When people used reason to make their lives better. Change government

•HOW WAS EUROPE RULED IN THE 1700s?•People in Europe and America became unhappy with Absolute rule and wanted to change their governments.

•The ideas of this time period led to democracy and democratic governments where people have rights.

WHO WERE THE "BIG 3"?

• Three Enlightenment Philosophers most influenced our ideas of modern democracy.

•John Locke- said that people have Natural Rights. There are certain rights that people are born with that can’t be taken away.

• Locke said that the natural rights were: life, liberty, and property.

•Locke said that there is a social contract between the ruler and the people.

•If the government tries to take away rights, the people have a right to break the contract and get a new ruler.

•J. J. Rousseau. He said that the government rules by the will of the majority.

• His idea that government should express the will of the people is called popular sovereignty. Majority rules.

•Montesquieu- had the idea for Separation of Powers. •He said the government should be divided into 3 equal branches so that they could check on each other. •The three branches are Executive, Legislative, and Judicial.

•Enlightenment philosophers met to discuss their ideas at salons.

•Salon- a social gathering held to discuss ideas.  

American Government- Democracy

3 Branches

Executive

President

Legislative

Congress

Judicial

Supreme Court

Highlight the following:

1.Enlightenment2.John Locke3.Natural Rights4.Social contract5.Rousseau6.Popular Sovereignty7.Montesquieu8.Separation of powers

England’s GovernmentConstitutional Monarchy: Monarch’s power

to rule is limited by law

Executive Legislative Judicial

Prime Minister- runs the country

Parliament- makes laws

Courts

And a Queen

Our ideas of democracy & government were influenced by Enlightenment Philosophers.

•HOW WAS EUROPE RULED IN THE 1700s?•During the 1700s, Europe was ruled by kings, queens, & emperors. •Many were Absolute Rulers who said they ruled by Divine Right.•People in Europe and America became unhappy with Absolute rule

•Enlightenment Philosophers were thinkers who thought they could change their government and improve their lives by using reason.

•Since they used reason, the Enlightenment is also called the Age of Reason.

•Enlightenment philosophers spread their ideas in books, pamphlets, & newspaper articles.

• Denis Diderot- edited a book called the Encyclopedia which was full of articles from Enlightenment philosophers. France

•WHAT WERE SOME OF THE NEW IDEAS?

•Voltaire- said that people should have freedom of religion, freedom of thought & freedom of speech.

"I may disapprove with what you say, but I will defend to the death, your right to say it." France

•WHAT WERE SOME OF THE NEW IDEAS?

Mary Wollstonecraft- argued that women should have the same rights as men. She wanted women to have the right to an education. England

•Adam Smith- said that the government should stay out of the economy. This idea is called Laissez Faire economics. He said that capitalism is the best.

• Capitalism is when anyone can own a business and make money. People have more choice.

• Let the law of supply and demand determine what is produced and the price of goods.

WHO WERE THE "BIG 3"?

• Three Enlightenment Philosophers most influenced our ideas of modern democracy.

•John Locke- said that people have Natural Rights. There are certain rights that people are born with that can’t be taken away.

• Locke said that the natural rights were: life, liberty, and property.

•Locke said that there is a social contract between the ruler and the people.

•If the government tries to take away rights, the people have a right to break the contract and get a new ruler

•J. J. Rousseau. He said that the government rules by the will of the majority.

• His idea that government should express the will of the people is called popular sovereignty. Majority rules.

•Montesquieu- had the idea for Separation of Powers. •He said the government should be divided into 3 equal branches so that they could check on each other. •The three branches are Executive, Legislative, and Judicial.

•Enlightenment philosophers met to discuss their ideas at salons.

•Salon- a social gathering held to discuss ideas.  

American Government

3 Branches

Executive

President

Legislative

Congress

Judicial

Courts

Our ideas of democracy & government were influenced by Enlightenment Philosophers.

Government of EnglandConstitutional Monarchy: Monarch’s power

to rule is limited by law

Executive Legislative Judicial

Prime Minister- runs the country

Parliament- makes laws

Courts

And a Queen