Well Deliquification Foam Lift Beam Pumps

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UNIVERSIDAD INDUSTRIAL DESANTANDER

BUCARAMANGA

2012

EVALUACIÓN DE TECNOLOGÍAS Y METODOLOGÍAS UTILIZADAS PARAEFECTUAR LA DESHIDRATACIÓN (DEWATERING ) EN POZOS DE GAS

SHALE. APLICACIÓN A UN PROSPECTO COLOMBIANO

DANIEL YOOBANY ESTEVEZ GUEVARALUIS ALEXANDER OLARTE CAMACHO

UNIVERSIDAD INDUSTRIAL DE SANTANDERFACULTAD DE INGENIERÍAS FÍSICO !UÍMICAS

ESCUELA DE INGENIERÍA DE PETRÓLEOS

1


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BUCARAMANGA2012

EVALUACIÓN DE TECNOLOGÍAS Y METODOLOGÍAS UTILIZADAS PARAEFECTUAR LA DESHIDRATACIÓN (DEWATERING ) EN POZOS DE GAS

SHALE. APLICACIÓN A UN PROSPECTO COLOMBIANO

DANIEL YOOBANY ESTEVEZ GUEVARALUIS ALEXANDER OLARTE CAMACHO

T"#$#%& ' "#'& *" + ,-#'& *#"# &*-#" # -/- & 'INGENIERO DE PETRÓLEOS

D " -&" MSC. FERNANDO ENRI!UE CALVETE

CO DIRECTORING. 3AVIER DUR4N SERRANO

UNIVERSIDAD INDUSTRIAL DE SANTANDERFACULTAD DE INGENIERAS FÍSICO !UÍMICAS

ESCUELA DE INGENÍERIA DE PETRÓLEOS

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DEDICATORIA

A Dios por haberme ayudado a conseguir las metas que me he

propuesto y nunca haberme abandonado.

A mis Padres y sobre todo a mi Mamá por haberme apoyado

siempre y a yudado a pesar de t odos l os pr oblemas.

A mis hermanos y amigos que me han apoyado siempre

mi hermanita L aura y m is amigos Iván y J uan Camilo.

A todas las personas que me han ayudado y he

han hec ho m adurar y s er una m ejor persona.

DANIEL ESTEVEZ


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AGRADECIMIENTOS

A nuestro director de tesis, el Ingeniero y Profesor Fernando Calvete por

habernos ayudado a conseguir que este proyecto se realizara y por

todos sus concejos.

A los cali cadores por habernos ayudado y apoyado con sus concejos

para ejorar y poder desarrollar el proyecto.

A nuestro codirector, el Ingeniero !avier "uran #errano del ICP que nos

per iti$ desarrollar el proyecto al per itirnos los datos que

necesit%ba os as& co o con todos sus concejos.

A i 'a % por haber e ayudado sie pre y con ar en & y is

capacidades, as& co o a is her anos y i Pap%.

A is a igos que sie pre han estado con igo y e han ayudado

sie pre que lo he necesitado.

DANIEL ESTEVEZ G.


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Dedicat ori a

Quiero dedicar este trabajo a mi familia, poracompañarme en cada una de las locuras que heemprendido y estar siempre apoy ándome y festejando m istriunfos. A mi madre, por todo l o qu e me han dado e n estavida, especialmente p or su s sabi os con sejos y por es tar ami lado en los momentos difíciles. A mi hermano C amilo,quien creyó e n mí. A mi tía S onia qu ien con su cariño m eha ay udado a encontrar l a luz cuando todo es os curidad.

A mis tíos Germán de m í durante t odo este t iempo. A mi primita M aría J osé

por contagiarme lquien desde e l cielo me g uía y estoy seguro que e n estosmomentos está or gullosa d e m í.

LUIS ALEXANDER OLARTE


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Agradeci ientos

Cuando co enc( a escribir los agradeci ientos pens( que por descuido pod&a dejar a alguieni portante fuera de la enci$n, por eso desde ya

pido las disculpas correspondientes en caso de quesuceda. Antes que a todos quiero agradecer a "ios

por dar e las fuerzas necesarias en los o entos enque %s las necesit( y bendecir e con la posibilidad

de ca inar a su lado durante toda i vida. )uierodarles las gracias a todos los profesores que hicieronde & un buen ingeniero y una ejor persona. *n

particular al 'sc. Fernando *nrique Calvete, quien eorient$ durante toda la carrera y especial ente por sus consejos durante el tie po que dur$ esta tesis.

+n agradeci iento uy especial erece la

co prensi$n, paciencia y el %ni o recibidos de ifa ilia y a igos.

A todos ellos, uchas gracias.

Luis Alexander Olarte


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TABLA DE CONTENIDO

INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................... 181. CARGA DE LÍQUIDOS EN UN POZO DE GAS .......................................... 20

1.1Flujo mul !"#$!%o &' u' (o)o *& +,$.......................................................201.2C,-+, *& l /u!*o$ .................................................................................... 231.3Fu&' & *& l /u!*o$ &' u' (o)o *& +,$ ................................................... 21. S ' om,$ *& l, %,-+, *& l /u!*o$ ........................................................... 2

2. ELOCIDADCRITICA..................................................................................302.1 &lo%!*,* %-! !%, (,-, (o)o$ *& ,j, (-&$!4'.........................................322.2 &lo%!*,* %-! !%, %o' l, (-o"u'*!*,*.......................................................33

3. RELACION DEL INDICE DE PRODUCTI IDAD 5IPR6...............................33.1IPR (,-, (o)o$ *& +,$ ........................................................................... 373.2Flujo *& "lu!*o$ &' &l (o)o &' l, l '&, *& "lujo ..................................... 3

. ANALISIS NODAL ........................................................................................ 1.1C,(,%!*,* *& (-o*u%%!4' *&l $!$ &m, .................................................... 2.2No*o$ u !l!),*o$ ...................................................................................... .3Tu !'+ (&-"o-m,'%& %u-9& 5TPC6 ........................................................... 8

. A'#l!$!$ *&l u !'+ (&-"o-m,'%& %u-9& 5TPC6 %o' &l !'"lo: (&-"o-m,'%-&l, !o'$;!( 5IPR6 ...................................................................................


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7.2R&$&-9,$ D& S;,l& A N!9&l =u'*!,l ..................................................... 1138. GUIA PARA LA SELECCIÓN DE UN =ETODO PARA DES>IDRATAR UN

POZO DE GAS ......................................................................................... 1178.1S%-&&''!'+............................................................................................123

8.2G-#"!%,$ *& %,u*,l %o' -, (-o"u'*!*,* ................................................. 128.3F,% ! !l!*,* *& lo$ *!"&-&' &$ m o*o$ (,-, *&$;!*-, ,- lo$ (o)o$ *&

+,$........................................................................................................128. A'#l!$!$ "!','%!&-o *& lo$ *!$ !' o$ $!$ &m,$ (,-, *&$;!*-, ,- (o)o$ *&

+,$....................................................................................................... 128?. EBE=PLO DEL USO DE LA =ETODOLOGIA EN UN PROSPECTO DE

GAS S>ALE EN COLO=@IA ................................................................... 13??.1A'#l!$!$ F!','%!&-o................................................................................1

CONCLUSIONES ............................................................................................ 1<RECO=ENDACIONES .................................................................................... 1


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12


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LISTA DE GR4FICAS

G-#"!%, 1. R&+ m&'&$ *& "lujo &' "lujo mul !"#$!%o 9&- !%,l...........................G-#"!%, 2. !*, (-o*u% !9, *& u' (o)o *& +,$......................................................22G-#"!%, 3. T (!%, Cu-9, *& D&%l!',%!4' *& u' Po)o.............................................2<G-#"!%, . Cu-9, *& D&%l!',%!4' &' u' Po)o %o' C,-+, *& L /u!*o$..................27G-#"!%, . P-u& , *& R&%o'o%!m!&' o *& P-&$!4' P,-, D& &-m!',- l, C,-+, *&L /u!*o$...................................................................................................................2?G-#"!%,


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13

G-#"!%, 2 . Po &'%!, R&/u&-!*, (,-, m,' &'&- &l (o)o (o- &'%!m, *&l %,u*,l%- !%o (,-, *!"&-&' &$ *!#m& -o$ *& u &- , .................................................... 77

G-#"!%, 2!*-#ul!%o.............................................................1G-#"!%, 3. R&(-&$&' ,%!4' *&l "lujo *& &"&% !9o...............................................G-#"!%, . R&(-&$&' ,%!4' *&l 9,lo- (-&$&' &....................................................13G-#"!%, . Com(o- ,m!&' o *&l PN %o' -&l,%!4' , l, ,$, *& !' &- $..............13G-#"!%,


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G-#"!%, 1. E$/u&m, *& $&l&%%!4' +&'&-,l (,-, *&$;!*-, ,- u' (o)o *& +,$.....1 1G-#"!%, 2. A'#l!$!$ *& l&9,' ,m!&' o (o- &$(um,$.............................................1 2G-#"!%, 3. A'#l!$!$ *& l&9,' ,m!&' o (o- (lu'+&- l!" ...........................................1

G-#"!%, . PN ,l "!',l *&l (-o &% o (,-, &l (o)o UIS 1.....................................1 ?G-#"!%, . PN ,l "!',l *&l (-o &% o (,-, &l (o)o UIS 2.....................................1


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LISTA DE TABLAS

T, l, 1. D, o$ *&l (o)o &j&m(lo...................................................................................65

T, l, 2. D, o$ *& T&$ Po!' .................................................................................<T, l, 3. D, o$ *& l, G-#"!%, 17.............................................................................<T, l, . Po &'%!, *&l Com(-&$o-..........................................................................7<T, l, . =# !m,$ Co'*!%!o'&$ *& Flujo (,-, u' S!$ &m, I' &-m! &' &................8T, l,


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RESUMEN

TITULO5E ALUACIÓN DE TECNOLOGÍAS H =ETODOLOGÍAS UTILIZADAS PARA

EFECTUAR LA DES>IDRATACIÓN 5DEWATERING 6 EN POZOS DE GAS S>ALE. APLICACIÓN A UN PROSPECTO COLO=@IANO

∗

AUTORES5DANIEL HOO@ANH ESTE EZ GUE ARA∗∗

LUIS ALE ANDER OLARTE CA=AC>O∗∗

PALABRAS CLAVE5D&$;!*-, ,%!4' C,-+, *& l /u!*o$ &lo%!*,* C- !%, Com(-&$G,$ L!" Plu'+&- L!" E$(um, G,$ S;,l&.

DESCRIPCIÓN

L, %,-+, *& l /u!*o$ &$ u' (-o l&m, /u& ,"&% , , mu%;o$ (o)o$ *& +,$ &' o*o &lmu'*o /u& $! 'o &$ -&m&*!,*, (u&*& ll&+,- , -&*u%!- %o'$!*&-, l&m&' & l, (-o*u%%*&l (o)o & !'%lu$!9& (u&*& ll&+,- , (,-,- l, (-o*u%%!4' (o- %om(l& o. E$ (o- &llo mu!m(o- ,' & *& &-m!',- lo$ *!"&-&' &$ m o*o$ (,-, *&$;!*-, ,- u' (o)o *& +,$ &$ o l,$ *!"&-&' &$ &%'olo+ ,$ u !l!),*,$ (,-, l, -&mo%!4' *& lo$ l /u!*o$ /u& $& (u&,%umul,- &' lo$ (o)o$. E' &$ & -, ,jo $& ll&9, , %, o u' &$ u*!o $o -& lo$ *!"&-&'m o*o$ &%'olo+ ,$ /u& & !$ &' (,-, &"&% u,- l, *&$;!*-, ,%!4' *& lo$ (o)o$ &

&' %u&' , l,$ %,-,% &- $ !%,$ 9&' ,j,$ *&$9&' ,j,$ /u& (-&$&' ,' %,*, u'o *& &$m o*o$ ,$ %omo lo$ ",% o-&$ /u& o%,$!o',' l, %,-+, *& l /u!*o$ lo$ m o*o$ (*& &-m!',- %u,'*o %om!&'),.

A*&m#$ $& (l,' &, u' &$/u&m, (,-, l, $&l&%%!4' *&l m o*o m#$ 9!, l& *&$*& &l (u'*& 9!$ , %'!%o &%o'4m!%o (,-, *&$;!*-, ,- u' (o)o *& +,$ %o' ,$& &' l,$ *!"&-&'%,-,% &- $ !%,$ *& lo$ m o*o$ *&l (o)o $& *&$,--oll, u' &j&m(lo *& l, ,(l!%,%*!%;o &$/u&m, &' u' (-o$(&% o *& G,$ S;,l& &' &l ,ll& =&*!o *&l =,+*,l&', /u& !&'&(o &'%!,l (,-, $&- *&$,--oll,*o (u&*& (-&$&' ,- (-o l&m,$ *& %,-+, *& l /u!*o$.

∗ T&$!$ *& G-,*o∗

∗ F,%ul ,* *& I'+&'!&- ,$ F!$!%o/u m!%,$. E$%u&l, *& I'+&'!&- , *& P& -4l&o$. D!-&% o- =.$F&-','*o E. C,l9& &. Co*!-&% o- I'+. B,9!&- Du-#' S&--,'o


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ABSTRACT

TITULO5 ASSES=ENT OF =ET>ODOLOGIES AND TEC>NOLOGIES USED TOREALICE DE ATERING IN S>ALE GAS ELLS. APLICATION TO A COLO=@IANPROSPECT

∗

.

AUTHORS5DANIEL HOO@ANH ESTE EZ GUE ARA∗

LUIS ALE ANDER OLARTE CA=AC>O∗∗

6EY7ORDS5 D&:, &-!'+ L!/u!* Lo,*!'+ C-! !%,l &lo%! No*,l A',l $!$ Com(-&$G,$ L!" Plu'+&- L!" > *-,ul!% Pum(!'+ Fo,m S;,l& G,$.

DESCRIPTION

T;& l!/u!* lo,*!'+ !$ , (-o l&m ;, ,""&% $ m,' +,$ :&ll$ ,-ou'* ;& :o-l* ,'* !" ! !$ 'o-&m&*!&* m, -&*u%& $!+'!"!%,' l ;& (-o*u% !o' o" ;& :&ll ,'* &9&' %,' +& o $(-o*u% !o' ,l o+& ;&-. I !$ ;&-&"o-& 9&- !m(o- ,' o *& &-m!'& ;& *!""&-&' *&:, &-!'+ , +,$ :&ll ;, !$ ;& *!""&-&' &%;'olo+!&$ u$&* o -&mo9& "lu!* ,%%umul, & !' o ;& :&ll$.

T;!$ :o-J %,--!&$ ou , $ u* o" ;& *!""&-&' m& ;o*$ ,'* &%;'olo+!&$ ,9,!l, l& o &;& *&:, &-!'+ o" ;& :&ll$ ,'* ;& ",% o-$ ;, %,' %,u$& l!/u!* lo,*!'+ ,'* ;& m& ;o*

"o- *& &-m!'!'+ :;&' ! $ ,- $.

I ,l$o (-&$&' $ , $%;&m& "o- $&l&% !'+ ;& mo$ 9!, l& m& ;o* "o- *&:, &-!'+ , +,$&* o' ;& *!""&-&' %;,-,% &-!$ !%$ o" ;& m& ;o*$ ,'* ;& :&ll ,'* *&9&lo

& ,m(l& o" ;& ,((l!%, !o' o" ;!$ $%;&m& !' , $;,l& +,$ (-o$(&% u$ !' ;& =,+*,l&',=!**l& ,ll& .

∗ D&+-&& P-oj&%∗

∗ P; $!%o%;&m!%,l E'+!'&&-!'+ F,%ul . P& -ol&um E'+!'&&-!'+ S%;ool. D!-&% o- =.$%. F&-','*E. C,l9& &. Co*!-&% o- I'+. B,9!&- Du-#' S&--,'o


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INTRODUCCIÓN

Lo$ (o)o$ *& +,$ (u&*&' (-&$&' ,- "lujo mul !"#$!%o , lo l,-+o *& o*o &lwellbore%u,'*o &$ o o%u--& &l +,$ ll&9,-, lo$ l /u!*o$ (-o*u%!*o$ , l, $u(&-"!%!& 9&lo%!*,* , l, /u& "lu & &l +,$ &$ m, o- /u& l, 9&lo%!*,* %-! !%,.

Po- *& ,jo *& &$ , 9&lo%!*,* &l +,$ 'o $&-# %,(,) *& ll&9,- o*o &l l /u!*o $u(&-"!%!& (,- & *& &$ o$ l /u!*o$ &m(&),-# , /u&*,-$& &' &l "o'*o *&lwellbore&$ o &$ %o'o%!*o %omo %,-+, *& l /u!*o$ oliquid loading .

A m&*!*, /u& (,- & *& lo$ l /u!*o$ $& /u&*,' &' l, (,- & !'"&-!o- *& l, u &- , (-o*u%%!4' &l +-,*!&' & *& (-&$!4' ,um&' , *& !*o ,l (&$o *& lo$ l /u!*o$ /u&&$ #' ,%umul,'*o lo %u,l +&'&-, /u& l, ,$, *& (-o*u%%!4' *!$m!'u , /u& , $u9&) l, 9&lo%!*,* %o' l, %u,l "lu & &l +,$ *!$m!'u , ;,%!&'*o /u& (o- &llo $&,%umul& m,$ m,$ l!/u!*o &' l, (,- & !'"&-!o- *& l, u &- , *& (-o*u%%+&'&-,'*o u' %!%lo /u& $! 'o $& -, , (u&*& ll&+,- , %o'$&+u!- m, ,- &l (o)o.

P,-, &9! ,- /u& &$ o $u%&*, & !$ &' *!"&-&' &$ m o*o$ &%'olo+!'*u$ -!, %o'o%!*o$ %omo *&$;!*-, ,%!4' 5dewatering &' !'+l&$6 o ,m ! ' (o- &l'om -& *&deliquification o unloading . E$ o$ m o*o$ u$%,' %o'$&+u!- /u& &+,$ "lu , , -,9 $ *& l, u &- , *& (-o*u%%!4' (o- &'%!m, *& l, 9&lo%!*,* %-*& &$ , "o-m, 'o $& (-&$&' & l, %,-+, *& l /u!*o$.

A*&m#$ $& *& & &'&- &' %u&' , /u& , m, o- 9&lo%!*,* *&l +,$ "lu &m, o-&$ $&-#' l,$ ( -*!*,$ *& (-&$!4' (o- "-!%%!4' %o' l,$ (,-&*&$ *& l, u &-*& (-o*u%%!4'.

E$ (o- &llo /u& $!&m(-& $& u$%, ;,ll,- u', 9&lo%!*,* 4( !m, *& "lujo *& +,$ o%,u*,l *& +,$ 4( !mo /u& &$ & l!+&-,m&' & (o- &'%!m, *&l %,u*,l %- !%o.


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=&*!,' & &l *&$,--ollo *& &$ & (-o &% o $& (l,' &, !*&' !"!%,- ,',l!),- o**& (,-#m& -o$ %o'*!%!o'&$ /u& (u&*,' ,"&% ,- l, %,-+, *& l /u!*o$ ,$ %o*& &-m!',- lo$ !'*!%,*o-&$ /u& (&-m! ,' !*&' !"!%,- *!%;o (-o l&m, *& &-m

*!$&Ko *& (o)o /u& (&-m! , m!'!m!),- lo$ &"&% o$ *& l, %,-+, *& l /u!*o&9,lu,- lo$ *!"&-&' &$ m o*o$ &%'olo+ ,$ u !l!),*o$ (,-, &"&% u*&$;!*-, ,%!4' *& (o)o$ *& +,$ *& +,$ $;,l& %o'o%!&'*o l,$ 9&' ,j,$ *&$9&' ,j,$ *& %,*, u'o *& &$ o$ m o*o$.


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1. CARGA DE LÍ!UIDOS EN UN POZO DE GAS

1.1 FLUJO MULTIFÁSICO EN POZOS DE GAS

P,-, (o*&- %om(-&'*&- %omo &$ /u& u' (o)o *& +,$ $& &m(!&), , ll&',- %o'l /u!*o$ &$ '&%&$,-!o &' &'*&- &l %o'%&( o *& "lujo mul !"#$!%o.

mul !"#$!%o1 &' u' %o'*u% o 9&- !%,l &$ u$u,lm&' & -&(-&$&' ,*o #$!%,m&'%u, -o -&+ m&'&$ *& "lujo. U' - +!m&' *& "lujo &$ # *& &-m!',*o (o9&lo%!*,*&$ *& l, ",$& l /u!*, +,$&o$, l,$ %,' !*,*&$ -&l, !9,$ *& +,$l /u!*o &' %u,l/u!&- (u' o *& l, %o--!&' & *& "lujo.

E' %u,l/u!&- !&m(o *,*o &' l, ;!$ o-!, *&l (o)o u'o o m#$ *& &$ o$ -&+ m&'&(u&*&' &$ ,- (-&$&' &$

• F %& ' B "$ %#5L, u &- , *& (-o*u%%!4' &$ # (-#% !%,m&' & ll&'l /u!*o. El +,$ l! -& &$ # (-&$&' & &' (&/u&K,$ u- uj,$ $u !&'*o &l /u!*o. El l /u!*o ;,%& %o' ,% o %o' l, %,-, *&l (o)o l,$ u- uj,$

*!$m!'u &' $u *&'$!*,*.

• F %& , B# 8 5L,$ u- uj,$ *& +,$ $& & (,'*&' m!&' -,$ %-&%&' $&"u$!o',' &' -& $ "o-m,'*o +-,'*&$ u- uj,$ ll,m,*o$ slugs o baches . L,",$& l!/u!*, $!+u& $!&'*o l, ",$& %o' !'u,. L, %,(, *& l /u!*o /u& &'9u&l9&,l +,$ (u&*& %,&- . Am o$ ,' o &l +,$ %omo &l l /u!*o ,"&%$!+'!"!%, !9,m&' & &l +-,*!&' & *& (-&$!4'.

• T"#,+ 9, B# 8 A, #"5El "lujo %,m !, *& u', ",$& l!/u!*, %o' !'u, ,u', ",$& %o' !'u, +,$&o$,. Al+o *& l /u!*o (u&*& /u&*,- &' -,m(,*o &'

1 LEA B,m&$ & ,l. G,$ &ll D&l!/u!"!%, !o'. 2 &*. O "o-* Gul" P-o"&$$!o',l Pu l!$;!'+ 20082M3


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&l +,$ &' "o-m, *& +o ,$. El +,$ *om!', &l +-,*!&' & *& (-&$!4' (&-o &ll /u!*o $!+u& ,"&% #'*olo $!+'!"!%, !9,m&' &.

• F %& N $ ,#5L, ",$& *& +,$ &$ %o' !'u, l, m, o- , *&l l /u!*o /u&*,, -,(,*o &' &$ , &' "o-m, *& '!& l, 5mist 6. L,$ (,-&*&$ *& l, u &- , $o'-&%u !&- ,$ %o' u', "!', %,(, *& l /u!*o (&-o &l +-,*!&' & *& (-&$!4' *& &-m!',*o (-!'%!(,lm&' & (o- &l "lujo *& +,$.

G":; # 1. R&+ m&'&$ *& "lujo &' "lujo mul !"#$!%o 9&- !%,l

F ,- 5=o*!"!%,*o *& LEA B,m&$ & ,l. G,$ &ll D&l!/u!"!%, !o'. 2 &*. 2008.

Cu,l/u!&- (o)o *& +,$ (u&*& (-&$&' ,- %u,l/u!&-, *& &$ o$ -&+ m&'&$ *& "*u-,' & l, 9!*, *&l m!$mo. El (o)o (u&*& &'&- !'!%!,lm&' & u', ,l , (-o*u%%!4*& +,$ *& mo*o /u& &l - +!m&' *& "lujo (-&$&' & &' l, u &- , *& (-o*u%$&-# "lujo '& l!', (&-o ,u' ,$ (u&*& ll&+,- , $&- *& u- uj, -,'$!%!4' o "lujo *

,%;&.


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A m&*!*, /u& (,$, &l !&m(o l, (-o*u%%!4' *&%l!', &l - +!m&' *& "lujo *&$*&(&-"o-,%!4' ;,$ , l, $u(&-"!%!& %,m !,-# , m&*!*, /u& l, 9&lo%!*,* *&l +,$"lu &'*o *!$m!'u &. E$ *& 'o ,- ,*&m#$ /u& $& (u&*&' (-&$&' ,- lo$ %u,

-&+ m&'&$ *& "lujo , lo l,-+o *&l (o)o &' u' mom&' o *,*o *& !&m(o ,$(u&*& &'&- "lujo u- uj, &' &l "o'*o *&l (o)o m!&' -,$ &' $u(&-"!%!& $& !&'&'& l!',.

G":; # 2. !*, (-o*u% !9, *& u' (o)o *& +,$


El "lujo &' $u(&-"!%!& (&-m,'&%&-# &' '& l!', ;,$ , /u& l,$ %o'*!%!o'&$ %,m !

$u"!%!&' &m&' & &' $u(&-"!%!& %omo (,-, o l!+,- /u& &l - +!m&' *& "lujo %"lujo *& -,'$!%!4'. E' &$ & (u' o l, (-o*u%%!4' *&l (o)o $& 9u&l9& ,l+o &--#ll&9,'*o , "lujo &' ,%;& m!&' -,$ l, (-o*u%%!4' *&%l!',. E$ o 9&'*-#,%om(,K,*o (o- u', m,-%,*, *&%l!',%!4' &' l, (-o*u%%!4'.


25/172

E9&' u,lm&' & &l !'&$ , l& "lujo &' ,%;& $& &$ , !l!), &' $u(&-"!%!&*!$m!'u%!4' ,*!%!o',l *& l, ,$, *& +,$. E$ o o%u--& %u,'*o l, -, , *& +,$ &$ mu

,j, %omo (,-, ll&9,- lo$ l /u!*o$ , $u(&-"!%!& $!m(l&m&' & ,l+u',$ u- uj,

$u &' , -,9 $ *& l, %olum', *& l /u!*o$.

S! 'o $& om,' ,%%!o'&$ %o--&% !9,$ l, (-o*u%%!4' *&l (o)o %o' !'u*&%l!','*o ;,$ , "!',lm&' & *&j,- *& (-o*u%!-. T,m ! ' &$ (o$! l& /u& &l (o)o%o' !' & "lu &'*o *u-,' & u' l,-+o (&-!o*o *& !&m(o ,u' %o' %o'*!%!o'&$ *&%,-+, *& l /u!*o$ (-o*u%!&'*o +,$ , -,9 $ *&l l /u!*o $!' /u& &$ & ,l%,'%ll&+,- , $u(&-"!%!&.

1.2CARGA DE LÍQUIDOS

Cu,'*o &l +,$ "lu & , $u(&-"!%!& &l +,$ %,-+,-, &l l /u!*o (-o*u%!*o , l, $u(&-"!$! l, 9&lo%!*,* *&l +,$ &$ lo $u"!%!&' &m&' & ,l ,. U', ,l , 9&lo%!*,* *&l+&'&-, u' "lujo '!& l, &' &l %u,l &l l /u!*o $&-# "!',lm&' & *!$(&-$,*o &' &l +,$E$ o -&$ul , &' u' ,jo (o-%&' ,j& &' 9olum&' *& l /u!*o$ (-&$&' &$ &' l, u &

*& (-o*u%%!4' %o'o%!*o ,m ! ' %omo liquid holdup %omo -&$ul ,*o u', ,j,%, *, *& (-&$!4' *& !*o , lo$ %om(o'&' &$ ;!*-o$ # !%o$ *&l l /u!*o "lu &'*o

S! l, (-o*u%%!4' *& +,$ &$ lo $u"!%!&' &m&' & ,l , (,-, -&mo9&- l, m, o- , *&l /u!*o$ l, (-&$!4' *& l, u &- , *& (-o*u%%!4' "lu &'*o &' l, %,-, *& l, "o-m,%

l, ,$, *& (-o*u%%!4' ll&+,-# , u' &/u!l! -!o &$ , l&. El (o)o (-o*u%!-# , u'

-! mo /u& $& (u&*& (-&*&%!- 2 (o- m&*!o *& l, %u-9, IPR 5I'"lo: P&-"o-m,'%&

R&l, !o'$;!(6.

S! l, ,$, *& +,$ &$ *&m,$!,*o ,j, &l +-,*!&' & *& (-&$!4' &' l, u &- , $9ol9&-# +-,'*& *& !*o , l, ,%umul,%!4' *& l /u!*o lo /u& -&$ul , &' u', m, o-

2 I !* ( M


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27/172

• A /; "&5S! &l ,%!m!&' o (-&$&' , u' ,%u "&-o ,% !9o &l ,+u, !'9,*!-#)o', (-o*u% o-, &9&' u,lm&' & ,l%,'),-, ,l (o)o.

• A # &,' ,+#'#5 El ,+u, (u&*& ll&+,- ,l (o)o &' "o-m, *& 9,(o- *&,+u, (&-o , m&*!*, /u& $u & (o- l, u &- , *& (-o*u%%!4' (u&*&%o'*&'$,-$& (,$,- , ",$& l!/u!*, $! l,$ %o'*!%!o'&$ *& (-&$!4'

&m(&-, u-, %,&' (o- *& ,jo *&l (u' o *& -o% o *&l ,+u, u', 9&) o%u-&$ o &l ,+u, &' ",$& l!/u!*, ,um&' ,-, &l +-,*!&' & *& (-&$!4' $! l9&lo%!*,* *&l +,$ &$ # (o- *& ,jo *& l, 9&lo%!*,* %-! !%, &m(&

(-o*u%!-$& l, %,-+, *& l /u!*o$.

1.< SÍNTOMAS DE LA CARGA DE LÍ!UIDOS

Du-,' & l, 9!*, (-o*u% !9, *& u' (o)o *& +,$ l, (-&$!4' &' &l ,%!m!&' o%om&'),-# , *!$m!'u!- (-o*u%!&'*o /u& &l %,u*,l *& +,$ (-o*u%!*o *!$m!'u ,

+&'&-,'*o /u& &l - +!m&' *& "lujo 9, , %,m !,'*o *& "lujo '!& l, , "lujo ,%;&. Alo%u--!- &$ o &l 9olum&' *& l /u!*o$ (-o*u%!*o$ ,um&' ,-# &l *& +,$ *!$m&$ o (o- lo +&'&-,l ll&9,-# , l, ,%umul,%!4' *& l /u!*o$ &' &l (o)o /u& (u&*&'ll&9,- , /u& &l (o)o *&j& *& (-o*u%!- o /u& (-o*u)%, *& "o-m, &--# !%, , ,$m&'o-&$ *& l,$ &$(&-,*,$.

E$ (o- &llo mu !m(o- ,' & *& &% ,- lo$ $!+'o$ /u& !'*!%,' %u,'*o u' (o)o (u&*&

&$ ,- &m(&),'*o , (-&$&' ,- (-o l&m,$ *& %,-+, *& l /u!*o$ *& mo*o /u& $&9! &' o*o$ lo$ (-o l&m,$ /u& %o'll&9,.

Lo$ (-!'%!(,l&$ m o*o$ (,-, *& &% ,- &l %om!&')o *& l, %,-+, *& l /u!*o$ $o'


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29/172

G"#; # $ & , # P" + 9, ' # T $ "/# ' P"&' 9, ? R @ +- > ,-&

Cu,'*o %om!&'), &l (o)o , %,-+,-$& %o' l /u!*o$ l, (-&$!4' ,K,*!*, ,l

,%!m!&' o +&'&-,-# /u& l, (-&$!4' &' l, u &- , *& (-o*u%%!4' &' $u(&-"!*!$m!'u , ,*&m#$ , m&*!*, /u& 9, %,m !,'*o &l - +!m&' *& "lujo $(-o*u%!-#' m#$ l /u!*o$ /u& $&-#' -,'$(o- ,*o$ (o- &l +,$ ,um&' ,-#' &l+-,*!&' & *& (-&$!4' %o'$!+u!&'*o /u& *& 'u&9o $& ,um&' & l, (-&$!4' &'

3Ibid p. 15


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,%!m!&' o %o' &llo -&*u%!&'*o ,u' m#$ l, (-&$!4' *& l, u &- , *& (-o*u%%&' $u(&-"!%!&.

A m&*!*, /u& &l +,$ &$ (-o*u%!*o &l +,$ $& (&-%ol, &' &l &$(,%!o ,'ul,- &' -&u &- , *& (-o*u%%!4' &l -&9&$ !m!&' o ,l %om&'),- &l (o)o , %,-+,-$&

l /u!*o &l +,$ &$ ,-# & (u&$ o , u', (-&$!4' *& "o-m,%!4' m#$ ,l , %,u$,'*o/u& l, (-&$!4' *&l -&9&$ !m!&' o &' $u(&-"!%!& ,um&' &. A$ u' ,um&' o(-&$!4' &' &l -&9&$ !m!&' o , l, 9&) u', *!$m!'u%!4' &' l, (-&$!4' &' l, u &-*& (-o*u%%!4' &' $u(&-"!%!& &$ u' %l,-o !'*!%,*o- *& /u& &l (o)o $& %,-+,'*o %o' l /u!*o$.

1. .3 P" $# ' R &,& > ,-& ' P" + 9,

L, (-u& , *& -&%o'o%!m!&' o *& (-&$!4' o!ressure "ur#e$ &$ &l m o*o m#$(-&%!$o m#$ u !l!),*o (,-, *& &-m!',- &l '!9&l *& l /u!*o &' u' (o)o *& +,$ $&$ & &$ # %om&'),'*o , %,-+,-$& %o' l /u!*o$. U', (-u& , *& -&%o'o%!m!&'(-&$!4' m!*& l, (-&$!4' %o' -&$(&% o , l, (-o"u'*!*,* &' u' (o)o /u& (u&*& &$ ,-

&$ # !%o o "lu &'*o.

D& !*o , /u& l, (-&$!4' &$ "u'%!4' *!-&% , *& l, *&'$!*,* *&l "lu!*o *& (-o"u'*!*,* l, *&'$!*,* *&l +,$ &$ mu%;o m&'o- /u& l, *&l ,+u, o *&l%o'*&'$,*o ;, -# u' %,m !o , -u( o &' l, (&'*!&' & *& u', +-#"!%, *&(-o"u'*!*,* %o' -, (-&$!4' &' &l (u' o &' *o'*& $& &'%u&' -, &l '!9&l *& l /u!*o$&' &l (o)o %omo $& !'*!%, &' l, G-#"!%, .

S!' &m ,-+o %u,'*o $& (-&$&' , "lujo !"#$!%o l, +-#"!%, (u&*& /u& 'o $&, l!'%omo $& mu&$ -, &' l, +-#"!%, ,*&m#$ &l (u' o *& !'"l& !4' &' *o'*& %,m !+-#"!%, (u&*& $&- &'m,$%,-,*o *& !*o , l,$ ,l ,$ ( -*!*,$ *& (-&$!4' (o- "-!%%!4


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o%,$!o',*,$ (o- l,$ ,l ,$ ,$,$ *& "lujo &' (o)o$ %o' u &- ,$ *& *!#m& -o(&/u&Ko.

G"#; # .P-u& , *& R&%o'o%!m!&' o *& P-&$!4' P,-, D& &-m!',- l, C,-+, *&L /u!*o$


1. . L# *"&' 9, ' L/ '&+ C +#

E' (o)o$ *& +,$ *o'*& l, (-o*u%%!4' *& l /u!*o$ %,& -&(&' !', -u$%,m&' & ,$,$ mu%;o m&'o-&$ o %&$, %om(l& ,m&' & &$ u' !'*!%, !9o *& /u& &l

&$ # (-o*u%!&'*o , ,$,$ m&'o-&$ /u& l, ,$, %- !%, '&%&$,-!, (,-, -,'$(o- ,-lo$ l /u!*o$ ;,$ , l, $u(&-"!%!&. E' &$ & %,$o lo$ l /u!*o$ $& ,%umul,-#' &:&ll o-& &l +,$ u- uj&,-# , -,9 $ *& l, %olum', *& l /u!*o$ ,%umul,*o$ o*&(&'*!&'*o *& l, (-&$!4' &' &l (o)o +&'&-,*, (o- l, ,%umul,%!4' *& l /u!*o$ &l+,$ *&j,-, *& "lu!- %om(l& ,m&' &.


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33/172

Co' V &lo%!*,* %-! !%, &' (!&$ $&+ P P-&$!4' &' ($!, $!&'*o (o- lo +&'&-,ll, P-&$!4' *& C, &),.

Como $& (u&*& o $&-9,- l, 9&lo%!*,* %- !%, 'o &$ "u'%!4' *&l %,u*(-o*u%%!4' *& +,$ o *& l /u!*o *&l (o)o $!'o *& l, (-&$!4' &' %, &), ,*&m#$%u,'*o u' (o)o (-o*u%& , l, 9&) ,' o %o'*&'$,*o %omo ,+u, $& *& & u$,- l,&%u,%!4' (,-, &l ,+u, , /u& &$ , &$ m#$ (&$,*, /u& &l %o'*&'$,*o (o- lo

,' o &'*-# u', 9&lo%!*,* %- !%, m#$ ,l ,.

L, &%u,%!4' *& 9&lo%!*,* %- !%, (u&*& $&- "#%!lm&' & -,'$"o-m,*, , l, &%*& %,u*,l %- !%o Q% l, %u,l &$ mu%;o m,$ (-,% !%,

S!&'*o

T T&m(&-, u-, &' $u(&-"!%!& &'Z F,% o- *& "o-m,%!4' *& +,$ -&,l

P P-&$!4' &' $u(&-"!%!& &' ($!, A -&, -,'$9&-$,l *& l, u &- ,

% &lo%!*,* %-! !%, *&l +,$D ! D!#m& -o !' &-'o *& l, u &- , (ul+,*,$


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A;o-, $! -&&m(l,),mo$ l,$ &%u,%!o'&$ *& 9&lo%!*,* %- !%, ,' o%o'*&'$,*o %omo (,-, ,+u, &' l, "o-mul, *& %,u*,l %- !%o &'*-&mo$

D& &$ , "o-m, &$ (o$! l& %,l%ul,- &l %,u*,l m '!mo *& (-o*u%%!4' *&'&%&$,-!o (,-, &9! ,- l, %,-+, *& l /u!*o$ &' &l (o)o &' "u'%!4' *&l *!#m& -o *&

u &- , *& (-o*u%%!4' l, (-&$!4' &' %, &), l, &m(&-, u-, &' $u(&-"!%!&",% o- *& %om(-&$!4' *&l +,$. A*&m#$ *&$(&j,'*oD- &$ (o$! l& *& &-m!',- &*!#m& -o *& l, u &- , !' &-', %- !%, o &l m# !mo (o$! l& $!' /u& $& (-o*u%,-+, *& l /u!*o$.

2.1VELOCIDAD CRÍTICA PARA POZOS DE BA3A PRESIÓN

L, &%u,%!4' *&$,--oll,*, (o- Tu-'&- &$ # ,$,*, &' *, o$ *& (o)o$ *& ,l ,(-&$!4' "lu &'*o (,-, (o)o$ %o' ,j, (-&$!4' m&'o-&$ , 1000 ($!, &$ '&%&$,-!o

,ju$ ,- l, &%u,%!4' *& Tu-'&- ,l mul !(l!%,- l,$ &%u,%!o'&$ (o- u' ",% o- *& 0.8


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2.2VELOCIDAD CRÍTICA CON LA PROFUNDIDAD

D& !*o , /u& &' l, m, o- , *& lo$ %,$o$ $& (&-"o-,' %om(l& ,' (o)o$ %o'*!#m& -o$ *& u &- , *& (-o*u%%!4' *!"&-&' &$ &$ '&%&$,-!o &9,lu,- l, 9%- !%, &' lo$ (u' o$ *& l, $,- , *& u &- , &' *o'*& $& !&'&' l,$ 9&lo%!*,*&"lujo m#$ ,j,$ &$ o &$ &' lo$ (u' o$ &' *o'*& $& %,m !, u' *!#m& -o *&

u &- , *& (-o*u%%!4' (&/u&Ko (o- u'o *& m, o- *!#m& -o !+u,lm&' & o%u

m!$mo &' (o)o$ *o'*& $& %om(l& ,' %o' &l %,$!'+ %ol+,'*o l&jo$ *& l,$(&-"o-,%!o'&$ &' &$ & %,$o l,$ 9&lo%!*,*&$ m#$ ,j,$ $& &'%o' -,-,' &"o'*o *&l (o)o , /u& $&-# &' *o'*& &$ ,-# &l *!#m& -o m#$ +-,'*& *& "lujo (o- &llo $&-# &l (u' o m#$ %- !%o &l (-!m&-o &' %,-+,-$& %o' l /u!*o$.

Po- lo +&'&-,l $ u' (o)o %o' u', $,- , *& *!#m& -o %o'$ ,' & !&'& u'9&lo%!*,* %- !%, &' &l "o'*o *&l (o)o /u& &$ ,%&( , l& &$ *&%!- l, 9&l"lujo *&l +,$ &$ m, o- /u& l, 9&lo%!*,* %- !%, &' o'%&$ l, 9&lo%!*,* %-

,%&( , l& (,-, o*o &l -&$ o *& l, u &- ,.

4 I !* (. 1


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G"#; # .Pu' o$ C- !%o$ &' &lwellbore


L, +-,"!%, (&-m! & o $&-9,- lo$ *o$ (u' o$ %- !%o$ &' lo$ %u,l&$ $& (-&$&9&lo%!*,* *& "lujo m#$ ,j, *& !*o ,l %,m !o &' &l *!#m& -o *& l, u &- ,.

E$ !m(o- ,' & ,m ! ' &' &'*&- /u& l, (-&$!4' &m(&-, u-, (u&*&' 9,-!,- *&"o-m, $!+'!"!%, !9, , lo l,-+o *& l, u &- , lo %u,l (u&*& ll&9,- , %,m !o$ &' 9&lo%!*,* *& u' (u' o , o -o , lo l,-+o *& l, u &- , *& (-o*u%%!4' ,u' %u,'*o l,

,$, *& "lujo $&, %o'$ ,' &.


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= RELACIÓN DEL ÍNDICE DE PRODUCTIVIDAD (IPR)

L, -&l,%!4' *&l '*!%& *& (-o*u% !9!*,* (&-m! & %,-,% &-!),- l, (-o*u%%!4'(o)o *& &-m!',- &l !'"lujo m# !mo /u& u' (o)o &$ %,(,) *& (-o*u%!- &l %u$!-9& %omo 9,lo- *& -&"&-&'%!, (,-, *& &-m!',- $u &'*&'%!, *& *&%l!',*u-,' & $u & (lo ,%!4'.

L, %u-9, IPR &$ l, -&(-&$&' ,%!4' +-#"!%, *& l,$ (-&$!o'&$ "lu &' &$

,$,$ *& (-o*u%%!4' *& l!/u!*o /u& &l ,%!m!&' o (u&*& ,(o- ,- ,l (o)o (,-, %,*,

u', *& l,$ (-&$!o'&$ *,*,$ . Po- lo ,' o (,-, %,*, & !$ & u', ,$, *&(-o*u%%!4' *& l /u!*o /u& $& (u&*& o &'&- *& l, *&"!'!%!4' *&l '*!(-o*u% !9!*,*

O *& l, "o-m,

Do'*&

P-&$!4' *& "o'*o "lu &'*o P-&$!4' *&l ,%!m!&' o &' m&*!o *& l,$(&-"o-,%!o'&$ B Í'*!%& *& (-o*u% !9!*,* C,u*,l *& l /u!*o

L, -&(-&$&' ,%!4' +-#"!%, *& &' "u'%!4' *& &$ u', l '&, -&% , &' (,(&

%,- &$!,'o. L, IPR -&(-&$&' , u', !'$ ,' #'&, *& l, %,(,%!*,* *& ,(o- & *&l

,%!m!&' o ;,%!, &l (o)o &' u' mom&' o *,*o *& $u 9!*, (-o*u% !9, &$ 'o-m,l

=AGGIOLO =$%. R!%,-*o. ESP O!l I' &-', !o',l T-,!'!'+ G-ou( A'#l!$!$ No*,l Flujo=ul !"#$!%o. E' o-J$;o( I' &-', !o',l 531 E'&-o ,l 0 F& -&-o =,-,%,! o &'&)u&l,6 200 . (3


38/172

/u& *!%;, %,(,%!*,* *!$m!'u , , -,9 $ *&l !&m(o (o- -&*u%%!4' *& l(&-m&, !l!*,* &' l, %&-%,' ,$ *&l (o)o (o- &l ,um&' o *& l, 9!$%o$!*,* *&%-u*o &' l, m&*!*, &' /u& $& 9,(o-!),' $u$ "-,%%!o'&$ l!9!,',$.

El *&$,--ollo *& l, &%u,%!4' *&l '*!%& *& (-o*u% !9!*,* $& ,$, &' l, &%u,%!D,-%

Al !' &+-,- l, &%u,%!4'

Al ,K,*!- &l &"&% o *&l *,Ko &' %o'*!%!o'&$ *& &$ ,*o &$ , l& &' u'!*,*&

%,m(o l, &%u,%!4' /u&*, %omo

Do'*&L, 9!$%o$!*,* u &' %&' !(o!$&$El &$(&$o- '& o ; &' (!&$

El -,*!o *&l #-&, *& *-&',j& -,*!o *&l (o)o &' (!&$.

L, (&-m&, !l!*,* J &' m!l!*,-%!&$ m*.El %,u*,l *& l!/u!*o$ / &' ST@ *El *,Ko , l, "o-m,%!4' $.


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3.1 IPR PARA POZOS DE GAS

El IPR (,-, lo$ (o)o$ *& +,$ &$ u', 9&-$!4' *&$,--oll,*, , (,- !- *&l IPR (,-,

(o)o$ *& (& -4l&o &' l, %u,l $& om, &' %u&' , &l !(o *& "lujo 5l#m!u- ul&' o6 l, %om(-&$! !l!*,* *&l +,$ %o' -&$(&% o , l, (-&$!4' l, &m(&-,

L, $!+u!&' & +-#"!%, -&$um& &l *&$,--ollo *& l, &%u,%!4' IPR.

G":; # .D&$,--ollo *& l, E%u,%!4' IPR (,-, Po)o$ *& G,$

F ,- . D!$(o'! l& &' I' &-'&; ( !$$uu.%om "-,'%o.$!9!l, *o%$ (o &'%!,l (-o*u% !9o *& (o)o$ +,$ "&-o$ C! ,*o &' 2012 0< 1 .

ESTADO ESTABLE

A (,- !- *& l, l& *& D,-% $& o u9o l, &%u,%!4' (,-, u' "lu!*o 5,%&! &6!'%om(-&$! l&

http://issuu.com/franco.sivila/docs/potencial_productivohttp://issuu.com/franco.sivila/docs/potencial_productivo


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L, ,' &-!o- &%u,%!4' &$ mo*!"!%,*, (,-, (o)o$ *& +,$ ,l %o'9&- !- &l %,u*,l*&ST@ * , =SCF * ,l u$,- u' 9,lo- (-om&*!o *&l ",% o- 9olum -!%o *& "o-m,%*&l +,$

Su$ ! u &'*o lo ,' &-!o-

D&$(u $ *& ,+-u(,- -&o-+,'!),- $& o !&'&

O &'!&'*o ,$ &l '*!%& *& (-o*u% !9!*,* *& u' (o)o *& +,$ &' &$ ,*o &$ , l,$um!&'*o "lujo D,-%

ESTADO PSEUDO ESTABLE

U', ,(-o !m,%!4' $!m!l,- , l, ,' &-!o- "u& *&$,--oll,*, (,-, &$ ,*o ($&u*o&$ , l&


41/172

P,-, ,$,$ *& "lujo *& +,$ (&/u&K,$ &$ ,$ ,(-o !m,%!o'&$ $o' ,%&( , l&$.

FLU3O NO DARCY

ARONOFS6Y 3EN6INS (1


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D& "o-m, +&'&-,l l,$ ,' &-!o-&$ ,(-o !m,%!o'&$ $& (u&*&' (-&$&' ,- *& l,$!+u!&' & "o-m,

• P,-, -, ,$ *& "lujo (&/u&K,$ &' +,$&$ &$ , ,(-o !m,%!4' &$ ,%&( , l&

• H (,-, -, ,$ *& "lujo +-,'*&$ *o'*& &l "lujo 'oMD,-% &$ &9!*&' & &$ u$l, $!+u!&' & & (-&$!4'.

Do'*& 0 V'V1 $! +-,"!%,mo$ lo+Mlo+ *& o &'&mo$ u', l '&, -&

%o' (&'*!&' & !+u,l , ' u' !' &-%&( o &' C .


El mo*&lo (,-, &$ ,*o &$ , l& (u&*& $&- mo*!"!%,*o *& l, %o--&l,%!4' *& &($&u*o &$ , l& $! -&&m(l,),mo$ &l -m!'o 5-,*!o &"&% !9*-&',j& *& A-o'o"$J B&'J!'$6

R&&m(l,),'*o o &'&mo$ l, $!+u!&' & &%u,%!4'


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Do'*& &$ u', %o--&l,%!4' &' -& H (,-, 9,-!,$ #-&,$ *& *-&',j&.


45/172

3.2FLU3O DE FLUIDOS EN EL POZO Y EN LA LÍNEA DE FLU3O

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E !$ &' mu%;,$ -,)o'&$ (,-, /u& o%u--, l, ( -*!*, *& (-&$!4' &' u &- , %omo&$ -,'+ul,m!&' o$ o "o-m,%!4' *& ,(o',m!&' o$ (&-o &' (-!'%!(,l m&*!*, l,$( -*!*,$ $o' o%,$!o',*,$ (o- -&$ ",% o-&$ (-!'%!(,l&$

• P -*!*,$ (o- %,m !o *& &l&9,%!4' o +-,9&*,*• P -*!*,$ (o- "-!%%!4' /u& $& !'%-&m&' ,' %o' l, 9&lo%!*,*

• P -*!*,$ (o- ,%&l&-,%!4'.

P,-, ;,ll,- &$ & !m(o- ,' & *, o mu%;o$ ,u o-&$ ;,' (u l!%,*o u' $!' ' m&-o *&%o--&l,%!o'&$ *&$ !',*,$ , (-&*&%!-lo o*,$ (,- &' *& l, m!$m, &%u,%+&'&-,l *& ( -*!*,$ *& (-&$!4' (&-o 9,- ,' &' l, m,'&-, &' /u& *&$,--oll,' $u$%#l%ulo$ o l,$ &$ !m,%!o'&$ /u& -&,l!),'.

S! $& %o'o%&' l,$ ( -*!*,$ *& (-&$!4' *&l "lu!*o &' &l (o)o (o*&mo$ &$ !m,-(-&$!4' -&/u&-!*, &' "o'*o *& (o)o (,-, &l&9,- l, %olum', *& "lu!*o$ m&*!,' & l,$!+u!&' & &%u,%!4'

Do'*&


46/172

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47/172

A (,- !- *& &$ , &%u,%!4' $& +&'&-,' o*,$ l,$ %o--&l,%!o'&$ (,-, *& &-m!',-+-,*!&' & *& (-&$!4' &' -& &ll,$ l,$ m#$ %omu'&$ $o'

C&"" # &, + *#"# ; %& V "- # 5

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D&(&'*!&'*o *& l, *&'$!*,* *&l "lu!*o 9,- , l, ( -*!*, *& (-&$!4' (o- %,m !o *&&l&9,%!4' 5+-,9&*,*6 +&'&-,lm&' & $& %,l%ul, u$,'*o &l *, o *& %,-+, 5;ol* *& l /u!*o. E %&( u,'*o l,$ %o'*!%!o'&$ *& ,l ,$ 9&lo%!*,*&$ l, m, o- , *&( -*!*,$ *& (-&$!4' $o' o%,$!o',*,$ (o- &$ & "&'4m&'o.

A ,l ,$ 9&lo%!*,*&$ %om!&'), , ,"&% ,- l, "-!%%!4' +&'&-,*, &' -& &l "lu!*ou &- , %o'9!- !&'*o l, &'&-+ , %!' !%, &' &'&-+ , %,l4-!%, (o- %o'$!(&-*!&'*o (-&$!4'W l, (&-*!*, *& (-&$!4' (o- ,%&l&-,%!4' &$ &' l, m, o- , *& lo%,$o$ *&$(-&%!, l& $olo &$ om,*, &' %u&' , %u,'*o ;, ,l ,$ 9&lo%!*,*&$"lujo.


48/172

3.2.2 D + " * 9, D C&"" # &, + D F %& M - ;:+ & E, T $ "/#+

>, 9,-!,$ %o--&l,%!o'&$ *& !(o &m( -!%,$ *!$&K,*,$ (,-, %,l%ul,- lo$ +-,*!&'

*& (-&$!4'. H &$ ,$ $& %l,$!"!%,' &'

C&"" # &, + - *& A5 A$um&' /u& 'o ;, *&$l!),m!&' o &' -& l,$ ",$&$ (o- lo,' o 'o $& om,' (, -o'&$ *& "lujo ,l+u',$ $o' F,'%;&- X @-o:' Po& m,'' X

C,-(&' &- @, &'*&ll X T;om,$.

C&"" # &, + - *& B5 A$um&' /u& ;, *&$l!),m!&' o &' -& l,$ ",$&$ (&-o 'o

!&'&' &' %u&' , lo$ (, -o'&$ *& "lujo &' -& &ll,$ >,+&*o-' X @-o:'.

C&"" # &, + - *& C5Co'$!*&-,' &l *&$l!),m!&' o &' -& ",$&$ lo$ (, -o'&$ *&"lujo , l, 9&) %omo @&++$ X @-!ll Du'$ X Ro$ O-J!$):&$J .

F#, 8 " B"& ,5

E$ , %o--&l,%!4' 'o om, &' %u&' , lo$ &"&% o$ *& *&$l!),m!&' o *&' -ou &- , &$ u !l!),*, "-&%u&' &m&' & (,-, -&,l!),- u' %o' -ol *& %,l!*,* . E$

&l 9,lo- m '!mo *& (-&$!4' *& "o'*o "lu &' & (o$! l& *&l %om(o- ,m!&' o *&l %u,'*o $& %om(,-, %o' l, (-&$!4' m&*!*,. Au' ,$ *, u' u&' %o &jo &' l,$m&*!%!o'&$ *& (-&$!o'&$ *& "o'*o. No *& & $&- u$,*, (,-, &l %#l%ulo %u,' ! ,Lo$ (u' o$ *& (-&$!o'&$ m&*!*,$ /u& %,!+,' , l, !)/u!&-*, *& l, %o--&l,%!4' 5&'u' +-#"!%o *& (-&$!4' m&*!*, 9$ (-o"u'*!*,*6 !'*!%,' u' (-o l&m, &' l, *&'$!*,**& lo$ "lu!*o$ o *, o$ *& (-&$!4' *& %,m(o.

H# '&", B"& ,5

E$ u', u&', %o--&l,%!4' &' (o)o$ *& (& -4l&o %o' (, -o'&$ *& "lujo $lu+ 5 ,%;&*& m&*!, , ,l ,$ ,$,$ *& (-o*u%%!4'. E$ , %o--&l,%!4' 'o *& & $&- u !l!),*, (,-


49/172

%o'*&'$,*o$ $!&m(-& %u,'*o &l "lujo '& l!', $&, (-&*om!',' & *&' -o *& l,u &- , *& (-o*u%%!4'. Pu&*& o%u--!- (&-*!*, *& (-&$!4' &' l, &$ !m,%!4

(-&$!o'&$ &' u &- ,$ *& 1 , 1 (ul+,*,$ *& *!#m& -o. L, %, *, *& (-&$

(u&*& $&- $o -&&$ !m,*, %u,'*o &l (o)o "lu & %o' -&l,%!o'&$ +,$ (&m, o-&$ , 000 PCN @N. S!' &m ,-+o l, %o--&l,%!4' "u'%!o', ,$ ,' & !&' (,-,u' ,m(l!o -,'+o *& %o- &$ *& ,+u,.

D ,+ R&+5

Lo$ ,u o-&$ %o'$!*&-,' /u& & !$ & *&$l!),m!&' o &' -& l,$ ",$&$ &$ ,

(, -o'&$ *& "lujo. Po- lo +&'&-,l "u'%!o', !&' &' lo$ %,$o$ *& "lujo '& l!', *& &$&- u$,*, (,-, &l %,$o *& (& -4l&o %o' u', ,l , GRP (o)o$ *& %o'*&'$,*o$5Y 000 PCN @N6. S& & & &'&- %u!*,*o ,l u !l!),-l, (u&$ &$ , %o--&l,%!4, $o -&(-&*&%!- l, LP 5%u-9, *& *&m,'*,6 &' (o)o$ *& (& -4l&o. A (&$,- *&$ o l, ,$, m '!m, &$ , l& !'*!%,*, (o- &l m '!mo *& l, %u-9, LP &$ , m&'u*u', u&', &$ !m,%!4'. E' u &- ,$ *& 1 , 3 (ul+,*,$ !&'*& , $o -& (-&*&%!- l%, *, *& (-&$!4'. L, %o--&l,%!4' -, ,j, &' u' -,'+o *& +-,9&*,* API *& 13 , < .

O"J +K J 5

El ,u o- %o'$!*&-, *&$l!),m!&' o &' -& l,$ ",$&$ & !$ &' %u, -o (, -o'&$ *&E$ u', %o--&l,%!4' /u& &' o%,$!o'&$ *, u' u&' ,ju$ & , lo$ *, o$ m&*!*o$. P&-o;, /u& &'&- %u!*,*o (u&$ $u "o-mul,%!4' !'%lu & u', *!$%o' !'u!*,* &' $um o*o *& %#l%ulo. D!%;, *!$%o' !'u!*,* (u&*& %,u$,- !'&$ , !l!*,* *u-,' &%o &jo *& l, (-&$!4' (o- lo /u& 'o $& -&%om!&'*, $u u$o. E$ , %o--&l,%!4'

u' u&' %om(o- ,m!&' o &' (o)o$ %o' u &- ,$ *& (-o*u%%!4' *& 1 , 2 (ul+,*,$*& *!#m& -o. Al ,j,- l, +-,9&*,* API 5*& 13 , 306 l, %o--&l,%!4' (u&*$o -&&$ !m,- &l (&-"!l *& (-&$!4'. Fu'%!o', %o' u' ,m(l!o -,'+o *& %o- &$ *,+u,.


50/172

C&"" # &, + *#"# ; %& H&" K&,-# 5

Cu,'*o l, u &- , $& &'%u&' -, &' (o$!%!4' ;o-!)o' ,l $u #'+ulo &l $&'o *& $u

#'+ulo $o' %&-o lo /u& 'o$ !'*!%, /u& 'o ;, %, *, *& (-&$!4' (o- &l&9,%!4' o &$*&$(-&%!, l& l, &%u,%!4' $& -&$um& ,$

L,$ (-&*!%%!o'&$ *& %,-+, *& l /u!*o $o' m&'o$ %- !%,$ (,-, %#l%ulo$ *& ( -*& (-&$!4' &' "lujo ;o-!)o' ,l (&-o ,l+u',$ %o--&l,%!o'&$ '&%&$! ,' *& &$ & *(,-, l, o &'%!4' *& l, *&'$!*,* l, %u,l &$ '&%&$,-!, (,-, lo$ %#l%ulo$ *&( -*!*,$ *& (-&$!4' (o- "-!%%!4' (o- ,%&l&-,%!4'. L, %, *, (o- ,%&l&-,%!4' &m&'o- 'o $& !&'& &' %u&' , l, m, o- , *& l,$ 9&%&$ &' lo$ %#l%ulo$ *& *!$&

B + B" 5

E$ u', *& l,$ &%u,%!o'&$ m#$ u !l!),*,$ %u -& 9,-!o$ -,'+o$ *& ,$,$

*!#m& -o$ !' &-'o$ *& l, u &- ,. D&$,--oll,-o' u' &$/u&m, (,-,%, *,$ *& (-&$!4'&' u &- ,$ !'%l!',*,$ ;o-!)o' ,l&$ (,-, "lujo mul !"#$!%o. E$ , l&%!&&%u,%!o'&$ $&+ ' lo$ -&+ m&'&$ *& "lujo $&+-&+,*o !' &-m! &' & *(,-, &l %#l%ulo *& ",% o- *& &' -,m(,m!&' o l /u!*o *&"!'!&-o' &l ",% o"-!%%!4' !"#$!%o !'*&(&'*!&' &m&' & *& lo$ -&+ m&'&$ *& "lujo.

D J " A # F #, #,5

L, %o--&l,%!o' *& A+, X Fl,'!+,' "u& *&$,--oll,*, (,-, $!$ &m,$ *& +,$%o'*&'$,*o &' u &- ,$ ;o-!)o' ,l&$ & !'%l!',*,$ %o'$!*&-,'*o %!'%o -&+ m&'&*& "lujo u- uj, !' &-m! &' & ,'ul,- '& l!', &$ -, !"!%,*o. L, &%u,%DuJl&- &$ u$,*, (,-, %,l%ul,- l, ( -*!*, *& (-&$!4' (o- "-!%%!4' &l ",% o- *&


51/172


52/172

G":; # 10.Cu-9,$ *& G-,*!&' & *& P-&$!4' >o-!)o' ,l

Pwh Pwf

L equiv

L

L total

F ,- . =o*!"!%,*, *& \ER=IT @-o:'. T;& T&%;'olo+ o" A- !"!%!,l L!" =& ;o*ol 1?80


53/172

< ANALISIS NODAL

El ,'#l!$!$ NODAL *& u' $!$ &m, *& (-o*u%%!4' -&,l!),*o &' "o-m, $!$ &m#

(&-m! & *& &-m!',- &l %om(o- ,m!&' o ,% u,l "u u-o *& u' (o)o (-o*u%;!*-o%,- u-o$. Co'$!$ & &' *!9!*!- &$ & $!$ &m, *& (-o*u%%!4' &' 'o*o$$olu%!4' (,-, %,l%ul,- %, *,$ *& (-&$!4' *&$*& &l ,%!m!&' o ;,$ , l, $u(&-"!%*& &$ , m,'&-, &$ (o$! l& *& &-m!',- l,$ %u-9,$ *& %om(o- ,m!&' o *& ,"lu&

&l (o &'%!,l *& (-o*u%%!4' *& u' ,%!m!&' o.

Como -&$ul ,*o *& &$ & ,'#l!$!$ $& o !&'& +&'&-,lm&' & u' !'%-&m&' o

(-o*u%%!4' &l m&jo-,m!&' o *& l, &"!%!&'%!, *& "lujo %u,'*o $& -, , *& u' (-o*u% o- (&-o %u,'*o $& -, , *& u' (o)o 'u&9o (&-m! & *&"!'!- &l *!#m4( !mo *& l,$ u &- ,$ *& (-o*u%%!4' *&l &$ -,'+ul,*o- l '&, *& *&$%,-&l %u,l *& & "lu!- *!%;o (o)o ,$ %omo (-&*&%!- $u %om(o- ,m!&' o *&5,(o- & *& ;!*-o%,- u-o$6 (-&$!4' (,-, *!"&-&' &$ %o'*!%!o'&$ *& o(&-,%!4'.

E' &l ,'#l!$!$ 'o*,l $& &9,l , u' $!$ &m, *& (-o*u%%!4' *!9!*! '*ol& &' -&

%om(o'&' &$ #$!%o$<

o Flujo , -,9 $ *& u' m&*!o (o-o$o 5H,%!m!&' o6 %o'$!*&-,'*o &*,Ko o%,$!o',*o (o- lo*o$ *& (&-"o-,%!4' %&m&' o & %.

o Flujo , -,9 $ *& l, u &- , 9&- !%,l %o'$!*&-,'*o %u,l/u!&- (o$-&$ -!%%!4' %omo &m(,/u& ,m!&' o$ 9#l9ul,$ *& $&+u-&$ -,'+ul,*o-&$ *& "o'*o & %.

o Flujo , -,9 $ *& l, u &- , ;o-!)o' ,l 5L '&, *& $u(&-"!%!

%o'$!*&-,'*o &l m,'&jo *& &$ -,'+ul,*o-&$ &' $u(&-"!%!&.

6 >IRSC>FELDT =,-%&lo. A'#l!$!$ *& u' S!$ &m, *& P-o*u%%!4' A'#l!$!$ No*,l. 200?. A- %ulo T %'!%o (u l!%,*o &':::.o!l(-o*u% !o'.'&

http://www.oilproduction.net/http://www.oilproduction.net/


54/172

.1CAPACIDAD DE PRODUCCIÓN DEL SISTEMA

L, (&-*!*, *& &'&-+ , &' "o-m, *& (-&$!4' , -,9 $ *& %,*, %om(o'&' & *&(&'*&

*& l,$ %,-,% &- $ !%,$ *& lo$ "lu!*o$ (-o*u%!*o$ &' &$(&%!,l *&l %,u*-,'$(o- ,*o *& ,l m,'&-, /u& &l %,u*,l *& (-o*u%%!4' *&l $!$ &m, -&$(o'*&

u' ,l,'%& &' -& l, %,(,%!*,* *& ,(o- & *& &'&-+ , *&l ,%!m!&' o l, *&m,'**& &'&-+ , *& l, !'$ ,l,%!4' (,-, -,'$(o- ,- lo$ "lu!*o$ ;,$ , l, $u(&-"!%!&.

L, $um, *& l,$ ( -*!*,$ *& &'&-+ , &' "o-m, *& (-&$!4' &' %,*, %om(o'&' & &$!+u,l , l, ( -*!*, o ,l &$ *&%!- , l, *!"&-&'%!, &' -& l, (-&$!4' *& (,- !*,P +

l, (-&$!4' "!',l *&l $!$ &m, l, %u,l &$ l, (-&$!4' *&l $&(,-,*o-P+ *.

P + P+ * P? P P* P

E' *o'*&

P? P + P ;+ C, *, *& (-&$!4' &' &l ,%!m!&' o 5IPR6P P ;+ P ; C, *, *& (-&$!4' &' l, %om(l& ,%!o' 5Bo'&$ @lou' G,)&6P* P ; P 8 C, *, *& (-&$!4' &' &l (o)o 5F=T 9&- !%,l6.P P 8 P+ * C, *, *& (-&$!4' &' l, l '&, *& "lujo 5F=T ;o-!)o' ,l6.

P,-, (-&*&%!- &l %om(o- ,m!&' o *&l $!$ &m, $& %,l%ul, l, %, *, *& (-&$%,*, %om(o'&' &. E$ & (-o%&*!m!&' o %om(-&'*& l, ,$!+',%!4' *& 'o*o$ &9,-!,$ *& l,$ (o$!%!o'&$ %l,9&$ *&' -o *&l $!$ &m,.

E' &$ o$ 'o*o$ $& &9,l , l,$ ( -*!*,$ *& (-&$!4' *& o*o &l $!$ &m, $u *!9!*!-lo &' *o$ (,- &$ o*o$ lo$ %om(o'&' &$ ,+u,$ ,--! , *&l 'o*o $o'*&'om!',*o$ %omo &linflow&m!&' -,$ /u& o*o$ lo$ %om(o'&' &$ ,+u,$ , ,jo*&l 'o*o $o' *&'om!',*o$ %omo &l outflow *&l $!$ &m,.


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U', 9&) &l 'o*o &$ $&l&%%!o',*o l, (-&$!4' &' &l 'o*o &$ %,l%ul,*, &' ,m ,$*!-&%%!o'&$ &m(&),'*o %o' l,$ (-&$!o'&$ /u& $o' "!j,$.

E' -,*, ,l 'o*o 5 inflow 6 S,l!*, *&l 'o*o 5 outflow 6

L, %, *, *& (-&$!4' 9,- , %o' &l %,u*,l( (,-, %u,l/u!&- %om(o'&' &. Po- lo,' o u' +-#"!%o *& l, (-&$!4' &' &l 'o*o 9&-$u$ &l %,u*,l +&'&-,-# *o$ %u-9,$ l,

%u#l&$ $& !' &-%&( ,-#' &' u' (u' o &$(&% "!%o *& %,u*,l (-&$!4' &' &l 'o*o&l %u,l &l $!$ &m, (-o*u%!-#.

G":; # 11.P-&$!4' &' &l No*o 9$ C,u*,l

F ,- . >IRSC>FELDT =,-%&lo. A'#l!$!$ *& u' S!$ &m, *& P-o*u%%!4' A'#l!$No*,l. 2010.


56/172

.2NODOS UTILIZADOS

E !$ &' *!"&-&' &$ 'o*o$ /u& $o' +&'&-,lm&' & u !l!),*o$ (,-, *&$,--oll,- &

,'#l!$!$ No*,l ,u'/u& &' &o- , &l ,'#l!$!$ No*,l (u&*& $&- u !l!),*o &%u,l/u!&- (,- & *&l $!$ &m, *& (-o*u%%!4'.

G":; # 12.P-!'%!(,l&$ No*o$ u !l!),*o$ &' &l A'#l!$!$ No*,l

F ,- . =o*!"!%,*o *& >IRSC>FELDT =,-%&lo. A'#l!$!$ *& u' S!$ &m, *P-o*u%%!4' A'#l!$!$ No*,l. 2010.

L, $&l&%%!4' *&l 'o*o , u !l!),- (,-, *&$,--oll,- &l ,'#l!$!$ No*,l *&l $!$ &m*&(&'*& +-,'*&m&' & *&l %om(o'&' & *&l $!$ &m, /u& $& *&$&, &9,lu,- (&(o$!%!4' *& &-# $&- ,l /u& mu&$ -& *& l, m&jo- m,'&-, (o$! l& l, -&$(u&$$!$ &m, , u', $&-!& *& %o'*!%!o'&$ (,-, /u& %omo -&$ul ,*o "!',l $& &'+, u'&9,lu,%!4' o ,l *&l (-o l&m, *,'*o ,$ u', $olu%!4' %o'"!, l&.


57/172

.2.1 N&'& , P" + 9, ' F&,'& F ? ,'&

E$ & 'o*o &$ &l m#$ u !l!),*o &l 'o*o &$ # u !%,*o &' &l !' &-9,lo (&-"o-,*o

"o'*o *&l (o)o. E' &$ & 'o*o $& *!9!*& &l $!$ &m, &' *o$ %om(o'&' &$,%!m!&' o $&-!, &l !'"lo: l, $,- , *& (-o*u%%!4' ju' o %o' l, l '&, *& "lujo

$&(,-,*o- $o' &l o -o %om(o'&' & &l ou "lo: *&l $!$ &m,.

Entrada al Nodo 'Inflow()

S,l!*, *&l No*o 5Outflow 6

P,-, *&$,--oll,- l, +-#"!%, *& A'#l!$!$ No*,l &$ '&%&$,-!o ll&9,- , %, o &l

$!+u!&' & (-o%&*!m!&' o7

I. Co'$ -u!- l, %u-9, IPR ,(-o(!,*,.

II. Su(o'&- 9,-!,$ ,$,$ *& "lujo o &'&- l, (-&$!4' *& %, &), '&%&$,-!,(,-, ll&9,- lo$ "lu!*o$ , -,9 $ *& l, l '&, *& "lujo ;o-!)o' ,l ;,$ , &l$&(,-,*o- (o- lo ,' o %o'o%&- l,$ (-&$!o'&$ *& &' -,*, , l, u &- , *&(-o*u%%!4' -&/u&-!*,$.

III. U$,'*o l,$ m!$m,$ ,$,$ *& "lujo $u(u&$ ,$ &' &l (,$o II l,$%o--&$(o'*!&' &$ (-&$!o'&$ *& %, &), $& *& &-m!',' (-&$!o'&$ &' -,*, , l, u &- , *& (-o*u%%!4' -&/u&-!*,$ , (,- !- *& l,$ %o--&l,%!o'&*& "lujo mul !"#$!%o ,(-o(!,*o.

7 =ESA A*-!,', FONSECA A', E$ u*!o No*,l (,-, O( !m!),- &l Flujo *& Po)o$ P-o*u% o-&$ &I' &% o-&$ *&l C,m(o S,' !,+o T&$!$ 2010. (. 31


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I . S& -&(-&$&' , +-#"!%,m&' & l,$ (-&$!o'&$ *& &' -,*, *& l, u &-(-o*u%%!4' %o' -, l,$ ,$,$ $u(u&$ ,$ &' l, +-#"!%, *& IPR. El (u' o &'*o'*& $& !' &-%&( ,' ,m ,$ %u-9,$ *& &-m!', l, ,$, , l, %u,l &l (o)o

(-o*u%!-# %o' &l $!$ &m, *& u &- ,$ ,% u,l.

.2.2 N&'& , C#$ K# ' P&K&

El 'o*o $& u !%, &' &l #- ol *& ',9!*,* &' &$ & %,$o &l $&(,-,*o- l, l '&, "lujo $& %o'$!*&-,' %omo u' '!%o %om(o'&' & $!&'*o &$ & &l !'"lo: *&l $!$ &

&l ,%!m!&' o l, $,- , *& (-o*u%%!4' %omo &l o -o %om(o'&' & *&l $!$ &*&%!- &l ou "lo:.

Entrada al Nodo 'Inflow()

S,l!*, *&l No*o 5Outflow 6

Nu&9,m&' & $& -&,l!), &l (-o%&*!m!&' o %omo &' &l 'o*o ,' &-!o- (,-, *& &-m&l %,u*,l %o' &l %u,l (-o*u%!-# &l (o)o %o' l,$ ,% u,l&$ %o'*!%!o'&$. A$ /u!&-& &9,lu,- &l *&$&m(&Ko *&l (o)o ,l %,m !,- l, l '&, *& "lujo *& $u(&-"!%!&u', *& m, o- *!#m& -o $& *& & ;,%&- &l ,'#l!$!$ 'o*,l &' &l 'o*o *&l %;oJ& o *(-&$!4' &' %, &), o &' &l o -o & -&mo *& l, l '&, *& "lujo &$ *&%!- &' *& (-&$!4' &' &l $&(,-,*o-.

E' &l %,$o *& %,-+, *& l /u!*o$ &l ,'#l!$!$ 'o*,l &$ u', ;&--,m!&' , mu !l (,-,*& &-m!',- $! u' (o)o &$ , %,-+#'*o$& %o' l /u!*o$ ,',l!),- lo$ (o$! l&$%,m !o$ /u& $& (u&*&' ;,%&- , l, $,- , *& (-o*u%%!4' (,-, &9! ,- /u& &$ o (,$&


59/172

P,-, *&$,--oll,- l, o( !m!),%!4' *& u' (o)o (,-, &9! ,- l, %,-+, *& l /u!*o$ $&u !l!),' *o$ 'o*o$ &' &$(&%!"!%o (,-, ,',l!),- l, u &- , *& (-o*u%%!4' &$ o$ $olo$ 'o*o$ 3 < &$ *&%!- lo$ 'o*o$ &' l, (-&$!4' &' %, &), *& (o)o (-&$!4' *&

wellbore "lu &'*o -&$(&% !9,m&' & , /u& &' &$ o$ *o$ 'o*o$ &$ (oo $&-9,- l,$ 9,-!,%!o'&$ &' &l (o &'%!,l *& (-o*u%%!4' *&l (o)o ,l 9,-!,- ,l+ '%om(o'&' & *& l, $,- , *& (-o*u%%!4'.

El &"&% o *&l %,m !o &' %u,l/u!&- %om(o'&' & (u&*& $&- ,',l!),*o -&%,l%ul, (-&$!4' &' &l 'o*o 9&-$u$ &l %,u*,l u$,'*o l,$ 'u&9,$ %,-,% &- $ !%,$ *&%om(o'&' & /u& "u& %,m !,*o.

A$ (o- &j&m(lo %omo $& (u&*& o $&-9,- &' l, +-,"!%, ,l 9,-!,- &l *!#m& -ou &- , *& (-o*u%%!4' D1 (o- u', ]*& m, o- *!#m& -o D2 $& mo*!"!%, l, %u-

outflow &l (o)o (-o*u%!-# , u' %,u*,l m, o- (&-o %o' u', 9&lo%!*,* m&'o-lu&+o &$ '&%&$,-!o *& &-m!',- $! &l 'u&9o %,u*,l (-o*u%!*o &$ m&'o- /u&%,u*,l %-! !%o '&%&$,-!o (,-, &9! ,- l, %,-+, *& l /u!*o$

G"#; # 1=. ,-!,%!4' &' l, Cu-9, *& Inflow Outflow ,l 9,-!,- &l D!#m& -o *& l,Tu &- ,



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G-,%!,$ ,l ,'#l!$!$ 'o*,l &$ (o$! l& %,l%ul,- lo$ &"&% o$ (-o*u%!*o$ ,l -&&m(l&l *!#m& -o *& l, u &- , *& (-o*u%%!4' (o- u'o m#$ (&/u&Ko *& &-m!'u&9o %,u*,l (-o*u%!*o $! &$ & &$ m&'o- /u& &l %,u*,l %- !%o '&%&$,-

&9! ,- l, %,-+, *& l /u!*o$ ,*&m#$ &$ (o$! l& *& &-m!',- &l '!9&l 4( !m%,u*,l '&%&$,-!o (,-, /u& $& (-o*u)%, u' m '!mo *& %,-+, *& l /u!*o$ , l, 9&)u', m '!m, (&-*!*, *& (-&$!4' *& !*o , l, "-!%%!4' (-o*u%!*, (o- l, 9&lo%!*,* *&l+,$ "lu &'*o , -,9 $ *& l, u &- ,.

.3TUBING PERFORMANCE CURVE (TPC)

S! $& &$%o+& &l "o'*o *&l (o)o %omo &l 'o*o &' o'%&$ &' l, +-#"!%, *& ,'#No*,l &linflow &$ ,-# -&(-&$&' ,*o (o- &l IPR &l ou "lo: *&l $!$ &m, $&TPC o ,m ! ' %o'o%!*o %omo &l LP 5 &- !%,l L!" P&-"o-m,'%& 6. L, %(-&$!4' &' &l tubing o u &- , *& (-o*u%%!4' &$ l, $um, *& l, (-&$!4' &'$u(&-"!%!& l, (-&$!4' *& l, %olum', ;!*-o$ # !%, 5l, %u,l &$ # %om(u&$ ,l /u!*o ,%umul,*o &' l, u &- , &l (&$o *&l +,$6 l, ( -*!*, *& "-!%%o%,$!o',*, (o- &l "lujo *& lo$ "lu!*o$ , -,9 $ *&l (o)o *&$*& &l "o'*o ;,$ , l,$u(&-"!%!&.

L, +-#"!%, 13 mu&$ -, &l TPC $& (u&*&' o $&-9,- -&$ %u-9,$ *o$ %(u' &,*,$ /u& -&(-&$&' ,' &l %,m !o *& (-&$!4' *& !*o , l, "-!%%!4' , l, %,-+*& l /u!*o$ -&$(&% !9,m&' & l, %u-9, &' '&+-!ll, -&(-&$&' , l, $um, *&(-&$!o'&$ *& l,$ *o$ %u-9,$ (u' &,*,$ &$ *&%!- l,$ (-&$!o'&$ *& !*o , l, "-!%%

, l, %,-+, *& l /u!*o$ m,$ l, (-&$!4' &' $u(&-"!%!& &$ , %u-9, &$ ,m

%o'o%!*, %omo %u-9, B. E' l, %u-9, *& (-&$!4' *& !*o , l, "-!%%!4' l, (-&$!4' 9,um&' ,'*o %o' &l %,u*,l *&$(u $ *& %!&- o (u' o *& !*o , /u& 9, ,um&' ,'*ol, 9&lo%!*,* *& "lujo (o- &llo ,um&' ,' l,$ ( -*!*,$ *& (-&$!4' *& !*o , l,"-!%%!4' , lo l,-+o *& l, u &- , *& (-o*u%%!4'.


61/172

E' l, %u-9, *& (-&$!4' *& !*o ,l l /u!*o ,%umul,*o 5liquid holdup 6 l, (-&$!4' 9,*!$m!'u &'*o %o' &l ,um&' o *&l %,u*,l *& !*o , /u& , m&*!*, /u& ,um&' , &l%,u*,l lo ;,%& ,m ! ' l, 9&lo%!*,* *& "lujo ,l &$ ,- (o- &'%!m, *& l, 9&lo%

%- !%, %,-+,-# o*o &l l /u!*o ;,$ , l, $u(&-"!%!& l, %olum', ;!*-o$+&'&-,*, (o- &l l /u!*o ,%umul,*o !-# *&$,(,-&%!&'*o ,l !+u,l /u& l, (-&$!4'o%,$!o',*, (o- &$ , %olum', *& l /u!*o.

G":; # 1


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A l, !)/u!&-*, *&l (u' o 4( !mo l, ,$, *& "lujo &$ ,j, l,$ ( -*!*,$ *& (-&$!4'&$ #' *om!',*,$ (o- l, (-&$!4' ;!*-o$ # !%, +&'&-,*, (o- l, %,-+, *& l /u!*o$. E'&l & -&mo !)/u!&-*o *& l, %u-9, B &l "lu!*o &$ ,-# &' - +!m&' *& "lujo

m!&' -,$ /u& &' l, (,- & !)/u!&-*, *& l, %u-9, %&-%, ,l (u' o 4( !mo &l "lu&$ ,-# &' - +!m&' *& "lujo ,%;& &' &$ & - +!m&' &l "lujo (&-m,'&%&-# *&!'&$ , l& , /u& (o-%!o'&$ *& lo$ ,%;&$ *& "lu!*o 9ol9&-#' , %,&- ,' &$ ,l%,'),- l, $u(&-"!%!& &'*-#' /u& $&- l&9,' ,*o$ (o- &l $!+u!&' & ,%;&.

E' l, m, o- , *& lo$ %,$o$ $& ,$um& /u& &l "lujo &' l, (,- & !)/u!&-*, *&l m '!mo*& l, %u-9, B o (u' o 4( !mo &$ "lujo !'&$ , l& %o'll&9,-# , (-o l&m,$ *& %,

*& l /u!*o$ ,l %omo $& (u&*& o $&-9,- &' l, +-#"!%, 1 . Po- &l %o' -,-!o(,- & *&-&%;, *&l (u' o 4( !mo $& ,$um& /u& lo$ %,u*,l&$ *& (-o*u%%!4' &$ , l&$ lo $u"!%!&' &m&' & ,l o$ (,-, -,'$(o- ,- lo$ l /u!*o$ ;,$ , l, $u(&-"S!' &m ,-+o &$ & m o*o (,-, *& &-m!',- $! u' (o)o &$ , o 'o %,-+#'*o$& %ol /u!*o$ &$ !'& ,% o (o- lo %u,l $& ;,%& '&%&$,-!o u !l!),- l, %u-9, IPR o &'&- -&$ul ,*o$ m#$ (-&%!$o$.

G":; # 1 .Cu-9, TPC mo$ -,'*o lo$ R&+ m&'&$ *& Flujo



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. AN4LISIS DEL TUBING PERFORMANCE CURVE (TPC) CON EL INFLO7PERFORMANCE RELATIONSHIP (IPR)

Cu,'*o $& +-#"!%, l, %u-9, *& TPC l, %u-9, IPR $& &'*-# (o- lo +&'&-,l u',+-,"!%, %omo l, mo$ -,*, &' l, %u,l $& &'*-#' *o$ (u' o$ &' lo$ %u,l&$ $&!' &-%&( ,' ,m ,$ %u-9,$.

E$ o$ *o$ (u' o$ $o' l,$ (-&$!o'&$ %,u*,l&$ (o &'%!,l&$ *& o(&-,%!4' /u& !&&l (o)o $!' &m ,-+o $olo &l (u' o /u& $& !' &-%&( , , l, *&-&%;, *& l, m '!m, &$ -&,lm&' & (o$! l& *& %o'$&+u!- , /u& &$ # o(&-,'*o , %o'*!%!o

&$ , l&$ &$ o &$ $& m,' !&'& , u', ,$, (-&$!4' %o'$ ,' & o %,$! %o'$o$%!l,'*o &' -& lo$ (u' o$ C D , -,9 $ *&l !&m(o.

G":; # 1 . A'#l!$!$ *& l, E$ , !l!*,* *& Flujo



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L, o(&-,%!4' &' &$ ,*o &$ , l& o%u--& *& !*o , /u& , ' %u,'*o &l %,u*,l *&o(&-,%!4' ,um&' & o *!$m!'u , *&l %,u*,l *& o(&-,%!4' 'o-m,l 5&$ *&%!-

%,u*,l &' &l %u,l $& !' &-%&( ,' l,$ %u-9,$ *&l TPC &l IPR6 &l (o)o 9ol9&-# ,%o'*!%!o'&$ *& o(&-,%!4' 'o-m,l.

A$ (o- &j&m(lo $ &l (o)o ,um&' , $u %,u*,l ;,$ , &l (u' o D ,um&' ,-# l,(-&$!4' &' l, %,-, *& l, ,-&', *&l ,%!m!&' o lo %u,l %o'$&+u!-# /u& &l %,u*,l *"lujo *!$m!'u , ;,$ , &l (u' o *& &$ , !l!*,* &' *o'*& $& %-u),' ,m ,$ %u-9,$.D& !+u,l "o-m, $ &l %,u*,l *!$m!'u & &m(o-,lm&' & ;,$ , &l (u' o C l, %,

*& (-&$!4' &' l, u &- , *!$m!'u & lo+-,'*o *!$m!'u!- l, (-&$!4' &' l, %,-, *& l,,-&', *&l ,%!m!&' o (-o(!%!,'*o u' !'%-&m&' o &' &l %,u*,l ;,$ , ll&9,-lo'u&9,m&' & ,l (u' o *& &$ , !l!*,*.

S! &' %,m !o &l (o)o $& &'%u&' -, &' &l (u' o A l, (-&$!4' &' l, %,-, *& l,-&', $& !'%-&m&' , *& !*o , u' & %&$o *& l /u!*o$ ,%umul#'*o$& &' l, u &&l !'%-&m&' o &' l, (-&$!4' +&'&-, u', *!m!'u%!4' *&l %,u*,l *& "lujo lo %u,l lo+-,,um&' ,- , ' m#$ l, (-&$!4' &' &l ,%!m!&' o -&(! ! '*o$& &l %!%lo ;,$ , /u& (o)o mu&-&. D& l, m!$m, "o-m, o%u--& $! &l (o)o $& &'%u&' -, &' &l (u' o @.

D& &$ , "o-m, &l (u' o *& !' &-$&%%!4' &' -& l, %u-9, IPR &l TPC , l, *&*&l m '!mo o (u' o 4( !mo *& l, %u-9, B -&(-&$&' , u', %o'*!%!4' *& "lujo &$ ,*o'*& lo$ l /u!*o$ $o' &"&% !9,m&' & -,'$(o- ,*o$ , l, $u(&-"!%!& , l, !)/u!&-*&l m '!mo -&(-&$&' , u', %o'*!%!4' !'&$ , l& *o'*& &l (o)o $& %,-+, *

l /u!*o$ (-o+-&$!9,m&' & ;,$ , /u& "!',lm&' & &l (o)o mu&-&.


65/172

METODOLOGIA DESARROLLADA PARA MANTENER LOS POZOS DEGAS SIN CARGA DE LÍ!UIDOS

P,-, m,' &'&- u' (o)o *& +,$ *&$;!*-, ,*o &$ o &$ $!' %,-+, *& l /u!*o$,%umul#'*o$& &' l, u &- , *& (-o*u%%!4' &$ '&%&$,-!o *&$,--oll,- &l ,'#l!$No*,l (,-, o( !m!),- &l $!$ &m, *& (-o*u%%!4' *&l (o)o *& mo*o /u& &$$!&m(-& "lu &'*o , u', 9&lo%!*,* m, o- /u& l, 9&lo%!*,* %- !%,.

S!' &m ,-+o &$ o 'o &$ $!&m(-& (o$! l& , /u& *!%;o ,'#l!$!$ &$ # l!m! ,*o ,*!#m& -o$ *& u &- , /u& ;, *!$(o'! l& &' l, !'*u$ -!, &$ &' o'%&$ %u,'*o

;,%& '&%&$,-!o &l u !l!),- ,l+u', &%'olo+ , (,-, m,' &'&- , lo$ (o)o$*&$;!*-, ,*o$ *& &$ , "o-m, &9! ,- l, %,-+, *& l /u!*o$ l,$ %o'$&%u&'%!,$ &$ o %o'll&9,.

P,-, lo+-,- &$ o ;&mo$ *&$,--oll,*o u', m& o*olo+ , (,-, *& &-m!',- $! u' (o)o(u&*& (-&$&' ,- (-o l&m,$ *& %,-+, *& l /u!*o$ $! &$ & &$ &l %,$o &'o( !m!),- l,$ l '&,$ *& "lujo. E$ & *!,+-,m, *& "lujo &$ # ,$,*o &' u',m& o*olo+ , *&$,--oll,*, (o- &l Co'%&jo (,-, l, I'9&$ !+,%!4' D&$,--ollo *&L&9,' ,m!&' o A- !"!%!,l ALRDC.

E$ , m& o*olo+ , $& ,$, &' &l %#l%ulo *&l %,u*,l %- !%o l, %om(,-,%!4' %,u*,l ,l %u,l "lu!-# &l (o)o *&(&'*!&'*o *& /u %,u*,l $&, m, o- $& ;,%& &,'#l!$!$ (,-, &l %,m !o *&l *!#m& -o *& (-o*u%%!4' (o- u'o m&'o- $! &l (o)o ,$ lo-&/u!&-& o $! 'o $& &$ # %,-+,'*o %o' l /u!*o$ $& ,',l!), $! &$ (o$! l& u !l!),- um, o- *!#m& -o (,-, *& &$ , "o-m, ,um&' ,- &l %,u*,l *& (-o*u%%!4' $!&m(-&%u,'*o &$ o 'o +&'&-& (-o l&m,$ *& %,-+, *& l /u!*o$.

8 Co'%&jo (,-, l, I'9&$ !+,%!4' D&$,--ollo *&l L&9,' ,m!&' o A- !"!%!,l ALRDC. D!$(o'! l& &I' &-'& ; ( :::.,l-*%.%om (-o*u% !o'

http://www.alrdc.com/production/http://www.alrdc.com/production/


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G"#; # 1 .D!,+-,m, *& Flujo (,-, m,' &'&- lo$ (o)o$ *& +,$ *&$;!*-, ,*o$.

F ,- . Au o-&$ ,$,*, &' l, +u , *& $&l&%%!4' (,-, *&$;!*-, ,- (o)o$ *& +,$*& ALRDC. D!$(o'! l& &' !' &-'& &'; ( :::.,l-*%.%om -&%omm&'*, !o'$

G,$ ̂ 20 &ll^20D&l!/u!"!%, !o' !'*& .; mC! ,*o &' 2011 12 0?

http://www.alrdc.com/recommendationshttp://www.alrdc.com/recommendations


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P,-, %om(-&'*&- m&jo- l, m& o*olo+ , 9,mo$ , *&$,--oll,- u' &j&m(lo (,-, u'(o)o *& +,$ %o'9&'%!o',l &' &l %u,l $& l& ;, &"&% u,*o u', (-u& , mul !"lujo

T#$ # 1.D, o$ *&l (o)o &j&m(lo.

T#$ # 2.D, o$ *& T&$ Po!'Presión de yacimiento = 4750

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4 00 !"45#$00 % "## 40 %5"

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68/172

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Lo$ *, o$ (,-, l, %o'$ -u%%!4' *& l,$ %u-9,$ *&inflow outflow (,-, &l *&$,--ollo*&l ,'#l!$!$ No*,l $& (-&$&' ,' &' &l A'& o A.


69/172

G"#; # 1 . A'#l!$!$ G-#"!%o *&l 'o*o &' l, (-&$!4' *& "o'*o "lu &'*o 5P:"6 (,-,&l (o)o &j&m(lo.

F ,- . Au o-&$

&mo$ /u& &l $!$ &m, %o- , &' u' (u' o &$(&%!"!%o *& l,$ *o$ %u-9,$ &(u' o &l %,u*,l &$ *& 8000 =$%" *. E$ & $&-# &l %,u*,l ,l %u,l "lu!-# &l

A;o-, $& %om(,-, %o' &l %,u*,l %- !%o

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El (o)o (-&$&' ,-# %,-+, *& l /u!*o$ lu&+o &$ '&%&$,-!o -&9!$,- &l *!#m& -ou &- , *& (-o*u%%!4' -&&m(l,),-l, (o- u', *& m&'o- *!#m& -o *& mo*o /u&

%,u*,l ,um&' & $&, m, o- ,l %,u*,l %- !%o.


70/172

G":; # 20. A'#l!$!$ *&l %,m !o *& u &- , (o- u', *& m&'o- *!#m& -o.

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Como $& (u&*& %om(-o ,- &l 'u&9o %,u*,l *& o(&-,%!4' $&-# m, o- /u& %,u*,l %- !%o (o- lo ,' o 'o $& (-&$&' ,-#' (-o l&m,$ *& %,-+, *& l /u!*o$

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M TODOS UTILIZADOS PARA EFECTUAR LA DESHIDRATACIÓN DELOS POZOS DE GAS

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Well Deliquification Foam Lift Beam Pumps

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