What is the Joint Project ? Sciences with the Joint Project Recent Progress and the Future Project Plan Issues for Nuclear and Particle Physics

KEK-JAERI Joint Projecton High Intensity Proton Accelerators

Shoji Nagamiya

Project Team

Configuration of the Accelerator Complex

Site View of the Project

Linac400 MeV normal linac400-600 MeV superconducting linac

50 GeV Synchrotron

Particle Nuclear Physics

NeutrinoNuclear Transmutation

Life & Material Science(Neutron, Muon, RI)

3 GeV Synchrotron

Site and Surroundings

World’s Proton Accelerators

IPNS

1000

10000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000

Energy (GeV)

AGS

CERN-PSFNAL-MI

U70

SPS

ISISTRIUMF

PSI(CW)

KEK-12GeV PS

Tevatron

This Project3 GeV

ExistingUnderconstruction

Power

KEK-500MeVBooster

SNS

Proposed

-Materials LifeSciences

1 MW

0.1 MW

ESS

-Nuclear ParticlePhysics

This Project50 GeV

Why Do We Need High Intensity Protons?

・ Materials & Life Sciences at 3 GeV・ Nuclear & Particle Physics at 50 GeV・ R&D toward Transmutation at 0.6 GeV

Three Questions about Mass

Concept of the Mass Itself– Higgs Mechanism 　 (LHC, Lepton Collider, etc.)

Neutrino Mass?– Beyond the Standard Model

Generation of the Mass of Matter (= Generation of the Mass of Proton or Neutron)– Spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking

Nuclear/Particle Physics (1)

Neutrino oscillation and neutrino mass (SuperK + K2K)– SuperK’s atmospheric experiment + r

ecent SNO experiment suggests the finite mass for and .

– K2K disappearance experiment also suggests the finite mass of .

From measurement of m to the lepton family mixing (Joint Project)– Flux () at the Planned 50 GeV PS

> 100 x Flux () at KEK 12 GeV PS

Future facility … towards CP violation

ê_â™ ≈ 250 km

τ? νμ

ìåäC≈295 km

Atoms and Neutrinos in the Universe２

ｍ

Proton + ElectronOne each

２ｍ

One billioneach ！

Three types of neutrinos(e, , τ)

New Data from K2K

2 year (1999-2001)data observed atSuperKamiokande

No oscillation (expected)

= 64 + 6.1 - 6.6Observed

= 44

97% confident that carries a finite mass.

Asian Map

Nuclear/Particle Physics (2)

NormalNucleus

|<qq>ρ,T|

5ρ0T

300 MeV

TemperatureDensity

ρ

T. Hatsuda and T. Kunihiro, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55 (1985) 158.W. Weise, Nucl. Phys. A443 (1993) 59c.

Hypernucleus

NormalNucleus

Baryon Implantation Meson Implantation

e+

e−

Meson

Hyperon

Methods of how to study the origin of hadron mass– Lattice QCD (theory)– Implantation of a hadron in nuclear matter (Joint Project)– Behavior of hadrons at hot and dense nuclear matter (RHIC)

mu, d-quark (5-10 MeV/c2)

< (1/100) mproton (1000 MeV/c2)

Atoms and Nuclei

r

Electron Bound State

V

r

V

rA

Nucleon Bound State

Atom Nucleus

Electron

Nucleus

Neutron

Proton

Possible Mass Modification?

K. Ozawa, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5019 (2001).

p + A Reactions

Materials/Life Sciences (1)

X-rays interact with electrons. X-rays see high-Z atoms.Neutrons interact with nuclei. Neutrons see low-Z atoms.

　　　　

Li

O

Mn

Li

O

Material for Li-battery seen by X rays (left) and Neutrons (right)

T. Kamiyama, et al.

Neutron Scattering

Materials/Life Sciences (2)

From structure to function

ÉÉ̂ìÉpÉNéø DNAA protenmoleculemoving alongthe DNA chain

Hen Egg-White Lysozyme

Water moleculesObserved withneutrons

X-rays Neutrons

N. Niimura, et al.

Protein

Materials/Life Sciences (3)

M. Arai, et al.

CuGeO3

Materials/Life Sciences (4)

Muon SciencesMuonTwo charge states, +e and -eMuon Mass ≈ (1/10) × ( )proton mass 200 × ( )electron mass

Finite magnetic moment Polarized when produced from pion

Negativemuon

ProtonPositivemuon Electron

Muonic Atom Muonium

1/200 Radius is by smaller than the normal atomix size

World Centers

ESS(under discussion)

SNS

FNAL

CERN

Future neutron sceinces

JointProject

Future neutrino sciences

For Kaons: World’s center.For neutrinos and for neutrons: One of three big centers.For transmutation: A unique facility.

群分離 核変換処理

High-LevelWaste

Atomic PowerStation

Takes 102 yrs to reach the negligible

level

Long-livedNuclei

Short-livedNuclei

Proton Accelerator

Neutron

ProronTarget

With Transmutation ･･･

Without transmutation ･･･ Short-lived Nuclei

Radiation Level（ about１ /200）

Takes 〜 104 yrs to reachthe negligible level

Accelerator-Driven Transmutation (ADS)

Transmutation + Energy Production

Superconducting Proton LinacTo GridToAcceletratorProton BeamAbout 1 GeV - a few 10 mA

Power GenerationSpallationTargetçƒèàóùçHèÍHigh- Level WastePartit ioningMA, LLFPShort- lived

Nuclei

ç≈èIèàï™Nuclear transmutaion is an important issue for nuclear power

stations. This project will explore the technical feasibility.

Final GoalSubcrit ical

Core

Final Geographical

Disposal

Reprocessing

Recent Events (1)

August, 1998: Suggestion of a joint effort between Monbu-sho and Science and Tech. Agency (STA)

March, 1999: MoU between JAERI and KEK signed.– New organization for the project was initiated.

April, 1999: International Review: Y. Cho (chair)– Emphasized the importance of the joint effort.

May, 1999: Positive Movement at both Monbu-sho and STA– Monbu-sho: Science Council emphasized the importance of a cooperative

effort between KEK and JAERI.– STA: The Joint Proposal was submitted to the Atomic Energy Council of Ja

pan. Enthusiastic! December, 1999 - June, 2000: Another (& the last) major review of t

he project.– The Review Committee was formed under the Atomic Energy Council of Ja

pan and the Science Council of Japan. – Final report was published in August, 2000.– Encouraged strongly the project. Need to set priorities.

Recent Events (2)

April, 2001: Phase 1 construction started.– Phase 1 + Phase 2 = 1,890 Oku Yen.– Phase 1 = 1,335 Oku Yen for 6 years.– Cash in fund = 30 (JFY00) + 47 (JFY01) Oku Yen. – Construction budget does not include salaries.

May, 2001: Construction Agreement between KEK and JAERI signed. A new construction team initiated.– About 300 people from KEK and JAERI are now working.

June, 2001: Interim Report from the Prefecture Committee, called “Science Frontier 21”.– Connection to industry, Internationalization of Tokai Village,

etc.– Final report will be published in March, 2002.

July, 2001: Approval by the Tokai Village.– Geological studies have been started.

December, 2001: Budget for JFY2002 (+ Supplemental budget for JFY2001).

今年５月の調印式Ceremony in May, 2001

Phase 1 and Phase 2

Phase 1 Items to be Constructed at 50 GeV

Accelerator– Stable operations up to 30 GeV guarenteed. Most

likely, up to 40 GeV is possible.– Magnets and all accelerator elements to be

constructed in Phase 1 are for the 50 GeV operation.– The power storage device is deferred to Phase 2.

Slow Extraction– Very limited experimental areas (see the later talks).

Fast Extraction– Elements that must be installed at the beginning will be constr

ucted.

• The minimum accelerator components + building for the fast extraction from 50 GeV.

• Crossing point between the neutrino line and the 3 GeV BT.

to allow Phase 2 neutrino construction without any major shutdown of the accelerators

Ion Source

Attained 70 mA (goal = 60 mA)

RFQ and DTL

RFQ with π-mode stabilizing loop 　　　　 DTL with quadrupole magnet imbedded

Novel RF Cavity with Finemet

高透磁率金属磁性体の開発

最高加速性能（ 50kV/m ）を達成

FINEMET( 高透磁率金属磁性体）装荷空胴

Magnet for 50 GeV Synchrotron

Proposed Schedule

Merging betweenMonbusho and STA

1 MW

?

?

?

FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08

LinacSuperconducting Linac3 GeV Synchrotron50 GeV Synchrotron

Neutron Scattering FacilityMuon FacilityTransmutaion R&DNuclear/Particle Phys. FacilityNeutrino Facility

R&Dbudget

Phase 1 Project Cost ≅ 1,335 Oku Yen( Total Project Cost≅ 1,890 )Oku Yen

& 00 R D Budget for FY ≅ 33 Oku Yen

? indicates 2PhaseConstruction

budget

Now

Organization for Construction

Project Team

JAERI President

K. MurakamiKEK DirectorH. Sugawara

Steering CommitteeY. Kimura & S. Saito

Project HeadquartersDirector: S. Nagamiya

Deputu Director: H. Yokomizo

UsersCommittee

Int. AdvisoryCommittee

Matrerials andLife sciences

Y. Ikeda

CoordinationY. Oyama

M. Takasakisaki

TransmutationExperimentsH. Oigawa

Radiation SafetyN. Sasammoto

T. Shibata

Nuclear ParticlePhysics Experiment

J. Imazato

Accelerator

T. Yamaszaki

Facility and BuildingH. NaruseT. Yamada

AdministrationT. KonashiT. Sawada

Issues for 50 GeV PS

Accelerator– Phase 1: 40 GeV could be possible instead of 30 GeV.– An additional power storage device is needed for 50 GeV

(Phase 2 includes the power storage device). Slow Extraction

– Need to select a few experiments for Phase 1.• Will form PAC-like Committee soon to select possible

experiments for Phase 1 (This point is a discussion item at this Workshop.)

– When do we propose Phase 2 ? Fast Extraction

– Neutrino experiment has a very high priority. KEK will submit Phase 2 neutrino construction budget to the Government soon.

– Need to form a high-level review committee at the Government.

Issues for 50 GeV PS (continued)

Other Issues– What to do about an anti-proton accumulator ring?

• LEAR magnets were shipped from CERN to KEK.• The site has to be saved before the Phase 1 construction.

– Are there any other important areas to be reserved before finalizing the Phase 1 construction design?

• Polarized protons? Experimental Activities until the Completion of

the Project– KEK 12 GeV activities and the experimental activities

outside Japan.

Most likely, the PAC-like Committee will be formed within half a year. Call for LOI will be made at that time. -- Need discussions at this Workshop, though.

Beam Commissioning

Item

Linac Bldg

Linac Accel

3GeV Bldg

3GeV Accel

3GeV Exp Bldg

3GeV Exp Fac

50GeV Bldg

50GeV Accel

50GeV Exp Bldg

50GeV Exp Fac

Power 0.1% 1% 10Åì Å 1̀00Åì

Beam Test

3GeV BT

Installation

10Åì Å 1̀00Åì

Beam Test

Construction

Installation

Beam TestInstallationConstruction

Beam TestConstruction Installation

Power 0.1% 1% 10Åì Å 1̀00Åì

Installation

Beam Test

Beam Test

Construction Installation

Start Usage

Test Periodţ

Open to Users

Year2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Construction

Power 0.1% 1%

Possible Upgrades

From 1 MW to 5 MW– Strong voice toward 5 MW from neutron scattering

community.– Also, this upgrade is useful for nuclear transmutation.

Nuclear/particle physics– Neutrino factory– Muon factory– Anti-proton accumulator ring– Ultra cold neutrons– Heavy-ion beams at about 20 GeV per nucleon– Polarized protons

Summary

Uniqueness of the Project– Goal: World’s highest intensity for proton beams.– Variety of secondary beams + Variety of frontier sciences.

International Research Center– Would like to create a research center in the Asian/Oceanic regio

n.– Would also like to invite scientists from Europe and the US.

Variety of Possibilities for Future Upgrades First Example of the Joint Project between the Past Two A

gencies, Monbu-sho and STA. Need to Establish “Strategy” for the 50 GeV Experimental

Activities This Workshop