Soil is what sustains plants. Plants are what sustains ecosystems.
What are plants
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What are plants?
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What can you see in this picture?
It’s a family
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Do you know that plants have family too?- Plants have green leaves, stems, roots & flowers.
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- Each & every part “member” in the plant has its own function “job” which is very important for the plant’s growth & survival.
(As each family member has a job to do everyday; father goes to work, mother cooks
food, children go to school & study)
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-Flowers have bright colors that attract insects & birds that drink the nectar.- They make the seeds (inside the fruits).
{They act like magnets as their bright colors attract birds to drink
the nectar}
(1) Flowers
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(2) Stems- Stems take water & nutrients from the roots to all the plant parts.- Stems hold the plants upright.
(A tree’s stem is called: Trunk)
{They act like pipes that carry water to our homes as they carry
water to all plant parts}
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(3) Roots- Roots absorb “take” the water & nutrients from the soil & give them to the stem.- Roots fix the plants in the soil.
{They act like a straw that takes in water from the soil, they also act like an anchor that fix the boat in
the water}
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(4) Leaves- Leaves make the food for the plant through a process called:
“Photosynthesis process”
{They act like the chef who cooks food, as they are responsible for
making plant’s food}
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- Every day you eat 3 meals: “Breakfast in the morning”“Lunch in the afternoon”“Dinner At night”
- Plants also make 1 meal everyday which is called: Photosynthesis
What is photosynthesis process?
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Photosynthesis process
- It is the process in which the plants “leaves” use sunlight, carbon dioxide from the air & water & nutrients from the soil to make their food.
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In photosynthesis process:
+ ++
{Plants use carbon dioxide, sunlight , water & nutrients to make photosynthesis then, oxygen & energy are released
+ Nutrients
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Now, let’s take a closer look at the leaf
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The structure of the leafCuticle
Upper epidermis
Chloroplast
Stomata
Lower epidermis
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(1) Cuticle:
• It is the waxy layer that coats the surface of the leaf to protect the leaf from losing too much water.
{It’s like a cover “coat” for the leaf that keeps the leaf moist & protect it from becoming dry on a
very sunny day}
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(2) Upper epidermis:
• It is the outer layer of the leaf that protect it from damage.
{It’s like our skin that protect us from any damage, plants have an outer layer “epidermis” that protect
it from any damage}
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(3) Chloroplast:
• It gives the leaf its green color & it contains chlorophyll that absorb sunlight in photosynthesis process “makes food for plants”.
{It’s like the food factory of the plant}
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(4) Stomata:• It opens & closes letting carbon dioxide in &
oxygen out during photosynthesis.
{It act like our mouth “open & close to help us to breath in oxygen & breath out carbon dioxide”}
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Do you think that all plants look the same like each others?
• Of course not, plants are so different from each others.
• So let’s classify “divide” the plants according to:
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(1 )StructureA- Plants with leaves, stems & roots: Example:
Trees
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B- Plants with no leaves, stems or roots: Example:
Mosses Worts
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(2 )Types of rootsA- Plants with tap roots: “Looks like a cone” Example:
Beet root Carrot Radish
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A- Plants with fibrous roots: “Looks like hairs” Example:
Grass Cactus
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(3 )Types of stemsA- Plants with woody stems: “hard” Example:
Trees Shrubs
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A- Plants with soft stems: Example:
Tulips Flowers
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(4 )SeedsA- Seed plants: - They produce new plants from seeds. Example:
Apple trees Violet trees
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B- Seedless plants: - They produce new plants from spores. “not from seeds”(When spores are released & fall in the soil, then
they grow into new plants) Example:
Horsetails Mosses Ferns
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(5 )Edible or Not
A- We eat the roots of:
Carrots Beet roots
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B- We eat the stem of:
Celery Sugar cane Asparagus
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C- We eat the leaves of:
Spinach Lettuce
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D- We eat the flowers of:
Cauliflower Broccoli
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E- We eat the seeds of:
Rice Beans Corn
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- Some plants are not edible, but we use them:
1) As medicine
2) For making furniture
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3) For clothing
4) As fuel “Like gasoline”