What does Reconstruction mean in the context of the Civil...
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What does Reconstruction mean in the context of the Civil War?
In your notes...
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Official Reconstruction
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read pages 184-189
Quiz on FridayHandwritten notes
HW
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DUE Next Friday, November 7thWill work on in class!
The better your outline = the better your paper!
Research Paper Outline
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● period in which the United States began to rebuild after the Civil War, lasting from 1865 to 1877
● An effort to repair the damage to the South and to restore the Southern states to the Union
Reconstruction
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The State of the South
● 2/3 southern shipping● 9000 miles of railroads● 1/3 of all livestock● 100’s of miles of roads● Value of southern property declined by 70%● buildings, factories, bridges, etc. destroyed
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Create a Reconstruction PlanYou should address all issues:● Economic (how are you going to help the economy)● Political (what to do to make sure they never rebel again)● Social (What to do with freed slaves and plantation owners)
Be ready to share your plan with the class!
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Reconstruction Questions
● How was the South to be brought back into the Union?
● What kind of society would the postwar South be?
● What would be the fate of the newly freedmen?
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*Lincoln’s PlanTo re-enter the Union, Southern Confederate statesmust:
● ratify the 13th Amendment (abolished slavery)● have @ least 10% of a states’ population take an oath to
support the Constitution & the Union● Pardon to all Confederates who took the oath● disband Confederate governments & form new ones; no
former Confederate leaders could be part of the new government
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Freedmen’s Bureau
● established by Congress in 1865● food & medical aid, ensured fair wages,
established public schools, & created special courts to settle disputes between white & African-American workers
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Lincoln’s Assassination
● shot by John Wilkes Booth in Ford’s Theater in Washington
● ended Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan
● Succeeded by Andrew Johnson
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*Andrew Johnson’s PlansTo re-enter the Union, Southern Confederate states must:● Ratify the 13th amendment ● accept a Union appointed military governor, who would
hold complete power until a new state government was organized
● limited rights of all former military Confederate officers & all those who owned property worth $20,000 or more
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*Andrew Johnson’s Plans● Public education for all
except the freedmen (newly freed slaves)
● Only whites allowed to vote & to participate in the framing of new southern state governments
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Johnson’s Social Plans
● vetoed Congress’ decision to enlarge the Freedmen's Bureau and pass the Civil Rights Act of 1866○ would have prevented “Black Codes” or
discriminatory laws from developing
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*Radical Republican Plan
● impeached Johnson for violating Tenure of Office Act○ he “illegally” removed his Sec. of War from office○ Senate did not convict (by 1 vote)
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*Radical Republican PlanTo re-enter the Union, Southern Confederate states had to:1) ratify the 13th amendment2) ratify the 14th amendment (African-Americans given full citizenship rights)3) ratify the 15th amendment ( right to vote not based on race)
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*Radical Republican Plan4) Freedmen could vote & run for public office5) South would be divided into 5 military districts led by a military commander-would remain this way until states met the above conditions6) (re-)Established the Freedmen’s Bureau: governmentorganization that would help newly freed slaves
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“Sell Me Your Plan”
● in partners, you will make an advertisement for one of the three plans for Reconstruction
● include: ○ a catchy slogan○ why would this plan be the best choice?○ why are the other plans NOT a good choice?○ image(s)
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Unofficial Reconstruction
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● Conflicts in the Republican Party○ scalawags = white southerners who joined the
party, many small farmers○ carpetbaggers = Northerners who moves South
after the war○ African Americans = registered to vote for the first
time
Southern Politics
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● Jim Crow Laws (Black Codes)○ enforced racial discrimination○ separate facilities
● Prevent voting○ grandfather clauses= only vote if your grandfather
could vote in 1867○ literacy tests and poll taxes
Southern Politics
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Literacy Test
You have 10 minutes
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What does this test have to do with knowing politics?
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Lives of Former Slaves
● started own churches● new schools
○ ex. Howard University● held public office
○ remained the minority○ Hiram Revels = first black
Senator
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Lives of Former Slaves
● sharecropping = forced many freed slaves to farm land in exchange for a small piece of land and a large percentage of the crops
● what is this similar to?
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Lives of Former Slaves● Ku Klux Klan (KKK) = Southern
“vigilante” (takes the law into their own hand) group○ wanted to destroy the Republican
Party○ prevented people from exercising
their right to vote● should they be called vigilantes?
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Collapse of Reconstruction
● support for Reconstruction weakened○ Panic of 1873= diffused attention to the South
● no Republican unity○ Southern Democrats gained control
● courts started to undo political and social changes
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Reconstruction and Political Cartoons
● Purpose: ○ image that has a political point○ persuade and amuse you
● How to analyze the cartoon?○ SCAMS!
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S = Subject (What is the topic of the cartoon?)
C = Caption (What is the title of the cartoon? What does it mean?)
A = Actions(What is happening in the cartoon? Look for movement, actions and dialogue. These provide clues to the message and what the symbols represent)
M = Message/ Theme(What is the author’s point of view? What is the theme of the cartoon? What is the purpose for making this cartoon?)
S = Symbols(What do the symbols in the cartoon represent?)
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Reconstruction and Political Cartoons
For each of the images provided, do a SCAMS analysis.