Welcome to Unit 4 Seminar!. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slid e 2...

Welcome to Unit Welcome to Unit 4 4

Seminar!Seminar!

Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Slide 2

Components of the Components of the Integumentary SystemIntegumentary System

Skin and accessory organs:◦Hair◦Nails◦Glands◦Skin layers◦Dermis◦Epidermis◦Subcutaneous layer


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Common Skin Condition Common Skin Condition Symptoms Symptoms

cutaneous lesions or eruptionspruritis (itching)painedema (swelling)erythema (redness)inflammation


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A Few Common Skin A Few Common Skin LesionsLesionsmaculeplaquecystpustulescaleburrow

papulenodulevesiclecrustfissurecomedo

Common Diseases of the Common Diseases of the SkinSkinDermatitis – inflammation of the skin

Pruritus, erythema, & cutaneous lesions

Acute, subacute, or chronic.

Seborrheic dermatitisContact dermatitisAtopic dermatitis (eczema)

Common Diseases of the Common Diseases of the Skin Skin (cont’d.)(cont’d.)

The differences between seborrheic dermatitis and contact dermatitis:

◦seborrheic dermatitis – idiopathic condition resulting in overproduction of sebum

◦contact dermatitis – localized redness and swelling caused by an irritant or allergen. Inherited and family history of allergic

conditions

Common Diseases of the Common Diseases of the Skin Skin

Acne vulgaris: an inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles

Herpes zoster (shingles): an acute inflammatory dermatomal eruption of painful vesicles.

Chickenpox is a precursor to shingles.Both are caused by the herpes

varicella-zoster virus

Psoriasis Psoriatic Nail Psoriasis Psoriatic Nail Dystrophy Dystrophy

Common Diseases of Common Diseases of the Skin the Skin Impetigo: contagious, superficial skin

infection. Cause: streptococcus or staphylococcus aureus.◦Lesions : legs, face, trunk, and arms.

Spread easily.◦Small vesicles surrounded by a circle of

reddened skin & pruritus.

Cellulitis: acute, diffuse, bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Produce enzymes that break down the skin cells.


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Dermatophytoses ( page Dermatophytoses ( page 250-251)250-251)Fungal infection of the skin:

Tinea capitisTinea corporis (ringworm)Tinea unguium Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)Tinea cruris (jock itch)

Other Diseases of the SkinOther Diseases of the Skin

Decubitis ulcers (bed sores): localized areas of dead skin

- Impaired blood supply to the area

Early signs – shiny, red area over a bony prominence

Other signs – blisters, erosions, necrosis, ulceration.

Osteomyelitis and/or gangrene may result

Benign TumorsBenign Tumors

Seborrheic keratosis: benign growths originating in the epidermis. ( pasted onto the skin).

Dermatofibroma: benign, asymptomatic growths that can be found anywhere on the body.

Achrochordon (skin tag): common benign skin growths found mainly on the axilla, neck, and inguinal areas of the body


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Premalignant TumorsPremalignant Tumors

Actinic keratosis: common pre-malignant lesions found on sun-exposed areas of the body

Indications: an area of rough, vascular skin, which later forms a yellow crust.

Skin Carcinomas Skin Carcinomas Non-melanoma skin cancers

◦Basal cell carcinoma (BCC)◦Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)◦Destruction of nerves, lymphatics,

blood vessels, bones and cartilages

Malignant melanomasThe ABCs of malignant melanoma P.262:

A = asymmetry B = border C = color D = diameter

Copyright 2005 © by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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The Muscular SystemThe Muscular System


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Fibromyalgia Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia: a chronic pain condition associated with stiffness and tenderness that affects muscles, tendons, and joints throughout the body. The cause is unknown.

• Eighteen tender points used in diagnosis• Treatment options• Stress reduction• Physical activity• Medications

FibromyalgiaFibromyalgia

www.mc.edu/campus/users/jbaker/mariannaspage.html


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The Skeletal The Skeletal SystemSystem


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Skeletal tissueSkeletal tissue

Ligaments: tough, dense, fibrous bands of connective tissue that hold bones together

Tendons: strong, tough cords of dense connective tissue that usually attach muscle to bone

Cartilage: semi-smooth, dense, supporting connective tissue

Major Spinal Disorders Major Spinal Disorders

Lordosis: an exaggerated inward curvature of the spine

Kyphosis: an abnormal outward curvature of the spine

Scoliosis: a lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine

ScoliosisScoliosis

www.nlm.nih.gov/.../ency/imagepages/www.nlm.nih.gov/.../ency/imagepages/19466.htm19466.htm

Treatment OptionsTreatment Options◦Lordosis : weight loss; exercises to

strengthen abdomen; pelvic tilt exercises

Kyphosis: exercises to strengthen muscles and ligaments; back brace to stabilize condition; spinal fusion and temporary immobilization; vertebroplasty

Scoliosis: exercise to strengthen weak muscles ;back brace; fusion of the vertebrae

OsteomyelitisOsteomyelitis

www.nlm.nih.gov/.../ency/imagepages/9712.htm

serious infection of bone that requires aggressive antibiotic treatment

Caused by bacterial organisms, viruses, and fungi

Characterized by inflammation, swelling, redness, pain, localized heat, and tenderness

OsteomalaciaOsteomalaciaa defective mineralization of the

bones, causing them to become soft, flexible, and deformed

Rickets: osteomalacia in children. Affects the growing skeleton.

Treatment: ◦ vitamin D supplements◦ add vitamin D, calcium, and calcitonin to diet◦ exposure to sunlight

What Disease/Condition What Disease/Condition Am I?Am I?

Welcome to Unit 4 Seminar!. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slid e 2...

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