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Transcript of ‘When an opponent declares “I will not come over to your side,” I calmly say, “Your child...
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‘When an opponent declares “I will not come over to
your side,” I calmly say, “Your child belongs to us
already”.Adolf Hitler
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To find out
How the Nazis attempted to control education
and why
How successful the Nazis were in controlling
education within GermanyKey Words
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To find out
How the Nazis attempted to control young
people and why
How successful the Nazis were in controlling
the youth of Germany
Indoctrinate/indoctrination – A set of beliefs constantly repeated to implant ideas in the mind
Ideology – A set of ideas
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‘In my great educational work
I am beginning with the young.
My magnificent youngsters!
With them I can make a new
world!’
Adolf Hitler
How did Nazi Ideas and Propaganda affect education
within German Schools?
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A visit to a Nazi girls’ school, recorded in ‘Education for Death ’ by Gregor Ziemer, 1942.
‘The school bell called the girls…before I visited the
classes I spoke to the headteacher. She told me that
every class in the school was built around a course
called ‘Activities of Women’. This course was divided
into handwork, domestic science, cooking, house
and garden work – and the most section – breeding
and hygiene. This section dealt with sex education,
birth, childcare…’
What does this source tell us about the types of lessons taken by girls after the Nazis came to power?
How was the education of girls affected?
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Taken from Germany 1918-1945 by Greg Lacey and Keith Shepherd.
‘Girls usually had a different curriculum from boys.
They also studied domestic science and eugenics (how
to produce perfect offspring by selecting ideal qualities
in the parents).
Girls took part in sport most days and were encouraged to study German, History, Geography and Race Study. The boys studied more scientific subjects regularly, such as Maths and Chemistry.
How was the education of girls affected?
How does this source and the table on the next slide confirm what you have learnt about the education of
girls?
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Periods Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat
1 German German German German German German
2 Geog History Singing Geog History Singing
3 Race Study
Race Study
Race Study
Race Study
Party Beliefs
Party Beliefs
4 Break - Sports with Special Announcements
5 Domestic Science with Mathematics
6 Eugenics, Health Biology and Sport
A typical timetable followed at a girls’ school.
How was the education of girls affected?
Based on information taken from Nazi Power in Germany by Greg Thie and Jean Thie (Hutchinson 1989)
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Extracts from A Boy in Your Situation, 1988
In the History classes the French were the hereditary
enemy and all the lessons were about the wars against
the enemies of Germany. There were no History
textbooks. They had all been withdrawn and until new
National Socialist versions come out there was nothing
but the teacher, who dictated notes and gave inspiring
addresses. He was a reserve officer in the army. He told
boys all about it. ‘We have got marvellous tanks now,
fantastic; and good guns to use against French tanks.’
How was the education of boys affected?
What does this source tell us about History lessons for boys after the Nazis came to power?
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An official statement on the purpose of education for boys
‘German Language, History, Geography, Chemistry and
Mathematics must concentrate on military subjects –
the glorification of military service and of German
heroes.’
How was the education of boys affected?
Why do you think that the Nazis wished to influence the boys curriculum in this way?
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BOYS GIRLS
Copy and complete this table in order to highlight the difference between the education of boys and girls.
Use the sources and the worksheet to help you.
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Mei
nKampf
Membership of the Nazi Teachers’
Association became compulsory after
1933.
Those teacher’s who were thought to be lacking in loyalty
and not willing to ‘defend without reservation the
National-Socialist state’ were sacked.
32% of teachers by 1936 were also members of the Nazi
Party itself.
This made the process of indoctrination much easier for
the Nazi Party, with teacher’s being only too willing to
pass on Nazi Ideas within the classroom.
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Virtually all Jewish teachers were dismissed in 1933 as it
was deemed ‘undesirable’ to allow Jewish teachers to
teach ‘Aryan’ pupils. This was made possible by the Law
for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service.
Some teachers remained as teachers in Jewish schools
until these schools were banned altogether in 1942.
Those teachers who taught in ‘Aryan’ schools however
suffered increasing levels of harassment and by 1935 no
Jewish teachers were left in these schools at all.
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How did Nazi Ideas and Propaganda affect the education
of Jewish children?
Mei
nKampf
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Extracts from ‘A Boy in Your Situation ’, 1988.
‘Karl had a new problem at school – the German
teacher Mr Bartholomeus. He had a little swastika
badge in his lapel that Karl came to dread. Teachers
who wore that badge always seemed to go out of their
way to say something unpleasant to Karl, in front of
the whole class.
Then one day the newspaper said: ‘No Aryan German
child is to sit next to a Jew in school.’ That was it. Karl
felt an enormous sense of relief. He would not have to
go back to school.’
According to this source, why did many Jewish children prefer not to go to school ?
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Michael Burleigh and Wolfgang Wippermann, ‘The Racial State’, 1991.
‘Jewish children were often insulted by teachers and
pupils, and subjected to malevolent injustices. They
had to sit at separate desks, and were often forbidden
to play with ‘Aryan’ children during breaks…Jewish
children could only escape harassment if they had the
chance to attend a Jewish school. Jewish communities,
and the Reich Representation of German Jews, did
everything possible to expand the existing Jewish
schools or to create new ones. In 1942, these were
forbidden too.’
Using this source and the previous one, describe the overall treatment of Jewish children in German schools during this
period.
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What was happening to Jewish children in school should not be
viewed in isolation. The persecution of Jewish people within
Germany accelerated alarmingly between the years
1933-45.
PropertyPropertyConfiscatedConfiscated
Sacked from
Sacked from
JobsJobs
ViolenceViolence
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1933 Boycott of Jewish shops, Jewish Civil Servants were dismissed,
a ban introduced stopping Jews from inheriting land. Many school text books were altered to contain anti-semitic messages.
1935 The Nuremberg Laws made it illegal for Aryans to have sexual
relations with, or marry, Jews. Jews were no longer allowed to attend public swimming baths, parks and restaurants. Public buildings were closed to Jews and no Jew was allowed to join the army. Jews are to
be known as ‘subjects’ not citizens of Germany.
1938Kristallnacht – Jewish shops, homes and synagogues attacked and
some destroyed. Many Jewish people were killed and injured. Jews no longer had the right to choose their child’s name (it had to be chosen
from an approved list) and they were no longer allowed to trade.
1941All Jews had to wear the Star of David (a large yellow six pointed star)
on their coats. Ghettoes were set up where Jewish families were forced to settle before being moved on between 1941-45 to
Concentration Camps.
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How did Nazi Ideas and Propaganda affect university and
college education?
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Minister of Culture’s statement to German universities, 1933
‘From now on, it will not be your job to determine whether
something is true, but whether it is in the spirit of the
National Socialist Revolution.’
Robert Ley, Leader of Reich Organisation
‘A roadsweeper sweeps a thousand microbes into the gutter
with one brushstroke; a scientist preens himself on
discovering a single microbe in the whole of his life.’
How would attitudes such as these affect standards within German Universities after 1933?
Clue: How ignorant is Robert Ley regarding the importance of scientific research?
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The Nazis made it extremely difficult for young women to go on to further education.
Michael Burleigh and Wolfgang Wippermann, ‘The Racial State’, 1991.
‘Female secondary school pupils had to choose between too
alternative subjects on offer to them: domestic science and
modern languages. The successful completion of a course in
domestic science…did not count toward a place in
university. School graduates with qualifications in modern
languages also found it difficult to gain admission, because
they lacked an education in Latin, which was a language
requirement for many subjects at university.’
In 1932 about 20,000 women attended university. By the outbreak of World War Two that number had fallen to roughly 5,500.
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How did the Nazis attempt to control Education and why?
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How successful were the Nazis in controlling Education
within Germany?
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http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/Nazis_Education.htm
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GEReducation.htm
For further information and sources relating to Education within Nazi Germany you may like to visit:
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http://www.learnhistory.org.uk/germany/index.htm
Read the section ‘Education in Nazi Germany’ then click on
‘Revise this topic’ to test your knowledge.
END