When Talent Becomes A Social Hindrance: A Study on the Psychosocial Skills of Artistically-Talented...

8/14/2019 When Talent Becomes A Social Hindrance: A Study on the Psychosocial Skills of Artistically-Talented High School St

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Dottlke s ^jlk Poclkp Dlbehlr O Rebmoc Jmk`tokbl9 ORp|`} ek pjl Vr}bjerebmoc Ramccr eg Otpmrpmbocc}(Poclkpl`Jmnj Rbjeec Rp|`lkpr mk Vjmcmvvmkl Jmnj Rbjeec get pjl Otpr

?

BJOVPLT M

MKPTE@\BPMEK

O+ Dobante|k` eg pjl Rp|`}

Op pjmr pmhl ok` onl# o cep eg mkplcclbp|oc lkjokbltr dl mp o dtok` eg hmca# wmpohmk et

gee` otl dlmkn mkpte`|bl` pe bjmc`tlk d} pjlmt votlkpr mk jevlr eg hoamkn pjlh dtmccmokp

am`r+ Peò}r rpltlep}vl eg nmgpl` ok` poclkpl` bjmc`tlk mr rehlekl ~je bok tlbmpl pjl

`mggltlkp gconr eg pjl ~etc`# bok behv|pl hopjlhopmboc vtedclhr mk o hopplt eg rlbek`r et

rmhvc} lzlb|pl ok obpmwmp} pjop mr ~o} pee o`wokbl` get pjlmt obp|oc onl+

Tlmr *4660- bjotobpltmylr pjl nmgpl` ok` poclkpl` mk`mwm`|ocr or `lhekrptopmkn

objmlwlhlkp et veplkpmocr mk nlkltoc mkplcclbp|oc odmcmp}# rvlbmgmb obo`lhmb ovpmp|`l# btlopmwl

et vte`|bpmwl pjmkamkn# clo`ltrjmv odmcmp}# wmr|oc ok` vltgethmkn otpr ok` vr}bjehepet

obpmwmp}+ Pjl} otl ocre bovodcl eg jowmkn ok e|prpok`mkn vltgethokbl ek `mggltlkp clotkmkn

otlor ~jmbj tmrlr odewl o rvlbmgml` det`ltcmkl *@lcmrcl ok` Nocdtompj# 4664-+

Or jmrpetmbocc} `lgmkl`# nmgpl` mk`mwm`|ocr otl pjerl ~je jowl lzblvpmekoc

vltgethokbl ok` jowl edpomkl` o jmnj mkplccmnlkbl q|epmlkp dorl` ek rpokòt`myl` plrp eg

mkplccmnlkbl *^jmphetl# ?=:7-+ Pjerl ~je otl boplnetmyl` or nmgpl` obq|mtl ake~cl`nl et

ramccr ~mpj lorl et o gorplt topl behvotl` pe pjerl mk`mwm`|ocr eg pjlmt bjtekecenmboc onl+

Nmgpl` mk`mwm`|ocr nlkltocc} jowl r|vltmet mkplcclbp|oc odmcmpmlr mk obo`lhmb r|dilbpr *Bcota '

Ymhhlthok# ?==:-+ Hetlewlt# ^jmphetl *?=:7- hlkpmekl` pjop nmgpl` bjmc`tlk otl

bekrm`ltl` pe dl mk pjl pev ekl# pjtll# gmwl# et plk vltblkp eg pjl pepoc vev|copmek mk q|ocmp} eg

vltgethokbl ek o gomt rpokòt` hlor|tl eg odmcmp}+


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4

Pe dl poclkpl` ocre hlokr pe dl nmgpl` d|p ~mpj pjl verrlrrmek eg e|prpok`mkn odmcmpmlr

mk pjl wmr|oc et vltgethmkn otpr+ Odewl owltonl odmcmpmlr mk pjl otpr r|bj or `to~mkn ~mpje|p

bev}mkn pe lzmrpmkn geth|cor# odmcmp} pe nlkltopl etmnmkoc m`lor mkwlkpmekr ok` mkkewopmekr mk

otp ~etar ocre bekrpmp|pl pjl hlokmkn eg pjl plth poclkpl`+ Tlblkpc}# ~jmcl nmgpl` jor

tlpomkl` mpr ec` hlokmkn# dlmkn poclkpl` jor obq|mtl` o kl~ rlkrl d} jowmkn r|vltmet odmcmpmlr

mk votpmb|cot rbjeec r|dilbpr cmal cokn|onl otpr# rbmlkbl et hopjlhopmbr+ Rp|`mlr mk ?=6r jowl rje~k pjop pjl mkplcclbp|occ}(nmgpl` mk`mwm`|ocr otl ocre bovodcl eg

lzblccmkn mk pjl gmlc` eg otpr ok` pjl otpmrpmbocc}(poclkpl` otl ocre bovodcl eg lzblccmkn mk

obo`lhmbr *Bcota ' Ymhhlthok# ?==:-+

Je~lwlt# pjl lhepmekoc clwlc eg nmgpl` mk`mwm`|ocr `elr kep oc~o}r hopbj cenmbocc}

~mpj pjlmt mkplcclbp|oc bovodmcmpmlr+ @|l pe pjlmt |kmq|lklrr ok` r|vltmet mkplccmnlkbl# nmgpl`

mk`mwm`|ocr gobl votpmb|cot `mggmb|cpmlr mk rebmelhepmekoc `lwlcevhlkp+ Tel`lcc *?=:7-

hlkpmekl` pjop pjl ntloplt pjl `lntll eg nmgpl`klrr# pjl ntloplt pjl `lwmopmek gteh pjl keth+

Pjltlgetl# pjl hetl cmalc} pjl bjmc` ~e|c` lkbe|kplt o`i|rphlkp vtedclhr or o tlr|cp eg

bevmkn gteh rptlrr+ Get pjmr tlorek# pjl nmgpl` ok` poclkpl` ho} dlbehl w|ckltodcl pe rebmoc

bekgethmp}# ~jltlmk pjl} gmk` ~o}r pe gmp mk rebmocc} jm`mkn pjlmt o`wokbl` mkplcclbp|oc

odmcmpmlr ok` pt}mkn pe obp or owltonl *^jmphetl# ?=:7-+ Okepjlt tlrlotbj cmpltop|tl

*Nocconjlt# Pokklkdo|h mk ^jmphetl# ?=:7- tlwlocl` pjop pjl nmgpl` ok` poclkpl` otl

w|ckltodcl pe gllcmknr eg rebmoc mrecopmek et `mrbehgetp or pjl} jowl cmhmpl` rlclbpmek eg vlltr

gteh ~jmbj pjl} bok lrpodcmrj gtmlk`rjmv+ Pjl} gllc mkrlb|tl pe owltonl vlevcl ok` gllc

mko`lq|opl pe lrpodcmrj rebmoc tlcopmekrjmv ~mpj pjlh dlbo|rl eg pjl mkplcclbp|oc `lhok`r ok`

lzvlbpopmekr rlp d} pjl vlevcl ote|k` pjlh *Heek# 4660-+ Hetlewlt# mp jor ocre dllk ge|k`

e|p pjop pjl bmtbcl eg gtmlk`r eg pjl nmgpl` ok` poclkpl` otl gl~ ok` herpc} ec`lt pjok pjlh


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rmkbl pjl} otl hetl cmalc} pe gmk` vlltr dorl` ek `lwlcevhlkpoc bjotobpltmrpmbr topjlt pjok ek

pjlmt bjtekecenmboc onl *Nocconjlt# Pokklkdo|h mk ^mpjhetl# ?=:7-+

^mpj pjlrl `mggltlkblr# otpmrpmbocc}(poclkpl` oèclrblkpr ho} jowl `mggmb|cpmlr mk

gtmlk`rjmv gethopmek ~mpj pjlmt onlhoplr+ Op pjmr rponl mk pjlmt cmwlr# pjl} ho} lzvltmlkbl

lhepmekoc ok` rebmoc p|themc dlbo|rl eg pjlmt bekgcmbpmkn rebmocmyopmek vteblrr+ Oèclrblkpr

pt} pe poal `mggltlkp rebmoc teclr or pjl} mkpltobp ~mpj vlevcl r|tte|k`mkn pjlh+ Mp mr ocre op

pjmr rponl ~jlk pjl} rvlk` pmhl rlotbjmkn get pjlmt m`lkpmp} ok` dlbehmkn o~otl eg

pjlhrlcwlr ~jmcl pt}mkn pe oòvp ~mpj pjlmt rebmoc lkwmtekhlkp+ Nmgpl` ok` poclkpl`

oèclrblkpr ho} vltblmwl pjlhrlcwlr or `mggltlkp gteh epjltr dlbo|rl eg pjlmt lzblvpmekoc

otpmrpmb odmcmpmlr ~jmbj ~e|c` hoal pjlmt vr}bjerebmoc oì|rphlkp lwlk hetl bekwec|pl`+

\k`ltrpok`mkn pjl verrmdcl otlor eg w|ckltodmcmp} eg pjl nmgpl` ok` poclkpl` oèclrblkpr bok

dl eg n|m`l pe o`|cpr ok` votlkpr ocmal mk `lwlcevmkn pjlmt bjmc`tlkr mkpltvltrekoc

tlcopmekrjmv ramccr+

D+ Topmekocl eg pjl Rp|`}

Mk pjl ceboc rlppmkn# rp|`mlr ho} jowl dllk èkl ek nmgpl`klrr ok` poclkp d|p ekc} o

gl~ rp|`mlr jowl dllk bek`|bpl` ok` ~tmpplk ode|p pjl vr}bjerebmoc behvlplkbmlr eg

otpmrpmbocc}(poclkpl` oèclrblkpr+ Votlkpr ok` o`|cpr ho} v|p vtlrr|tl ok` rlp |ktlocmrpmb jmnj

lzvlbpopmekr pe pjl o`wokbl` odmcmpmlr eg pjl nmgpl` ok` poclkpl` oèclrblkpr ~jmbj hmnjp

jmk`lt mk bott}mkn e|p pjlmt g|cc veplkpmocr ~jmcl pjlmt bjtekecenmboc onlhoplr ho} kep odcl pe

|k`ltrpok` o`wokbl` `lwlcevhlkpoc hmclrpeklr ok` hmnjp kep tlo`mc} obblvp pjlh or gtmlk`r+

Rp|`mlr rje~ pjop o bjmc`r tmra eg `mrbekplkphlkp ok` rebmoc hocoì|rphlkp mkbtlorlr ~mpj


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0

pjl `lntll eg nmgpl`klrr *Jeccmkn~etpj# Pokklkdo|h# Plthok mk ^jmphetl# ?=:7-+ Pjl

rebmoc vtlrr|tl# dte|njp ode|p d} pjlmt poclkp# ho} d|t`lk pjlh ~mpj gllcmknr eg mko`lq|ob}

dlbo|rl ho} kep bokkep bott} e|p behvclplc} ~jop mr lzvlbpl` eg pjlh+

Pjlrl oèclrblkpr ho} kep dl odcl pe |k`ltrpok` g|cc} pjlmt |klwlk `lwlcevhlkp+

Pjl} ho} dl lhepmekocc} bjocclknl` dlbo|rl eg `mggmb|cpmlr mk nlppmkn ocekn ~mpj pllkr eg

pjlmt onl dlbo|rl eg pjl tlq|mtl` bekgethmp}+ Pjl} ho} ocre dlbehl glotg|c mk lzvtlrrmkn

pjlmt mk`mwm`|ocmp} dlbo|rl eg pjlmt edwme|r `mrpmkbpmek gteh pjlmt onlhoplr+ Or o tlr|cp# pjl}

ho} g|kbpmek op mhhop|tl clwlcr eg rebmoc behvlplkbl dlbo|rl eg pjl tlq|mtlhlkpr pjl} jowl

pe hllp ek pjl rebmoc rlppmkn+

Mp mr get pjmr tlorek pjop pjl tlrlotbjlt bek`|bpl` pjmr rp|`} pe mkwlrpmnopl mg pjltl mr o

rmnkmgmbokp `mggltlkbl mk pjl vr}bjerebmoc ramccr eg otpmrpmbocc}(poclkpl` jmnj rbjeec rp|`lkpr eg

`mggltlkp èhomkr kohlc} wmr|oc otpr# òkbl ok` h|rmb+ Pjmr rp|`} jor rlwltoc o`wokponlr or

mp bopltr ek je~ pjl gohmc}# pjl vlltr ok` pjl o|pjetmpmlr eg pjl nmgpl` ok` poclkpl`

oèclrblkpr mkgc|lkbl pjl rebmoc tlcopmekr nmwlk pjl vltblmwl` `mrrmhmcotmp} ~mpj owltonl

bjmc`tlk eg pjlmt onl+ G|tpjlthetl# pjmr vtewm`lr o bekbtlpl `lrbtmvpmek eg pjl lzvltmlkblr

otpmrpmbocc}(poclkpl` oèclrblkpr ok` je~ pjl} bevl nmwlk pjlmt lzblvpmekoc odmcmpmlr+


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o bjmc` ~mpj lzblvpmekoc ok` odmcmpmlr mk pjl otp gmlc`+ Mp bok vtewm`l rptoplnmlr get pjl gohmc}

hlhdltr# plobjltr ok` epjlt o|pjetmpmlr or pe ~jop ovvteobj bok dl |rl` mk et`lt pe `lwlcev

o ~lcc(te|k`l` ok` vr}bjerebmocc} behvlplkp nmgpl` bjmc`+ Pjmr bok dl ocre ok o``mpmek pe pjl

rhocc veec eg mkgethopmek lzmrpmkn ek pjmr pevmb+ Ocre# pjmr tlrlotbj ho} dl eg rmnkmgmbokp

woc|l pe vteglrrmekocr r|bj or n|m`okbl be|krlcetr# vr}bjecenmrpr# hl`mboc `ebpetr ok`

plobjltr+ Pjl orrlrrhlkp gteh pjmr rp|`} ho} dl dlklgmbmoc pe pjlrl vteglrrmekocr mk

m`lkpmg}mkn ~jop amk` eg r|vvetp vtewmrmekr ok` ~jop ovvtevtmopl mkpltwlkpmek vtentoh bok

dl tlbehhlk`l` pe pjl nmgpl` ok` poclkpl` bjmc`tlk+


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:

BJOVPLT MM

TLRLOTBJ GTOHLÊTAR

O+ Bekblvp|oc Gtohl~eta

Gmn|tl 4+?+ Rbjlho9 Pjl `montoh rje~r pjl behveklkpr pjop bekptmd|pl pe pjl vr}bjerebmoc

ramccr eg mkplcclbp|occ}(nmgpl` oèclrblkp ok` otpmrpmbocc}(poclkpl` bjmc`+

Pjmr rp|`}# dlmkn lzvcetopet} ok` `lrbtmvpmwl mk kop|tl# mr geb|rl` ek pjl otpmrpmbocc}(

poclkpl` oèclrblkpr hlor|tl eg vr}bjerebmoc ramccr+ Pjl rebme(`lhentovjmb vtegmcl eg pjl

potnlp tlrvek`lkpr# kohlc}# }lot clwlc# rebme(lbekehmb rpop|r ok` vcobl eg etmnmk otl

Rlcg(Bekblvp

Gohmc}

Vlltr

O|pjetmpmlr

Rebmoc

TlcopmekrOèclrblkp

Otpmrpmb

Poclkp

Rebme(`lhentovjmb

Bjotobpltmrpmbr

Lhepmekoc

Mkplccmnlkbl

Mkptovltrekoc Ramccr

Mkpltvltrekoc Ramccr


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=

behvotl` or pjl} otl orr|hl` pe vco} o wmpoc tecl mk pjl `lwlcevhlkp eg pjl vr}bjerebmoc

ramccr+ Hetlewlt# pjmr gtohl~eta ocre mcc|rptoplr pjop ok oèclrblkpr otpmrpmb poclkp bok ogglbp

jmr tlcopmekrjmv ~mpj jmr onlkpr eg rebmocmyopmek *gohmc}# vlltr ok` o|pjetmpmlr-+ Mp mr get pjmr

tlorek pjop pjl rlcg(bekblvp eg pjl nmgpl` ok` pjl poclkpl` ~mcc dl ocre poalk mkpe bekrm`ltopmek

ok` je~ pjl} otl ogglbpl` d} pjl rmnkmgmbokp mk`mwm`|ocr+ Pjl nmgpl` ok` poclkpl` oèclrblkpr

gethopmek eg rlcg(bekblvp clo`r pe pjl `lwlcevhlkp eg pjlmt vr}bjerebmoc ramccr ~mpj pjl

gecce~mkn èhomkr pe dl mkwlrpmnopl`9 mkpltvltrekoc ok` mkptovltrekoc ramccr+

D+ Pjletlpmboc Gtohl~eta

\tml Dtekglkdtlkkltr Lbecenmboc R}rplhr Pjlet}+ Pe jowl ok |k`ltrpok`mkn eg

j|hok `lwlcevhlkp# ekl h|rp bekrm`lt pjl lbecenmboc r}rplh mk ~jmbj o vltrek nte~r op+ O

vltrekr lbecenmboc r}rplh mr behverl` eg gmwl rebmocc} etnokmyl` r|dr}rplhr pjop tlmkgetbl

pjl bjotobplt nte~pj eg mk`mwm`|ocr+ Pjl r}rplhr toknl gteh hmbter}rplh# ~jmbj vltpomkr pe

pjl tlcopmekrjmv eg o nte~mkn vltrek ~mpj pjl mhhl`mopl lkwmtekhlkp# cmal pjl rbjeec ok`

gohmc}# pe pjl hobter}rplh# ~jmbj mkbc|`lr pjl mkrpmp|pmekoc voppltkr eg b|cp|tl# cmal pjl

lbekeh}# b|rpehr ok` de`mlr eg ake~cl`nl *Dtekglkdtlkklt# ?==0-+ Hetlewlt# pjmr he`lc

verp|coplr pjop pjl bjmc` mr pjl blkplt eg pjl he`lc ok` mr ogglbpl` d} pjl rlppmknr mk ~jmbj jl

et rjl rvlk`r pmhl+ Mk pjmr rp|`}# pjl onlkpr eg rebmocmyopmek eg pjl bjmc`# kohlc} jmr gohmc}

vlltr ok` rmnkmgmbokp o|pjetmpmlr otl pjl herp mkgc|lkpmoc mk`mwm`|ocr rmkbl pjl} otl jmr%jlt

bekrpokp behvok}+ Dormkn ek pjl he`lc# pjl ptlophlkp eg pjlrl rmnkmgmbokp vlevcl ek pjl

otpmrpmbocc}(poclkpl` bjmc` ~mcc tlgclbp ek jmr%jlt ~lcc(dlmkn+ Pe o``# pjl lzvltmlkblr mk ~jmbj


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?6

pjl bjmc` lkbe|kpltr# nmwlk pjl poclkp jl%rjl jor# ~mcc ocre bekptmd|pl pe pjl gethopmek eg

jmr%jlt bjotobplt+ *Dtekglkdtlkklt# 4660-+

B+ Pjletlpmboc Mrr|lr

Pjl Lbecenmboc R}rplhr Pjlet} mr rpmcc dlmkn `ldopl` d} `lwlcevhlkpoc vr}bjecenmrpr

~jlpjlt j|hok `lwlcevhlkp mr mkgc|lkbl` d} dmecenmboc vtl`mrvermpmek *kop|tl- et

lkwmtekhlkpoc mkgc|lkblr *k|tp|tl-+ Okepjlt mrr|l eg pjl he`lc bekrm`ltl` get pjl rp|`} mr

pjl obpmwl( vorrmwl mrr|l# ~jltlmk mp mr `ldopl` mg bjmc`tlk obpmwl bekptmd|petr pe pjlmt e~k

`lwlcevhlkp et vorrmwl tlbmvmlkpr eg lkwmtekhlkpoc mkgc|lkbl *UUUUU# 46?6-+

@+ Evltopmekoc Gtohl~eta

o+ Oèclrblkphocl et glhocl rp|`lkp rp|`}mkn op pjl Vjmcmvvmkl Rbjeec get pjl Otpr+

d+ Rebme(@lhentovjmb Bjotobpltmrpmbr tlgltr pe pjl gohmc} dobante|k` ok`

lkwmtekhlkpoc bjotobpltmrpmbr eg pjl otpmrpmbocc}(poclkpl` oèclrblkpr pjop mkgc|lkbl pjl

gethopmek eg pjlmt rlcg(bekblvp# mkbc|`mkn nlk`lt# hekpjc} mkbehl eg pjl gohmc}#

hoiet# rbjeec etnokmyopmekr ok` be(b|ttmb|cot obpmwmpmlr# tlcmnmek# gohmc} rpop|r ok`

dmtpj et`lt+

b+ Otpmrpmb Poclkpe|prpok`mkn odmcmpmlr mk wmr|oc otpr# h|rmb ok` òkbl+

`+ Gohmc}# Vlltr ok` O|pjetmpmlr pjl nmgpl` ok` poclkpl` oèclrblkpr rmnkmgmbokp

epjltr ~je mkgc|lkbl pjl gethopmek eg pjlmt rlcg(bekblvp


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??

l+ Rlcg(Bekblvp gllcmknr eg vltrekoc behvlplkbl ok` rlcg(lrpllh eg pjl nmgpl` ok`

poclkpl` dorl` gteh pjl mkgc|lkbl eg jmr%jlt onlkpr eg rebmocmyopmek

g+ Lhepmekoc Mkplccmnlkbljowmkn pe è ~mpj mkplttlcopmekrjmv eg pjl nmgpl` ok` poclkpl`

oèclrblkpr vr}bjecenmboc vltblvpmek eg rlcg ok` pjlmt mkpltobpmek pe pjl vlevcl mk pjlmt

lkwmtekhlkp mkgc|lkbl` d} pjlmt mkpltvltrekoc ok` mkptovltrekoc ramccr+

n+ Mkpltvltrekoc Ramccr mr pjl odmcmp} eg pjl nmgpl` ok` poclkpl` oèclrblkpr pe lrpodcmrj ok

ovvtevtmopl dljowmet# geth oppobjhlkp ok` `loc ~mpj vlevcl mk jmr lkwmtekhlkp

j+ Mkptovltrekoc Ramccr tlgltr pe jowmkn ok |k`ltrpok`mkn eg eklrlcg# eg ake~mkn rptlknpjr

ok` ~loaklrrlr# ~jop ekl ~okpr pe è ok` je~ jl%rjl tlobpr pe pjmknr


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?4

BJOVPLT MMM

TLWML^ EG TLCOPL@ CMPLTOP\TL

O+ Bjoknmkn @lgmkmpmek eg Nmgpl`klrr

Pjl bcorrmb `lgmkmpmek eg o nmgpl` bjmc` mr rehlekl lk`e~l` ~mpj honkmgmblkp hlkpoc

r|vltmetmp} ok` odmcmp}# ok` ~mpj jmnj mkplccmnlkbl q|epmlkp mk o toknl eg ?06 et odewl+

*Ljtcmbj# ?=:


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?2

ok` bjokbl gobpetr1 mp ~mcc tlr|cp pe nmgpl`klrr+ O``mpmekocc}# Heek ok` Jocc *?==:-

hlkpmekl` pjop nlklpmb ok` lkwmtekhlkpoc gobpetr mkgc|lkbl pjl hokmglrpopmek eg jmnj(clwlc

odmcmpmlr+ Mp jor dllk ge|k` pjop jocg eg pjl wotmokbl mk M_ rbetlr mk pjl nlkltoc vev|copmek mr

`|l pe jltl`mp} ok` jocg pe pjl lkwmtekhlkp+

Hlok~jmcl# benkmpmwl ovvteobj |rlr vr}bjecenmboc mkrpt|hlkpr r|bj or mkplccmnlkbl

ok` ovpmp|`l plrpr pe orrlrr benkmpmwl odmcmpmlr ok` m`lkpmg} nmgpl`klrr or pjl} vtewm`l tlcmodcl

ok` wocm` hlor|tlr eg hlkpoc vteblrrmkn odmcmpmlr+ Op o }e|kn onl# nmgpl` bjmc`tlk verrlrr pjl

gecce~mkn benkmpmwl bjotobpltmrpmbr9 lotc} cokn|onl mkpltlrp ok` `lwlcevhlkp# cotnl

webod|cotmlr# wetobme|r tlo`mkn jodmpr# lzblcclkp hlhet}# cotnl ake~cl`nl dorlr# b|tmermp}#

odmcmp} pe hokmv|copl odrptobp r}hdec r}rplhr# gorp mk ake~cl`nl obq|mrmpmek ok` o`wokbl`

|k`ltrpok`mkn ek vtmkbmvclr ok` tlcopmekrjmvr *Heek ' Jocc# ?==:-+

Nmgpl` mk`mwm`|ocr jowl dllk rlntlnopl` or lmpjlt obo`lhmb objmlwltr et otpmrpmbocc}(

poclkpl` *Bcota ' Ymhhlthok# ?==:- ok` mp mr pjl hm``cl bjmc`jee` ~jlk nmgpl`klrr mr

kepmblodcl mk pjl otlor eg tlo`mkn# cokn|onl# hopj# tlorekmkn# rbmlkbl# cmpltop|tl ok` otpr+

Pjl} ocre jowl wotmlp} eg mkpltlrpr ok` otl dmdcmevjmclr ~je tlo` `mggmb|cp deear get pjlmt onl+

Pjl} ocre otl mkwecwl` mk becclbpmek# obpmwmpmlr ok` jeddmlr ok` jowl hetl ake~cl`nl ek

nlkltoc mkgethopmek *Rbjet# ?==


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?0

D+ Bjoknmkn @lgmkmpmek eg Otpmrpmb Poclkp

Pjl bcorrmb `lgmkmpmek eg otpmrpmb poclkp dlgetl mr |rl` pe dl bekgmkl` ~mpj pjl

lzlhvcot} vltgethokbl mk pjl gmlc` eg otpr+ Je~lwlt# or pmhl vorrlr# pjl bcorrmb `lgmkmpmek eg

otpmrpmb poclkp jor dllk he`ltkmyl`+ Poclkpl` jor obq|mtl` o kl~ hlokmkn ~jmbj mr

verrlrrmkn r|vltmet odmcmpmlr kep ekc} mk pjl gmlc` eg otpr# d|p ocre o jmnj vltgethokbl mk

mkplcclbp|oc obpmwmp}# btlopmwl et vte`|bpmwl pjmkamkn# clo`ltrjmv odmcmpmlr# wmr|oc ok`

vltgethmkn otpr ok` vr}bjehepet odmcmpmlr ok` ~je tlq|mtl rltwmblr kep et`mkotmc} vtewm`l`

d} pjl rbjeec mk et`lt pe g|cc `lwlcev pjlrl bovodmcmpmlr *Bcota ' Ymhhlthok# ?==:1 Iowmpr#

?=:4-+ Btlopmwmp} or `lgmkl` d} Heek ok` Jocc *?==:- mr o behdmkopmek eg benkmpmek#

vltrekocmp} ok` vltgethokbl eg ok mk`mwm`|oc+

Behvotl` pe mkplcclbp|oc nmgpl`klrr# pjltl mr kep or h|bj mkgethopmek tlnot`mkn

otpmrpmbocc}(poclkpl` bjmc`tlk or pjltl ~ltl ekc} gl~ rp|`mlr pjop jowl geb|rl` rvlbmgmbocc} ek

pjl btlopmwlc} nmgpl`+ Pe g|tpjlt jotklrr otpmrpmb poclkp eg mk`mwm`|ocr lk`e~l` ~mpj r|bj

odmcmp}# o h|cpm`mhlkrmekoc wml~ eg nmgpl`klrr rje|c` mkplntopl ok otto} eg poclkp `lwlcevhlkp

otlor mkbc|`mkn wmr|oc ok` vltgethmkn otpr# lrvlbmocc} mk nmgpl` ok` poclkpl` vtentohr *Bcota

' Ymhhlthok# ?==:-+

^je otl pjl otpmrpmbocc}(poclkpl` mk`mwm`|ocr5 Otpmrpr otl pjerl ~mpj otpmrpmb btlopmwmp}

pjop mr lzvtlrrmwl# mhonmkopmwl# j|hete|r# evlk(hmk`l`# |kmq|l# lhepmekoc ok` lzbmpmkn

*Heek ' Jocc# ?==:-+ Epjlt benkmpmwl bjotobpltmrpmbr orrebmopl` ~mpj btlopmwmp} otl or gecce~r

mkplccmnlkbl# vtedclh(gmk`mkn odmcmp}# `mwltnlkp pjmkamkn odmcmp}# gclzmdmcmp}# hlpovjetmb

pjmkamkn# orrebmopmwl pjmkamkn# wmr|ocmyopmek# mhonmkopmek# lkie}hlkp eg kewlcp}# cenmboc

pjmkamkn# lwoc|opmwl ramcc ok` etmnmkocmp} *Bcota ' Ymhhlthok# ?==:-+


15/80


?

wlkp|tlrehl# rlcg(rlkpmhlkp# bekptec ok` `tmwl ve~lt ok` dlce~ owltonl mk lzbmpodmcmp}#

bekrbmlkpme|rklrr# ewltvteplbpmwl plk`lkbmlr ok` mkrlb|tmp} |rmkn pjl Mkrpmp|pl get Vltrekocmp}

' Odmcmp} Plrpmknr *MVOP- Bjmc`tlkr Vltrekocmp} _|lrpmekkomtl+

L+ Vr}bjerebmoc W|ckltodmcmpmlr eg Nmgpl` ok` Poclkpl` Bjmc`tlk

Kek(nmgpl` mk`mwm`|ocr ho} bekrm`lt lzlhvcot} mkplcclbp ok` poclkp or o nmgp d|p

mk`mwm`|ocr ~je otl bekrm`ltl` or nmgpl` ok` poclkpl` bekrm`lt pjmr nmgp or ok Objmcclr jllc+

Bterr *k+`+- mk Alppclt *466>- hlkpmekl` pjop nmgpl` rp|`lkpr jowl |kmq|l rebmoc ok`

lhepmekoc kll`r or o tlr|cp eg pjlmt nmgpl`klrr+ Nmgpl`klrr btloplr vr}bjecenmboc

w|ckltodmcmpmlr pjop vcobl rpmnho ohekn bjmc`tlk op tmra get `mggmb|cpmlr ~mpj lhepmekoc

oì|rphlkp *Heek ' Jocc# ?==:-+ Lrvlbmocc} pjl jmnjc} nmgpl` rp|`lkpr ~je ovvlot pe dl op

tmra get vr}bjerebmoc `mggmb|cpmlr `|l pe `mggltlkblr ~mpj pjl keth+ Pjl dtmnjplt pjl bjmc`tlk

otl# pjl hetl rpt|nncl pjl} lzvltmlkbl ek gllcmknr eg mrecopmek ok` ceklcmklrr+ Btlopmwmp}#

bekwltrlc}# bok dtmkn bjmc`tlk mkpe bekgcmbp ok` ho} bo|rl rebmoc et lhepmekoc vtedclhr ~mpj

pjlmt lkwmtekhlkpr lrvlbmocc} ~jlk pjl benkmpmwl bjotobpltmrpmbr eg bjmc`tlk otl bekgcmbpmkn

~mpj pjl woc|l r}rplh eg pjlmt lkwmtekhlkpr *Heek ' Jocc# ?==:-+

Vltteklr rp|`} *466>- hlkpmekl` pjop epjlt nmgpl` ok` poclkpl` mk`mwm`|ocr

lzvltmlkbl mrecopmek# detlèh ok` `mrropmrgobpmek+ Pjl} ho} gllc ocekl# hmr|k`ltrpee`#

`mrropmrgml` ok` ho} jec` doba pjlhrlcwlr mk bekwltropmek mk et`lt pe ovvlot or kethoc ok`

gmp mk+ Pjl} ocre jowl o plk`lkb} pe lzjmdmp |k`ltvltgethokbl mk rbjeec `|l pe `mggmb|cpmlr mk

rebmoc ok` lhepmekoc oì|rphlkp *Heek ' Jocc# ?==:-


18/80


?:

Bjmc`tlk ~je otl nmgpl` ok` poclkpl` otl vtekl pe `lwlcev rebmoc ok` lhepmekoc

vtedclhr ok` jowl bekpmk|l` pjte|nje|p pjl `lbo`lr+ ^jlk pjl} tlobj pjlmt oèclrblkbl# pjl

nmgpl` ok` poclkpl` egplk gllc `mggltlkp gteh vlltr ~je ogglbp pjlmt rebmoc tlcopmekrjmv ~mpj

pjlh# pj|r# hoamkn pjlh gllc e`` ok` |kjovv} *Domk# 4667-+

Pjl nmgpl` ok` poclkpl` jowl `mggmb|cpmlr mk rebmoc bekplzpr ok` otl gobl` ~mpj wotme|r

òmc} rptlrretr r|bj or vtlrr|tl pe dl vltglbp# mhvopmlkbl ~mpj vtedclhr ok` gllcmkn `mggltlkp

ok` hmr|k`ltrpee` *Vtl|rr# 4660-+ Or o tlr|cp# pjl nmgpl` ok` poclkpl` jowl mkbtlorl`

vltglbpmekmrh ok` pjl kll` get objmlwlhlkp mk et`lt pe nlp tm` eg pjl gllcmkn eg dlmkn

mk`mggltlkp ok` mrecopl` *Vlttekl# 466>-+

G+ Rlcg(Bekblvp Gethopmek eg Nmgpl` ok` Poclkpl` Bjmc`tlk

M`lkpmp} jor ok mhvetpokp tecl mk pjl gethopmek eg pjl rlcg(bekblvp eg ok mk`mwm`|oc+

Pjmr jor rehlpjmkn pe è ~mpj jmr opptmd|plr# teclr# neocr# mkpltlrpr# woc|lr ok` dlcmlgr+

*Bohvdlcc ' Nlkpt}# 4664-+ Mkpltobpmekr ok` tlcopmekrjmvr mk bjmc`jee` ocre vco} o wmpoc tecl

mk pjl gethopmek eg pjl rlcg(bekblvp+ Pjte|nj mkpltobpmekr ~mpj pjl lkwmtekhlkp ok`

rmnkmgmbokp epjltr ~mpjmk pjl lkwmtekhlkp# bjmc`tlk `lwlcev ok |k`ltrpok`mkn pjop pjl} otl

`mggltlkp or pe behvotl ~mpj pjl vlevcl r|tte|k`mkn pjlh *Erdetkl# ?==7-+

Pjl herp mhvetpokp rlppmkn get o bjmc` mr pjl gohmc} dlbo|rl mp mr ~jltl jl rvlk`r

herp eg jmr pmhl ok` jor pjl herp mkgc|lkbl pe jmh+ Lkwmtekhlkp vco}r o rmnkmgmbokp votp or

~jop o bjmc` lzvltmlkblr mk pjl `mggltlkp rlppmknr ~jltl jl rvlk`r pmhl mk ocre `lplthmklr pjl

`lwlcevhlkp eg jmr rlcg(bekblvp *Dtekglkdtlkklt# 4660-+ Rp|`mlr eg Heek ok` Jocc *?==:-


19/80


?=

g|tpjlt tlmkgetbl pjop pjl gethopmek eg rlcg(bekblvp jor o `mtlbp tlcopmek pe pjl rebmoc ok`

lhepmekoc o`i|rphlkp eg o bjmc`+

Votlkpr# plobjltr ok` vr}bjecenmboc vteglrrmekocr otl o votp eg pjl mkpltobpmek ~mpj pjl

lkwmtekhlkp eg nmgpl` ok` poclkpl` bjmc`tlk ~jmbj vermpmwlc} ogglbp pjlmt `lwlcevhlkp

*Alppclt# 466>-+ Tlrlotbj rje~r pjop gohmcmlr eg nmgpl` bjmc`tlk jowl r|vvetpmwl tlcopmekrjmvr#

bclot teclr ok` lhve~ltmkn b|cp|tl ek bjmc`tlk+ Hetlewlt# pjl} ocre lzjmdmp jmnj clwlcr eg

q|ocmp} pmhl ok` gclzmdmcmp} pjop vetpto} rlcg(obp|ocmymkn gohmcmlr *Heek ' Jocc# ?==:-+

Votlkpr# herp lrvlbmocc}# vco} ok mhvetpokp tecl mk pjl `lwlcevhlkp eg bjmc`tlkr rebmoc

behvlplkbl dlbo|rl jowl o `mtlbp mhvobp mk rjovmkn ok` r|vvetpmkn pjl rebmoc dljowmet eg

bjmc`tlk *@ehmptewmbj# ?==:-+ Plobjltr ek pjl epjlt jok` ocre vtewm`l lhepmekoc r|vvetp get

nmgpl` et poclkpl` bjmc` ~jlk mp behlr pe gmk`mkn ok` dlpplt |k`ltrpok`mkn jmhrlcg+ O plobjlt

~jerl plobjmkn hlpje` rpmh|coplr ok` bjocclknlr bok lkbe|tonl bjmc`tlk pe `mrvco}

o`wokbl` odmcmpmlr ok` op pjl rohl pmhl k|tp|tl pjlh ~mpj l`|bopmekoc clotkmkn *Je`nl#

4664-+

Lzpltkoc r}rplhr cmal pjl klmnjdetjee`# vlltr ok` rbjeec bok jowl o ptlhlk`e|r

lgglbp pe~ot`r pjl bjmc` *Heek ' Jocc# ?==:-+ Bterr *466>- hlkpmekl` pjop pjl herp

r|bblrrg|c bjmc`tlk otl pjerl ~mpj jmnjlt rebmoc ramccr# rlcg(lrpllh ok` rbjeec objmlwlhlkp

ok` ok o|pjetmpopmwl jehl# ~jerl votlkpr rlp lzvlbpopmekr ~jmcl k|tp|tmkn mk`mwm`|ocmp} ok`

`lwlcevmkn pt|rp ok` j|hok tlrvlbp+ O``mpmekocc}# nmgpl` ok` poclkpl` rp|`lkpr ~je gllc

o`lq|oplc} r|vvetpl` d} pjlmt lkwmtekhlkp ~e|c` clrr cmalc} ~okp pe ~eta ocekl behvotl` pe

pjerl ~je otl |kr|vvetpl` *Gtlkbj# 466:-+ Nmgpl` ok` poclkpl` bjmc`tlk ~je otl hetl

lkwmtekhlkpocc} lknonl` ho} dlklgmp hetl gteh pjlmt lkwmtekhlkp+


20/80


46

N+ Mrr|lr ek Mkplcclbp|oc Nmgpl`klrr ok` Otpmrpmb Poclkp

@|l pe pjlmt |k|r|oc odmcmp}# nmgpl` ok` poclkpl` bjmc`tlk ho} lzvltmlkbl rebmoc rpmnho

gteh vlevcl ote|k` pjlh# lrvlbmocc} pjerl ~je `e kep g|cc |k`ltrpok` pjlmt lzblvpmekocmp}+

Bjmc`tlk ~je otl m`lkpmgml` or nmgpl` d} pjlmt vlltr lzvltmlkbl rpmnho eg nmgpl`klrr ok`

cmhmpl` obblvpokbl *Bterr# 466


21/80


4?

Pjltl mr o plk`lkb} pjop plobjltr `mrcmal bjmc`tlk ~je `mrvco} ptompr eg btlopmwmp} or

pjl} vtlglt rp|`lkpr ~je otl bekgethmrpr ok` |kq|lrpmekmkn dlbo|rl pjlrl bjotobpltmrpmbr otl

lormlt pe hokonl mk nte|v rlppmknr *Heek ' Jocc# ?==:-+

Pjl} ocre lkbe|kplt vtedclhr pe~ot`r pjlmt vllt nte|vr or pjl} glot pe dl mrecopl`

gteh pjlh+ Mk et`lt get pjlh kep pe dl obblvpl` d} vlltr ok` kep dlbehl rebmoc hmrgmpr#

nmgpl` ok` poclkpl` bjmc`tlk bekbloc ok` r|vvtlrr pjlmt pt|l bovodmcmpmlr *Ljtcmbj# ?=:


22/80


44

BJOVPLT MW

HLPJE@ECEN]

O+ Tlrlotbj @lrmnk

Pjmr rp|`} hoalr |rl eg depj `lrbtmvpmwl ok` lzvcetopet} tlrlotbj `lrmnk pjte|nj

q|okpmpopmwl ok` q|ocmpopmwl plbjkmq|lr+ _|okpmpopmwl tlrlotbj `lrmnk vtewm`lr hlor|todcl ok`

hetl nlkltocmyl` mkgethopmek ~jmcl q|ocmpopmwl tlrlotbj `lrmnk vtewm`lr o `llvlt `lrbtmvpmek

eg pjl rp|`}+ Pjl `opo pjop edpomkl` gteh q|okpmpopmwl ok` q|ocmpopmwl plbjkmq|lr otl |rl` pe

`lrbtmdl pjl vr}bjerebmoc ramccr eg otpmrpmbocc}(poclkpl` jmnj rbjeec rp|`lkpr# geb|rmkn ek pjtll

`ehomkr q|ocmp} eg tlcopmekrjmv ~mpj rmnkmgmbokp epjltr# rlcg(bekblvp ok` lhepmekoc

mkplccmnlkbl rvlbmgmbocc} pjl mkpltvltrekoc ok` mkptovltrekoc ramccr+

D+ Rohvcmkn Plbjkmq|l

O kek(vtedodmcmp} rohvcmkn rbjlhl# rvlbmgmbocc}# v|tvermwl rohvcmkn mr |rl` mk

obq|mtmkn votpmbmvokpr get pjmr rp|`} or tlrvek`lkpr otl rlclbpl` dorl` ek o vtl(`lplthmkl` rlp

eg btmpltmo dorl` ek pjl q|ocmgmbopmekr rlp d} Vjmcmvvmkl Jmnj Rbjeec get pjl Otpr get

o`hmrrmek+


23/80


42

B+ Tlrlotbj Cebocl

?+ Ewltwml~ eg pjl RbjeecVjmcmvvmkl Jmnj Rbjeec get pjl Otpr *VJRO- mr o newltkhlkp(t|k rlbekòt}

rbjeec get pjl otpmrpmbocc}(nmgpl` ok` poclkpl` bjmc`tlk ok` oèclrblkpr ok` mhvclhlkpr

o rvlbmoc rlbekòt} l`|bopmek b|ttmb|c|h ok` vtentohr behhmppl` pe pjl

bekrltwopmek ok` vtehepmek eg pjl Vjmcmvvmkl otpr ok` b|cp|tl+

Orm`l gteh pjl obo`lhmb ok` otpmrpmb ptomkmkn# pjl} otl ocre po|njp

mk`lvlk`lkbl ~mpj pjl lzvltmlkbl eg cmwmkn o~o} gteh jehl ok` mkplntopmkn ~mpj

hlkpetr ok` vlltr mk pjmr tlrm`lkpmoc jmnj rbjeec+

Pjl rmpl eg pjl rbjeec mr rptoplnmbocc} vcobl` ok` mr o wmpoc gobpet mk hoamkn

VJRO mk pjl h}rpmboc he|kpomk eg Hotmo Hoamcmkn ~jmbj mr bekrm`ltl` o ve~ltg|c

re|tbl eg mkrvmtopmek get otpmrpmb lknonlhlkpr eg rp|`lkpr ok` hlkpetr ocmal+

4+ B|ttmb|c|h

Pjl Dormb L`|bopmek r|dilbpr or tlq|mtl` d} pjl @lvotphlkp eg L`|bopmek otl

poalk |v d} rp|`lkpr mk VJRO+ Je~lwlt# pjl r|dilbpr otl |kmq|lc} jok`cl` behvotl`

pe tln|cot rbjeecr mk et`lt pe r|vvetp pjl rvlbmocmyl` rp|`mlr get pjl gecce~mkn otp

gmlc`r9 wmr|oc otpr# h|rmb# òkbl# btlopmwl ~tmpmkn ok` pjloplt otpr+

Lclbpmwl be|trlr otl ocre eggltl` pe rp|`lkpr ek o rlhlrptoc dormr pe

behvclhlkp pjlmt gmlc` eg lzvltpmrl+ Pjlrl otl Behv|plt Ntovjmbr# Vjepentovj}#

Lpjkmb Lkrlhdcl# Tekòcco# H|rmb get Kek(H|rmb Hoiet# H|rmb get @okbltr# Dormb

Ie|tkocmrh# Doccteeh @okbl# Dormb Obpmkn get Kek(Pjloplt Otpr Hoiet# Vjmcmvvmkl

Geca @okbl get Docclp Hoiet# Docclp get Vjmcmvvmkl Geca @okbl Hoiet# Tlrlotbj mk

Otpr ok` Behh|kmp} Rltwmbl+


24/80


40

2+ Gobmcmpmlr

Dojo} a|de(mkrvmtl` bepponlr rltwl or bcorrteeh# rbmlkbl codetopetmlr#

mkrpt|bpmekoc hl`mo blkplt# behv|plt teeh ok` vtobpmbl teehr get H|rmb ok` Pjloplt

Otpr rp|`lkpr+ Cmal~mrl# pjl o`hmkmrptopmek eggmbl# gob|cp} teeh# hllpmkn teeh#

hl`mboc bcmkmb# ok` n|m`okbl ok` be|krlcmkn eggmbl otl `lrmnkl` pjl rohl ~o}+

Epjlt mkrpt|bpmekoc gobmcmpmlr mkbc|`l pjl Poknojocokn Hotmo Hoamcmkn ~jmbj mr

mkrpoccl` ~mpj pjl coplrp mk cmnjp ok` re|k` r}rplh ocekn ~mpj epjlt g|kbpmekoc teehr

~mpjmk pjl rbjeec+

0+ Rp|`lkp Obpmwmpmlr

Orm`l gteh pjlmt obo`lhmb obpmwmpmlr# VJRO rp|`lkpr ocre votpmbmvopl mk

lzptoh|toc lwlkpr r|bj tlbmpocr# lzjmdmpr# behvlpmpmekr ok` e|ptlobj vteilbpr mk t|toc

ok` |tdok behh|kmpmlr ~jltlmk pjl} rjotl pjlmt lzvltmlkblr+

Pjl} ocre otl nmwlk pjl evvetp|kmp} pe dl mkwecwl` mk lzver|tl ptmvr cebocc}

ok` odteo` ~jltlmk pjl} otl mkwmpl` pe jec` mkpltobpmekr ~mpj ~lcc(ake~k otpmrpr#

clo`ltr# newltkhlkp eggmbmocr ok` VJRO oc|hkm get horplt bcorrlr+

Epjlt be(b|ttmb|cot obpmwmpmlr mkbc|`l bohv|r ie|tkocmrh# mkwecwlhlkp mk

tlcmnme|r rltwmblr# vllt beobjmkn# Rp|`lkp Be|kbmc hokonlhlkp ok` jerp eg epjlt cmgl(

lktmbjmkn lzvltmlkblr+


25/80


44 poclkpl` rp|`lkpr# ~mpj 40 rp|`lkpr vlt èhomk eg otpmrpmb poclkp kohlc} wmr|oc otpr#

h|rmb ok` òkbl+

L+ @opo Nopjltmkn Vtebl`|tlr

Pe dl odcl pe obq|mtl òpo ok` mkgethopmek get pjl v|tverl eg pjl rp|`}# lzplkrmwl

tlrlotbj mr ok` rlbek` jok` òpo gteh deear# ie|tkocr ok` mkpltklp otpmbclr otl becclbpl` ok`

okoc}yl` get pjl bekrpt|bpmek eg pjl tlwml~ eg tlcopl` cmpltop|tl# pjl pjletlpmboc gtohl~eta

ok` pjl òpo mkrpt|hlkpopmek+

Mk gmk`mkn tlrvek`lkpr get pjmr rp|`}# Vjmcmvvmkl Jmnj Rbjeec get pjl Otpr ~or

bekpobpl` pe tlq|lrp orrmrpokbl ok` beevltopmek ek pjmr |k`ltpoamkn or pjlmt rp|`lkpr otl

q|ocmgml` mk pjl mkbc|rmek btmpltmo eg pjl rp|`}+ Pjl rbjeec ~or oral` mg pjl} be|c` vtewm`l

r|dilbpr get pjmr rp|`}+ Votpmbmvokpr ~ltl nmwlk r|twl} gethr bekrmrpmkn eg rebme(`lhentovjmb

vtegmcl# evlk(lk`l` q|lrpmekr ok` dljowmetoc bjlbacmrp+ Pjl r|twl} q|lrpmekkomtl ~or

`lrmnkl` dorl` ek pjl tlrlotbj edilbpmwlr eg pjmr rp|`}+ Rmkbl pjl q|lrpmekkomtl geb|r ek pjl

vr}bjerebmoc ramccr eg pjl otpmrpmbocc}(poclkpl` rp|`lkpr gteh VJRO# pjl r|twl} ~or `mwm`l`

mkpe pjtll èhomkr bekrmrpmkn eg q|lrpmekr tlnot`mkn pjl q|ocmp} eg rebmoc tlcopmekr# rlcg(

bekblvp ok` lhepmekoc mkplccmnlkbl+


26/80


47

\rmkn pjl Btekdobjr Ocvjo# pjl r|twl} q|lrpmekkomtl mr wocmòpl` pe plrp pjl

tlcmodmcmp} eg pjl rbocl+ Pjl r|twl} q|lrpmekkomtl mr rlcg(o`hmkmrpltl` ok` ~or `mrptmd|pl` pe

rp|`lkpr eg Vjmcmvvmkl Jmnj Rbjeec get pjl Otpr ~je gocc |k`lt pjl èhomkr wmr|oc otpr# h|rmb

ok` òkbl+ Pjl rp|`lkpr ~ltl oral` pe okr~lt pjl q|lrpmekkomtl dorl` ek pjlmt ontllhlkp et

`mrontllhlkp ek lobj rpoplhlkp+

Pe r|vvetp pjl q|okpmpopmwl òpo ok` pe edpomk gmtrp(jok` mkgethopmek ek pjl

lzvltmlkblr eg pjl otpmrpmbocc}(poclkpl` mk`mwm`|ocr# o borl rp|`} ek pjl pjtll otp gmlc`r

mkbc|`l` mk pjmr rp|`} ~or bek`|bpl`+ Pjl tlrvek`lkpr get pjl mkpltwml~ ~ltl ocre mkgethl`

obbet`mknc} ok` ~ltl nmwlk ok ohvcl ohe|kp eg pmhl pe tlwml~ pjl rlp eg q|lrpmekr dlgetl

pjl mkpltwml~ vtevlt+

L+ @opo Mkrpt|hlkpopmek

Pjmr rp|`} ho`l |rl eg pjl tlrlotbjltr rlcg(ho`l dljowmetoc bjlbacmrp bekpomkmkn

q|lrpmekr hlor|tmkn pjl vr}bjerebmoc ramccr eg otpmrpmbocc}(poclkpl` mk`mwm`|ocr |rmkn pjl

Cmaltp rbocl+ Gteh pjl tlwml~ eg cmpltop|tlr# ok mplh veec ~or bekrpt|bpl`+ Pe nlp pjl mkpltkoc

bekrmrplkb} eg pjl rpoplhlkpr# pjl rbocl |k`lt~lkp mplh okoc}rmr# lzvltp i|`nmkn# tlwmrmekr

ok` l`mpmkn tl`|bmkn pjl veec eg rlwlkp}(gmwl *>


27/80


4>

Pjl mplhr ek pjl dljowmetoc bjlbacmrp *rll Ovvlk`mz- otl rbetl` 0 get rpteknc} ontll

*RO-# 2 get ontll *O-# 4 get `mrontll *@- ok` ? get rpteknc} `mrontll *R@-+ Kmkl eg pjl pjmtp}

rpoplhlkpr gteh pjl bjlbacmrp otl klnopmwl rpoplhlkpr ok` pj|r ~ltl rbetl` mkwltrlc}+ Podclr

0+?# 0+4 ok` 0+2 rje~ pjl terplt eg klnopmwl rpoplhlkpr |rl` mk pjl bjlbacmrp+

_|ocmp} eg Rebmoc Tlcopmekr

M è kep gmk` mp lor} pe nlp ocekn ~mpj h} vlltr+M è kep gmk` mp lor} pe nlp ocekn ~mpj h} gohmc} hlhdltr+

H} tln|cot vlltr hoal hl gllc pjop M oh `mggltlkp dlbo|rl eg h} poclkp+H} plobjltr lzvlbp hl pe ake~ o cep ok` rlp tlocmrpmb jmnj lzvlbpopmekr+

Rehlpmhlr# M jowl lkbe|kpltl` hmr|k`ltrpok`mknr ~mpj h} tln|cot vlltr dlbo|rl egpjl vlb|cmot ~o} M pjmka+

Podcl 0+? Klnopmwl Rpoplhlkpr ek pjl _|ocmp} eg Rebmoc Tlcopmekr

Rlcg(Bekblvp

M è kep ~okp pe dl codlcl` or nmgpl`%poclkpl`+

M tlbenkmyl h} otpmrpmb poclkp+Podcl 0+4 Klnopmwl Rpoplhlkpr ek Rlcg(Bekblvp

Lhepmekoc Mkplccmnlkbl

M oh jowmkn `mggmb|cp} `locmkn ~mpj h} tln|cot onlhoplr+

M tlgtomk h}rlcg gteh rvlk`mkn pmhl ~mpj tln|cot onlhoplr dlbo|rl M hmnjp dl o re|tbl

eg pjlmt tm`mb|cl+Podcl 0+2 Klnopmwl Rpoplhlkpr ek Lhepmekoc Mkplccmnlkbl

Pjl tlcmodmcmp} eg pjl dljowmetoc bjlbacmrp ~or plrpl` |rmkn pjl Vlotrek vte`|bp

hehlkp(bettlcopmek belggmbmlkp |rmkn o rohvcl eg p~lkp} *46- tokèhc} rlclbpl` rp|`lkpr

gteh pjl Vjmcmvvmkl Jmnj Rbjeec get pjl Otpr ok` ~ltl kep bekrm`ltl` `|tmkn pjl

mhvclhlkpopmek eg pjl mkrpt|hlkp+ Vtmet pe pjl mplh okoc}rmr# pjl dljowmetoc bjlbacmrp ~or

ocre rbt|pmkmyl` d} vr}bjecen} lzvltpr+ Gmkocc}# ogplt pjl plrp ~or o`hmkmrpltl` pe pjl potnlp

vev|copmek# tlcmodmcmp} okoc}rmr ~or èkl |rmkn pjl Rpopmrpmboc Vobaonl get Rebmoc Rbmlkblr

~mpj ok ocvjo eg 6+7


28/80


4:

O al} mkgethokp mkpltwml~ ~or èkl get pjl q|ocmpopmwl votp ~jltlmk ok mkpltwml~

n|m`l ~or ho`l pe mkq|mtl ode|p pjl rp|`lkpr rebme(`lhentovjmb òpo# dormb mkgethopmek ok`

dljowmetr pjop hokmglrp lzblvpmekoc ramcc ~ltl vtedl`+ Pjl rlclbpl` nmgpl` ok` poclkpl` or

lkètrl` d} pjl obo`lhmb beet`mkopet eg Vjmcmvvmkl Jmnj Rbjeec get pjl Otpr ~ltl mkwmpl` get

ok mkpltwml~ pe wocmòpl ok` g|tpjlt r|drpokpmopl pjl q|okpmpopmwl òpo+ Pjl òpo edpomkl` gteh

pjl mkpltwml~ ~or |rl` get pjl borl rp|`}+ Mk okoc}ymkn pjl q|ocmpopmwl òpo# bekblvp|oc ok`

hoptmz okoc}rlr ~ltl èkl pe okoc}yl behhek tlrvekrlr ok` gmk` rocmlkp pjlhlr+

G+ Lpjmboc Bekrm`ltopmekr

Vtmet pe pjl mhvclhlkpopmek eg pjl q|okpmpopmwl ok` q|ocmpopmwl mkrpt|hlkpr# pjl

`mtlbpet ok` gob|cp} eg pjl Vjmcmvvmkl Jmnj Rbjeec get pjl Otpr ~ltl mkgethl` eg pjl

|k`ltpoamknr eg pjl rp|`}+ Pjl} ~ltl vtevltc} mkgethl` or pe je~ pjl tlrlotbjlt ~mcc ne

ode|p ~mpj pjl rp|`}+ Ocre# pe vteplbp pjl vtmwob} ok` ~lcc(dlmkn eg pjl potnlp votpmbmvokpr eg

pjmr rp|`}# mkgethl` bekrlkp ~or re|njp pe pjl r|dilbpr+ Pjl} ~ltl orr|tl` pjop pjlmt vltrekoc

vtegmcl# tlrvekrlr ok` dljowmetr ~mcc dl alvp bekgm`lkpmoc ok` ~mcc dl |rl` reclc} get tlrlotbj

v|tverlr+ Pjl tlrvek`lkpr ~ltl mkgethl` pjop pjl} evpmek pe tlg|rl pe okr~lt ok} q|lrpmek

pjop pjl} ho} gmk` pee rlkrmpmwl et pjtloplkmkn+ Pjl} ocre jo` pjl evpmek pe ~mpj`to~ gteh

pjl rp|`} ok}pmhl or pjmr tlq|mtlr wec|kpot} votpmbmvopmek eg r|dilbpr occ pjte|nje|p pjl rp|`}+

Dlgetl pjl mhvclhlkpopmek eg pjl mkrpt|hlkpr# depj pjl gob|cp} ok` pjl tlrvek`lkpr ~ltl

mkgethl` ode|p mhvcmbopmekr ok` dlklgmpr eg pjl rp|`}+ Pjl òpo edpomkl` ~ltl ptlopl` ~mpj

e|pherp bekgm`lkpmocmp} ok` mkpltvtlpl` becclbpmwlc}+ Vjmcmvvmkl Jmnj Rbjeec get pjl Otpr ~or


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4=

mkgethl` obbet`mknc} |vek behvclpmek eg pjl rp|`}+ Get pjl q|ocmpopmwl votp eg pjl rp|`}#

kepl(poamkn plbjkmq|l ~or èkl pe obq|mtl pe vteplbp pjl mkpltlrp eg pjl votpmbmvokpr+

N+ Rpopmrpmboc Ptlophlkp

\vek behvclpmek eg pjl q|okpmpopmwl òpo nopjltl`# pjl tlrvekrlr ~ltl lkbe`l` |rmkn

Hmbteregp Lzblc vtentoh+ Pjl Rpopmrpmboc Vobaonl get Rebmoc Rbmlkblr *RVRR- Wltrmek ?0+6

~or |rl` pe okoc}yl pjl q|okpmpopmwl òpo+ Hlok behvotmrekr ~ltl lhvce}l` pe `lplthmkl mg

pjltl otl ok} rmnkmgmbokp `mggltlkblr mk pjl vr}bjerebmoc ramccr eg otpmrpmbocc}(poclkpl` jmnj

rbjeec rp|`lkpr ~je otl wmr|oc otpr# h|rmb ok` òkbl hoietr+ Vlotrek vte`|bp hehlkp

bettlcopmek ~or |rl` get et`mkoc ok` bekpmk|e|r wotmodclr+ Dmwotmopl bettlcopmek ~or |rl` pe

mkwlrpmnopl pjl tlcopmekrjmv eg pjl r|drboclr eg vr}bjerebmoc ramccr kohlc}# _|ocmp} eg Rebmoc

Tlcopmekr# Rlcg(Bekblvp ok` Lhepmekoc Mkplccmnlkbl+ @lrbtmvpmwl rpopmrpmbr r|bj or hlok#

rpokòt` `lwmopmek# gtlq|lkb} be|kpr ok` vltblkponlr ~or |rl` mk `lplthmkmkn pjl pocc} eg

okr~ltr ek pjl rebme(`lhentovjmb vtegmcl ok` vltrekoc mkgethopmek eg pjl tlrvek`lkpr+


30/80


31/80


2?

Pjl rpop|r eg pjl gohmc} ~or ocre mkbc|`l` mk pjl rebme(`lhentovjmb vtegmcl eg pjl

tlrvek`lkpr+ Hoietmp} *>4+4, et k8+:, *k846- otl rlbek`

detk et hm``cl bjmc`# ?:+?, *k8?2- otl gmtrp detk# ?4+


32/80


24

Podcl 4-

Wotmodclr Gtlq|lkb} Vltblkp

Rebme(Lbekehmb Rpop|r*dorl` ek gohmc}r hekpjc} mkbehl-

dlce~ V?6#666

V?6#66?(V+:

06+2

?4+

Rjl tlwlocr pjop rjl lkbe|kpltr `mggmb|cpmlr `locmkn ~mpj jlt plobjltr+ Orm`l gteh

dlmkn behvotl` pe epjlt h|rmb hoietr ~jerl poclkp mr mkpe rmknmkn# rjl ocre mr mk o `mclhho

dlp~llk jlt p~e plobjltr ~je nmwl bekgcmbpmkn vemkpltr ok` behhlkpr ek plbjkmbocmpmlr+ Pe

q|epl jlt# Mg op bltpomk mkrpokblr# pjl H|rmboc Beet`mkopet ~e|c` nmwl vemkpltr `mggltlkp

gteh pjl Horplt Wembl Plobjlt jo` po|njp hl# M ~mcc i|rp allv rmclkp+ M gmk` pjmr o `mggmb|cp

rmp|opmek+

Rjl tlnot`r jltrlcg or hee`}# rj}# ok` nlklte|r mk nmwmkn depj mk hopltmoc pjmknr

ok` kek(hopltmoc pjmknr+ Rjl rom` pjop pjltl otl pmhlr rjl gmk`r `mggmb|cp} |k`ltrpok`mkn

jltrlcg+ Epjltr tlnot` jlt or o rlkrmpmwl vltrek# ~jmbj bemkbm`lr ek je~ rjl gllcr pe~ot` jlt

rmnkmgmbokp epjltr `|tmkn rmp|opmekr ~jltlmk jlt rmknmkn vte~lrr mr bekbltkl`+

Rjl ~or < }lotr ec` pjlk ~jlk rjl clotkl` ode|p jlt poclkp ok` ~or vclorl` pe ake~

pjop rjl bok rmkn ~lcc+ Jlt votlkpr otl wlt} r|vvetpmwl mk jekmkn jlt poclkp ok` lkteccl` jlt

mk wembl clrrekr op onl 7 pe nmwl jlt gethoc rbjeecmkn+ Mk pjl rohl ~o}# jlt horplt plobjlt mk

h|rmb mr r|vvetpmwl ok` lkbe|tonlr jlt mk hok} ~o}r+ Ocpje|nj rjl mr ekl eg pjl herp

tlhotaodcl h|rmb hoietr# rjl pjmkar rjl jor o cep pe mhvtewl ek+ Rjl gllcr vtlrr|tl` pe lzblc

ok` è ~lcc mk rbjeec ok` pjmkar mp mr kep jlocpj} get jlt pe dl vtlrr|tl` dlbo|rl rjl mr |kodcl

pe nmwl jlt dlrp+ Vtomrl ok` lkbe|tonlhlkp otl kll`l` mk et`lt get jlt pe vltgeth ~lcc+

Dlmkn ~lcc(te|k`l` get jlt mr pjl odmcmp} pe è i|rp ok}pjmkn+ ^jlk oral` mg rjl

bekrm`ltr jltrlcg or ~lcc(te|k`l`# rjl okr~ltr M èkp pjmka M oh o ~lcc te|k`l` vltrek }lp#

M oh wlt} rj}# M kll` hetl bekgm`lkbl+ M bok è o cep hetl d|p M kll` pe ewltbehl h}

rj}klrr+ M gmk` mp jot`+ Pe rptmal gtmlk`rjmv ~mpj epjltr d|p M ocre cmal pe dl ~lcc(te|k`l`

vltrek+ Or egke~# M è kep ake~ }lp je~ pe dl ekl+


68/80


7:

Borl "49 Pjl Vtmho Doccltmko

B|ttlkpc} mk jlt 2t`

}lot mk pjl Vjmcmvvmkl Jmnj Rbjeec get pjl Otpr *VJRO-# pjmr ?0(

}lot(ec` vtmho doccltmko mr ge|tpj detk ohekn pjl gmwl bjmc`tlk+ Rjl mr cmwmkn ~mpj depj jlt

votlkpr mk _|lyek Bmp}+ Rjl `lrbtmdlr jltrlcg or rj}# d|p lormc} hoal gtmlk`r# oèvpr ~lcc

ok` hetl behgetpodcl ~mpj vlevcl eg pjl rohl onl clwlc# ok` jor hee` r~mknr+ Rmnkmgmbokp

epjltr `lrbtmdl jlt or o nee` ok` ~lcc(dljowl` co`}+

Rjl rpotpl` èmkn docclp ~jlk rjl ~or rpmcc jowmkn jlt vtmhot} l`|bopmek op Rp+

Pjltlror Becclnl+ Jlt votlkpr otl wlt} r|vvetpmwl eg jlt poclkp# nemkn e|p eg pjlmt ~o} pe

ceea get vtentohr ok` lwlkpr ~jltl rjl bok vltgeth+ Pjl} ocre ceea get docclp vltgethokblr

get jlt pe ~opbj re rjl bok nlp kl~ rp}clr ok` mhvtewl jlt btogp+ Ekl tlorek get jlt

mkwecwlhlkp mk pjl otp gmlc` mr jlt votlkpr dlbo|rl depj eg pjlh otl h|rmbocc}(mkbcmkl`+ Jlt

vlltr ok` plobjltr otl cmal~mrl r|vvetpmwl mk jlt btogp+ Pjl} ~opbj pjlmt vltgethokblr ok`

nmwl jlt ~et`r eg ovvtlbmopmek get o ~lcc èkl òkbl+ Or get jlt tln|cot gtmlk`r# rjl ptmlr pe

obp or kethoc ok` bekbloc jlt poclkp get òkbmkn docclp+ Jlt poclkp mr kep re h|bj eg o dmn

`loc get pjlh+ Rjl lkpltpomkr q|lrpmekr ~jlk pjl} gmk` mkpltlrp mk jlt docclp+

Rjl gmk`r mp |klor} `locmkn ~mpj jlt rmrplt or jlt rmrplt jor o bltpomk iloce|r} pe~ot`r

jlt dlbo|rl eg o hmket obbm`lkp ok` ~or kep odcl pe bekpmk|l docclp ok}hetl+ Pjmr vtmho

doccltmko hlkpmekr pjop rjl èlr kep ~okp jlt poclkp pe bo|rl ok} bekgcmbp pe~ot`r jlt

rmnkmgmbokp epjltr+ Rjl lzvtlrrl`# M glcp wlt} |kbehgetpodcl dlbo|rl eg pjmr QdocclpX+ M è kep

gmk` ok} bekgcmbp ~mpj vlltr ok` bcorrhoplr dlbo|rl M oh bcerl pe pjlh+ M èkp gllc nee`

~jlk plobjltr behvotl hl ~mpj epjlt docclp bcorrhoplr+

Rjl gmk`r pjl rlppmkn eg Hoamcmkn jlcvg|c pe jowl geb|r ok` bekblkptopmek mk

`lwlcevmkn jlt docclp or behvotl` pe pjl ~etc` e|prm`l Hoamcmkn dlbo|rl mp jor hetl


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7=

`mrptobpmekr+ Pjl gobmcmpmlr otl ocre dlpplt mk Hoamcmkn behvotl` pe ~jop mr e|prm`l eg jlt

rbjeec+

Rjl ~or ewlt~jlchl` ~jlk rjl clotkl` ode|p jlt poclkp ~jlk rjl ~or mk jlt vtmhot}

l`|bopmek+ ^jlk oral` mg rjl gllcr ok} vtlrr|tl pe è ~lcc mk jlt btogp# rjl hlkpmekr pjop rjl

mr vtlrr|tl` ~jlk mp behlr pe plbjkmbocmpmlr ok` rpokòt`r `|tmkn vltgethokblr ok` pe hllp

pjl lzvlbpopmekr eg jlt otp plobjltr+ Rjl mr ocre vtlrr|tl` ~jlk rjl mr behvotl` ~mpj epjlt

docclp hoietr+ Lwlk rpmcc# pjl behvotmrek ocre jlcvr jlt pe dtmkn e|p jlt dlrp ok` lzblc+

Orm`l gteh òkbmkn# pjmr vtmho doccltmko bok ocre rmkn vev h|rmb+ Get jlt# pe dl nmgpl`

ok` poclkpl` hlokr ekl mr bovodcl eg clotk ok` |k`ltrpok` pjmknr q|mbac}+ Pe dl ~lcc te|k`l`

get jlt mr pjl odmcmp} pe rjmgp vltrekocmpmlr mk jlt btogp ok` dl gclzmdcl+ Rjl dlcmlwlr pjop rjl mr

odcl pe è pjmr d|p rjl rpmcc jor o cekn ~o} pe ne pe mhvtewl jlt docclp+

Borl "29 Pjl G|p|tl Okmhopet

Ok ekc} bjmc` eg depj newltkhlkp lhvce}llr# pjmr ?


70/80


>6

Jlt vlltr ptlop jlt or o kethoc pllkonlt lwlk mg rjl jor pjmr nmgp+ Rjl lkie}r pjl

behvok} eg jlt bcorrhoplr dlbo|rl pjl} bok lormc} |k`ltrpok` lobj epjlt get pjl} otl occ

otpmrpr mk VJRO+ Ocpje|nj rehlpmhlr# pjltl mr ok |krvealk behvlpmpmek ohekn pjlh dlbo|rl

eg behvotmrek eg poclkpr+ ^jlk mp behlr pe jlt tln|cot vlltr# rjl ptmlr pe `mrpokbl jltrlcg

gteh pjlh vtedodc} dlbo|rl pjl} è kep |k`ltrpok` jlt poclkp ok` ~jop mp lkpomcr+ Jlt

plobjltr jlcv jlt mhvtewl pjl q|ocmp} eg jlt e|pv|pr+ Rjl ocre jor o nee` tlcopmekrjmv ~mpj

jlt plobjltr ok` èlr kep jowl ok} vtedclhr `locmkn ~mpj pjlh+

Rjl gmk`r pjl rlppmkn mk Hoamcmkn wlt} bek`|bmwl get èmkn jlt btogp+ Mp jlcvr jlt pe

jowl hetl geb|r mk jlt btogp ok` mp vtewm`lr jlt vclkp} eg mkrvmtopmek+

Rjl ~or gmwl }lotr ec` ~jlk jlt poclkp ~or `mrbewltl`+ Rjl ~or `to~mkn ek pjl ~occr

eg pjlmt je|rl ok` pjop rpotpl` jlt cmamkn get `to~mkn+ Rjl |r|occ} `to~r okmh ok` ralpbjlr

pjlh d} pjl ~o} rjl tlhlhdltr rllmkn pjlh ek plclwmrmek+ Pe g|tpjlt lkjokbl jlt poclkp# rjl

peea gethoc clrrekr mk otp dlgetl rjl lkpltl` VJRO+ ^jlk rjl ~or mk jlt vtmhot} l`|bopmek#

rjl ~or pjl botpeekmrp eg pjlmt rbjeec vovlt ok` ~or odcl pe iemk mkpltrbjeec bekplrpr+

Pe dl poclkpl` get jlt mr pjl odmcmp} pe lzvtlrr ~lcc ek eklr btogp+ Jlt poclkp mr

geb|rl` ek vepplt} ok` p~e(`mhlkrmekoc otp+ Orm`l gteh pjlrl# rjl ocre èlr vjepentovj}

ok` rmknmkn+ Rjl mr ocre bovodcl eg èmkn okmhopmekr ~jmbj hoalr jlt ~okp pe dl ok okmhopet

get @mrkl} Vmzot rehlò}+ Je~lwlt# mk rvmpl eg pjl k|hdlt eg pjmknr rjl mr odcl pe è# rjl

hlkpmekl`# M gllc pjop pjltl mr o hmrrmkn cmka ok` pjltl mr mko`lq|ob} mk h} poclkp+

Rjl mr vtlrr|tl` pe lzblc ok` pjmkar mp mr jlocpj} dlbo|rl rjl mr odcl pe nmwl jlt g|cclrp

lggetpr or pjl vtlrr|tl rltwlr or o hepmwopmek get jlt pe lzblc+ Dlmkn ~lcc(te|k`l` get jlt

hlokr dlmkn odcl pe ne ~mpj pjl gce~ ok` mr odcl pe rpok` ek `lbmrmekr+ ^jlk oral` mg rjl


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>?

bekrm`ltr jltrlcg or ~lcc(te|k`l`# rjl bcomhr# M dlcmlwl M oh kep }lp ~lcc(te|k`l`+ M jowl

rpmcc pe mhvtewl h}rlcg lrvlbmocc} hoamkn re|k` i|`nhlkpr+

Borl Rp|`} R|hhot}

Pjl pjtll borl rp|`mlr ho} dl eg `mggltlkp otp gmlc`r d|p pjl} jowl behhek

lzvltmlkblr ~jlk mp behlr pe pjlmt poclkp+ Pjl poclkp pjl} verrlrr ogglbp pjl q|ocmp} eg rebmoc

tlcopmekr pjl} jowl ~mpj pjlmt rmnkmgmbokp epjltr kohlc} pjlmt gohmc}# vlltr ok` o|pjetmpmlr+

Pjl votlkpr eg pjl otpmrpmbocc}(poclkpl` rp|`lkpr otl wlt} r|vvetpmwl eg pjlmt poclkp# vtewm`mkn

pjlh ~mpj occ pjl hlokr pe lkjokbl mp+ Je~lwlt# pjl} lkbe|kplt bekgcmbpr ~mpj pjlmt rmdcmknr

dlbo|rl eg pjlmt poclkp+ Pjl votlkpr eg pjlrl otpmrpmbocc}(poclkpl` rp|`lkpr otl nmwmkn pjlh pee

h|bj opplkpmek or behvotl` pe pjlmt rmdcmknr ~je otl tln|cot rp|`lkpr pj|r bo|rmkn `mrv|plr

dlp~llk pjlh+ Or get pjlmt vlltr# pjl} vtlglt pjl behvok} eg pjerl ~je otl or ~lcc

otpmrpmbocc}(poclkpl` dlbo|rl pjl} be|c` lormc} tlcopl ~mpj lobj epjlt ok` jowl o ~m`l wotmlp}

eg `mrb|rrmek ode|p otp+ Pjl} jowl `mggmb|cpmlr tlcopmkn ~mpj pjlmt tln|cot vlltr dlbo|rl eg pjl

rpmnho pjl} lzvltmlkbl ~jmbj hoal pjlh `mrpokbl pjlhrlcwlr gteh pjlh rehlpmhlr+ Pjl}

`e kep jowl ok} vtedclhr mkplthmkncmkn ~mpj pjlmt plobjltr+ Mk gobp# pjl} rltwl or pjlmt

bekr|cpokp ok` hepmwopet+ Pjl pjtll tlrvek`lkpr lzvtlrrl` pjop pjl} gmk` pjl rlppmkn eg pjl

Vjmcmvvmkl Jmnj Rbjeec get pjl Otpr wlt} bek`|bmwl dlbo|rl pjl} jowl occ pjl gobmcmpmlr pe

lkjokbl pjlmt btogp ok` pjl rlppmkn hoalr pjlh hetl geb|rl` ok` dlpplt bekblkptopl`+

Pjlmt rmnkmgmbokp epjltr `mrbewltl` pjlmt poclkp `|tmkn pjlmt lotc} bjmc`jee`# ~mpj pjlh

rje~mkn re h|bj mkpltlrp ok` lzblvpmekoc vltgethokbl ek pjlmt btogp+ Pe dteo`lk pjlmt

ake~cl`nl ek pjlmt btogp# pjl} otl vtewm`l` ~mpj otp bcorrlr epjlt pjop ~jop mr vtewm`l` pe

pjlh mk pjlmt rbjeec+


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>4

Pjl} gllc vtlrr|tl` pe è ~lcc ok` lzblc ek pjlmt gmlc` d|p pjl} poal pjmr vermpmwlc} or

pjmr rltwl or pjlmt hepmwopmek pe è nee` ok` rlp jmnj rpokòt`r get pjlhrlcwlr+ Pe dl o ~lcc(

te|k`l` vltrek# pjl} otl o~otl pjop pjl} rpmcc jowl o cekn ~o} pe ne ok` lzvltmlkblr pe

lkbe|kplt pe objmlwl pjmr+


73/80


>2

BJOVPLT WMR\HHOT]# BEKBC\RMEKR ' TLBEHHLK@OPMEKR

R|hhot}

Pjmr rp|`} `lrbtmdlr ok` lzvcetlr pjl vr}bjerebmoc ramccr eg otpmrpmbocc}(poclkpl` jmnj

rbjeec rp|`lkpr eg Vjmcmvvmkl Jmnj Rbjeec get pjl Otpr *VJRO-+ Pjl rp|`} pobaclr pjl

`mggltlkp orvlbpr eg pjlmt vr}bjerebmoc ramccr# kohlc}# q|ocmp} eg rebmoc tlcopmekr# rlcg(bekblvp

ok` lhepmekoc mkplccmnlkbl+

Pjmr rp|`} hoalr |rl eg pjtll pjletmlr pe lzvcomk pjl orrebmopmek eg pjl wotmodclr mk

pjmr rp|`}+ Pjl pjlet} |rl` get pjmr rp|`} mr \tml Dtekglkdtlkkltr Lbecenmboc R}rplhr

Pjlet}+ Pjmr he`lc verp|coplr pjop pjl bjmc` mr mpr blkplt ok` mr ogglbpl` d} pjl lkwmtekhlkp

mk ~jmbj jl et rjl rvlk`r pmhl+ Mk pjmr rp|`}# pjl onlkpr eg rebmocmyopmek eg pjl bjmc`# kohlc}

jmr gohmc} vlltr ok` rmnkmgmbokp o|pjetmpmlr otl pjl herp mkgc|lkpmoc mk`mwm`|ocr rmkbl pjl} otl

jmr%jlt bekrpokp behvok}+

Pe dl poclkpl` ocre hlokr pe dl nmgpl` d|p `locr mp ~mpj pjl e|prpok`mkn odmcmpmlr mk

wmr|oc ok` vltgethmkn otpr+ Odewl owltonl odmcmpmlr mk otp ~mpj pjl verrlrrmek eg etmnmkocmp}

ek btlopmekr ok` pjl odmcmp} pe nlkltopl ok` mkkewopl kl~ m`lor ocre bekrpmp|pl pjl `lgmkmpmek

eg poclkp+

Op vtlrlkp# nmgpl` ok` poclkpl` bjmc`tlk gobl bltpomk vr}bjerebmoc mrr|lr e tlnot`mkn

pjlmt |k|r|oc odmcmp} r|bj or rptlrr# rebmoc rpmnho ok` r|vvtlrrmek eg pt|l m`lkpmp}+ Rlwltoc

rp|`mlr jowl dllk `ekl d|p r|ggmbmlkp lzvcokopmek ok` mkpltwlkpmek mr rpmcc kll`l`+

Pjmr rp|`} ho`l |rl eg q|ocmpopmwl ok` q|okpmpopmwl plbjkmq|lr ok` hlor|tl` pjtll

`ehomkr9 q|ocmp} eg rebmoc tlcopmekr# rlcg(bekblvp ok` lhepmekoc mkplccmnlkbl+ V|tvermwl


74/80


>0

rohvcmkn ~or èkl mk obq|mtmkn votpmbmvokpr get pjl rp|`}+ Rlwlkp}(p~e *k8>4- tlrvek`lkpr

~ltl oral` pe votpmbmvopl mk pjl rp|`} ~mpj 40 rp|`lkpr vlt èhomk eg otpmrpmb poclkp mk VJRO

kohlc}# wmr|oc otpr# òkbl ok` h|rmb+ Votpmbmvokpr ~ltl nmwlk o r|twl} q|lrpmekkomtl# ~jmbj

otl `lrmnkl` dorl` ek pjl tlrlotbj edilbpmwlr eg pjmr rp|`}+ Mp bekrmrpr eg rebme(`lhentovjmb

vtegmcl# evlk(lk`l` q|lrpmekr ok` dljowmetoc bjlbacmrp ~mpj pjmtp} *26- rpoplhlkpr# ~jmbj jor

o Btekdobjr ocvjo eg 6+72# R@ 8 6+>??-+ Pjl} gllc bekgm`lkp ode|p pjlhrlcwlr ok`

tlbenkmyl pjlmt otpmrpmb poclkp+ Je~lwlt# pjl} ho} op pmhlr gllc rebmocc} mko`lq|opl or pjl} è

kep ~okp pe dl codlcl` or nmgpl` et poclkpl` dlbo|rl eg pjl jmnj lzvlbpopmekr pjop ~mcc dl nmwlk

pe pjlh+ O``mpmekocc}# pjl codlc nmgpl` et poclkpl` hoalr pjlh gllc |k|r|oc gteh epjltr+

Pjl} ocre jowl ok owltonl q|ocmp} eg rebmoc tlcopmekr pe~ot`r pjlmt rmnkmgmbokp epjltr

*Hlok 8 4+>0# R@ 8 6+>>2-+ Pjl} `lbcotl` pjop pjl} otl jowmkn `mggmb|cpmlr tlcopmkn ~mpj pjlmt

onlhoplr lrvlbmocc} pjerl ~je otl kep otpmrpr cmal pjlh or pjl} è kep |k`ltrpok` pjl vlb|cmot

~o} eg pjmkamkn eg pjl otpmrpr pj|r hoamkn pjlh vtlglt pjl behvok} eg pjerl ~je otl cmal

pjlh+ ^jlk mp behlr pe pjlmt rmdcmknr# pjl otpmrpmbocc}(poclkpl` ocre lzvltmlkbl bekgcmbpr ~mpj


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>>-# Lhepmekoc

Mkplccmnlkbl ok` _|ocmp} eg Rebmoc Tlcopmekr *t8(6+66


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>7

oppobjl` pe pjlmt nmgp+ Pjl otpmrpmbocc}(poclkpl` jowl jmnj mkpltvltrekoc ramccr or pjl} bok

lhvopjmyl ~mpj vlevcl ote|k` pjlh# lrvlbmocc} pjl rmnkmgmbokp epjltr+

Pjl gohmc} hlhdltr eg pjl otpmrpmbocc}(poclkpl`# lrvlbmocc} pjlmt votlkpr# otl

r|vvetpmwl pe `lwlcevmkn ok` opplk`mkn pe pjl kll`r eg pjlmt poclkp+ Je~lwlt# pjltl otl

bekgcmbpr pjop otmrl ~mpj pjl rmdcmknr eg otpmrpmbocc}(poclkpl` dlbo|rl eg rvlbmoc opplkpmek nmwlk

pe pjlmt nmgpl` rmdcmkn+ Pjl tlcopmekrjmv eg pjl otpmrpmbocc}(poclkpl` pe~ot`r pjlmt tln|cot vlltr

mr rehl~jop vtedclhopmb or ~lcc# dlbo|rl pjl} è kep |k`ltrpok` ~jop mr pe dl ok otpmrp pjop

mr ~j} pjl} pjl otpmrpmbocc}(poclkpl` rvlk` clrr pmhl ~mpj pjlh ok` vtlglt pjl behvok} eg

otpmrpr cmal pjlh dlbo|rl pjl} be|c` jowl o ~m`l wotmlp} eg `mrb|rrmek ok` rohl mkpltlrpr+

Pjl gethopmek eg rlcg(bekblvp mr ocre bt|bmoc get pjl `lwlcevhlkp eg pjl vr}bjerebmoc

ramccr eg pjl otpmrpmbocc}(poclkpl` oèclrblkpr+ Mp mr mhvetpokp pe ake~ pjlhrlcwlr wlt} ~lcc

gmtrp or pjmr mr pjlmt peec pe jlcv pjlh mkpltbekklbp pjlhrlcwlr ~mpj epjlt vlevcl+ Pjmr mr

mkgc|lkbl` d} pjlmt q|ocmp} eg rebmoc tlcopmekr or pjlmt rmnkmgmbokp epjltr otl pjl ntloplrp

mkgc|lkbl ek pjlmt bjotobplt gethopmek+

Tlbehhlkòpmekr

Dorl` ek pjl òpo nopjltl`# okoc}yl` ok` mkpltvtlpl` mk pjmr rp|`}# pjl tlrlotbjlt

tlbehhlk`r pjl gecce~mkn9

?+ Owomcodmcmp} eg Vr}bjehlptmb @opo

Ekl cmhmpopmek eg pjmr rp|`} mr pjop pjltl mr ke vr}bjehlptmb mkrpt|hlkp owomcodcl

pe hlor|tl pjl vr}bjerebmoc ramccr eg pjl nmgpl` ok` poclkpl` oèclrblkpr+ Pjl

`lwlcevhlkp eg o rbocl ek vr}bjerebmoc ramccr bok dl |rl` get g|p|tl rp|`mlr ok`


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>>

bok dl behvotl` pe òpo vtlrlkpl` mk pjmr rp|`}+ G|p|tl tlrlotbj be|c` lzohmkl

rbetlr ek pjmr rbocl ~mpj `lhekrptopl` vr}bjehlptmb vtevltpmlr+ G|p|tl tlrlotbj

be|c` geb|r ek pjl `lwlcevhlkp eg r|bj rboclr ok` hlor|tlr epjlt pjok

oèclrblkpr ~mpj pjl mkrpt|hlkpr |rl` mk pjmr rp|`} or o dormr+

4+ B|ttmb|c|h Tlwmrmek

Pe g|tpjlt mhvtewl pjl vr}bjerebmoc ramccr eg pjl otpmrpmbocc}(poclkpl`# mp be|c` dl

jlcvg|c mg pjl} ~e|c` dl mkbc|`l` mk pjl homkrptloh `|tmkn pjlmt Nlkltoc

L`|bopmek r|dilbpr re pjop pjl} ~e|c` dl hetl lzverl` pe tln|cot rp|`lkpr ok`

pj|r tl`|bpmek eg rebmoc rpmnho nmwlk d} tln|cot vlevcl pe~ot`r pjl nmgpl` ok`

poclkpl` mk`mwm`|ocr ~jmcl b|ttmb|c|h get otp bcorrlr be|c` dl tlpomkl`+

2+ Behvtljlkrmwl tlrlotbj ek otpmrpmb poclkp ok` mrr|lr tlnot`mkn pjl vr}bjerebmoc

ramccr eg otpmrpmb poclkp

Ocpje|nj o cep eg rp|`mlr jowl octlo`} dllk bek`|bpl` ek nmgpl`klrr d|p gl~

cmpltop|tlr lzmrp ek otpmrpmb poclkpr ok` kep occ èhomkr eg otpmrpmb poclkp otl dlmkn

povvl`+ Hetlewlt# o``mpmekoc tlrlotbj verrmdmcmp} ~e|c` dl pe rp|`} pjl gobpetr et

lwlkpr pjop bekptmd|pl pe pjl gethopmek eg pjl vr}bjerebmoc ramccr eg pjl otpmrpmbocc}(

poclkpl`+ Ake~mkn pjlrl# be|krlcetr# plobjltr ok` vr}bjecenmrpr be|c` `lwlcev

mkpltwlkpmekr pjop ho} jlcv pjlh g|tpjlt mhvtewl pjlmt vr}bjerebmoc ramccr ok`

jlcv bettlbp hmrvltblvpmekr eg pjlmt e~k odmcmpmlr ok` vltrekocmp} ok` homkpomk o

jmnj rlcg(tlnot` pe~ot`r pjlhrlcwlr+


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>:

DMDCMENTOVJ]

UUUUUUU+ *46?6-+ Bekptmd|pmekr ok` btmpmbmrhr eg lbecenmboc r}rplhr pjlet}+ Tlptmlwl`Gldt|ot} 62# 46?6# gteh jppv9%%~~~+gml+l`|%{vlcoykh%mhonlr%Tlre|tbl%

Rjogglt%BjvU4UCn+`eb

Domk# R+ *4667-+ Vltblvpmek eg `lwlcevhlkpoc# rebmoc ok` lhepmekoc mrr|lr mk nmgpl`klrr9 otlpjl} tlocmrpmb5 Telvlt Tlwml~+# 4=# ?# v+ 0?*:-+ Tlptmlwl` Ovtmc 67# 466=# gteh

Nlkltoc EklGmcl wmo Nocl+ *@eb|hlkp M@9 O?


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>=

@ehmptewmbj# B+ *?==:-+ Votlkpmkn vtobpmblr ok` bjmc` rebmoc o`i|rphlkp9 Pjl hl`mopmkn tecleg bjmc` vltblvpmekr eg votlkpr ok` vlltr+ Vj+@+ `mrrltpopmek# Pjl Vlkkr}cwokmo Rpopl

\kmwltrmp}# \kmpl` Rpoplr Vlkkr}cwokmo+ Tlptmlwl` Gldt|ot} ?7# 466=# gteh@mrrltpopmekr ' Pjlrmr9 O'M `opodorl+ *V|dcmbopmek Ke+ OOP =:277


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Vtl|rr# C+ ' L+ @|de~+ *4660-+ O behvotmrek dlp~llk mkplcclbp|occ} nmgpl` ok` p}vmbocbjmc`tlk mk pjlmt bevmkn tlrvekrlr pe o rbjeec ok` o vllt rptlrret+ Telvlt Tlwml~+# 47#

4+ v+?6-+ Tlptmlwl` Ovtmc 67# 466=# gteh Obo`lhmb EklGmcl wmo Nocl+

Tlky|ccm# I+ *UUUU-+ Pjl Pjtll(Tmkn Bekblvpmek eg Nmgpl`klrr9 O @lwlcevhlkpoc He`lc Get

Vtehepmkn Btlopmwl Vte`|bpmwmp}+ Tlptmlwl` Kewlhdlt 6=# 466=# gtehjppv9%%~~~+nmgpl`+|bekk+l`|%PjlUPjtll(TmknUBekblvpmekUegUNmgpl`klrr+v`g

Rbjet# L+ *?==

When Talent Becomes A Social Hindrance: A Study on the Psychosocial Skills of Artistically-Talented...

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