying capacity from 450 to 2000 cars. We also

suggested a more integrated manoeuvring system to be set up so as to reduce hold ups and

ease movement to traffic in and out of the park and ride. For security measures we want to

have in place cctv cameras installed and a monitoring tool that keep a record of the number

plates of registered vehicles that have paid for the services so as a means of generating a

revenue of the parking that is returned to maintaining the park and ride facility. As shown

below the extension is proposed to the left of the existing position and also marked is new

road links that will come to better ensure the flow of the service busses is smooth, efficient

and quick.

Figure 54 Location of the existing Park and ride Whitby and proposed site (Digimap )

The purple areas marks the existing park and ride facilities currently in use in Whitby, and

the red marks the area that we propose to extend the current park and ride. As shown above

the thick green lines indicate a new proposed road network for the bus services as their

move in and out of the park and ride facilities. The above area is farm land and has a huge

open space covering; existing park and ride Area: 39,744.53 m2 and extension area of

48,762.50 m2, making it in total 88,507.03 m2 giving rise to a carrying capacity of 2000 cars,

which is more than adequate for Whitby. A.M


Why Park and Ride? The scheme will be more useful for tourists than if they were to use their own vehicles to

reach the town. The tourists also consider the cost and conveniences related to their

travelling and this would lead them into using the scheme. The followings are some of the

advantages that generate the introduction of park and ride out side of the town:

The scheme will serve in alleviating the rate of congestion along the roads going in

into the town. This means that the scheme will reduce the usually occurring

congestion within the streets of Whitby apart from the harbour zone.

Car parking in Whitby’s town centre is limited with on and off-street parking totalling

in the region of 3360 spaces, of which only approximately 50% are time limited in any

way. There are particularly acute parking problems in West Cliff and the harbour and

marina areas.

The reduction in the traffic congestion will ultimately act as tourist attraction to the

town.

The scheme leads to the decrease of vehicles within the town thereby forming the

basis for reduction of CO2 footprints.

The reduction in the traffic will also serve as a way of reducing the damages

occurring to the buildings during the times of congestion. .

The scheme also much cheaper form of parking compared to those in the town

centre.

The scheme also offers every social amenity that the users may be in need such as

shelter, toilets, telephone services, coffee shop security and lightning.

With traffic projected to grow by almost 3% by 2016, congestion in the area is

expected to worsen should steps not be taken to address it.

The park and ride system will form an integral part in achieving the objective, of the Whitby

town, of reducing the congestion within the various streets of the town. The reduction of

traffic within the transport sector will facilitate the rising demand of managing traffic in the

Whitby town. It will act as a tool in managing the status of the town. The relevant measures

associated with introducing the system include:

Bus priority measures.

Reduction in town centre parking availability.

Increased town centre parking charges.

Readily available travel information.

Provision of cycling facilities.

Road pricing and private non-residential/workplace parking.

The details of design and implementation of three possible locations out of the town for P&R

scheme will be discussed in this part of the report beside all the reasoning and measures

taken into consideration.

A.M


Traffic Flow of Whitby and need of parking;

Whitby traffic flow increases approximately 4% on every year and therefore we have worked

out the number of vehicles increasing on each year from August 2008 to August 2012. The

tables below show the proportion of vehicles passing on the three main entry routes in to

Whitby.

Table 2 Number of vehicles using A171 Guisborough Road to Whitby

Major Route A171 Guisborough to Whitby

(Includes A169 Pickering)

Year Month Number of vehicles

2008 August 10623

2009 August 11047

2010 August 11488

2011 August 11947

2012 August 12425

Table 3 Number of vehicles using A171 Scarborough Road to Whitby

Major Route A171 Scarborough to Whitby


2008 August 6706

2009 August 6974

2010 August 7253

2011 August 7543

2012 August 7845

A.M


Table 4 Number of vehicles using A174 Sandsend Road to Whitby

Major Route A174 Sandsend to Whitby


2008 August 4629

2009 August 4814

2010 August 5007

2011 August 5207

2012 August 5415

The table below explains the traffic flow difference between year 2008 and 2012. The traffic

flows have increased rapidly in last 4 years and therefore the traffic congestion in Whitby

town centre creating severe problems for the tourists and locals.

Table 5

Total vehicles into Whitby in 2008 21,958

Total vehicles into Whitby in 2012 25685

The table above shows that Whitby town exhibits 25,685 vehicles passing, during the peak

seasons, while it offers a week attraction to 25,000 visitors and a day to 8,000. The increase

in the traffic flow in the town centre has created problems for the tourists and locals who are

coming into the town. This calls for the establishment for more parking spaces in order to fit

the rising number of cars in the town.

According to North Yorkshire County Council and North York Moors National Parks;

‘’Whitby and the Esk Valley are popular tourist destinations. The Esk Valley attracts in

excess of 2 million day visitors per year. Visitor figures purely for the Whitby area are not

available, but the Scarborough borough, in which Whitby is a significant destination, attracts

7 million leisure visitors. Visitors travel to the area throughout the year, but especially during

the summer season; traffic data shows an increase of 30% more traffic on the A171 during

August compared with the monthly annual average.

A.M


Figure 55 A171Guisborough Road average monthly flow

Traffic levels increase dramatically in Whitby during the summer season, although there is

evidence that the traditional peak summer season is being extended to include a shoulder

season in spring and autumn. Also, the morning peak, in line with most of the coastal

destinations in the county, occurs later in the day generally between 10am and 12 noon. The

evening peak follows a more traditional pattern and occurs between 4pm and 6pm.

Figure 56 A171 Stainsacre Lane average monthly flow

Carbon/Environment Estimates of capture rates for the park and ride site show estimates of between 211(low)

and 440 (high) vehicles per day using the park and ride site. Taking into account estimates

on traffic growth (estimated using TEMPRO figures) the park and ride site is estimated to

deliver reductions in traffic growth of between 4% and 8% depending on uptake. This

demonstrates how the facility will allow growth in tourism traffic, but offers a sustainable

alternative mode of travel.’’ A.M


Figure 57 Effect of P&R on A171 inbound summer flow

The details of design and implementation of three possible locations out of the town for P&R

scheme will be discussed in this part of the report beside all the reasoning and measures

taken into consideration.

Green Park and Ride: Team two decided to propose another park and ride in Whitby and call it Green Park and

Ride, to do this we had to search for appropriate location as follows;

Location One; The first location we had a look at during our site investigation was the farm land in the east

side of Whitby on Guisborough road (A171) just after the current Park and Ride, next to

Victoria Farm Garden Centre. Location shown below;

Figure 58 Location one.(https://mapsengine.google.com)

A M

https://mapsengine.google.com/


Figure 59 Total area of location one.(https://mapsengine.google.com)

The total area of this locatoin was 4.97 Hectares which is 49,700 m2 , interms of area it was

large enough to build the P&R on it and the only diadvantage about this plot of land was too

close to the current whitby’s P&R as shown in the photo below;

Figure 60 Existing P&R. (https://mapsengine.google.com)

For the reason mentioned above we decided to look for more suitable location and abandon

location one.

Location Two; The second location we checked and though it had a great potential during our site

investigation was a farm land on south east side of Whitby located on Stainsacre lane

(A171) towards Scarborough opposite to Homebase and Sainsbury superstore just after

Eskdale School, location shown below;

A.M


Figure 61 Figure () Location Two (https://mapsengine.google.com)

The total area of this particular land was 1.88 hectare its 18,800 m2 as shown below;

Figure 62 Total area of location two.(https://mapsengine.google.com)

The reasons for not choosing this location;

It is next to Eskdale School which could be dangerous for kids.

Too close to the residential area.

Possibly have to redesign the roads and change some of the local features.

A.M


Figure 63 School close to location two. (https://mapsengine.google.com)

Location Three; The third location we came across during the site investigation is the free farm land on south

east side of Whitby on Stainsacre lane (A171) leading to Scarborough, this location is only

1.1 miles away from the high bridge and 1.7 mile away from Whitby town centre.

Figure 64 Location Three. (https://mapsengine.google.com)

The total area of this farm land is 11.9 ha that makes it 119,000 m2, there are also free lands

on both side of the location which could be appropriate for future expansion of the scheme.

The surround area mainly farms and it’s away from residential area also away from schools,

since it’s on the A171 no road works or rerouting need it, this makes is it more suitable for

our P&R.

Some of the Constraints identified from field Survey and checking local authority for plan

permission of this site were: A.M

Proposed Site is situated just within and the beginning of National Park Boundary. A

Strong case will need to be presented before planning approval is attained.


Agricultural land, owned by Scarborough Borough Council.

Archaeology- NP records.

Flood plain zone1 (little or no flood risk less than 0.1%)

Figure 65 planning Application for proposed P&R site found on

(http://planning.northyorkmoors.org.uk/Northgate/PlanningExplorer/NewMap.aspx

Figure 66 North York Moors National Park

http://planning.northyorkmoors.org.uk/Northgate/PlanningExplorer/NewMap.aspx

A.M


Chosen site for P&R; After careful consideration and comparisons between the three sites considered above, the

third site has been chosen to be the most suitable for P&R scheme mainly because:

Accessibility from both direction ( Scarborough from right and Teesside, Pickering

and the west side of Whitby via the high bridge from the left side)

Because of the total area of this site, in general the park and ride scheme is intended

to offer about 1800 parking facilities to both the visitors and the daily road commuters

to Whitby.

The site is not a listed or a protected historical or archaeological resource

Situated within the proximity of the Whitby town centre

Far from the congested areas.

Away from flood risk areas since it’s situated in flood plain zone1 (little or no flood

risk less than 0.1%) according to the following table

Table 6 Whitby’s flood zones Planning Policy Guidance 25 (PPG25) for development and

flood risk

Away from the schools to minimize the risk of accidents.

Land availability and there is enough room to expand car park size in future.

Located there to encourage the economic regeneration of the east side of Whitby.

To reduce the air pollution thereby improving the quality of the local air, and reduce

the noise pollution.

It can also generate new job opportunities for the local people during the construction

and running the park and ride system i.e. parking wardens, security guards, etc. A.M.


The site is however lies on the boundary or just within the North Yorkshire Moors National

Park, figure below shows the map of this boundary. Negotiation will be required to secure

planning consent on this development location. A M

Figure 67 proposed site within the national park.

http://planning.northyorkmoors.org.uk/Northgate/PlanningExplorer/NewMap.aspx

However negotiation to secure planning for the Industrial Estate was granted for the site on

the East approach to Whitby from Scarborough; one would hope the same could happen for

the planning application of this proposed development. Respect needs to be given to

National Park areas as it is they which control the conservation of the natural beauty of the

surrounding area to which North Yorkshire is famous for.

Economic The valuable economic gains from the land at the moment is the agricultural use to which to

the land is put into. This area has no meaningful commercial activity, given its current

agricultural uses, no significant development activity exists at the East approach location

apart from some development such as Homebase and Sainsbury Stores.

Site Design Detailed design of proposed location layout has drawn by using an AutoCAD to give a better

understanding to our client. Detailed design for the proposed car park layout for the site is

shown in figure below.


Figure 68 AutoCAD drawing of P&R.

The detailed design will also annotate the few significant points, which are summarised

Separate entry and exit designed for the buses with separate entry and exit for the

vehicles that uses the P&R (shown in figures below), to keep all traffic moving

smoothly and for the safety of users also avoid any collusions or delaying to the P&R

buses

A.M


Figure 69 separate exit & entry shown for cars, coaches and P&R buses.

A single one-way road will lead all traffic around the centre of the car park with a

roundabout to turn around and drive back out of the car park

Separate and safe walkways designed for pedestrians a soon as the get out of their

vehicles, this method is used across entire car park (shown in figure below).

Figure 70 pedestrian’s walkway and Pay & Display machines.

Pay and display machines located very close between every two parking zones (see

figure above).

The rest of the site will get intense landscaping around the boundary with hedges

and mild greenery in the rest of the site with few small ponds.(see figure below)

A.M


Figure 71 hedges, ponds and disabled parking shown.

Disabled parking areas in yellow designed at the start & end of the car parks with

easy access to them.(see figure above)

Grass Crete used for all parking spaces floor.

A large waiting area with two separate toilet, one office for drivers, one office for P&R

stuff and one shop where coffee and snacks sold also designed.(see figure below)

Figure 72 different facilities shown

A.M


Construction;

Table below shows most of the tasks, materials and methods that will be used in the

construction of the P&R

Table 7 Construction of P&R

Why Grasscrete? GRASSCRETE has been used in the UK as a porous pavement either without any filling to

the holes or with the infill being in the form of high drainage media, then virtually the whole of

any high intensity rainfall is retained within the GRASSCRETE slab with subsequent slow

release allowing groundwater recharge.

A.M


Where overlaying poorly draining sub-grades, the lag time will be naturally extended until

water percolates through to the natural water table. In such instances, a significant reservoir

head can be created by installing a combination drainage blanket within the underlying sub-

base see figure below:

Figure 73

Figure 74

A M

Figure 75 self-drainage of Grasscrete. http://www.externalworksindex.co.uk


Large surface areas would be allowed to drain through the grasscrete. One of the important

challenges that grasscrete face is to control the rainwater by limiting the amount of water

that goes into main sewer systems. As climate is changing; it will become ever more

important in the future. The amount of water will dictate the size of the pipes. The second

reason is to avoid vehicles oil or petrol to contaminate the ground; this can cause pollution

by entering in to natural water courses.

The ground level will be designed in a sloppy form so rainwater will be directed to collection

channels that will take the water to an infiltration trench.This technique is called source

control, The principal benefits of source control is:

Reduce flood risk.

Recharge underground water supplies.

Maintain base dry weather flows in watercourses.

Reduce deterioration in water quality.

They will be implemented as close to the source as possible. The aim of this is to reduce the

amount of water entering watercourses or sewers as much as possible. The method is only

possible in well drained soils. If it is not, soil can be treated by adding lime.

A disadvantage of grasscrete ground is that it can get saturated and cause flood as a result

of intense rainwater although the P&R is situated in the flood area of zone one which means

very little or no risk of flooding as mentioned before, but we can always overcome this

problem by designing a network of piping and drainage system where we could get rid of the

water and send it to the treatment as it might’ve been contaminated with oil or petrol.

Also As a natural “CO2 eater”, the grassed culture helps to reduce “greenhouse” emissions

at source within car parks and access roads.

Parking spaces sizes:

The size of parking spaces will be designed according to British parking standards as

follows;

Car 2.4 metres x 4.8 metres

Light Vans 2.4 metres x 5.5 metres

Rigid Vehicles 3.5 metres x 14.0 metres

Articulated Vehicles 3.5 metres x 18.5 metres

Coaches (60 seats) 3.5 metres x 14.0 metres A M


Figure 76 Parking design standard

Also disabled people vehicles shown below;

Figure 77 Borough of Charnwood Local Plan, 2004 - Page 196

Parking Capacity:

The total parking capacity of our site is 1785 parking spaces and it contains;

1678 normal parking spaces

96 Disable parking spaces

11 Coaches parking spaces

But these value could all be changed according to the needs.

A M


Landscaping The benefit of landscaping the P&R is the attractiveness visitors/locals get to enjoy all year

round. The type of works that will be taken into consideration during the construction process

of the P&R sites is mentioned below:

Landscaping will improve the quality of the site and mitigate the visual intrusion on its

surroundings

A sensible balance of both soft landscaping and dense scrub planting will be used.

This method will be achieved by mixing low level shrubs with a canopy formed by

mature trees, together with a good quality landscape screen and a security fence

around the perimeter of the site

Existing landscape elements of the site will be re-used or incorporated, such as

trees, hedges, ponds and other water bodies

With the sites being close to the national park extra care will be provided

P&R Bus Route Loop: We are going to call our P&R service a (Green P&R), and there will be two services the first

one is called Green P&R to Whalebone Arche and this contains three stops only which are:

Journey One (Green P&R to Whalebone Arche);

Stop1 Station Square: People can get off at this stop if they want to go to the

Whitby’s town centre, Swing Bridge, captain cooks museum, 199 steps, Whitby’s

Abbey, the Piers, or simply anywhere else in the town centre.

Stop2 Whitby Museum: People can get off at this stop if they want to go to Whitby’s

Museum.

Stop3 Whalebone Arche: The service is terminating at this stop. People can get off

at this stop if they want to go to see the Whalebones Arche, Captain Cook’s statue

and the sea sides.

The whole journey will take minimum 13 minutes but again it depends on traffic and

different times during the day, during the rush hour it could take a bit more than 13

minutes. A.M


The duration and distance of this journey shown below;

A.M

Figure 78 Journey one; Green P&R to Whalebone Arche.

Figure 79 Map of Green P&R route.


Although the idea of park and ride is to transport people who use the P&R to one particular

location, but we have decided to extend the stops to three stops the reason for this is

explained:

We want to ensure people that it’s a brilliant idea to use the Green P&R and leave

their cars there rather than driving around in town centre where parking is a big

problem in order to go to the places where everyone wants to see such as the Swing

Bridge, Captain Cooks Museum, Whitby Abby, 199 steps, Whalebones and more,

because our buses can drop them close enough to all this locations and pick them up

in return.

It works out cheaper for them to use our Green P&R because they will be charged

once for both car parks and delivering them in the return journey to the town centre

on our buses.

It helps people with disability or old people and families with young kids to get around

Whitby’s famous places such as the places mentioned before and not worry about

parking or how to get to the places and return.

They could avoid the traffic and get to the town centre quickly.

We could reduce traffic congestion dramatically, since we offer these stops people

don’t have to take their cars to these locations where we believe they are the main

causes of traffic congestion because they are the attraction locations for visitors.

The second service is called Whalebone Arche to Green P&R and this contains three

stops also, because people who has been to the town centre and the famous locations and

decided to go back to their vehicles they could do so, at the same time our buses don’t have

to return empty but rather the same bus which terminates the service at Whalebone Arch, it

could start the journey back to the Green P&R through the three previous stops, in this way

we could cut down the cost of fuel and less CO2 emission

Journey Two (Whalebone Arche to Green P&R):

Stop1 Whitby Museum

Stop2 Station Square

Stop3 Green P&R where the service is terminating.

A.M


The whole journey will take minimum 13 minutes but again it depends on traffic and different

times during the day, during the rush hour it could take a bit more than 13 minutes.

The duration and distance of this journey shown below;

Figure 80 Journey Two; Whalebone Arche to Green P&R.

It is worth mentioning that we could also provide another route or service to Whitby Abby if

planning permission approved, because Whitby Abby is the location that almost everyone

who visits Whitby end up there and it’s the final location for many visitors after spending

most of their time in the town centre, so it could be quite busy location and it’s a good idea to

pick up passengers especially old and disabled people or family with kids.

The service is only one stop, distance and duration shown below;

A.M


Figure 81 distance and duration for Whitby Abby service shown.

A.M

Figure 82 Map of Green P&R route to Whitby Abbey only.


Electric Bus:

Figure 83 Electric Bus

Similar buses will be used in the park and ride plan, comparable Electric Bus is already in

progress on the demanding Route 7 bus service in Milton Keynes to evaluate the technical

and commercial feasibility of all-electric buses and to prove that low-carbon transport can be

a cost-effective and efficient alternative to fuel buses.

The cleverness behind these types of buses is that there is no need to be plugged into the

mains, the electric buses have their batteries recharged wirelessly. Every hour about ten-

minute boost is enough to empower them to operate all day. Normally this is done

throughout programmed driver breaks.

The speed which the bus can be recharge is that uses induction power transfer through

wireless charging system and this innovation makes it possible for the bus to match the

capabilities of the fuel or diesel counterparts.

Also these sizes of buses were decided because of speed and manoeuvrability purposes

which would be a problem with in a town of narrow road passageways. A.M

Time schedule P&R schedule varies from the tourist peak season to the time when the tourism drops, below

the time table shown for different season during the year. The information should be shown


at every P&R stops and also in Park and Ride site, Whitby bus station and Whitby visitor’s

information centre.

Table 8 Green P&R Time Schedule

Season/ Days Operation Hours

April- September

Monday- Friday

Weekends/ Bank Holidays

Service every 15 minutes

7am to 9pm

6am to 10pm

October- March

Monday- Friday

Weekends/ Bank Holidays

Service every 25 minutes

7am to 4pm

7am to 7pm

Fares

The fares will be similar or close to the existing Park and ride in Whitby, fares shown

below.

Table 9 Park and Ride Fares

Type of fare Price

Basic fare Single £1.50

Return £2.30

Young person

(aged 5 - 17 years old)

Single £0.75

Return £1.15

Concessionary fare scheme

(people with a senior or disabled persons bus

pass)

Return £1.15

Family ticket

(up to two children under 16 and two adults)

£4.80

Weekly ticket £10

Monthly ticket £35

A.M

Cost:

The method we used to calculate the total cost of constructing Green P&R was comparison

method, which means compare to similar project we determined the total cost.


Compare to the existing park and ride in Whitby the total cost could be around £3500000 -

£4000000, because of the size of the site and the capacity of parking spaces.

Conclusion; The Green Park and Ride Facility proposed for Whitby; it can be determined that the viability

of the development has a strong argument. The report of the development has discussed the

design requirements for such an important facility, from choosing of the location, size of

facility in terms of amount of cars it can service, the environmental impact of the

development within a national park and the design that it blends in to its natural environment

as finest as is possible.

A transportation system was examined with possible routes, a solution of small electrical

buses was decided because of speed and manoeuvrability purposes which would be a

problem with in a town of narrow road passageways.

A design for the Station building to service the Car Park was considered with a total cost of

construction around £3500000 - £4000000. Final designs would be subject to the national

park planning specifications

A.M


AM

Figure 84 Green Park & Ride Construction Gantts Chart (with total of 207 days)

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Set up a location for establishment

Prepare the location for Basic material to Arrive

Site investigation

Site excavation

Sewage and pipe networking

Installing the reinforced steel bars

Pouring the foundation

Building facilities

Grasscrete parking spaces

Road layout

Asphalt-Road

Paint and mark the bays

Land scaping

Clearing the site


87

Endeavour Wharf Centre (Edison Derrick Mugoya)

Training is the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and competencies as a result of the

teaching of vocational or practical skills and knowledge that relate to specific useful

competencies. This proposal is located on the endeavour wharf of Whitby’s upper harbour

on the west side of the river Esk. This facility is a tertiary sector of development, in the sense

that it provides a service for the people that will require it. The endeavour wharf centre is a

multifunctional structure that will be architectural challenging as it will need to be the centre

of the new development both commercial and economical whistles retaining an aesthetically

accepted design to the locals. It will have to be sustainable in operations, integrated with the

environment and with a minimum effect on the flora and fauna ecosystem.

The Location of the endeavour wharf is on a grid reference of NZ 89684 10723 and

the area of development is given as 9,487.89 m2 as shown (fig 1). Figure 1 shows the

proposed area of development highlighted in purple and its location on the west side of the

river Esk.

Geology of the endeavour wharf centre location The geology report covered in the later section covers the general geology of Whitby and

relying on that information is a little vague. The location of the centre has a borehole BH 111

and BH 110 located on the north of the proposal and provides us with adequate information

regarding the soil beneath the endeavour wharf. As shown below (fig 2) over the proposed

centre only one superficial deposit rock type covers the area that is alluvium (AVL).

E.D.M

Figure 85 Construction site area


88

More specifically endeavour wharf centre proposal has the borehole data BH 111,

BH 110 listed in table 1 below. The data in the tables are given to a depth up-till 25meters

below the ground surface.

Table 10 BH110 GL

BH 110 GL- 1.96m AOD

Soil Type Thickness (m)

Soft, black clayey silt with decomposed plant debris and wood 1.30

Soft, dark brown silty clay with pieces of wood and sub-angular

gravel

0.80

Soft grey / brown organic material becoming silty alluvium 2.90

Firm red / brown clay 1.80

Medium sub-angular to Sub-rounded grey brown gravel with

sand and sub-angular sandstone cobbles.

6.70

Light grey highly weathered siltstone very weak 1.60

Grey to black thinly laminated mudstone highly fossiliferous.

Fracture spacing close to moderate.

8.60

Table 11 BH 111

BH 111 GL- 5.82m AOD

Soil Type Thickness (m)

Soft grey / brown silty clay with fine sub-angular gravel 2.00

Soft to firm red / brown sandy clay 2.10

Medium sub-angular to sub-rounded grey brown gravel with sand

and sub-angular sandstone cobbles.

1.05

Figure 86 Overall geology of Whitby area at a map scale of 1:5000 (digimap reference, 2014)

E.D.M


89

dark grey / brown weathered siltstone and mudstone weak to

moderate strength

3.35

Grey to black thinly laminated mudstone highly fossiliferous.

Fracture spacing close to moderate.

11.50

Based on the data from the borehole we can find the material strength of each

sedimentary level and calculate the ultimate bearing capacity and shear resistance of the

soil at which the structure will be resting on. This information will help us decide the depth to

which the foundation should reach and also give us an idea as to whether underground

parking would be structural stable as a viable attempt to reducing congestion within this

area.

Flood risk around the endeavour wharf, flooding is a major challenge in any coastal

or flood plain development. According to Whitby’s history on flooding it has had several tidal

and overflow bank floods from the river; last major one occurred in 1983.

The areas that are directly affected from these phenomena’s are within the flooding

plain of the river Esk. Church Street, Pier Road and New Quays Road just to name a few

where seriously affected when the over flow of sea water was pushed upstream. A

substantial amount of water rushed in a manner that the river Esk couldn’t handle busting its

banks and flooding the upper harbour. The harbour area was covered with water reaching a

height of 1

2 meter making it difficult for many businesses and shops in this area to function.

The endeavour wharf centre like

the designs seen off Spital Bridge

whereby the ground floor area was used

as an open area and nothing of significant value is located on the ground level. This is a

method used with structures over the sea sides as an effect to keep the water out. A

prediction of rising sea level water in Whitby area is assuming 5mm/year, given a decade or

so this figure may increase making it more of a risk to the structures in Whitby. The highest

recorded tide at Whitby is 3.0 m so our design must incorporate this into the design of the

centre. The expected sea-level rise associate with climate change will result in an increase

in the probability of flooding, Floods period are expected to occur every 50yrs, so the next

major flood is expected to happen around 2030 because the last major one was in (1983),

with more risk and affect. Strong floods are known to damage and break water piers so the

structure proposed will have to withstand these elements without over designed parameter,

what I mean by that is a thick column that is costly in terms of material but still provides a

relatively strong means of protection against the floods.

E.D.M


90

As shown above if

the water level rises and the river floods its banks then the occupants of the building won’t

be affected as the first floor is raised to a level above the highest recorded flood. This design

element has a huge cost benefit in times like these where the property damage to the

structure will be minimized and it provides easy access for the water to spread during the

flood. Buildings and other structures within a flood plain zone only increase the discharge

time of the river, however a good drainage system may pose as a solution to spread the

water out more quickly avoiding/reducing the chances of a flood.

Sustainable use of the structure

The endeavour wharf provides a fantastic location that will be an attraction to tourists

and will bring a new iconic symbol to Whitby. The endeavour wharf centre will have to be

sustainably managed during the operations of the build. A computer will monitor the

temperature, air quality, and usage of electricity, water and gas within the structure. It will

attempt to maintain a comfortable space whistle using minimal energy. It will be a

monumental and an aspirational concept that should be considered as the golden nugget to

the Whitby experience, a must see facility.

The Integrated design of the endeavour wharf will have masts like captain cooks

ship, however the masts are designed to channel warm air through it to then turn turbines

and generate its own electric. This technology though farfetched can be a pioneering

example to the buildings ability to sustainable manage and control its environment.

Furthermore, its proposed that orientation of the building is north facing to allow maximum

exposure to the sun light so as to use less energy for lighting up rooms and spaces. Also

solar panels may be considered though a downside to it is that it might be visually

unappealing to the nature of Whitby’s upper harbour scene.

E.D.M

Figure 87 Good example of basement design


91

The endeavour wharf centre will accommodate a space suitable for a temporary exhibition,

art gallery and museum. This space will be open to the public and will also act as a tourist

destination attracting more tourism to the endeavour wharf centre. On the ground floor shops

and restaurants such as fish and chips shops, McDonalds and pizza hut may be situated

here as well. Some ideas of the usage of space include a bowling alley way and indoor mini

golf structure as such activities will draw the youth back into Whitby.

E.D.M

Figure 88 Proposal design for the endeavour wharf centre (AutoCAD drawing, 2104)


92

On the 1st floor of the centre this space has been used for the allocations for 2 lecture

theatres and 3 seminar rooms for the sole purpose of training. Smaller standard class rooms

may be added depending on the nature of training the client will be interested in attaining.

This floor is dedicated to an educational firm that will provide unique skills not learnt from

school; skills such as culinary class and boat and sailing training for fisher men and boat

management. The lecture theatres are multipurpose so they can be converted into cinema

theatres providing an additional 2 screens on show. Currently there are no proper cinema

facilities in Whitby so this will be a first of its kind, with huge benefits for the young and old

population demography.

On the 2nd floor computer suites or cyber café will we allocated in the space available

after the office spaces and meeting rooms have been taken. The needed for good office

space screams out in Whitby as old buildings may be a tourist attraction but are not suitably

designed for modern office work of today. Standard office size rooms and working spaces

have increased with time some this floor is dedicated to a design for a large investing

company that will require office spaces in the heart of Whitby city. The office space will

include its own kitchen and bathroom facilities and a reception area as well.

As shown above (fig 5) the proposed endeavour wharf centre also provides some

room for parking facilities on its south face for the offices located on the 2nd floor of the

centre. This reduces the number of cars parked on the side kerbs of hotels and restaurants

also it will aid in increased parking if sections of it where open to the public but charged

slightly more for the purpose of numbers.

Materials Used for Construction

(Fig 6) above shows the proposed centre in a 3 dimensional conceptual view. The roof in the

lower section is made from a transparent synthetic plastic that is both durable and elastic.

This material can withstand pressure of up to 150MPa. (http://www.matweb.com/). This

gives the glass the ability to resist breaking under tensile stress which is one of the most

important and widely measured properties of materials used in structural applications. Table

2 below gives the ultimate tensile strength of the proposed plastics that could be considered.

Table 12 The ultimate tensile strength, elongation and modulus of various plastics

(http://www.matweb.com/)

Polymer Type Ultimate

Tensile

Strength(MPa)

Elongation (%)

Tensile

ModulusPa)

E.D.M

Figure 89 Conceptual drawing of the endeavour wharf (AutoCAD drawing)


93

ABS 40 30 2.3

ABS + 30% Glass

Fiber

60 2 9

Acetal Copolymer 60 45 2.7

Acetal Copolymer

+ 30% Glass Fiber

110 3 9.5

Acrylic 70 5 3.2

Nylon 6 70 90 1.8

Polyamide-Imide 110 6 4.5

Polycarbonate 70 100 2.6

Polyethylene,

HDPE

15 500 0.8

Polyethylene

Terephthalate

(PET)

55 125 2.7

Polyimide 85 7 2.5

Polyimide + Glass

Fiber

150 2 12

Polypropylene 40 100 1.9

Polystyrene 40 7 3

The main structure of the building i.e. the core area and all the columns and beams will be reinforced with rebar’s of M35 (table4) which can withstand a tensile force of 7.85kgm-1 and the concrete used will have a Characteristic compressive strength of 30N/mm2 at 28 days with a 2.5% defective rate (k=1.96). Portland cement class 42.5 proposed with a maximum aggregate size, 20 mm and a maximum free-water/cement ratio, 0.55 the minimum cement content, 290kg/m3. Fine aggregate grading as following table. Table 13 Taken from calcrete computer learning package the fine aggregate grading table.

Sieve size Weight retained (g)

5 mm 0

2.36 mm 40

1.18 mm 40

600 μm 70

300 μm 200

E.D.M


94

150 μm 100

Pan 50

Metric sizes

Metric bar designation represents the specified rebar stick diameter in millimetres, rounded to the nearest 5 mm.

Table 14 list of rebar’s and their tensile strength taken from http://www.rebar-info.com/

Bar

Size

Mass

(kg/m)

Nom

Diam.

(mm)

Cross-

Section

Area

(mm2)

#10 M 0.785 11.3 100

#15 M 1.570 16.0 200

#20 M 2.355 19.5 300

#25 M 3.925 25.2 500

#30 M 5.495 29.9 700

#35 M 7.850 35.7 1000

#45 M 11.775 43.7 1500

#55 M 19.625 56.4 2500

Based off the general rock types used in Whitby surrounding structures Shale would be

suitable for the walls and bricks could be made from the rock cliff sides on the east cliff.

Method Statement (Edison Derrick Mugoya) Planning scope

Several detailed designs combined makes up the single viable solutions

Combination of the commercial development and Bridge

Please address to all the area of the brief

Methods statements and Risk assessment, for commercial and bridge development

We need 10 more significant methods of construction operations, foundation, roofing, shear walls and glass windows fittings such stuff

Every proposal should consider flooding, erosion weathering etc off the brief note…

For example the endeavor wharf provides a fantastic location that will be an attraction to tourists and will bring a new iconic symbol to Whitby other than the captain cook boats and famous fish and chips attractions of current times. It will be monumental, aspirational and considered as the golden nugget to the Whitby experience, a must see facility.

Training Centre will be done by Edison Derrick Mugoya.

Drawings printed in A3 for both commercial and bridge, in a first angle projection

E.D.M


95

Clearing land for Development

E.D.M

Figure 90 Tracked excavator (internet Reference)


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y 2

6, 2

01

6

Tue

sday

, Feb

ruar

y 2

, 20

16

Tue

sday

, Feb

ruar

y 9

, 20

16

Tue

sday

, Feb

ruar

y 1

6, 2

01

6

Tue

sday

, Feb

ruar

y 2

3, 2

01

6

Tue

sday

, Mar

ch 1

, 20

16

Tue

sday

, Mar

ch 8

, 20

16

Tue

sday

, Mar

ch 1

5, 2

01

6

Tue

sday

, Mar

ch 2

2, 2

01

6

Tue

sday

, Mar

ch 2

9, 2

01

6

Tue

sday

, Ap

ril 5

, 20

16

Tue

sday

, Ap

ril 1

2, 2

01

6

Tue

sday

, Ap

ril 1

9, 2

01

6

Tue

sday

, Ap

ril 2

6, 2

01

6

Tue

sday

, May

3, 2

01

6

Tue

sday

, May

10

, 20

16

Planning Scope

Clear Land for Development

Excavate to 25m depth

Bored or Driven piles

Reinforcements added to piles and Slab

Slab of concrete to piles

Basement Pillars and columns

Geogrids and Earth refill

Floor Slab to begin ground floor

Columns and Core Areas construction

Assembling stairs and lift shaft

Anochring the Cranes and sites manuoevurings

Joints to the main floor slab

Bolting Plates to columns and beams

Erections of scaffolding

Formworks and Cladding

Roof fittings

E.D.M


97

The equipment in this category includes machines that are used in digging

excavations and in trenching operations. Although many operations that involve digging

material could be called an excavation, we have listed equipment here that is most often

used to dig more size limited excavations and trench excavations.

Some of the equipment listed in this section is used in various precision types excavating

due to their manoeuvrability. The large “mass excavators” will be found in the earthmoving

and mining section that follows.

[1] Leading the list of excavating and trenching equipment s is a combination type

machine called the loader backhoe, backhoe loader, or tractor backhoe. This is one of the

most versatile pieces of equipment built. Dredges are machines that are used to excavate

are that are under water. Dredges are used to deepen harbours and waterways and in that

sense are excavating machines and are included in this section. They are also used in

underwater mining. (Rhino Marketing.inc 2014)

[2] Excavators come in two basic forms, as shown in figure 7 tracked and wheeled.

The tracked excavator is more common place, due to it having better flotation and traction

characteristics than the wheeled excavator. These machines are used in many different

industries due to their versatility. Chain and wheel trenchers are effective at creating

trenches that are dug close to design depth. Trenches that are not dug deep enough can

often result in having to re-dig the trench, often from the side in an operation known as side-

digging. This can be very wasteful and expensive. Digging trenches that are deeper than

necessary is also wasteful and expensive, and is known as unnecessary “over dig”. (Rhino

Marketing.inc, 2014)

EDM

Figure 91 Figure 7 Gantts Chart On the different construction Operations


98

Figure 92 The Drills used for Bored piles (http://www.heavyequipment.com/heavy-

equipment/excavation-trenching.)

E.D.M


99

Figure 93 Crane used for lifting (Internet, reference 2014)

Cost of Endeavour EDM

Table 15 Unit Price

TABLE 5-2: Unit Prices in Two Contractors' Bids for Roadway Construction

Items Unit Quantity Unit price

1 2

Mobilization ls 1 115,000 569,554

Removal, berm lf 8,020 1.00 1.50

Finish subgrade sy 1,207,500 0.50 0.30

Surface ditches lf 525 2.00 1.00

Excavation structures cy 7,000 3.00 5.00

Base course, untreated, 3/4'' ton 362,200 4.50 5.00

Lean concrete, 4'' thick sy 820,310 3.10 3.00

PCC, pavement, 10'' thick sy 76,010 10.90 12.00


100

Concrete, ci AA (AE) ls 1 200,000 190,000

Small structure cy 50 500 475

Barrier, precast lf 7,920 15.00 16.00

Flatwork, 4'' thick sy 7,410 10.00 8.00

10'' thick sy 4,241 20.00 27.00

Slope protection sy 2,104 25.00 30.00

Metal, end section, 15'' ea 39 100 125

18'' ea 3 150 200

Post, right-of-way, modification lf 4,700 3.00 2.50

Salvage and relay pipe lf 1,680 5.00 12.00

Loose riprap cy 32 40.00 30.00

Braced posts ea 54 100 110

Delineators, type I lb 1,330 12.00 12.00

type II ea 140 15.00 12.00

Constructive signs fixed sf 52,600 0.10 0.40

Barricades, type III lf 29,500 0.20 0.20

Warning lights day 6,300 0.10 0.50

Pavement marking, epoxy material

Black gal 475 90.00 100

Yellow gal 740 90.00 80.00

White gal 985 90.00 70.00

Plowable, one-way white ea 342 50.00 20.00

Topsoil, contractor furnished cy 260 10.00 6.00

Seedling, method A acr 103 150 200

Excelsior blanket sy 500 2.00 2.00

Corrugated, metal pipe, 18'' lf 580 20.00 18.00

Polyethylene pipe, 12'' lf 2,250 15.00 13.00

Catch basin grate and frame ea 35 350 280

Equal opportunity training hr 18,000 0.80 0.80

E.D.M


101

Granular backfill borrow cy 274 10.00 16.00

Drill caisson, 2'x6'' lf 722 100 80.00

Flagging hr 20,000 8.25 12.50

Prestressed concrete member

type IV, 141'x4'' ea 7 12,000 16.00

132'x4'' ea 6 11,000 14.00

Reinforced steel lb 6,300 0.60 0.50

Epoxy coated lb 122,241 0.55 0.50

Structural steel ls 1 5,000 1,600

Sign, covering sf 16 10.00 4.00

type C-2 wood post sf 98 15.00 17.00

24'' ea 3 100 400

30'' ea 2 100 160

48'' ea 11 200 300

Auxiliary sf 61 15.00 12.00

Steel post, 48''x60'' ea 11 500 700

type 3, wood post sf 669 15.00 19.00

24'' ea 23 100 125

30'' ea 1 100 150

36'' ea 12 150 180

42''x60'' ea 8 150 220

48'' ea 7 200 270

Auxiliary sf 135 15.00 13.00

Steel post sf 1,610 40.00 35.00

12''x36'' ea 28 100 150

Foundation, concrete ea 60 300 650

Barricade, 48''x42'' ea 40 100 100

Wood post, road closed lf 100 30.00 36.00

E.D.M


102

Portland cement grout pumped into place is between £4 and £10 per cubic foot including overhead and profit. In addition to the variation in the unit cost, the total cost of the bottom section will depend upon the thickness of the soil layer grouted and the proportion of voids in the soil. That is: for a 4 ft layer with 20% voids, grouting cost = £1,152,000 to £2,880,000 for a 4 ft layer with 30% voids, grouting cost = £1,728,000 to £4,320,000 for a 6 ft layer with 20% voids, grouting cost = £1,728,000 to £4,320,000 for a 6 ft layer with 30% voids, grouting cost = £2,592,000 to £6,480,000 EDM

Table 16 Cost Factors of Processing

TABLE 5-4 Cost Factors of Processing Units for Treatment Plants

Processing

unit

Unit of

capacity

K Value

(1968 £)

m

value

1. Liquid processing

Oil separation mgd 58,000 0.84

Hydroclone degritter mgd 3,820 0.35

Primary sedimentation ft2 399 0.60

Furial clarifier ft2 700 0.57

Sludge aeration basin mil. gal. 170,000 0.50

Tickling filter ft2 21,000 0.71

Aerated lagoon basin mil. gal. 46,000 0.67

Equalization mil. gal. 72,000 0.52

Neutralization mgd 60,000 0.70

2. Sludge handling

Digestion ft3 67,500 0.59

Vacuum filter ft2 9,360 0.84

Centrifuge lb dry

solids/hr

318 0.81


103

Source: Data are collected from various sources by P.M. Berthouex. See the

references for the primary sources.

TABLE 5-6 Illustrative Cost Estimate Using Labour, Material and Equipment Rates

Description Quantity

Qi

Material

unit cost

Mi

Equipment

unit cost

Ei

Wage

rate

Wi

Labour

input

Li

Labour

unit cost

WiLi

Direct

cost

Yi

Formwork 12,000 ft2 £0.4/ft2 £0.8/ft2 £15/hr 0.2 hr/ft2 $3.0/ft2 £50,400

Rebars 4,000 lb 0.2/lb 0.3/lb 15/hr 0.04 hr/lb 0.6/lb 4,440

Concrete 500 yd3 5.0/yd3 50/yd3 15/hr 0.8 hr/yd3 12.0/yd3 33,500

Total £88,300

TABLE 5-5 Illustrative Decomposition of Building Foundation Costs

Design

elements

Contract elements

Formwork Rebars Concrete Total cost

Footings £5,000 $10,000 £13,000 £28,000

Foundation

walls

15,000 18,000 28,000 61,000

Elevator pit 9,000 15,000 16,000 40,000

Total cost £29,000 $43,000 £57,000 £129,000

Given the above table to calculate the total cost of the Proposal toward the Endeavour Wharf

Centre is roughly based on the construction with consideration of before/current/after

operations, materials and cost of labour this brings us to a total cost of £6,697,300.

E.D.M


104

Risk Assessment

This is a risk assessment report for the construction of the Endeavour Wharf has been

considered; as the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (HASAWA) and the Management of

Health and Safety at Work regulations 1999 require a risk assessment to show that we have

placed a reasonably practical scheme to reduce the hazards on a construction site.

Table 17 Risk Assessment

Likelihood of

Accident

Rating Severity of Accident Rating

Almost certain 5 Deaths, widespread

loss

5

Likely 4 Major injury, major

loss

4

Equal chance 3 Injury requiring 3

days or more

absence

3

Possibly 2 Minor injury/illness.

Immediate first aid

2

Negligible 1 None or very minor

injury/illness

1

Based on the table above the matrix below classifies the likelihood vs severity and conveys

the chance of the hazard causing harm. The higher the score the more likely the risk. The

colours give a sense of the intensity; green is acceptable and red is very severe.

E.D.M


105

Table 18 Risk Assessment Sheet

BRADFORD UNIVERSITY Endeavour Wharf Centre

RISK ASSESSMENT SHEET

DATE 23/11/14 EDM SHEET No / 1

Activity Hazard People at risk Risk rating Control measures or comments Risk rating Result

(Green, Amber,

Red)

S L R S L R

Crane Machinery

Injury to personnel

Personnel in the

crane cab

3 3 9 A maintenance and service schedule is to be

established and implemented. Keys to the crane

must be signed out

2 3 6 Green

Lifting

Failure of lifting

equipment

Damage to

buildings/equipment

and injury/death to

personnel

5 3 15 All lifting equipment is to be certificated and

inspected regularly. A copy of certification is to be

posted for record keeping and reference.

5 2 10 Amber

Falling Materials

Damage to

buildings/equipment

and injury/death to

people on ground

5 3 15 All lifts are to be carried out as directed in the lifting

assessments and schedule of common. All lifts are

to be carried out by competent trained

slinger/signallers

5 2 10 Amber


106

Access to and from

site

Exposure to debris

and risk of being hit

Risk to: Public/

Operators/ Site

Operatives

3 2 6 All other site operatives to be made aware of crane

movement. High visibility jacket for ground

works/people.

2 2 4 Green

Maneuvering around

site

Ground

Conditions

Crane travelling over

unprepared or

uneven ground

possible damage to

ground surface and

or crane and

property.

3 3 9 Ground to be assessed at time of site inspection.

Ground improvement to be implemented where

needed. Operator/Crane Supervisor to inspect on

day of operation.

3 2 6 Green

Lifting

Heavy loads

Co-coordinator and

crane supervisor

4 3 12 Visual assessments are to be made by competent

personnel to ensure the correct lifting equipment is

used for the lift and that the crane is able to lift the

weight of the load at the required radius

4 2 8 Amber

Lifting

High Winds

Instability and loss of

control of lifting

operation

3 3 9 Wind speeds within the site area are to be

monitored and all lifting operations are to be done in

strict conditions not reaching threating wind speeds

3 1 3 Green

Crane Machinery Unscheduled / Non

competent lifts

Damage to

buildings/equipment

and injury/death to

personnel

4 2 8 No unauthorized persons are to carry out any lifting

operations; all operatives are to show proof of their

competency prior to employment.

4 1 4 Green

Positioning of crane Close proximity of

cranes/building/publ

ic amenities

Entanglement

leading to loss of

integrity of load

3 3 9 A safe system of work is to be done ensuring that

the risk of collision is removed.

3 1 3 Green

Location of dead

cranes

Sleeping or dead

cranes.

Collision of cranes 4 2 8 Crash radio system or a zoning system fitted to the

crane. Removing the dead crane off the site.

4 1 4 Green

E.D.M


107

Manual operations Manual

Handling and

signalling

Incorrect signals give

to crane operator

causing damage to

loads, property or

injury to personnel.

5 4 20 Qualified Signalers to use recognized hand signals

or radio commands to communicate with crane

operators.

5 2 10 Amber

BREEAM ASSESSMENT

BREEAM is the world's foremost environmental assessment method and rating system for buildings, with 250,000 buildings with

certified BREEAM assessment ratings and over a million registered for assessment since it was first launched in 1990.

BREEAM sets the standard for best practice in sustainable building design, construction and operation and has become one of the most

comprehensive and widely recognized measures of a building's environmental performance. It encourages designers, clients and others to

think about low carbon and low impact design, minimizing the energy demands created by a building before considering energy efficiency and

low carbon technologies.

A BREEAM assessment uses recognized measures of performance, which are set against established benchmarks, to evaluate a building’s

specification, design, construction and use. The measures used represent a broad range of categories and criteria from energy to ecology.

They include aspects related to energy and water use, the internal environment (health and well-being), pollution, transport, materials, waste,

ecology and management processes.

E.D.M


108

To meet the maximum amount of sustainability possible throughout the entire life cycle of the

endeavor design will comply with the fullest extent of BREEAM. BREEAM, or Building

Research Establishment’s Environment Assessment Method, aims to provide:

An unbiased independent assessment method for the sustainably of building

Recognition and ranking of a building sustainability credentials

A ranking system to stimulate the demand for sustainable building

Sustainability is a key part of our project brief as we are required to construct a building that

aims to:

Increase energy efficiency and reduce C02 emissions throughout the life and

construction of building.

Reduce mains water usage.

Employ recycled and reused low impact and locally sourced materials throughout

construction.

Improve and enhance existing buildings and design for longevity.

Utilise Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS).

Provide adequate space for recycling and composting.

Monitor and penalize pollution.

Measure, integrate and enhance biodiversity.

Strategically reduce the need to travel by car.

Using these guidelines I have separated the BREEM codes and practices into a table that is

relevant to the project brief requirements and the endeavour structure. (See table 6)

EDM

Summary to Endeavour Wharf Centre Proposal (Edison Derrick Mugoya)

I believe the endeavour wharf centre is a viable development proposal as it meets

the client’s brief whistle extenuating the sustainability issues that come with this level of

construction. Simple considerations such as orientation of the structure facing the east side

receives majority of the suns energy and carefully placed ventilations help to mitigate the

carbon footprint of the building. According to the BREEAM assessment this proposal is

ranked in an exclusive class that can be compared to Hayden Hills Cardiff University which

in itself is competitive on the global market. On the financial front the cost of the entire

proposal is £6,697,300 making it affordable for the Whitby Coastal development Consortium

(CDC). As a training centre it is more than adequate to host a tourist festival as its flexibility

and large open spaces gives rise to this making it an ideal location for this purpose. The

architectural designs can be easily changed and manipulated as the structure has given

room for such adjustments. Flora and Fauna is usually an aspect of development that is

pushed aside in terms of priority however the integrated design of the roof greenery provides


109

a space to allow a controlled amount of unique flora and fauna to be inhabited, as the

example in New York whereby a new species of frog was discovered! Social inputs towards

the proposal has been optimistic with a comment from a lady of TOFFE coffee shop saying

she would like to see a facility that can accommodate both the elderly and maintain a friendly

environment for the youngster.

Detailed Proposal Tourist Attraction Water Sport) (Alan Majeed) The water sports industry has seen big changes over the past decade, people enjoying

these types of adventures particularly during their special events such as birthdays,

anniversaries or summer holidays. Whitby as a coastal town lacks of these type of activities

in particular and north Yorkshire in general, at the same time Whitby geographically has all

what these activities needs from the beach to river and hills and areas surround by trees.

During summer time in Whitby’s west side bay the activities flourish along the beach on a

low tide, from a social aspect more people are will be willing to travel to Whitby if there were

more water activities for all age groups, because this will make Whitby more unique in

Yorkshire particularly and England as a whole. This will create more revenue for CDC and

helps the young people to stay in Whitby.

In recent years according to the demography majority of the population are moving towards

the elderly. It shown on an age to percentile graph that there is about 60-70% of the

population over the ages of 35 this is above the generally age accepted as youth. The

increase in this figure has led to a deterioration of activities that are suitable and enjoyable to

the youth. Whitby’s main concern is to encourage the youth to return to Whitby by means of

introducing fun and innovative activities to attract the youth back to Whitby and to balance

out the demography. The elderly are become less capable to work due to physical demands.

The youth restores and encourages growth on all fronts, finically, economically, social and in

some cases environmental.

A.M

Figure 94demography of Whitby town in 2009(http://www.surreyi.gov.uk)


110

As shown in the graph a demography of Whitby town in 2009 shows that the population

seems to be necking down below the ages of 30-34 as its decline in activities for the youth is

clearly evident based from this. This graph also tells us that the general trend of Yorkshire

seems to aging more making it more difficult for development to occur as old traits persist.

We recognise the need to preserve our history whistle the needs for modern growth is

adjustable. However at what cost will we strive for change in Whitby? As engineers it’s our

job to assess such matters and to see how they way out the negatives. One solution towards

this is to encourage the youth to involve themselves in development that will be beneficial for

them and their future.

One of the proposed ideas was to construct a retractable floating cabin to be placed on the

west cliff pier that will be designed for the sole purpose of water sports. Jet skis are the up

and coming water sport activities rated by the youth as advancements and water jet

technology has been praised through media and social networks. This will not affect the

pier’s structure at all as its very light in terms of weight and it’s movable, we could always

locate it somewhere else.

A.M

Figure 95 Jet Ski (www.evergladesjetpackadventures.com)

Figure 96 3D proposed location for platform


111

This proposal as shown above the rectangle platform hangs off the west cliff piers and has a

motor to indulge the whole structure to move up and down with the tides. Its purpose is to

lower its self onto the water surface safely to allow the elderly to use the facility as well. It is

made of a material plastic that has a buoyancy force of 1500kgm-3 which will ensure that the

structure can float. As shown on the right it has enough room to place a tent and hosts of up

to 30persons at a go without punching the plastic.

Another proposal is to provide a totally mobile or movable floating platform made of plastic

that can be take part or put together quickly, this could be delivered or removed from the

coast using boats or vehicles as shown in the figure below.

Figure 97moveable floating platform (http://www.ecvv.com)

The activity that we could offer at this location contains jet packs, Jet Ski, parasailing,

banana boat, glass bottom boat and fly fish as seen from the figure below A.M

Figure 98Figure () Water sport activities www.evergladesjetpackadventures.com


112

Other activities that we could bring to Whitby with our water sport proposal would be similar

to what is in North Wales currently called Bala Water sport, which is an adventure and

excitement of outdoor pursuits, to individuals, families, schools and groups. There are wide

range of activities on offer, including canoeing/kayaking, climbing/abseiling, windsurfing,

sailing, archery, camp craft, raft building, mountain biking, power boating, hill

walking, gorge walking, and white-water rafting.

Figure 99 Canoeing, kayaking and Raft building for families (http://www.balawatersports.com)

Fees; Fees of these activities are varies as shown below;

Water jets: £89 for 25min

Jet Skis: £90 per person

Raft building for families: £40

Full day kayaking: £80

Family Camp Craft: £20

Archery: £20

A conversation with some locals had us convinced that water sports were the solution to be

introduced as activity that would increase and improve tourism to Whitby and enjoinment for

locals. Based on this and our own visits to the site we would use Bala water sports services

to fund this idea for future development given the raise in the population density that strive

for this activity.

Coast; The coast of these equipment will not be that much as for the jet packs they cost around

£6,000 and the jet skis are about £5,000. The whole project could cost up to £500,000

including the movable decks. But there is always possibility that CDC could tender this to

other companies who are specialised in this field without spending any money and let the

companies do the job and brings in profits to Whitby.

Based on the advantages and disadvantages this proposal was a popular choice as shown

below in the table. A.M


113

Table 19 Matrix Form

Commercial

development:

Water sport and jet pack

Parameters Advantages Rate Disadvantages Rate

Employment

For Locals

Create jobs for locals, and

brings money to Whitby 5

Training might be provided

from outside (temp) 0

Environmental No environmental effect

4

it may cause disruption to

the marine life (if there is

any) along the coast or river

Esk 1

Tourist

Attraction

Big time!! Since there is

none in Yorkshire and other

close area 5

None

0

Cost very cheap compare to any

other projects 4

Gears or Parts might need

to be imported 1

Traffic

Congestion

none

2

It could limit the activities

where ever it located (

coast, Esk river) 3

Social Aspect Brings joy to every one

(young people, Tourist,

locals) it’s a must try for

every one 4

maybe adults only

1

Architectural

Compatibility

none

5

Nice to see, even just

watching! 0

Parking Use park and ride 2 none 3

Risk We could overcome the risk

by training and better H&S

plan 1

not suitable for people who

doesn’t know how to swim

4

Construction

Time

only few weeks

4

none

1

Financial

Income

It’s a very good income for

Whitby, 4

none

1

Durability designed for both fresh and

salt water use with all

exposed metal pieces made

of either stainless steel or

hard coat anodized

aluminium with Teflon

coating to protect against

corrosion and abrasion, but 2

parts could be a bit

expensive due to potage

3


114

crushable if not used

accordingly

Accessibility easy 4 none 1

Benefit For

Locals

more jobs, good fun for

young’s and others to watch 4

none

1

Safety of User Safe if H&S rules followed 1 Safe if H&S rules followed 4

Effect on Local

Business

simply more tourism more

money for locals Business 4

none

1

Limited to

Seasonal

Possibility extend to few

month in the year 1

good in summer or dry time

4

Maintenance Gears need maintenance,

Bringing more jobs to Whitby

by employing other skills to

do the maintenance. 1

Gears needs maintenance,

cost more money

4

Multifunctional scooper diving , jet pack, fly

fish, parasailing, banana

boat, glass bottom boat, jet

ski, etc. 3

none

2

Ingenuity The whole thing is movable

from one location to another 5

none

0

Total 65 35

Summary; This proposal has potential because Whitby as a coastal town lacks of these type of

activities in particular and north Yorkshire in general, at the same time Whitby geographically

has all what these activities needs from the beach to river and hills and areas surround by

trees. It would attract more tourism to Whitby and helps the youngsters to stay in Whitby

along with creating more revenue to CDC.

A.M


115

New Bridge Proposal (Khalid Al-Ahbabi)

Swing Bridge:

Currently there are only two bridges that cross the river Esk in Whitby, they are the Swing

Bridge and high level bridge.

One of the major difficulties that the residents of Whitby are facing is, dealing with the Swing

Bridge. A single lane carriageway across the river Esk and one very narrow footpath on each

side. It has been built in July 1909 (over 100 of years old) which makes it a heritage for the

local people. Recently the bridge has taken some damages, but not major ones. The cost is

about 60000 pounds annually for maintenance. The bridge situation is really bad and this is

mainly from the constant loads from the vehicles.

Problems caused by the swing bridge:

It costs around 60000 pounds annually for maintenance

The increase rate of an accident to the pedestrians using the bridge

Some of the tourist spill off the footpaths on the carriageway

The rate of accidents have increased due to the traffic on the bridge

The risk assessment done by Scarborough Borough council has reached

unacceptable high level

Problems facing the Swing Bridge:

K.A

Figure 100 Swing Bridge Group camera


116

Constant load from vehicles could cause sudden failure

The timber fender system cannot be relied upon

There might be some de-icing salt

Corrosion could affect the steel superstructure

Due to the paint there have been some pollution to river Esk

Site investigation: Due to the fact that the bridge has only one carriageway, means that only one single lane of

traffic flow is possible at one time. This causes a huge problem for businesses, locals and

tourists. Businesses cannot operate at optimum levels, delivery of products takes time to

reach and causes frustration, also single carriageway causes traffic congestion.

Thin narrow pavements do not help pedestrians at all, even the elderly and disabled people

are not safe to cross the bridge. Pedestrians walking along the roadway are a major breach

of the health and safety and are the main fundamental of road accidents that occur within

Whitby.

Regarding the bridge itself there were clear signs of corrosion on the bridge. This showed

that the need for a replacement or improvement was required as soon as possible, as delays

could cause further damage and possible failure of the bridge. Following research within

Whitby’s library, it was understood that in 1985, major refurbishment was carried out on the

bridge costing £400, 000. Repair work included replacing corroded steel, strengthening the

bridge, and applying long-lasting paint that prevents corrosion. Unfortunately the repair work

carried out in 1985 was clearly insufficient and only lasted a period of around 30 years, but

did solve short terms problems the bridge was facing.

Ever since, many issues have risen, the long-lasting paint has not had a positive effect and

has allowed for corrosion from tidal wives and rainfall. Constant attack from water and

oxygen has meant the paint has started falling off into the River Esk, which results in a

polluting the river that can produce germs and cause illnesses amongst the people and sea

life marine. De-icing salts are also a cause of corrosion to the bridge. Despite the

improvements already carried out, the swing bridge can be temperamental and cause faults,

which add up to the current maintenance costs of running the bridge. The bridge currently

has a timber-defense system that it blocks extreme tidal waves hitting the bridge at

maximum force, and also stops large stones. However, the timber defense is on its final

stages before failure and therefore is in a state of disrepair and must be disregarded in terms

of improvement.

Taking into consideration all the point above a final decision was taken to first introduce a

new single carriageway bascule bridge in Whitby town afterwards pedestrianizing the swing

bridge. This decision was taken because on behalf of resident of the town who disagree

totally with demolishing the bridge and the majority of them recommended this solution.

Conclusion:

First new bridge will be introduced in the location shown in the drawing section provided

below, which will provide one lane carriageway each side at the same time and pedestrian

crossing. After that the swing bridge will be refurbished due to the situation it’s in, also it will

be pedestrianized, chairs and lighting instrument will be installed. The swing bridge has to be

repainted and there will be no major maintenance and no further strengthening is required

due to the pedestrian have a maximum of load of 5kN/M2. The swing currently allows a

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117

maximum weight of 7.5 tonnes which is more than sufficient for the pedestrians.

Figure 101 showing the maximum amount of weight Group camera

New Bridge:

Introducing a new bascule bridge behind endeavour wharf the connect the each of the

parking to a cross the river Esk to reach the parking area next to Captain Cook museum,

which does not require any purchasing land or any listed building in the town. The bridge is

one lane carriageway which is more efficient and productive traffic flow due to the request of

the client. The width of the lane is 3 meters and on both sides the will be a pedestrian cross

that has a width of 2 meters. A plastic fence will be added between the pavement with a

height of 1 meter and the road for decoration, also elderly will have a space for a grip while

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118

they cross the bridge. In total the bridge width will be 7 meters in width and the length is 118

meters a cross the river. The picture below shows the location of the new bridge:

As you can see in this picture there is a very easy access road from the West side due to the

roundabout. An extra road with two lane carriageway is constructed to reach the bridge, just

before the bridge there will be a traffic light that allows the traffic to flow simultaneously,

which will help the supply of goods, resident and tourist to cross the river. On the East side

there is only a small space to reach the main road which is a parking facility that only needs

some adjustment so that it can be used as a road. This location has the minimum impact on

the residential properties due to they might live near the construction site. Also the location

has no significant disruption what so ever on the leisure and tourist facilities.

Materials:

Taking in to consideration the environment, weather condition and sustainability, these are

the main materials have been chosen to satisfy these three restrictions. They are:

Composite Steel

Mastic Asphalt

Concrete (from British Standard)

Paint (decoration)

Plastic fencing

Composite Steel:

Steel is the most sustainable construction bridge material, the basic raw material iron is the

most common of all the earth’s elements. It is an infinite resource as steel can be recycled

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Figure 102 Location of the New Bridge


119

indefinitely without any loss of property or performance. It is easily can be shaped into the

required forms in constructing the bridge. It only has one weakness which the rust due to the

weather condition in Whitby and the river, but also it is solvable. This is issue can be solved

be covering the steel or increase the amount of oxygen in the steel. These are the main

shapes will be required and they are I shape beam, steel stirrup in size 10mm and steel bars

with different sizes.

The supports of the crossing are located at the ends of the bridge (east & west of the River

Esk), where again be having bearing shelves and bearings. The actual spans (decks) will be

composite (steel, concrete and asphalt), it will include universal beams (UB) of 914x305x289

kg/m, as the UB will cost less than girders as they don’t need to be made to a certain size for

example either a wider flange or a thicker web. There will be stiffeners situated at both ends

of the beams in order for the bracing to be connected.

Steel is the most recycled production material and selecting it for a bridge represents a

sustainable management of natural resources. 95% of structural steel either finds its way

back into the steel production process where it is used to create new steel products, or is

reused. There is no humiliation in using of recycled steel, but it shows that you care about

the environment and the wellbeing of the world. Regarding CO2 emission this table showing

the carbon foot print and energy used to produce Steel:

Table 20 carbon footprint (http:// www.steelconstruction.org/resources/sustainability/carbon-

footprints-structures.html#)

Plate Sections Tubes Hot-Dip

Galvanized

Purlins

& rails

CO2

(Tonnes per tonne of

steel)

0.919 0.762 0.857 1.35 1.10

Energy

(GJ per tonne of steel)

17.37 13.12 15.42 21.63 19.38

This table only shows the production phase of the composite steel, after producing it and

transferring the material to the construction site there will be no emission what so ever.it is

also proven that the life span of steel is about 100 years which satisfy the client requirement.

The steel composite will be produced in a way of prevent corrosion and rust, so that it does

not lose its durability.

Mastic Asphalt:

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120

Mastic Asphalt is without question the toughest and most durable waterproof membrane

available to designers, it offers market leading longevity in excess of 80 years. Due to of its

characteristic strength and durability, it has been used on many high standard projects

throughout the UK particularly in situations where sustained traffic is common. The mastic

asphalt easily out performs all other types of waterproof road surfaces which are why it is

extensively used on bridges, mastic asphalt can be easily refurbished. Mastic Asphalt is so

durable over long periods that it is considered by construction professionals to have very low

impact on the environment. Reaching the finale years of the life span, mastic asphalt is

100% recyclable, making it the ideal environment friendly option. Mastic asphalt was the first

industry in the world to achieve the zero amount of carbon emission. It means that any

construction procedure receiving of mastic asphalt system will get a 100% CO2 neutral

solution. Mastic asphalt is proven as one of the most fire resistance materials used in

construction. In terms of noise pollution mastic asphalt produces the least amount of sound

noise sue to vehicles tires. In recent years the material has been reformulated to include

advanced polymers for increased durability, combining its traditional strengths with modern

technology. Not simply road material, it is used in various applications, including walkways

and roofs.

It is extremely resistant to all types of weather conditions and attacks from de-icing salt, tidal

waves and rain fall. Its durability is one of the few membranes able to handle consistent

heavy vehicular traffic, including from Heavy Goods Vehicles. It is also very easily repaired

when any damages occur.

Concrete:

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Figure 103 Mastic Asphalt (http://www.berkshiremacadams.co.uk/sma.htm)


121

XF4 concrete has been proven the most suitable concrete for this situation, according to the

British standards it has been recognized best solution for a high water saturation area with

de-icing salt and sea water contact. This type of concrete is mainly used for the bridges that

are exposed to freezing and frequent splashing due to tidal wave including the de-icing salt.

Going back to the table A.5 from BS 8500-1:2006 which has very high durability and working

life of at least 100 years it shows that XF4 is not one of them therefore other type of concrete

must to choose to accomplish the client requirements.

The new type is XS1 which have cover surface of

35mm, water cement ratio of 35/45, and strength of 380

and 100 years life span. Using 20mm maximum

aggregate size and Portland cement with 21% to 35% fly

ash is going to be used to produce this type of concrete.

Then reinforced steel bars with size of 16 mm diameter

two at the top and three at the bottom of the concrete

pier and at the end a stirrup steel at the end and top of

the column to produce the most sustainable reinforced

concrete pier. This just a simple design given to the

client as an idea about how the reinforced concrete pier

will be designed, which should satisfy the needs of the

client.

Paint & Plastic Fencing:

When it comes to decoration the bridge have to look outstanding so that it pleases the eye

and does not stand out within Whitby town. The town has a historical infrastructure therefore

the paint should be relatively close to the colours used in Whitby. There is a company called

Leighs Paints which highly professional company the produces paint main for bridge. They

coated and paint the Forth Bridge in East of Scotland which is 9 miles long. It has been

proven that the paint will last at least 25 years on that project, but in terms the new bridge

that is only 118 meters long I think they will provide better life span. According to BCF

(British Coating Federation) this product will take into consideration environment, conserve

resources, economic viability and social responsibility. It will not affect the sea life in Whitby

including the flora and fauna. When it comes to the plastic fencing it’s only a decoration that

has pleasant effect on the pedestrians which also can be used as hand grip and preventing

children having access to roads.

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Figure 104 Plan view of Piers


122

Geology:

These are the data regarding the boreholes which is provided in the lecture notes from the

geology of Whitby. Three boreholes where selected which in is the nearest to the location of

the new bridge.

These data will show the depth of each layer of Whitby soil and what each layer contains.

These are the borehole tables below:

Table 21 Borehole

BH No. 111 GL -5.82 M AOD BH No. 112 GL -7.53 M

AOD

BH No. 103 GL 4.47M AOD

LEV

EL

THICKNE

SS

LEV

EL

THICKNE

SS

LEV

EL

THICKNE

SS

SOFT GREY /

BROWN

SILTY CLAY

WITH FINE

SUBANGULA

R GRAVEL

2.00M SOFT

BLACK

CLAYEY

SILT WITH

DECOMPO

SED PLANT

DEBRIES

AND WOOD

ALLUVIUM

2.10M TARMAC

LOOSE

GRAVEL WITH

SAND, BRICK

AND

SANDSTONE

0.15-

2.10M

SOFT TO

FIRM RED /

BROWN

SANDY CLAY

2.10M MEDIUM

SUBANGUL

AR TO

SUBROUN

DER GREY

BROWN

GRAVEL

WITH SAND

7.40M MEDIUM

BLACK / GREY

CLAYEY SAND

WITH

SUBANGULAR

GRAVEL AND

POCKETS OF

SANDY SILT

2.20M

MEDIUM

SUBANGULA

R TO

SUBROUNDE

R GREY

BROWN

GRAVEL

WITH SAND

AND

SANDSTONE

COBBLES

1.05M SAND AND

SUBANGUL

AR

3.150M BROWN

GREEN GREY

HIGHLY TO

MODERATELY

WEATHERED

SILTSTONE

VERY WEAK

1.00M


123

DARK GREY /

BROWN

WEATHERED

SILTSTONE

3.35M DARK

GREY

HIGHLY

WEATHER

ED

SILTSTONE

(VERY

WEAK)

0.25M

GREY TO

BLACK

THINLY

LAMINATED

MUDSTONE

HIGHLY

FOISSILIFER

OUS.

FRACTURE

SPACING

CLOSE TO

MODERATE

11.50M GERY TO

BLACK

THINY

LAMINATE

D

MUDSTON

E HIGHLT

FOSSILIFO

US

10.30M

Regarding the data provided above the foundation depth of the new bridge can installed

using the depth of the area. Also the table shows which part of the soil is strong which

means doesn’t heavy support beams and which area is weak and need heavy supported

foundation.

Archaeologist will be needed to check that the ground which will be construct upon doesn’t

have historical items in the soil, and after the approval from them the construction process

will began.

Method statement for constructing the new bridge:

The method statement is important for any type of construction project in the world. It takes

in to account the phases, activity, Equipment, manpower and location. The method

statement informs the client the working process methodology of construction and eliminates

hazards, ensures finest health and safety and encourages minimum impact on the

environment. The method statement must be approved in advance prior to construction. The

bascule bridge will have a span of 118m, a width of 14m (includes one carriageway and

pathway on either side), with a height up till the deck of 3.5m AOD.

Table 22 Method Statement

Phase Task manpower Methodology Equipment Materials location

0 1.Set up a location

for establishment

Mainly

labours

All workers

must have IVJ,

hard top boots

Basic

construction

materials,

Metal, wood

for the

Endeavour

wharf

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2. prepare the

location for basic

material

3. set up a

parameter around

the workplace (both

sides of the river

Esk)

and hard top

caps

hammers nails,

forklifts and

bulldozers

parameters

ropes cabins

1 1.site investigating

2. Archaeologist

looking for any

historical items

Geologist

and

archaeologi

st

Sub-contractor GPS,

measuring

tools, shovel

and specific

items

N/A River Esk

2 Excavation

And Cover Dam

Mainly

Labours

Digging the

extra soil and

flatting the area

Drill, shovel,

bulldozers and

excavators

N/A River Esk

3 Installing the piles Labours

and Crain

operator

Forcing the

piles through

the soil

Crane and

drilling

equipment

Steel piles River Esk

4 Pouring the

foundation cap piles

Specialist in

concrete

mixing and

labours

Using the

trucks the

concrete is

poured over the

allocated area

Mixing truck

and

compressor

Concrete River Esk

5 Installing the

reinforced steel

bars

labours Using the wood

frames the steel

bars and

stirrups will be

installed

Measuring

tools and

wilding

equipment

Steel bars

and wooden

frames

River Esk

6 Adding the concrete

on the reinforced

steel bars

Specialist in

concrete

mixing and

labours

Using the

trucks the

concrete is

poured over the

allocated area

Mixing truck

and

compressor

Concrete River Esk

7 The superstructure

steel in installed

Specialist in

steel

superstructu

re and

labours

Using the crane

to left the steel

and the labour

will use the

bolts to connect

them together

Bolts, basic

tools and crane

Steel frames Across the

river Esk

8 Installing the beams labours Using the crane

to left the steel

beams and the

labour will use

the bolts to

Bolts, basic

tools and crane

Steel beams Across the

river Esk


125

connect them

together

9 The counterweight

is installed

Mechanical

engineer

and

Labours

Using the crane

to left the

counterweights

Crane and

fitting tools

Concrete

weights

In the

middle of

the bridge

10 Mastic Asphalt is

poured

Paver

operator

and road

roller

First using the

paver to pour

the asphalt on

the allocated

area then

comes the roller

to make sure

there is no gaps

or voids on the

roads

Paver and road

roller

Mastic

asphalt

Over the

hole bridge

11 Painting the bridge Specialist in

painting and

labor

Paint the

asphalt and

painting the

bridge for

decoration

paint Paint and

water

The bridge

Risk Assessment form:

Table 23 Risk Assessment Sheet

BRADFORD UNIVERSITY Building a Bridge

RISK ASSESSMENT SHEET Group 1 Team 2

DATE: 16/11/2014

By: Khalid Al-Ahbabi

Activity Hazard People at

risk

Risk

rating

Control measures or comments Risk

rating

Result

(Green,

Amber,

Red)

S L R S L R

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126

Working

at height

Falling off

Crane

operator,

slingers and

other workers

4 4 16

Stop the work, three points of

contact must be maintained and

footed using under short duration.

Safety harness must be worn at

all time and hooked on lorry

mounted crane. The safety

harness MUST have a valid

certificate

3 2 6 Green

Soil

unstable

bridge could

collapse

workers on

site, visitors

and people

from the

public

5 5 25 soil must be compressed,

foundation should be introduced 3 2 6 Green

Crane

Lifting

Hits over

obstacles

Over turning

Crane

operator,

banksman

and workers

on site

4 5 20

the lifting operator should be

trained and competent in using

the lifting accessories, he/she

should check if there are any

obstacles

1 3 3 Green

Welding Cause fire labours 4 3 12

Any welding should be near to a

fire extinguisher 2 3 6 Green

Weather

condition

The crane

could

collapse,

flooding

damage work

place

workers on

site, visitors

and people

from the

public

5 5 25

Check if there is a storm going to

happen, the wind should not have

high speed.

3 5 15 Red

Failure of

materials

Some

materials may

fail

workers

visitors and

cleaners

5 4 20

Scheduled check from a

professional, also he would have

to test them if they might fail in

the lab and check if there is some

corrosion or rust.

2 5 10 Amber

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127

Gantt chart:

Figure 105 Graph for Gantt chart

Thu

rsd

ay, O

cto

ber

1, 2

01

5Su

nd

ay, O

cto

ber

11

, 20

15

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dn

esd

ay, O

cto

be

r 2

1, 2

01

5Sa

turd

ay, O

cto

be

r 3

1, 2

01

5Tu

esd

ay, N

ove

mb

er 1

0, 2

01

5Fr

iday

, No

vem

ber

20

, 20

15

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nd

ay, N

ove

mb

er

30

, 20

15

Thu

rsd

ay, D

ece

mb

er 1

0, 2

01

5Su

nd

ay, D

ece

mb

er 2

0, 2

01

5W

ed

ne

sday

, Dec

em

be

r 3

0, 2

01

5Sa

turd

ay, J

anu

ary

9, 2

01

6Tu

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19

, 20

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Frid

ay, J

anu

ary

29

, 20

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Mo

nd

ay, F

eb

ruar

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, 20

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Thu

rsd

ay, F

eb

ruar

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8, 2

01

6Su

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ay, F

eb

ruar

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8, 2

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6W

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sday

, Mar

ch 9

, 20

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Satu

rday

, Mar

ch 1

9, 2

01

6Tu

esd

ay, M

arch

29

, 20

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Frid

ay, A

pri

l 8, 2

01

6M

on

day

, Ap

ril 1

8, 2

01

6Th

urs

day

, Ap

ril 2

8, 2

01

6Su

nd

ay, M

ay 8

, 20

16

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dn

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8, 2

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turd

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8, 2

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6Tu

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e 7

, 20

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Frid

ay, J

un

e 1

7, 2

01

6M

on

day

, Ju

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27

, 20

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Thu

rsd

ay, J

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7, 2

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6Su

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17

, 20

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dn

esd

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uly

27

, 20

16

Set up a location for establishment

Prepare the location for Basic…

Site investigation

excavation

installing the piles

Pouring the foundation Cap on top…

Installing the reinforced steel bars

Adding the concrete on the…

Staircase for the maintanence

The superstructure steel

Installing the beams

Counterweight

layer under Asphalt of concrete…

Adding The Mastic Asphalt

Painting the Bridge

Testing the Bridge

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128

Matrix Form:

Commercial development:

Pedestrianizing the Swing Bridge and

building a new bridge Table of Matrix (7)


Employment For Locals

the construction will improve the employment in Whitby 4

There will be some expert workers from the construction company from outside of Whitby 1

Environmental Pedestrianizing the Swing will

reduce the CO2 emission 4

Constructing a new bridge will have an effect

on the environment 1

Tourist Attractions Tourist attraction will rise 3

No vehicles to bother them 2

Cost major investment 0 will affect the council 5

Traffic Congestion The flow of traffic will be smooth 4

Traffic will get faster in Whitby 1

Social Aspect

Residents will be happier due to the swing bridge will not be

demolished 3 It might affect Whitby

historic landscape 2

Architectural Compatibility

due to pedestrianizing the swing bridge it will not stand out in

Whitby 3

building the new bridge for vehicles may on fit

well 2

Parking There are some parking area in

the town 1

The new bridge will use some of the parking

space inside the town 4

Risk Less risk for the people how dive the vehicles and the pedestrians 4

There might be some risk in building the bridge 1

Construction Time It might take some time 1 long time to construct 4

Financial Income there is no income to construct a

new bridge 0 there is no income to

construct a new bridge 5

Durability Building a new bridge is durable 4 Might face major weather condition 1

Accessibility Easy access 4 1

Benefit For Locals

Residents will be happier due to the swing bridge will not be

demolished 3 It might affect Whitby

historic landscape 2

Safety of User Safer for the people how dive the

vehicles and the pedestrians 4 There might be some

accidents on the bridge 1

Effect on Local Business

due to pedestrianizing the swing bridge it might affect some local

business 4

due to pedestrianizing the swing bridge it might

affect some local business 1

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129

Limited to Seasonal

The new Bridge is not limited to seasonal 5

The new Bridge is not limited to seasonal 0

Maintenance Maintenance should be every 10

years 1 Maintenance should be

every 10 years 4

Multifunctional pedestrians, boats and vehicles

can use it 3 Not Multifunctional 2

Ingenuity As a proposal I think this is the

best solution 4 there is a chance of

mistakes in construction 1

Total 59 41

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130

Flood Risk: All bridges have to be flood resistance these is one of the major difficulties very bridge

facing. All materials have been chosen are waterproofed and they are designed in a

sustainable way that allow the water ether from rain or from the river falls back into the

drainage system. This is due to on the bridge there are small metal pieces from cars and oil

drops from the vehicles that could cause damage to the sea life in the river. Therefore the

bridge will satisfy the requirement of the client, but the might be a weather disaster that

might affect the bridge fold system.

Transportation of materials:

When it comes to constructing a bridge, most of the materials must be ordered in phase to

achieve the maximum work efficiency. This is due to the limited area availability on the

construction site. Also some materials will get damage if they are exposed to the weather,

therefore they will be ordered into parts as the bridge being built.

Due to the construction site is next to river some materials will be supplied using the river,

due to reduce the CO2 emission by the supply trucks and reduce the congestion in the town

of Whitby. If there are materials or equipment delivered by trucks, the truck should filed with

material not leave space this is prevent the truck from going and coming back. Also it will

reduce the cost of transportation if achieve the optimum work efficiency. In case of the

mastic asphalt major projects material is usually taken to site by hot charge tankers direct

from the manufacturer and taken to the point where it is needed for rapid installation - a

major advantage for contracts with critical time constraints. For smaller projects solid blocks

are preheated in boilers placed at ground level. At no time is there any type of naked flame

at the point of installation and because mastic asphalt is so highly flame resistant, there is

little or no potential of fire risk.

Prices and costs: Cost of the materials is always related to the demand of the product, as the demand

increase the price of the product will increase. Therefore we have to be careful when

ordering the materials and equipment for construction. All the material is ordered in bulk to

achieve the minimum amount of cost, so that the client saves money. The construction

duration is

The worker minimum wage is 8 £

Worker per 1 hour = 8 £

Per 8 hours = 64

Matter price per day quantity total cost how many days

required

Total cost

Worker £64.00 50 £3,200.00 273 £873,600.00

Crane rental £250.00 2 £500.00 100 £50,000.00

Road roller rental £202.00 1 £202.00 5 £1,010.00

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131

total £924,610.00

Matter price per tonne quantity total cost

Steel £440.00 1000 £440,000.00

Cement £160.00 40 £6,400.00

Aggregate £40.00 40 £1,600.00

Mastic Asphalt £40,000.00 20 £800,000.00

Total £1,248,000.00

All specialist and engineers cost will be £200,000.00

Transportation cost in total £100,000.00

The total cost of the project is = £2,472,610.00

Budge is needed from the client = £2,750,000.00

The demand of an extra budge from the client is to be on the safe side because mostly all

materials price change within time, therefore this is just a backup amount of the money so

that the project can be for filed.

Maintenance:

To allowing pedestrian and drivers using the bridge it has to be tested, this procedure is for

the safety of the users. There might be some bolt messing, or bending which is occurring or

the weight of the bridge is not distrusted well. So testing the bridge will allow us the chance

to fix them.

As the construction of the bridge finishes there will have to be some schedule maintenance

due to checking every member of the beams, columns, counterweights and piles are working

how they supposed to work. Therefore the schedule check will improve the effectiveness of

the bridge, also will prevent any failures in the bridge.

After that the maintenance check will fade away as the bridge will function to the optimum

level satisfying the needs of the client. Then every 10 years maintenance check will be

required to make sure that the functionality of well and its doing fine.

Drawing: Please have a look at the appendix at the end

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132

Figure () top view

These are a small sample of the actual drawing, in this part the drawings will be explained

showing the client an image of what the real design would be. In the picture above it shows

the location of the new river crossing which connects East side and West side of the town of

Whitby. The bridge is located just behind Endeavor Wharf and Captain Cook museum as

mention previously. A road block will be installed to prevent any cars accessing the swing

bridge, this road block will allow only supply trucks on the East side of Whitby the block will

be located just behind the new bridge this is because to prevent divers from rest of Church

street. It will reduce the congestion in the area, the road will be a dead end and the

pedestrian will feel safer. On the west side the road block will be just before the swing bridge

this is mainly due to St Ann’s Straith and Baxtergate Streets which are connected to New

Quay Road.

Recommendation:

This is a detailed proposal that allows the client to have better viewing point to the situation,

this is considered as short term recommendation which will solve the problem of river

crossing and improving the swing bridge. I would recommend that the project will start after

the tourist season this due to the amount of noise pollution that the project will produce also

it is not sight pleasing. Therefore I would recommend the project to start around the first of

October which will take 273 days and should end around first of June.

As long term recommendation I would suggest that the town of Whitby prevents normal truck

using the new bridge which will reduce the amount of truck in the town and build a new forth

bridge behind the high level bridge crossing the river Esk. This is a recommendation will be

suggested in the year of 2070, it will reduce the amount of vehicles in the town and will allow

the drivers to have a third access rout in the area.

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133

Environmental Impact Assessment (Alan Majeed) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a procedure of assessing the likely

environmental impacts of a proposed development, taking into account inter-related socio-

economic, cultural and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse

United Nations Environment Programme UNEP defines “Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA) as a tool used to identify the environmental, social and economic

impacts of a project prior to decision-making. It aims to predict environmental

impacts at an early stage in project planning and design, find ways and means to

reduce adverse impacts, shape projects to suit the local environment and present the

predictions and options to decision-makers. By using EIA both environmental and

economic benefits can be achieved, such as reduced cost and time of project

implementation and design, avoided treatment/clean-up costs and impacts of laws

and regulations.’’

Throughout the construction of the Commercial development and the New Bridge, potential

effects to the environment are predicted. By expecting these impacts it lets our team to

minimise these impacts. The proposed environmental impacts associated with the

Commercial development and the new bridge are listed below beside with the plan of

preventions team two will take;

Safety signs for and Pedestrian’s Walkway; For safety reason and ease of use for road and footpath users, clear safety signs need to be

placed in order to minimise congestion for the motorists and pedestrians also create a safe

environment. The way to approach this, we’ve decided that we would follow the HSE new

regulations for signs and safety measurements which are required according to site

conditions.

Access to bring materials; Both proposed sites (the bridge and the multi-functional building) are in town centre and

therefore attention need to be paid on how to deliver the material to the sites without

disrupting the local business and minimise the traffic congestion. To solve this, the materials

will be transported via Whitby’s roadways if the materials are local, otherwise anything that

need to be brought in from other locations, will be transported via the river or the sea if

possible, since both of our projects are on the River Esk. The time of deliveries need to be

adjusted so it won’t affect the tourism.

Materials Storage on construction phase; Storage facilities for machinery and materials must be located in the right location on site

during the stages of construction. If any materials needed they should be delivered one

week in advance to save time and space. This lets the construction process to be continues

without any suspensions or disturbances and to keep the equipment safe and out of the way

of the workers. Safe and separate location must be provided for hazardous materials and

clearly labelled hazards signs.

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Visual Disorder; Whitby is a tourist attraction it could be affected by visual disorder significantly more than an

average town during the construction of the bridge and the building. The presence of

construction materials such as cranes might cause visual discomfort, to overcome this issue

construction has to be avoided during the tourism peak season.

Reducing noise and vibration, Although residents will experience an increased levels of noise during construction, the

proposed daytime limit of 64dB (A) (LAeq) will not create that much of a problem, since most

of the materials are pre-fabricated the only noise that will occur will be during installation and

pilling, but vibrations and noise could always cause troubles to the public and also can cause

injuries to workforces. The vibratory hammer that used on the sheet piles during construction

of the bridge, is an oscillating weight to drive the sheet pile, will create a significant amount of

noise in order to mitigate this, rules has to fulfilled generally with BS 5228;

1. The following Permissible Noise levels as advised by the Environmental Health

department shall not be exceeded in occupied parts of the building or in adjacent

residential areas.: 08.00 to 19.00 hours - L (eq) 70, L max 85

2. Any operations which may breach the above levels shall only be carried out with the prior

agreement of the Environmental Health Officer and the Client.

3. Fit compressors, percussion tools and vehicles with effective silencers of a type

recommended by manufactures of the compressors, tools or vehicles.

4. Do not use pneumatic drills and other noisy appliances without consent of the CA

5. Altering the kind of equipment used to transfer the same task which produces lower noise

and vibration level

6. Upkeep of working equipment, by keeping tools sharp, worn out parts are changed,

carrying out checks and adjustments of machines. Also workers should not be exposed to

the noise for a long time. Protection should be given to workers such as ear plugs or ear

cup. Signs must be put up to protect public and on site workforces.

Air Pollution; Construction activities can result in dust, to prevent the pollution control dust through fine

water sprays used to dampen down the site and screen the whole site to stop dust

spreading, or alternatively, place fine mesh screening close to the dust source. Also Cover

skips and trucks loaded with construction materials and continually damp down with low

levels of water. We use low sulphur diesel oil in all vehicle and equipment engines, and

incorporate the latest specifications of particulate filters and catalytic converters and finally

no burning of materials on site.

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Storm Water; During the construction of the bridge, stormy weather and the river swelling up and the

increased velocity of the water is a problem, at the time that the river Esk is shallow water

the frame of the cofferdam will be constructed in place by workers, once the frame is

completed the sheet piles will be installed around the frame this will be done using vibratory

hammer, this will help to reduce the impact on environment.

Local Ecology During the construction of the piers the cofferdams have to be put in place to allow for a

relatively dry working environment this may result in affecting the environmental system or

natural processes in its steady state, the aquatic ecology may be affected, this resulted to

the consultation of an ecologist and hydrologist. There results assured us that the aquatic

ecology will not be affected on the long term.

Archaeological Resources Although both location of the bridge and the multi-functional building are not located on the

archaeological sites, but any replacement or improvement of the archaeological evaluation

and subsequent mitigation strategy will have to be done with the approving of the

archaeology officer of Scarborough Council.

Waste; The occurrence of waste during construction stage is inevitable, to protect the environment

separate skips need to be located on site for different types of wastes, anything can be

recycled or reused has to be put away accordingly.

Other measures that we take into account; We make sure to cover piles of building materials like cement, sand and other powders,

regularly inspect for spillages, and locate them where they will not be washed into

waterways or drainage areas and not use any toxic paints, solvents and other hazardous

materials on both the swing and new bridge or wherever possible.

To protect the flora and fauna, we segregate, tightly cover and monitor toxic substances to

prevent spills, possible water and site contamination. At all-time needs to cover up and

protect all drains on site and collect any wastewater generated from site activities in

settlement tanks, screen, discharge the clean water, and dispose of remaining sludge

according to environmental regulations.

Summary Both detailed proposals offer the best environmental result to the traffic congestion problem

and the tourism in Whitby for over a period; It also represents the chance for visitors to go

from the west side to the east side, the area that has suffered for many years economically

due to lack of visitors. Constructing a new bridge will improve the safety of pedestrians

crossing the River Esk through the swing bridge as this will no longer be open to vehicles

and will reduce congestion in the town as a whole. Also the multi-functional building creates

more revenue for CDC and a space for locals where they could get many benefit from and

for tourists to enjoy. Environmental impact on both the aquatic and ecosystems is expected

to be minimal. A.M


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Pontoon/Marina & Boat Storage (Sabah Anwar Hamagereb)

FLOODS Flood is defined as an overflow of water that submerges lands which are usually dry, cause

live threading, property damage and effecting economy in that area. The aim of flood risk

assessment is to save lives and protect properties and lands.

There are many areas that need to be invested from harbour to Church street, the land

surrounding the Harbour area is most exposed to effects of flooding. Whitby is an extremely

exposed site. High sea levels combined with high winds often causes flooding in the town

due to the sea defence piers being breached. Climate change will influence the coastal

floods, river floods and extreme rainfall, therefore more accurate designs are require.

Planning The local planning authorities It is recommended by the PPG25 (Planning Policy Guidance

25), should adopt for development and flood risk to ensure safety of Whitby resident from

this disaster in happening. To achieve this goal, planning should be done in zone with

reference to the below table:

Table 24 flood risk zone (Planning Policy Guidance 25)

Figure 106 Figure (), image of Whitby’s flood,(www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk)

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Cause of flood The most flood factors in coastal cities are by extreme weather condition, such unusual rain

fall like storms and ditches to overflow like waves. A river or beach side would over flow

allowing water to go inland and damage many things, the water exceed the capacity of river.

The natural and manmade flood defences can handle the excess in water from the surge

and overtopping takes place cause flood around the river over the land.

Whitby’s flood history According to Whitby’s history’s review has had many tidal floods in the past the last vast one

occurred in 1983, most major area affected from Church Street, Pier Road to New Quays

Road, the over flow of sea water was pushing huge amount of water to the harbour, the river

Esk bank area was cover by half meter of flood water, many businesses and shops were

flooded. Many homes door and windows were replenished by sandbags to avoid water

access.

Figure 107Multiple Shipwreck by West Pier in 1880,Khyber Pass, Whitby, North Yorkshire YO21, UK/1880

Vulnerable are in Whitby; Flood risk areas with an unacceptable risk of flooding are any area with elevations lower

than the standard protection level which is 4.80mAOD. The area within this risk is: southern

part of Church street, New Quay Road, Victoria Square, Endeavour Wharf and the car parks

next to Langhorne road, station and Co-operative supermarket. Some East Side riverside

property on either side of the Fish Pier, at the southern end of Grape Lane and around Spital

Bridge would also be flooded.

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Figure 108Flood risk area(Google map)

The expected sea-level rise associate with climate change will result in an increase in the

probability of flooding, Floods period are expected to occur every 50yrs, so the next major

flood is expected to happen around 2030 because the last major one was in(1983), with

more risk and affect.

Solution for Whitby’s flood;

Flood risk can solve and improve by different method;

Flood monitoring and predict method

The Environment Agency in Whitby are carrying these process by reading the entries water

level and predict the environment effect to flood in river Esk, monitoring by detector of flood

in venerable area.

Emergency evacuation plan

This plan will operate in the case of severe flooding case, to save properties and human life

by bringing all people inland and routes certain areas to achieve the most effective escape.

Flood Diversion

Provide and find a natural escape route for flood flow, to allowing extra flow water discharge

to reducing flooding level into a safe place.

Extend the main pontoon in West side;

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Figure 109 image of West Side pontoon (group camera)

The aim is to provide more boats parking at main pontoon in West side; the mooring facility is dredged to about 1.5m below C.D, according to Scarborough investigation. The rapid siltation following strong river flows at extreme weather; boats must be able of taking the ground in a soft river bottom,

Conclusion;

The analysis of design matrix indicates that unextend exist pontoon in the upper harbour

area is the most viable solution with a higher score rating advantage for pontoon improving.

From the site investigation it has been known that during different season the boats and

yachts have to be moved from the lower harbour to the upper harbour because there is no

alternative viable solution to extend pontoon in the lower harbour zone, so extending the

existing pontoon in that particular location improves mooring facility.

Construct the Boats storage in West side;

The facilities at the new construct storages are used to store and services of boats purpose;

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Figure 110 image of West Side pontoon, proposed location of new boats storage (Google Map)

Planning bar chart;

Figure 111 planning bar chart for Extend West Side pontoon

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Planning Process


Excavat and Dredge the site

Driven piles

Drive the floating materials


Construct mooring base

joint floating part

Floor Slab to begin berth platform

Bolting platform to columns

joints the platform to column

formworks and Cladding

Pontoon Extend

Start Date Duration (days)

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Dredging Mud area and Siltation The proposed location is in the mud area of the river site need dredging undertaken to

provide a sufficient deep basin and a deep foundation to construct the berth for boats; the

dredging materials can be used for reclamation or if silt is can be disposal in sea. Siltation in

river Esk is a serious problem especially during heavy flow waves from river side. If our

extension is carefully sited, siltation reduces to a minimum, also frequent maintenance

dredging requires.

Figure 112 image of dredging process (wmplanthire.co.uk/excavator)

Foundation in the river; Deep pile foundation required in mud area to build pontoon, pile can be made of;

Timber

Steel

Reinforced concrete

Precast concrete

Piles are required to hold the floating pontoon to keep stable during the flood or strong waves, piles can drive into the ground by pile driver, wooden piles are made from the trunks of tall trees, concrete piles are available in square, octagonal, and round cross-sections, they are reinforced with rebar, steel piles are either pipe piles or some sort of beam section (like I and H pile).

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timber

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforced_concrete

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prestressed_concrete

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebar


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Figure 113 image of driven pile process (gerkegroupen.blogspot.co.uk)

Materials use; Different materials have been used to construct pontoon; laminate timber, concrete,

Aluminium, steel and plastic, timbers are the most used, because of price and environment

impact, also timber deck use with plastic drum in pontoon, but is not recommend as regular

maintainers are required. The materials for the extend pontoon have been considered to

maintain the image for Whitby with it architecture features which would provide a safe and

secure welcoming to travellers travelling by vehicle, boats and yachts in harbour area.

Selected materials should be environment friendly and sustainable to reduce cost and

maintenance, as we know that river Esk water is salty and aggressive to normal materials

made, concrete use to be resistant to sulphate attack and galvanise steel are most suitable

to our project.

Figure 114 section of floating roof (gal8.piclab.us/key/double S.A.H


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Sustainability The design of the extend pontoon is similar to existed one in west side pontoon to keep the

marine heritage of Whitby as it’s, the materials used are mostly recyclable from timber,

steel, Aluminium and plastic drum, also the concrete piles are resistant to the salty water it

means can resist sulphate attack. Small solar panels are used for lighting purpose, during

night time.

Figure: (), solar panel lighting, (www.actionha.net/articles)

Flood risk Flood risk in harbour area is a main issue for most of new development and project; need to

be considering minimizing the effect and damage to properties and facilities near to the Esk

River. According to Scarborough council site investigation has been noted that the flood risk

is increased largely in last few decade, to reduce flood effect we proposal a floating mooring

to manage situation during high waves and flooding.

The local planning authorities It is recommended by the PPG25 (Planning Policy Guidance

25), should adopt for development and flood risk to ensure safety of Whitby resident from

this disaster in happening. The chosen location is in flood zone (3), it means high risk area,

the river risk above 1%, and tidal & costal greater than 0.5%, as shown in the figure;

Table 25 Flood Risk&Flood Zone

Layout and structure; The form and structure of the extension will be same as to the current pontoon because of

Whitby history and architecture features required, the extension to the pontoon will consist of

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the mooring in the North East side. The mooring having the usage of parking the large ship

and yacht, according to the proposed plan to construct a new building for small and medium

boats, it will be a world class tourist’s attraction with the history it has which can be found

from the site investigation in harbour area.

The extension to the pontoon will be economically sustainable and environmental friendly.

The extension will take into account with the facilities used in the current main pontoon, as

shown in the attached file drawing.

Pontoon design; To create a suitable platform on floating jetty for walking purpose from boats to land and

other way around, floating pontoon width is should be more than 2m, when the length is

about 100m the land end should increase to more than 2.5m, if over 200m should be more

than 3m, also the design live load is 150 kg/m^2. For our extend design in the main pontoon

in east side of existing pontoon the berth width channel should be between 2m-3m and the

length of 100m according to the size of boats and yacht that park over there. See attached

drawing for floor plan and side elevation:

Figure 115 image sample of berth design (www.seattlepi.com)

Coast of Extension; Marine works are required big budget, project coast need to be considered during planning

stage to know and estimate different phase of the project. Materials, labour and hire tools for

constructions are depend on the demand and capability in the market.

Project duration is 180 days;

Labour coast £120,000

Crane rental for pile drive and building for 90 days, £27,000

Materials for pontoon;

Wood, Aluminium and plastic; £250,000

Dredging process; £250,000

Piles and concrete, £50,000

Transportation, £80,000

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Planning and management; £120,000

Other coast, £50,000

Total = £950,000

Budge = £1,250,000

Each boats space coast around £5000-£5600, if we build 200 parking place we need around

£1,250,000, plus regular maintains for mooring and boats service.

Boats storage; Whitby’s marine facilities demand were increased more than triple in last three decade,

according to number of tourist and boats in harbour area, the new and alternative solution

require to provide local and tourist demand. Marina facilities in harbour area are quite difficult

to build new pontoon and more berth to park boats in Esk River. Construct the boats storage

is one of the most successful solution in developed country in marina field such as Spain,

France and USA, they use storage boats to create more space to park yacht and big boats

in the river by store few hundred small boats in a boats storage in a safe place, because the

cost of providing berth for small craft is much higher than yacht and big boats. The storage

for boats 6m to 15m length it can be on the shelf during different season, which is required

less space if we compare with parking in the berth.

While dry stack storage facilities are relatively new to the East Coast of UK, they are one of

the fastest growing trends in boat storage, space is the biggest issues in Whitby harbour, a

marina can significantly increase the number of boats stored without significantly increasing

the space used and therefore increase revenues. Some advantages to the boat owners

include possible lower cost than traditional wet dockage, security, protection from the

elements, etc.

Figure 116 image of Boats Storage (www.northwestmarinas.com/en/marinaseca/indoor-storage)

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Project location is in upper harbour in West cliff next to Endeavour Wharf as shown in the

figure below, the benefit of that place is close to the river to lift the boats from the river by

fork left and put on the shelves inside boats storage, also the provide place is unequipped by

any building.

Figure 117 Purposed location for new Boats Storage (Google map)

Figure 118 image of West Side pontoon, proposed location of new boats storage (Google Map)

Advantage

Protection the boats elements from damage,

UV damage to gel coat and tubes,

Rain freezing and frost damage


147

Marine growth damage

less wear and tear during element covering

Reduced maintenance for

Painting

Antifoul

Repairs easier to accomplish

Better performance/fuel economy without any marine growth

Safe and secure

Less depreciation

keeps the boat in better shape

Less maintenance / wear and tear on trailer

Easy service

Fuel

Part exchange

Environmentally friendly - Boat storage helps reduce the amount of contact time between pesticide-containing bottom paints and the water.

Materials Use; The building regulation policy in Whitby is required meet aesthetic appearance of the town

history. The materials used for the boats storage have been considered as a team to

maintain the image for Whitby with it architecture features which would provide a safe and

secure welcoming to travellers travelling by vehicle, boats and yachts. The main materials

use storage constructions are concrete reinforced for foundation and floor slab that resist

salty water environment, steel column, steel shelf beam, sheet metal steel, high level glass

for the roof and timber clamp. All of which will be dominant materials to provide a memorable

and enduring image of the town in addition the material will blend in to the marina.

Planning Bar chart; S.A.H

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Figure 119 planning bar chart for construct new Boats Storage

Layout & structure; The form and structure of the construct storage will be same as to the current marina

because of Whitby history and architecture features. The project building will be rectangular

sheet metal steel structures with on either side with an aisle in the centre for forklift access.

Racks can be either free-standing or building supported. Boats storage can design to store

different boats size from small, medium to large size. The boats storage will consist of only

one high floor because of height in harbour area is restricted; the storage level is two levels

high. The profiles of boats and the height of the fork lift will determine how many levels of

boats will be stored. The bay spaces are generally can be in three different forms;

Double wide; this form is used to store two boats per shelf level, for those boats that beam

with are greater than 2.7m. Triple width; Is used to store three boats per shelf level, Triple

wide bays up to 9m will accommodate boats that have a 0m-2.7m to 1.8m-2.7m beam width.

Combination of double and triple wide; are used to store those boats that beam width over

0m-3m wide, our recommends that double wide bays be utilized. Generally a combination of

double wide and triple wide bays will maximize the cubic volume of boat storage. See

attached drawing of floor planning and side elevation:

Typical dimensions of a dry storage rack; The dimensions will vary according to the size and type of boats that are being stored. In our

project we construct one floor of 10m height, 42m width and 190m length, to store boats on

two levels ground and top level, also 9m in width and 4.5m in depth. The 4.5m in depth is

more than sufficient to support boats up to 9m in length. The top shelf height should be

60cm, lower than the maximum lift height of the forklift truck. This allows enough room for

Planning Scope


Excavate to 25m depth

Bored or Driven piles

Reinforcements added to piles and Slab

Slab of concrete to piles

Basement Pillars and columns

Geogrids and Earth refill

Floor Slab to begin ground floor

Columns and Core Areas construction


Joints to the main floor slab

Bolting Plates to columns and beams

Erections of scaffolding

Formworks and Cladding

Roof fittings

Inspection

9/15/2014

10/11/2014

10/16/2014

10/27/2014

11/4/2014

11/10/2014

11/26/2014

1/5/2015

1/13/2015

2/28/2015

4/5/2015

4/15/2015

4/21/2015

4/28/2015

5/18/2015

5/25/2015

6/10/2015

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Boats Storage

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the boat to clear the timber bunk board supports. The height is usually determined by the

size of fork lift used to access boats.

Aisles size in the storage is depend on boat sizes and forklift sizes, most aisles require at

least 18m clearance. This width will comfortably handle boats with an overall length of up to

9m. For boats up to 10.7m length aisle clearance will be 20m. Boat lengths greater than

10.7m should utilize an aisle up to 21m, and so on in case of greater size. Racks can

be purchased as a single standalone bay unit or multiple bay structures. Additional bays can

be easily added on to overtime as the demand for dry storage increases, in long term plan.

Figure 120 image drawing of inside boats storage, (www.sprinklermatic.net/pictures/Boat-Storage)

Most of materials used for rack system in boats storages are under attack of the salt water

environment risk. Materials such as shelf beams, timber clamps and ground stands need to

be galvanized to reduce risk and increase the durability. The additional cost associated with

galvanizing a rack system is a worthwhile investment and will extend the life for many years.

Racks can also be spray painted with high quality paint in a range of selected colours

especially for steels.

The aisle slab must be design to carry the load of forklift and boats in same time during

storage process, slabs need to be reinforced to increase the capability of compression and

tension of the concrete. The minimum concrete thickness required of 20cm thick structural,

but for larger boats the thicker slabs are required, from 25cm to 40cm thick. It is not

uncommon to build pile supported structural concrete slabs in areas where the soil

conditions are poor. Underestimating the wear & tear on the slab could result in replacing it

in the future will increase the coast of maintenance and almost impossible when your dry

stack building is full of boats especially during tourist season.

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Storage process;

The customer's boats will lift from the river by special fork lift mover to inside boats storage to keep on the rack on the shelf, before storing the boats are clean by fresh water to remove all kind of salty water and flora and fauna, in a dry condition. Inside the boats storage all engineering service, valeting and refuel available are according to customer’s requirement, to reduce coast and time for repairs and other marine service.

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Figure 121, casting of concrete slabs and foundation of boats storage,(pubs.ext.vt.edu &cogriasia.com/cold-store-floors)


151

Figure 122 Boats storage process, (http://www.bembridgeboatstorage.co.uk/)

Removing small and medium boats from the river, increase extra space for yacht and bigger

ship to park in a berth easily for many more tourist visitors by boats especially during tourist

season; also provide more opportunity for local boats owner.

Sustainability The design of the storage is similar to opposite boats to keep the marine heritage of Whitby

at it’s, the inside of boats storage facilities that shall be characterised for making the

proposed construction building sustainable and environmental friendly, with many natural

source of lighting, ventilation and energy.

Figure 123 outside Boats Storage, (http://www.crownsteelbuildings.ca

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Figure 124 solar panel and natural light, (www.homefarmequestriancentre.co.uk)

This building uses renewable energy resources for the glass roof was purposely installed to

allow light to enter and absorb energy. In addition the roof collects rainwater which is used

for toilet tanks. Again this building was designed to be sustainable and environmental

friendly. The fork lift use will work by chargeable batteries to reduce CO2 emission.

Flood risk; According to Scarborough council site investigation has been noted that the boats storage

building floor need to rise to 70cm to improve flood damage and potential excavation is kept

to a minimum, for foundation and storage building. The local planning authorities It is

recommended by the PPG25 (Planning Policy Guidance 25), should adopt for development

and flood risk to ensure safety of Whitby resident from this disaster in happening. The

chosen location is in flood zone (3), it means high risk area, the river risk above 1%, and

tidal & costal greater than 0.5%, as shown in the figure below

Table 26flood risk zone (Planning Policy Guidance 25)

Traffic; During the site visiting has been noticed that the upper harbour tend not be considerably

occupied in comparison to lower harbour. In terms of tourist, visitors and resident tend to be

around the shore and lower harbour and not the upper harbour because of the lack of

scenery to the upper harbour. The proposed of construct new boats storage building along

with extended pontoon will play a vital role to solve this issue by encouraging tourist/visitors

to travel by boat as an alternative mean of transportation. Not only vehicle congestion being

solved, it will encourage tourists/visitors to explore the upper harbour with the facility it has,

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Coast of construction; The project is required about one acre of land, to build storage of 70 small and 50 large

boats. Project duration is 250 days,

Labour coast £360,000

Crane rental for pile drive and building for 150 days, £90,000 for two cranes

Steel for structural; £450,000

Excavation process; £250,000

Piles and concrete, £150,000

Transportation, £120,000

Planning and management; £120,000

Other coast, £50,000

Total = £1,590,000

Budge = £1,900,000

the space of each boats are cost around £4000-£5000, each rack is coast £4500-£5000,

building coast between £1,350,000,000-£1,550,000, forklift heavy capacity to carry large

boats £110,000, £30,000 for service and some more for extra coast, the total will come to

around 1,900,000. The coast is much cheaper in comparison with pontoon construction is

around half.

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Introduction There are three potential options in this investigation. Firstly, have an onshore wind farm

secondly have an offshore wind farm and thirdly do nothing.

Onshore The potential for an onshore wind form is nonexistent within Whitby. Firstly because this is a

conservation area and permission would not be granted for such a project. Also for a wind

farm it would require space which is not available in Whitby. Additionally any individual

turbines installed in Whitby would ruin its current picturesque landscape thus affecting the

much needed tourism industry. Previously the council have prevented property owners to

place even solar panels on the roof of buildings due to it ruining the view of the buildings.

Whitby is completely surrounded by the North York Moors National Park. This means the

possibility of any wind farm in this region outside of Whitby would be impossible due to its

impact on the landscape and environment. Permission would be impossible to gain

especially with the government focusing on offshore wind farms which have a greater energy

yield.

Figure 125 North Yorks National Park.org

Offshore Investing in an offshore wind farm would be possible and would have many benefits. It would

create a source of renewable energy for Whitby. The project would bring many jobs to

Whitby during construction and also for the operation and maintenance of the wind farm.

However the environmental impacts on the coast will have to be analysed.

Do nothing Doing nothing would have certain disadvantages. The disadvantage being that any

renewable energy and job creation from having an offshore wind farm will be eliminated.

However there may be advantageous to do nothing, at least in the short term, for many

reasons. A wind farm close to Whitby and within sight of it would dramatically affect its

currently picturesque view.Furthermore the cost of having a wind farm in the sea is relatively

huge. Also the size of an offshore wind farm close to the coast of Whitby would have to be

small and therefore would not benefit from economies of scale. Currently the government

have chosen huge sites to develop as wind farms in its round 3 of wind farm development.

Of these sites one is Dogger Bank which is located 77 miles from Whitby making Whitby the

closest port with 24hr access to it. Being located far means it will be out of view so won’t

have a negative aesthetic impact. S.M


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Figure 126 Location of Whitby in relation to Dogger Bank (http://www.offshorewind.biz

These are being built to ensure the government meets its targets for renewable energy in

2020. Dogger Bank is closest in a straight line to Whitby and has been chosen due to its

depth of water ranging from 18m to 63m making it suitable for wind turbines and the

shallowest of the round three sites. It covers an area of 3343 square miles which is split in to

a number of separate wind farm. It is hoped that by 2020 this site alone provides a huge

9GW of clean energy. If the government requirements have been met it would not be

necessary to have another wind farm in the present.

The area already around Dogger Bank has infrastructure around it such as oil rigs etc so it

won’t be disturbing a currently open, unspoilt sea. Off shore substations, converters and

cables connecting it to the grid will already exist as a result of this development therefore it

would not make sense to develop a new site and have to incur the cost of an entire new set

of infrastructure to support it especially considering the current sites are going to fulfil the

government’s targets for renewable energy.

The Dogger Bank site has recently confirmed to use Whitby for maintenance of the turbines.

This will create many jobs for Whitby and rekindle its connection to the sea. This service

centre has been proposed to be on the endeavour wharf and will result in the creation of 350

direct jobs and a further 350 indirect jobs. This means that jobs are to be created anyway

and will benefit Whitby greatly. With the wind farm industry being young the potential of

driving costs lower is very high. In 10-15 years more innovative technology will result in

lower costs and eliminate first time costs involved with wind farms.With these improvements

taking place it may not be wise to build a wind farm immediately.

However in the future as population increases, not only in Whitby but also nationally and

internationally greater demand for energy will present itself. Also considering the ever

increasing need to combat climate change the future will see a need for more sources of

renewable energy. The expected life cycle of a wind farm is about 20 years although the

crown estate gives the lease of the land for 50 years. As existing wind farms are

decommissioned due to expiry of life cycle and leasesmore wind farms will be required. The

coast off Whitby could accommodate a wind farm.

Outline of a Wind Turbine The wind turbine consists of a foundation to suppport the rest of the structure. A transition

piece connects the foundations to the shaft of the turbine. On top of the shaft there is the

nacell which houses the gearbox, control system and the generator. S.M

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A small transformer also steps up the voltage to be fed into the array cables to send to the

offshore substation. The blades are joined to the hub which connects to the nacelle.

Figure 127 Wind Turbine Components (http://www.thecrownestate.co.uk

Foundations Foundations are mainly of four types.

Mono piles: These are piles made of steel which are hammered or drilled into the sea bed. Newer

designs aim to accommodate deeper waters but generally these are used in water depths of

up to 30m.

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Jacket/tripod:

Figure 128 Jacket foundation (http://www.4coffshore.com)

This foundation design has been borrowed from the much experienced oil and gas industry

therefore supply is much more available. The installation is either done by driving piles first

into the sea bed through a template, called pre-piling or alternatively using the pile sleeve

connected to the jacket. An advantage of the first method is that the jackets can be

fabricated whilst the piles are being installed therefore saving time. Typically these were

used for depths of 30-50m however newer designs accommodate up to 70m. Variations of

this type of foundation have recently been developed to save time, money and be more

environmentally friendly. The twisted jacket designed for 30-60m depth uses fewer

components of steel therefore making it cheaper and easier to assemble. However it has to

be noted that the 60m depth would not be suitable for larger turbines in this design.

Installation is sped up as more can be fitted onto a barge. This also reduces carbon foot

print. Suction Bucket Jacket foundation uses the jacket but without the piles. It has huge

suction buckets on therefore eliminates piling. It has many advantages as oppose to

standard jackets. It can be used in waters up to 60m depth with 5-6MW turbines. During

installation due to no piles it has relatively very little noise pollution and doesn’t damage the

sea bed as much making it more environmentally friendly. It can also be installed on various

soil types of soil such as mud stone close to sea surface. This makes it usable in more

locations.

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Gravity based:

Figure 129 Gravity Based Foundation (http://www.4coffshore.com)

This generally consists of a heavy concrete structure which does not require piling on

installation. Due to its weight it is held in place by gravity. The design will require a shaft

either made of concrete or steel to transfer the load of the turbine. It is anchored to the sea

bed and can accommodate many different depths and soil types depending on design.

Concrete requires less maintenance than steel as it is more durable to sea conditions. And

depending on how the concrete is produced it can be quicker. The depths at which these

foundations can be used vary and one design, ViciVentus, states it can be used in 100+m of

water. This same design can be used on soft or firm soils and is maintenance free with a

design life of 100+ years. It also does not require anchoring or piling making it a very good

design.

Floating structures: These structures use structures with cables attached to the sea bad. These have gone

through many demonstrative technical feasibility tests in recent years. However this type of

foundation is still in its early stages so technology will improve and costs will decrease as

time goes on. Advantages stated for these are reduction in costs for stabilising and less

components. Also wind farms could potentially be further out at sea in much deeper waters

of 120+m and therefore could be placed at previously inaccessible sites at a much larger

scale with taller turbines. According to a study byThe Glosten Associates the cost through

these technologies could reduce the cost of energy to £85/MW.h as oppose to the current

£149/MW.h.

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Figure 130 Floating structures (http://www.ewea.org)

Blades

Figure 131 Siemens Aero-elastically designed blade (http://www.energy.siemens.com/hq/en/renewable-energy/wind-power/wind-turbine-technology/blades)

The blades are an integral part of the turbine. They have to be aerodynamically designed to

maximise the output of the turbine.

The Siemens integrated blade system is made in one piece to eliminate any weak points

from cracks. At sea any cracks could potentially damage the blades due to freeze thaw,

water ingress and lightning damage. This design eliminates these potential threats. As

climate change takes place it is predicted that there will be more storms thus more lightning.

With blades being the highest part of the turbine it is essential that lightning strikes do not

cause major damage to the turbine. More innovative blades have been designed to

maximise energy yield.

Outline of a Wind Farm Wind farms consist of turbines inter connected with cables which then connect to an offshore

substation. The generated energy is stepped up here using a step up transformer to

minimise loss of energy due to transmission. From here undersea cables connect to an

onshore substation where the energy is transformed to an appropriate voltage to connect to

the grid. Cables have to be installed from this station to a substation owned by the national

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grid. A port is required throughout the construction, operation and maintenance of the wind

farm.

Figure 132 Outline of a Wind Farm ( http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/Documents/MSc_2012/Sarkar.pdf)

Potential sites for an offshore wind farm

Location one A number of locations could be used at various distances from the shore. The map below

shows that closer to the shore at 2.32 km the depth is 24m according to chart data.

Figure 133 Distance from shore to location one with water depth

Having a wind farm here would have many advantages. It will be a shorter distance to install

cables to connect to the grid onshore meaning less energy loss. Also maintenance vessels

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will have a relatively shorter journey therefore all logistical operations will be simpler. The

shallow depth will mean construction will be easier and maintenance of these foundations

will also be much easier. However at this distance the wind farm will spoil the view of the

coast at an unacceptable level. Additionally the wind farm will be limited in size as its

obstruction to shipping vessels will be great meaning it won’t benefit from economies of

scale. Turbines will have to be shorter to reduce visual impact. Below the Teesside wind

farm located 1.5km off the coast makes an ugly scene. The current plans for a wind farm on

The Jurassic Coast located 10km from the coast have sparked anger due to it spoiling a

world heritage site. The Whitby Abbey is an English heritage site and could possibly become

a world heritage site as applications have recently been made. This would mean a wind farm

can’t possibly be placed here.

Figure 134 Teesside Wind Farm (http://www.gazettelive.co.uk/news/local-news/claim-counter-claim-over-redcar-offshore-3675862)

Location 2

As you go further the depth quickly increases to 45-60m at about 15 km and beyond.

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Figure 135 distance from shore to location two with water depth

The main benefit of having a wind farm here is that the human impact will be greatly reduced

as the turbines will not be as visible as if they were located closer. With the historical value

of Whitby and it being a tourist location the visual impact is extremely important.

As you go further from shore the density of ships is also reduced therefore this is another

advantage of locating it further away.

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Figure 136 UK shipping densities (https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/317770/1066.pdf)

There will negative negative impacts on economics as it will mean the energy will have to be

transported a greater distance than if it was closer resulting in a greater energy loss. Also

the cost for construction will increase due to needing deeper foundations. It will increase the

scale of the logistical operations however keeping in mind that Whitby will have had a great

amount of experience whilst accommodating the service station for Dogger bank wind farm it

will avoid ‘first time’ costs.

Considering current technology this would be the best location for the wind farm. Using the correct foundations it will be possible to accommodate the wind farm at this depth. The area that will be used is 260km squared with staggered spacing of turbines. This is based on using 100 5MW turbines for a 500MW wind farm. However detailed data collectionand investigation using met stations and sea bed analysis may conclude the use of different turbines so this may change. The wind speed on the coast of the North Sea is in the range of 5 to 15ms-1and increase as you move further offshore. The prevailing winds are in the south easterly direction. SM


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Geologically the sea bedrock is lime stone and mudstone at this location will be able to

accommodate the foundations of the turbines.With mudstone bed it may be necessary to

use suction bucket or gravity based foundations. Also these foundations could cater for the

depths proposed.The seabed sediment in this location is Holocene and gravelly sand.

Figure 137 Bedrock off Whitby Coast (http://www.maremap.ac.uk/view/search/searchMaps.html.)

Figure 138 Seabed sediment off Whitby Coast (http://www.maremap.ac.uk/view/search/searchMaps.html.) S.M


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Figure 139 Seabed sediment off Whitby Coast (http://www.maremap.ac.uk/view/search/searchMaps.html.)

Installation/construction For a quicker and cheaper installation of a wind farm it helps to get as much done onshore

as possible. A port with a large area and crane capacity is necessary. Whitby can make use

of its port. The endeavour wharf which has over 9000m2of open quay space and a crane

capacity of 25 tonnes may be ideal. It also has pontoons for commercial use and commercial

fuel provision. These services could be enhanced to meet the needs of the wind farm. As it

will be already servicing the Dogger Bank turbines it will be adequate for use however it may

have to be extended for a greater capacity.

Assembling the foundations and the turbines onshore and towing them on barges/vessels to

the location will mean a speedy installation. Offshore installation is heavily reliant on weather

conditions and this can slow down the process hugely.

Parts of the turbine will have to be transported to the port possibly by road. As these will be

huge parts it will be a difficult and expensive operation considering the access routes to

Whitby are limited and of a high gradient and narrow. If the transportation of these huge

components to the port is deemed too expensive another port such as the Middlesbrough

port may have to be used which has good road and freight links and has facilitated the

construction of offshore wind before.

Vessels The assembled parts will be taken to the site on jack up barges for installation. Considering

the depth of the proposed location the jacks on these will have to be able to reach the

bottom for them to be stable. These may have to be custom built in order for the installation

to be problem free.

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Foundations Gravity based foundations will be suitablefor this location as they can accommodate depths

of 60m and even beyond. These will be assembled and constructed onshore and towed out

to the site for installationusing tugs. They will be installed by sinking them into the location.

Scour protection will be used to minimise the damage to the sea bed.

If this type of foundation is used it will be possible to construct the entire turbine and

foundation on shore and simply tow it to the location. If the ViciVentus gravity based

foundation is used there will also be minimal sea bed levelling necessary. I believe this

would be the best foundation design for the turbines.

Figure 140 ViciVentus foundation design (http://www.4coffshore.com/windfarms/gravity-based-support-structures-aid274.html)

Cables The inter array cables will connect to one substation offshore. The cable installation will be done using trenching vessels. This will bury the cables under the sea. Typically this will be a single cable made up of three cores. These cables will carry the industry standard of 33kV. This will also need a fibre optic cable to transmit data. Armouring will be used to protect the cable from any potential damage. Transmission from offshore to onshore is done via high voltage cables connected from the

offshore substation to the onshore substations. High voltage AC (alternating current) or DC

(direct current) cables can be used. DC cables have significantly lower losses compared to

AC cables. As the current of the generated energy will be AC converters will have to be used

to convert to DC. Upon reaching shore the same will have to be done as energy has to be

transmitted as AC in to the grid. Despite the massive save in energy at shorter distances it is

more economical to use AC cables.

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Figure 141 Cost comparison between AC/DC (http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/Documents/MSc_2012/Sarkar.pdf)

Therefore I think at a 15km distance it would be best to use an HVAC cable.During the

installation of the cables crossing existing pipe line and cabling in the sea will have to be

considered. The owners of these pipelines will have to be consulted and the exact method of

crossing will then be detailed with them.

The offshore cable will land in Whitby and will connect to a transition pit to connect to an

onshore cable. The cables will then have to connect to an onshore substation.The Whitby

substation is located just south of the New Bridge. This substation will need to be upgraded

to make it capable of transforming the high voltage to a more adequate voltage for the

national grid.

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Figure 142 Whitby Substation Location (http://wikimapia.org/26137604/Whitby-Substation)

Cables will have to be taken from the landing point to this location. The default method of

installing cables is to use the open cut method. This can be used where there are no major

physical constraints. Where there are physical constraints such as a river or structure

horizontal directional drilling will be used.

The transition pit will require access throughout the lifetime of the wind farm for

maintenance. This could be located at the base of the west cliff. This is because this area

has better access by road than the east side which is heavily restricted.

Figure 143 Location for transition pit (http://digimap.edina.ac.uk/digimap/home) S.M


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It may be possible to channel the cables to existing substations for offshore wind farms such

as in Teesside or Creyke Beck. This would mean the energy company currently running

those stations would have to be involved in the wind farm project. Doing this would reduce

costs for onshore installation.

Operations & Maintenance After the wind farm is commissioned it will require maintenance during operation. The maintenance operations will include the inspection and maintenance of all cables including inter-array and onshore cables, maintenance of foundations, turbines and substations. For this a base will have to be made on shore, presumably the endeavour wharf due to it being a port with moorings for vessels. This will already be operating as a service station for the Dogger Bank wind farm. This will have to be extended for the use of this wind farm. More staff will be employed to facilitate the operation and maintenance. 24hr transport from the port to the wind farm will be required to support these operations by taking technicians and equipment to the wind farm. There may be a potential to construct a new port in the future if needs arise at Tate Hill Sands. This will however mean rerouting Church Street, Tate Hill round about and Henrietta Street. With this in mind this would only be possible in the future in a situation where the benefits of such a structure would greatly outweigh the loss of historical buildings and streets surrounding that area as a result of it. As the distance from the port to parts of the wind farm is greater than 12 miles it will not be sufficient to use vessels only in the support of maintenance operations. Using helicopters combined with vessel support will be necessary and will be most economical. As the endeavour wharf will be accommodating a much more distant wind farm it may have facilities installed already to accommodate helicopters. However these may have to be upgraded to facilitate more helicopters for an additional wind farm.

Figure O&M Most Cost Effective Options (http://www.scottish-enterprise.com)

At the different locations around the wind farm it will be necessary to place temporary moorings for vessels being used for the maintenance and operation. For helicopters helipads will have to be installed also. S.M


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Cost The costs for a wind farm can be calculated from the development and consent stage. This stage will cost approximately £60 million. This includes everything from the feasibility study to the detailed environmental surveys of the location and getting consent to proceed with the project. It also includes costs of met station and their surveys, sea bed surveys, human impact studies and finally the design and engineering of the wind farm all of which are required before consent can be given. After this the costs of the components of the wind farm have to be considered. Each 5MW

turbine costs about £6 million. A 100 of these will there for cost £600 million. The remaining

components can cost in the range of £400-£500 million. These include the cost of the

foundations, array cables, connecting cables, offshore and onshore substations.

The installation costs of the wind farm total to around £400 million. This includes the cost of

the cable laying, installation of foundations, turbines, substations and construction ports. It

also includes the cost of all the transport of materials and the cost of vessels required. The

final commissioning and testing of the electrical systems is included in this figure.

Finally the cost of operation and management of the wind farm during its lifetime right until

its decommissioning is considered. This can cost anything between £35-£40 million. A port

for the maintenance of the wind farm is included in this. This gives the whole life cycle cost

of the wind farm to be approximately £1,550,000,000. However these may be subject to

change in the future as the wind power industry gains more experience and technologies are

advanced.

Environmental impacts of the wind farm Wind farms in general have many environmental impacts. They can potentially damage the

sea bed and destroy habitats of marine life. They introduce foreign objects into the sea

therefore affecting the behaviour of marine life and affects the entire ecosystem. They also

become obstruction and hazard for birds and migrating species. Besides this they also

contribute to noise and light pollution. Therefore all effects on the environment will have to

be analysed and where possible it will have to be mitigated or minimised.

Effect to sea bed: During construction noise and vibrations are caused by boats and driving piles in to the

seabed for the foundations. This will destroy habitats for marine life however will be a short

term loss as. The laying of cables will also destroy habitats throughout operation as

maintenance will be needed. In order to mitigate this as many cables as possible will be

buried and therefore the seabed should return back to normal over time and restore habitats.

There is potential for there being suspended sediment release into the water. However it has

been stated that sediment release due to offshore construction is not great and within the

natural range caused by natural sea movement. There is also potential for release of

chemicals from the construction process into the water and this will be inevitable.

The main problem with the structure in relation to the sea bed will be localised scour. This

will be mitigated through the use of some form of scour protection.

Effects on marine life: Benthic communities on the sea bed will be affected by the cables and the foundations of the

structures. However these are said to be heavily localised and should not cause long term or

cumulative effects on the community. In a more detailed study fish spawning grounds will

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have to be analysed and these areas will have to be avoided and mitigation measures will

have to be placed in order to prevent damage to spawning grounds.

The turbine structures will create a barrier which is a potential hazard for migrating species

and causes them to change course or could potentially split species up. A more detailed

study on individual species that migrate will have to be analysed.

The effects of electromagnetic cables on certain fishes such as the dogfish which is

abundant in this area will have to be analysed to ascertain whether there will be major

effects on mortality rate or behavioural change.

During construction noise could affect very sensitive fish. In a report it was mentioned that

marine life avoided the construction site by 21m. This could be a blessing as it means that

during construction the fish are not affected. The fish will return after construction concludes.

The greatest amount of noise occurs from foundation installation. If a foundation that does

not require piles like gravity based foundation is used it will help greatly in protecting the fish.

During operation the noise produced by rotating blades and other underwater noise such as

electromagnetic noises from high voltage cables can change the behaviour of marine life.

However there is no evidence from previous wind farms that this changes the marine life

significantly.

Some reports have concluded that turbines actually create artificial reefs for marine life.

Researchers also discovered that marine mammals prefer to feed at wind farms due to the

prey that is available at these artificial reefs.

Effect on birds: During construction some prey for birds may be displaced therefore they will have to travel to

different areas for feeding. This will be short term as it will only be during construction.

During operation there is a risk for collision for birds this risk can’t be eliminated. A thorough

survey of all bird species in the area will have to be done to see if any protected species are

passing through there in high densities. There will also be a barrier effect which will mean

species may avoid the area totally or will need to use more energy to manoeuvre the wind

turbines. This in the worst case could affect mortality rates.

For all wild life in the sea and air detailed observation will be required before the consent of

the wind farm is given. These are conducted by companies specialising in each species of

marine life. Further mitigation mechanisms may be needed to protect wild life once these

surveys are complete.

Effect on Land: Land take for cables will be minimised by using the least amount of green land possible. Any

green land used will be done such that within a short time the land can be restored to its

original condition.

Effect on humans: The wind farm will be a visual impact for humans, this has been minimised by locating it

further out at sea. Fishing grounds could also be affected however there has been no

significant reduction in the assembly of shellfish and fish due to wind farm activity as

reported from previous wind farm.

There may be things of archaeological significance in the area which may be discovered

once surveys are done these will have to be removed or preserved. Ship wrecks may be

present on the site and will have to be removed or preserved if of any significant interest.

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Ships will have to avoid the wind farm and will create a new no go zone. However the

density of ships in this area is not that large and will be manageable.

During construction, operation and maintenance, if the Whitby Port is used it will be mean

that the general public will have to be kept out from the assembly area to prevent accidents.

Any noisy work will have to be done during the day. Noise barriers will be placed to keep

noise pollution at minimum.

Summary In conclusion it will be possible to build a wind farm at this location. It will be the best place in

terms of minimising costs and human and environmental impacts. However this would be

subject to detailed studies of the marine environment at the location and analysis of financial

return on investment. This would be necessary before any planning permission is given to

embark on such a project.

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Recommendation (Edison Derrick Mugoya)

For development outside the Harbour zone based on some of the initial

considerations we believe that the canal proposal made by Edison Derrick Mugoya would be

an alternative means of indulging majority of the Whitby’s problems as picked up from the

site Investigation and the clients brief. The factors that influence the recent and future

developments are as following:

To increase the employment rate as new city planning can be incorporated carefully

along the canal to the Saltwick bay as shown in the initial proposal. Recent surveys indicate

that the tourist and leisure industries are experiencing periods of steady growth in Whitby.

This Idea sort of shifts Whitby’s main source of income from tourism allowing Whitby’s

outskirts areas to drive the economy out and attract more jobs/ and formations of

employment out towards the edges of Whitby to reduce the population density in peak

season times whistle managing congestion of people. It will marginally increase the means

of transportation that engages in efficiency so as to have the congestion kept to a minimum

whistle providing ease manoeuvring of the different job sectors to be found along the

proposed canal section. Such facilities are available at the endeavour and Timber or

(Eskdale) Wharves located south of the swing bring. However the current design has been in

use since the 1900’s and calls for Bulk cargo handling that meet modern standards as the

increase in the cargo’s like yachts is a growing industry that needs expansion.

Figure 144 A Cross section of recommended Canal

Surveys conducted in the early 1900’s revealed that each year about 70 vessels

move approximately 80,000 tonnes of cargo through the port of Whitby. With this in mind,

the port of Whitby invested in new dredging facilities; in addition, the provision of new dry

facilities to severe the largest cargo vessels and the fishing fleet was the subject of a

feasibility study at the time.

This addition space on either side of the proposal will give city planners the ability to

regenerate Whitby into two parts; the current Whitby may be considered as a historical

attraction whistle the new development may be considered as the business district driving

Whitby’s economy up and attracting a lot of people back to Whitby kind of like the

regeneration of the docks of Gloucester. This established a framework within which

developers of individual sites could work out their detailed proposals. The plan indicated that

many of the refurbished and new buildings should have shops, cafes or business units on

the ground floor and residential accommodation above. Car parks should be sited around

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the periphery, leaving the central area traffic-free except for service vehicles. Public areas

should have high quality surfacing, street furniture and visual arts features.

Seeing as the town lacks major hotels apart the royal hotel located on the west cliff,

the space alongside the canal will provide this flexibility to the area allowing for an increased

hotel proposal on a green field site as majority of the buildings are listed and can’t be

knocked down and reused as this doesn’t suit the locals ideal of the environment. Canals are

great because not only do they provide new transportation links but may reduce flooding and

excess water may be used to generate electricity for the new developments along it making

it more sustainable and if done with high levels sustainability management as seen by the

BREEAM method then it could be a development project on its own that may be an example

to the rest of the coastal developments. Canals can also act as a water treatment plant

cleaning the river water and then recycling it back into the development, it’s can be cost

effective in this manner.

Figure 145 A Plan view of the entrance to water Treatment Plant via Canal

Infirmary and Emergency facilities may be well designed for long term adjusts to the

topology of Whitby. As the small old roads within the current Whitby it may get really

crowded during peak seasons and getting emergency facilities in and out is increasing more

difficult, however with the new city plans along the new canal this may not be an issue. New

company’s similar to Parkol Marine Engineering may well arise in this area! High raise

buildings that accommodate more hotel spaces, residential homes with excellent views of

the sea side and office spaces to keep up with the increase in population all this and more

becomes possible with this proposal. It will increase finance and cash flow in the long run.

A micro climate environment may develop over the course of this development cycle and it can be used to manage the air temperature so as to keep the area comfortable in the long term; inducing climate change which has the potential to reroute the cold northern winds away from the core living areas. This may be far-fetched; after all it is just a recommendation to the canals potential. This based on the Whitby’s prevailing wind analysis and its change over the century on a decade basis suggests. With this in mind it can be reverted into the increase in the geological, historical and economic background of Whitby’s


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heritage. This factor is unique and as an initiatives and ingenuity of the proposal this recommendation would be an interesting justification for future modifications and development of Whitby.

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180

Appendix A

Minutes and Progress Checks (Edison Derrick Mugoya)

This section of the project is designed to show the background work that couldn’t

make the main report due to fatigue and repetitive analysis such as tables meeting notes

that is require for student progress and checks throughout the course of the project to act as

proof of the efforts into the project by the individuals. The minutes where conducted on a

weekly basic having begun whistle in Whitby during the evening gatherings in our rooms

right through the organised meetings called by myself and conducted and managed by Alan!

As I’m in charge of monitoring the progress of each individual and reporting my findings to

the group leader Alan I have provided a worksheet that was completed after each meeting at

least once a week! On some occasions some group members have been noted as absent

and this is clearly marked in the following sections of this report. These absences can’t be

recovered and other had to take the tasks of the ones that missed a session! And it will

reflect in our report above.

Regular meetings and get together with our lectures Dr. Crina Otlean-Dumbrava and

Dr. Derek Walker have also been recognised as useful meetings and in some case have

been reflected in this minute report. Brief Conversations with the group leader Alan and me

have been recorded for the purpose of assigning the correct amount of effort to the team

member without being biased or with minimal propaganda. I hope you find this section worth

of your time in making a suitable allocation of marks to the individuals that have put in the

effort to achieve their grades. Where mis-understanding persists please feel free to contact

the group leader Alan.

E.D.M


181

GROUP1 (TEAM 2) |MINUTES

AGENDA TOPICS

Time allocatted | week2 5pm | Agenda topic Choosing team leader | Presenter

Team

Our first group meeting took place to decide who should be the team leader in order to drive

the whole project accordingly and deliver the best result. Based on previous experience the

team decided that Alan Majeed should take the responsibility of leading the team

Conclusion: Alan has been chosen to become a team leader

Meeting date | time 9 /29/2014 3:00 PM | Meeting location Library

Meeting called by Edison

Type of meeting Short discussion

Facilitator Alan

Note taker Edison

Timekeeper Alan & Derric

Attendees

Ala n Majeed

Sabah Anwar Hamagareb

Khalid Al - A h babi

Edison Derrick Mugoya


182

Action items Attendence Next

meeting

Vote was taken Suhayl Motara

6/10/2014

Edison Mugoya

Khalid Al-Ahbabi

Sabah Hamagereb

Alan Majeed

Brief /Suhayl joining the group

Time allocatted | 6/10/2014 | Agenda topic Introductory Meeting | Presenter ALAN

Discussion: Assigning the different tasks to the individuals of the group whistle giving

feedback on their thoughts about the brief. A discussion on the time slots for subsequent

meetings. Get environmental maps, street maps and marine maps. Then we arrived at

Whitby Khalid went on transportation lecture with Rob Pheasant, Suhayl and Edison went to

collect information about Whitby and Sabah and Alan went to interview local people about

the major issues that the town were going through.

Conclusion: Covered the meeting brief.


183


meeting

Preparing for day out in Whitby Edison Mugoya

7/10/2014

Khalid Al-Ahbabi

Sabah Hamagereb

Alan Majeed

Suhayl Motara

Time allocatted | 6/10/2014 (after dinner) | Agenda topic day out in whitby |

Presenter ALAN

Discussion: After having a long day in Whitby we had a meeting to share the

information that the group members gathered. Some points were taken in to

consideration such as;

Every team member should read and study the hand book properly.

What are the major issues in whitby?

How can we meet the needs of whitby ?

Suggestion of area development and local’s comments.

Collect more data, take lots of photos and information while we are in whitby .

Every team member should take the tasks that confident with and dedicate time

with having strategy to deliver the best of it.

Think of any questions so we could ask the tutors and the local authority’s

representatives

Every team member should manage their time, and if need it helping other team

members.

Alan should set up a Whatsapp group (phone app) for team communication via

text massages, and everyone should engage and respond to the texts.

Prepare for next day meetings and tasks.

Conclusion: Everyone had chosen (the must tasks to do), some minor tasks were

also given out for the next day.


184


meeting

Splitting the tasks Edison Mugoya

7/10/2014

Khalid Al-Ahbabi

Sabah Hamagereb

Alan Majeed

Suhayl Motara

Time allocatted | 7/10/2014(before dinner) | Agenda topic Splitting the tasks | Presenter ALAN

Discussion: Assigning the different tasks to the team members as follows;

Alan Majeed (park and ride, Improving tourism.i.e water sports, off shore wind farm

service, current parking problem)

Khalid Al-Ahbabi (New bridge + swing bridge, leisure center, traffic congestions)

Sabah Hamagereb (Flood risk, Aquarium, Pontoon and Marina)

Edison Mugoya (Sustainable Energy Sources, New bridge + swing bridge, Harbour

development, Taking notes and record the minutes)

Suhayl Motara (Environmental Impact Assessments for different proposals, Coastal

Erosion, Bulk Cargo, Hotel or training centre)

Conclusion: Everyone had chosen the tasks for time being after discussion, also

mentioned that the tasks might change as we go alone and getting the feedbacks from the

tutors.


185


meeting

Site investigation Edison Mugoya

14/10/2014

Khalid Al-Ahbabi

Sabah Hamagereb

Alan Majeed

Suhayl Motara

Time allocatted | 7/10/2014 (after dinner) | Agenda topic site investigation |

Presenter ALAN

Discussion: more information was collected by the group members, during the site

investigation and attended the gathering; Mr. John Woodhead’s points were carefully

examined and questions were asked with recording the data that might be needed for

the projects.

Conclusion: Minor tasks were achieved and Mr. John Woodhead’s points were taken

in to considerati


186


meeting

Park & Ride, Leisure Centre, Traffic Congestion, Swing bridge Edison Mugoya

24/10/2014

Khalid Al-Ahbabi

Sabah Hamagereb

Alan Majeed

Suhayl Motara

Time allocatted | 14/10/2014 (after lecture) | Agenda topic Location | Presenter

ALAN

Discussion:

To all agree upon the suitable locations for the footbridge, park and ride, hotel, Leisure

Centre, water sport,etc...

Looking into developing the East cliff side where there’s less infrastructure more

greenery

Discussion point! A report from everyone should be produced as all agreed upon by

Tuesday 21st of October 2014. And these will be assessed by the rest of the group in the

next meeting.

Make a booking of a room in the library for future meetings, with a computer and

whiteboard and markers.

Feed backs from team members

Checking every team member’s progress.

Conclusion:

We generally believe the above was a good proposal based on the ideas brought up in our

discussion.


187


meeting

Meeting with the Lectures Edison Mugoya

28/10/2014

Khalid Al-Ahbabi

Sabah Hamagereb

Alan Majeed

Suhayl Motara (Absent)

Time allocatted |9:00AM 24/10/2014 | Agenda topic meeting the lectures| Presenter

ALAN

Discussion:

Group ideas were discussed with lectures,

Alan must design the Matrix Form

Parameters for matrix form were decided

Questions about sustainability, design of the bridge, different ideas were asked

Attend the group meeting with Dr. Crina

Every team member must complete the matrix form and have it ready for next

meeting so we could rate them

Alan and Edison went back to see Mr.Derric to confirm the matrix form

Conclusion:

Points from lectures were taken into consideration; also the matrix form tasks was

design


188


meeting

Progress Check and design Matrix Edison Mugoya

30/10/2014

Khalid Al-Ahbabi

Sabah Hamagereb

Alan Majeed

Suhayl Motara

Time allocated | 9:00AM 28/10/2014 | Agenda topic Progress check | Presenter ALAN

Discussion:

To come up with a decision making method of deciding a proposal design matrix of

advantages and Disadvantages/ Pro’s and con’s; so as to begin writing a detailed

proposal from the collected group information from the Whitby trip.

Discussing the matrix parameters and explaining the meaning of them.

Discussion with Suhayl that he should attend the meetings and not been absent

anymore as the meetings are very important.

Decide to finish the rating on next meeting 30/10/2014 deadline

Communications between the group members should improve as some members failing

to respond to the team discussion and decisions.

Different and more tasks were given out.

Focusing on sustainability.

Conclusion:

After a long assessment and overall look at the assessment of the EIA (cover by my college

Suhayl

Motara) and the Sustainable actions that should be taken we decided to look at a detailed

design on the new Interchange located on the east cliff if possible. The Economic and social

aspects where taken into account and have been assessed appropriately.


189


meeting

Flood Risk/Solutions Edison Mugoya

4/11/2014

Khalid Al-Ahbabi

Sabah Hamagereb

Alan Majeed


Time allocated | 30/10/2014 | Agenda topic Detailed Proposal | Presenter ALAN

Discussion:

Matrix form rated with advantages and disadvantages

Group ideas about next step were discussed

Group decided to speak with Suhayl next week that he should not be absent any more,

as he was absent again and missed an important part of the group project

Conclusion

Matrix form rated, and next meeting arranged.


190


meeting

Method Statement, risk assessment Edison Mugoya 7/11/2014

Khalid Al-Ahbabi (Absent)

Sabah Hamagereb (Absent)

Alan Majeed

Suhayl Motara

Time allocated | 04/11/2014 | Agenda topic Method Statement | Presenter ALAN

Discussion:

Several detailed designs combined makes up the single viable solutions

Please address to all the area of the brief

Methods statements and Risk assessment, for commercial and bridge development

We need 10 more significant methods of construction operations, foundation, roofing, shear walls and glass windows fittings such stuff

Every proposal should consider flooding, erosion weathering etc off the brief note…

Training Centre will be done by Edison Derrick Mugoya.

Drawings printed in A3 for both commercial and bridge, in a first angle projection

Conclusion

All agreed on a deadline to have our detailed design ready for proof reading! Begin

Assembling the overall project as we gathered the groups’ contribution towards the project.

All written reports by the 20th of November 2014 will be assessed by Alan and Edison to

check for grammar and spelling and then assembled to a final document ready for

submission. No further major changes will be taken from this point. Unless subjected by the

lectures. All team member have their individual tasks to complete in detail please, help on

various areas of weakness may be compensated by other team members but at their own

liking. Remember to check that you don’t fall into plagiarism and serious checks will be done

by Alan and Edison regarding this. Reference technics should be picked up from the Harvard

reference system found on blackboard. Download a copy and use it where necessary

please. The next meeting may be scheduled tomorrow after the class discussion as

timetabled, please refer to this and use Whatsapp where a lack or misunderstanding

persists.


191


meeting

Method Statement, risk assessment Edison Mugoya

14/11/2014

Khalid Al-Ahbabi (Absent)


Alan Majeed

Suhayl Motara


Discussion:

The requirements for the executive summary and the introduction.

The details of the template and overall drawing.

Conclusion

We should take the CAD drawings to check with Mr. Derek Walker next week on the

14/11/2014


192


meeting


27/11/2014

Khalid Al-Ahbabi


Alan Majeed



Discussion:

the bridge was to wide therefore Derek have mentioned it should be

narrowed down to 7 meter

Derek mentioned specifically that Whitby is doing fine with one lane

carriageway therefore that was reason to narrow it from dual lane to single

lane

All drawing should show the title clearly on viewport

Plastic modulus calculations should be added to the report

For the park and ride Alan had to show the main road and change the

entrance and the exit

Conclusion

All point were taken in to consideration, and we bring the drawings to see him next week.


193


meeting


14/11/2014

Khalid Al-Ahbabi


Alan Majeed



Discussion:

We asked how many copies we have to submit.

Soft copies were needed for Dr. Crina Otlean-Dumbrava

The format of the Executive summary

Regarding EIA we asked whether it should be done for each of the detailed

proposals.

Then we asked about the presentations

Conclusion

We concluded that two copies need to be submitted and a soft copy needs to be sent to Dr.

Crina. The format shouldn’t contain any bullet point. We then decided that it needs to be

done by for each detailed design!


194

Appendix B

Matrix Forms for initial Consideration

Commercial development: Tidal Turbines 5 Table of Matrix (1) 5


Employment For Locals Creating an employment for locals 3 Not enough job opportunist 2

Environmental

Renewable energy

3 could be dangerous to the marine life 2

Flora and fauna

Tourist Attraction none 1 none 4

Cost in comparison to alternative methods of

producing energy it relatively cheap 4 Very high cost to construct 1

Traffic Congestion No traffic congestion in the town 4 during construction and maintenance it may

cause delay of ships 1

Social Aspect Aesthetically pleasing, and providing jobs 3 Installing many turbines isn’t good it affects

the marine life 2

Architectural Compatibility It's hidden under water so it doesn't affect the

nature of Whitby 4 none 1


195

Parking Doesn't require lots of parking space. 4 maybe during service require some parking’s 1

Risk If the H & S rule are followed it may reduce risk,

and it'll be safe 2 May affect the marina life 3

Construction Time It won't affect the local business 3 6months – 1 year 2

Financial Income Provides means of income, excess income may

be sold 3 Expenses on maintenance 2

Durability Last up to 20years 1 Salt water may cause problems and require

regular maintenance 4

Accessibility easy to access 4 Can be accessed only by boat and requires

subdues for maintenance 1

Benefit For Locals Creating an employment opportunity for locals

and clear energy 3 none 2

Safety of User accessed by profession personal 1 could be risky during operation 4

Effect on Local Business provides cheap energy for local business 5 none 0

Limited to Seasonal All year round 5 none 0


196

Maintenance Small amount of labour 1 expert personal required for the job, and

require maintenance and monitoring 4

Multifunctional could be used as a light house in some cases 1 only used for one purpose (energy) 4

Ingenuity Provides a good opportunity for innovative

construction towards the balance of social and efficiency

3 none 2

Sum 58 42


197

Commercial development: Off shore Wind Farm

Service

Table of Matrix (2)


Employment For Locals Create jobs for locals, and brings money

to Whitby

4 It may cause to lose some jobs in the current

car park

-1

Environmental It helps the off shore wind farm to run

smoothly which is one of the greenest

way of producing energy, and solve their

problems.

4 It may cause disruption to the marine life (if

there is any) during construction and normal

service; also waste has an impact if not

controlled.

-1

Tourist Attraction It may attract some tourism 0 All year around -5

Cost It may cost the local authority some

money to build it, but in return it is a big

investment for the harbour as the

harbour board says in Whitby Gazette;

“significant economic growth potential”

0 The money comes from the existence car park

might be minimised

-5

Traffic Congestion By Occupying the location for this

service we encourage cars to use park &

ride for less traffic congestion in the

town.

3 It might create traffic congestion in the town

and around it in the time of construction and in

the time of running, unless alternative transport

method take place(river transport)

-2

Social Aspect By creating jobs, this will help the people

of Whitby to have a better life style and

fewer problems with family, drug,

alcohol, etc..

4 Some may complain due to less spaces of

parking in that area.

-1


198

Architectural Compatibility The site will be constructed in the way it

fits in to harbour area, similar to Parkol

site.

2 none -3

Parking Divert the parking to park & ride 0 There will be less parking spaces in the town -5

Risk We could overcome the risk during the

construction and after by better H&S

plan

3 It could be risky to locals or the workers during

construction time.

-2

Construction Time ``it is hoped that they will be in place as

early as next year``(Whitby Gazette)

4 If it’s not finished on time it could cost the local

authority and business.

-1

Financial Income It’s a big investment for the harbour as

the harbour board says in Whitby

Gazette; “significant economic growth

potential”

3 It may cause the business or car park in the

existence location to be relocated

-2

Durability It last for a long time 4 Unless Disaster strike (flood) -1

Accessibility Easy access to it from roads and river. 4 Might cause traffic in town, and disruption to

locals during construction, but fewer problems

after construction.

-1

Benefit For Locals It helps young people to stay or study in

order to get a job

4 none -1

Safety of User Safe if H&S rules followed 2 Safe if H&S rules followed -3

Effect on Local Business Helps local businesses to revive (hotels,

restaurants, supermarkets, petrol.,etc.

4 none -1

Limited to Seasonal All year around 5 All year around 0


199

Maintenance Bringing more jobs to Whitby by

employing other skills to do the

maintenance.

3 Some part of the project might need

maintenance

-2

Multifunctional The actual location could be used for

something else in the future if decided to

move the service.

1 none -4

Ingenuity Some new technology can be used 3 might cost more money -2

Total 57 -43

Commercial

development: Park & Ride Table of Matrix (3)


Employment For Locals Create jobs for locals, and brings money to

Whitby

3 It may cause to lose some jobs in the current

farm

2

Environmental Less CO2 emission in the town in particular

and in the world in general by bringing zero

or low emission buses, less accident in

town, help people to walk even if it’s a short

distance,

4 Using another plot of green land or a farm 1


200

Tourist Attraction easy access+ easy transportation + easy

parking = More tourist

5 none 0

Cost It may cost the local authority some money

to build it, but in return it is a big investment

for Whitby

2 If costs too much then private sector might

get involve, less profit for local council

3

Traffic Congestion Definitely solve most of the problems in the

town

2 none 3

Social Aspect By creating jobs, this will help the people of

Whitby to have a better life style and fewer

problems with family, drug, alcohol, etc..

4 none 1

Architectural

Compatibility

Because this is located outside of Whitby in

the open area Architectural Compatibility is

not a big issue, but we could come up with

design which suits Whitby

3 none 2

Parking sort out the parking issue in town with a

large capacity of parking spaces

4 none 1

Risk We could overcome the risk during the

construction and after by better H&S plan

5 none 0

Construction Time It might take up to 1 year 4 If not finished on time it could cost the local

authority

1

Financial Income It’s a massive income for Whitby, 2 People who work in that farm lose jobs, if not

the owner. (compensation)

3

Durability It last for a long time 3 none 2


201

Accessibility Very easy because it’s on one of the major

roads of Whitby(A171),close to high bridge,

easy access to it from East & West cliff and

from Scarborough

4 Some of the roads in west might need to be

rerouted.

1

Benefit For Locals It helps future growth of Whitby, more jobs 5 none 0

Safety of User Safe if H&S rules followed 4 Safe if H&S rules followed 1

Effect on Local

Business

simply more tourism more money for locals

Business

3 It might have effects on local taxi firms 2

Limited to Seasonal All year around 4 All year around 1

Maintenance Bringing more jobs to Whitby by employing

other skills to do the

maintenance.(mechanics, cleaners, etc.)

4 Some part of the project need maintenance

(Buses, toilets, etc…)

1

Multifunctional The actual location could be used for

something else at present (leisure centre) ,

and in the future if decided to move the

service

5 might have to change the plan if leisure centre

added and that costs more money

0

Ingenuity Since we have a large area we could come

up with so many brilliant designs (maybe

Leisure centre on the top) and features

3 might cost more money 2

Total 73 27

Commercial

development: Water sport and jet pack Table of Matrix (4)



202

Employment For Locals Create jobs for locals, and brings money to Whitby 5 Training might be provided from outside (temp) 0

Environmental No environmental effect 4 it may cause disruption to the marine life (if there

is any) along the coast or river Esk

-1

Tourist Attraction Big time!! Since there is none in Yorkshire and other

close area

5 None 0

Cost very cheap compare to any other projects 4 Gears or Parts might need to be imported -1

Traffic Congestion none 2 It could limit the activates where ever it located (

coast, Esk river)

-3

Social Aspect Brings joy to every one (young people, Tourist,

locals) it’s a must try for every one

4 maybe adults only -1

Architectural

Compatibility

none 5 Nice to see, even just watching! 0

Parking Use park and ride 2 none -3

Risk We could overcome the risk by training and better

H&S plan

1 not suitable for people who doesn’t know how to

swim

-4

Construction Time only few weeks 4 none -1

Financial Income It’s a very good income for Whitby, 4 none -1

Durability designed for both fresh and salt water use with all

exposed metal pieces made of either stainless steel

or hard coat anodized aluminium with Teflon coating

to protect against corrosion and abrasion, but

crushable if not used accordingly

2 parts could be a bit expensive due to potage -3

Accessibility easy 4 none -1

Benefit For Locals more jobs, good fun for young’s and others to watch 4 none -1


203

Safety of User Safe if H&S rules followed 1 Safe if H&S rules followed -4

Effect on Local

Business

simply more tourism more money for locals

Business

4 none -1

Limited to Seasonal Possibility extend to few month in the year 1 good in summer or dry time -4

Maintenance Gears needs maintenance, Bringing more jobs to

Whitby by employing other skills to do the

maintenance.

1 Gears needs maintenance, cost more money -4

Multifunctional scooper diving , jet pack, fly fish, parasailing,

banana boat, glass bottom boat, jet ski, etc.

3 none -2

Ingenuity The whole thing is movable from one location to

another

5 none 0

Total 65 -35

Commercial development: New East Cliff Interchange 5 Table of Matrix (5) 5


Employment For Locals It’ll provide more job

4

It won’t be a convenient for the works 1

Environmental

They are predictable

1 change the shape of country side because of reroutings,

and disturbing the creatures who lives in the area 4

Tourist Attraction easy access for tourism 3

None 2


204

Cost 1 High construction 4

Traffic Congestion Minimised due to increased traffic routes, no cars 4

1

Social Aspect Provides a good appreciation for the location 3 2

Architectural Compatibility

Provides a new pleasing scenery to the east cliff and it’ll be integrated with the design

3 May not be structural possible to build 2

Parking Reduces the level and number of parking required to

as less vehicles will be attracted to the area 2 3

Risk Low risk as accessibility to site has been mapped out and it phases in construction may continue as usual.

2

People may fall onto railway tracks 3

Construction Time 1 4

Financial Income Returns a good amount for collective regeneration of

the town economic growth

4 none 1

Durability Lasts 100 years without huge degradation 3 2

Accessibility High levels and good means of transport

none

Benefit For Locals Increase in the local economy, and attracts tourists none


205

Safety of User Cctv cameras and security is in place to provide

adequate safety

May cause a build-up of suicidal attempts

Effect on Local Business Will divert the main shopping stalls to the east cliff. May remove the general trend and nature of the business

Limited to Seasonal All year round none

Maintenance Well in check and to a good standard as Someone might slip on off the surface

Multifunctional As it provides tourist information and gift shops to the

provides a change over for passing loads from Scarborough to Middleborough

none

Ingenuity Provides a great means of reducing the congestion that is currently there given by the stats of the local

area. none

total 31 29

Commercial

development:

Leisure Centre Table of Matrix (6)


Employment For Locals All of the shops will be given to the local people 4 Senior staff for the Gym and cinema might come from

outside of Whitby

1

Environmental Most the materials used will be environmentally

friendly

2 Supplying the material might cause some emission 3

Tourist attraction It will have a big impact on tourism 3 might cause disturbance 2

Cost might affect the council budget 1 might affect the council budget 4


206

Traffic Congestion It will increase the congestion in the town 1 It will increase the congestion in the town 4

Social Aspect Resident will benefit 3 might affect the landscape of Whitby 2

Architectural

Compatibility

overall it would satisfy Whitby architectural design 3 Some obstacles might stand out 2

Parking Next to the parking area 1 Next to the parking area 4

Risk The soil is not stabile 2 The soil is not stabile 3

Construction Time The leisure centre will take time to construct 1 The leisure centre will take time to construct 4

Financial Income There will be a huge income due to the shop,

cinema, GYM and bowling ally

4 It will affect the other local business 1

Durability Leisure Centre will be durable 3 some major disaster due to weather might affect the

centre

2

Accessibility There is access routes from the river Esk, walking

and by vehicles

4 there is no disadvantages due to accessibility 1

Benefit For Locals Increase the tourism rate in Whitby 4 1

Safety of User All of the Leisure centre will take a risk assessment

for the safety of the people

4 accidents might occur 1

Effect on Local

Business

More people means more income 3 customers rather go to the leisure centre 2

Limited to Seasonal the Project is not limited to seasonal 4 in summer maybe more active 1

Maintenance maintenance will be on regular basis 2 cost the project 3

Multifunctional 4 it is not multifunctional 1

Ingenuity Saves a lot of space in terms of land 2 might face a problem in the soil 3


207

Total 55 45

Commercial development:

Pedestrianizing the Swing Bridge and building a new bridge Table of Matrix (7)


Employment For Locals the construction will improve the employment in

Whitby 4

There will be some expert workers from the construction company from

outside of Whitby 1

Environmental Pedestrianizing the Swing will reduce the CO2

emission 4 Constructing a new bridge will have an

effect on the environment 1

Tourist Attractions Tourist attraction will rise 3 No vehicles to bother them 2

Cost major investment 0 will affect the council 5

Traffic Congestion The flow of traffic will be smooth 4 Traffic will get faster in Whitby 1

Social Aspect Residents will be happier due to the swing bridge

will not be demolished 3 It might affect Whitby historic

landscape 2

Architectural Compatibility due to pedestrianizing the swing bridge it will not

stand out in Whitby 3 building the new bridge for vehicles

may on fit well 2

Parking There are some parking area in the town 1 The new bridge will use some of the

parking space inside the town 4

Risk Less risk for the people how dive the vehicles and

the pedestrians 4 There might be some risk in building

the bridge 1

Construction Time It might take some time 1 long time to construct 4


208

Financial Income there is no income to construct a new bridge 0 there is no income to construct a new

bridge 5

Durability Building a new bridge is durable 4 Might face major weather condition 1

Accessibility Easy access 4 1

Benefit For Locals Residents will be happier due to the swing bridge

will not be demolished 3 It might affect Whitby historic

landscape 2

Safety of User Safer for the people how dive the vehicles and the

pedestrians 4 There might be some accidents on the

bridge 1

Effect on Local Business due to pedestrianizing the swing bridge it might

affect some local business 4

due to pedestrianizing the swing bridge it might affect some local

business 1

Limited to Seasonal The new Bridge is not limited to seasonal 5 The new Bridge is not limited to

seasonal 0

Maintenance Maintenance should be every 10 years 1 Maintenance should be every 10 years 4

Multifunctional pedestrians, boats and vehicles can use it 3 Not Multifunctional 2

Ingenuity As a proposal I think this is the best solution 4 there is a chance of mistakes in

construction 1

Total 59 41

Table of Matrix (8)


Employment For

Locals

Provide more job and service 1 Might be few people are attend 4


209

Environmental Improve more training and education about marina 1 Encourage more fishing

4

Tourist Attraction Encourage more tourism to study in Whitby

1 Might be seasonal time tourist come to training 4

Cost Development land is provide reduce cost 3 New building and stuff require extra cost 2

Traffic

Congestion

Next to excited car park 3 Increase congesting during training and tourist

session

2

Social Aspect Locals will like the idea of providing jobs and training

1 Locals may not agree because of environment impact 4

Architectural

Compatibility

Use traditional method 2 New project need modern technic 3

Parking Park and ride help parking space 3 Required more parking space 2

Risk Improving training and education can help reduce risk 2 Impact on Environment and economic 3

Construction

Time

Can construct in one year 3 Required extra technic and resist materials in flood

risk area

2


210

Financial Income Provide more income, job and attracting tourist 1 Effecting local marina business 4

Durability New projects has more life ability 3 Constructing in harbour site cause less durable 2

Accessibility Easy to access from river and car park 2 More difficult during tourist season 3

Benefit For

Locals

Provide more job, income and training 2 Environment impact 3

Safety of User Safe enough if H&S followed 2 Required extra tension during training time 3

Effect on Local

Business

Provide more costumer 1 Reduce parking space 4

Limited to

Seasonal

Can be used in all season 0 none 5


211

Maintenance Provide more jobs 4 Regular maintain 1

Multifunctional Only used for sailing and fishing training 3 Difficult to convert to other function 2

Ingenuity Some new technology can be used 2 Can be expensive 3

Total 40 60

Construct new Boats Storage Table of Matrix (9)


Employment For

Locals

Create more job 4 Reduce parking area 1

Environmental Dry storage reduce boats contact in the water 4 Impact the water during boats storage 1

Tourist

Attraction

Allows more spacing in mooring area for tourist boats

usage

4 Changes the view of harbour area and this effect

tourist attraction

1

Cost Storage coast is much less than pontoon 3 New construction is required new instrument and

sustainable materials

2


212

Traffic

Congestion

Improve traffic and parking congestion for boats by

providing new boats place

3 More congestion in result of attracting more people to

harbour using their cars

2

Social Aspect Local residence will be pleased due to new work and jobs 4 Could change the way the upper harbour area look,

so local residence might reject changing in heritage

1

Architectural

Compatibility

Design a building in a form of boats 2 Might create congestion in upper harbour as its been

used by other larger ships

3

Parking Provide new space to park boats 3 Occupy car park land and more car parking spaces

needed

2

Risk Could reduce the risk of flood 2 Effecting workers life during construction 3

Construction

Time

Construct on land required less time 3 Might take long time to construct new storage 2

Financial Income Provide more income and jobs for locals 4 In construction stage might effecting local business if

build during tourist season

1

Durability New projects can improve durability 3 Constructing in marine area might result in less

durability

2

Accessibility River and land can be used to transport materials 3 Difficult to access from the land and river during

tourist season

2

Benefit For

Locals

Provide more job and income, and could help fishing

industry

4 Effecting local marina business and tourism 1

Safety of User Safe if H&S rules followed 2 It could be dangerous in during extreme weather in

flood risky area

3

Effect on Local

Business

Attracting more costumer for local business 5 none 0


213

Limited to

Seasonal

All year round 4 Allow extra activities during tourist season 1

Maintenance Maintenance and service are provide more jobs 2 Regular maintain required 3

Multifunctional Store boats 2 Only marine purpose 3

Ingenuity Movable alternative method can be used 3 Cost more money 2

Total 64 36

Aquarium Table of Matrix (10)


Employment For

Locals

Provide more job by attracting visitors 4 Most of tourist visitors are coming during tourist season 1

Environmental No major impact on environment in particular and

creatures in general

2 Noise pollution during construction, and causing

imprisonment to creatures or marine life.

3

Tourist

Attraction

Attract more tourists 3 It is not the only aquarium in the area as there is another

one in Scarborough

2

Cost Fairly easy to construct 1 construction costs a lot of money 4

Traffic

Congestion

Visitors can use park and ride 1 The location of the aquarium would cause congestion

during high tourist seasons

4

Social Aspect Locals will like the idea of provide jobs and leisure 3 Locals may not agree because of environment impact 2

Architectural

Compatibility

Can be build the way it fits Whitby’s nature 2 Effecting the harbour area as it will build close to the river 3


214

Parking Visitors can use park and ride during visiting 1 The location of the site would cause congestion during

high tourist seasons

4

Risk Safe if H&S rules followed 2 Location is in flood risk area 3

Construction

Time

Easy to construct as there is no existing building in the

chosen location

2 Project duration and material transportation would be an

issue

3

Financial Income Provide more income and job for local resident 3 Seasonal income 2

Durability Its durable 2 Local weather and flood risk reduce durability 3

Accessibility Easy to access from river and car park 3 Difficulty during tourist season 2

Benefit For

Locals

Would increase the employment for locals 3 Has impact on harbour spacing 2

Safety of User User follow safety procedure 2 Extra attention during cleaning tanks and maintenance 3

Effect on Local

Business

Attract more costumer in all season 3 Less attraction out of tourist season 2

Limited to

Seasonal

Could be all year around 4 Less tourist out of tourist season 1

Maintenance Easy to maintain 2 Regular maintain and service might be costly 3

Multifunctional Other businesses could include ( café, restaurant, etc.) 5 none 0

Ingenuity Unique or similar design to harbour existing building 2 Effect the scenery of harbour area 3

Total 50 50

Table of Matrix (11)


215

Commercial development: pedestrians the swing bridge


Employment For Locals only the current employers 1 none new workers 4

Environmental reduce the CO2 emission 4 due to the machines some environmental damage will

be used

1

Tourist Attraction Tourist attraction will rise 3 No vehicles to bother them 2

Cost no cost to the council 5 none 0

Traffic Congestion only one river crossing will be available 1 will cause a major traffic jam on the high bridge 4

Social Aspect people will be happier due to the swing bridge will not

be demolished

4 It might affect Whitby historic landscape 1

Architectural Compatibility the swing bridge it will not stand out in Whitby 3 building the new bridge for vehicles may on fit well 2

Parking There are some parking area in the town 3 very difficult to get to the parking area 2

Risk no risk pedestrians 5 none 0

Construction Time no time needed 5 none 0

Financial Income there is no income to construct a new bridge 0 there is no income to construct a new bridge 5

Durability not durable 0 Might face major weather condition 5

Accessibility not easy access 1 major roads will be rerouted 4

Benefit For Locals Residents will be happier due to the swing bridge will

not be demolished

2 it might be a hustle to cross the river 3

Safety of User Safer for the people who dive the vehicles and the

pedestrians

4 There might be some accidents on the bridge 1


216

Effect on Local Business hardly there are no benefits 1 it might affect some local business 4

Limited to Seasonal The new Bridge is not limited to seasonal 5 The new Bridge is not limited to seasonal 0

Maintenance regular maintenance is needed 1 regular maintenance is needed 4

Multifunctional pedestrians, boats and vehicles can use it 3 Not Multifunctional 2

Ingenuity this is not the best solution 2 this is not the best solution 3

Total 53 47


217

Appendix C

Drawings

Whitby Feasibility Study final final 555 final final

Documents

Transcript of Whitby Feasibility Study final final 555 final final