Welcome to the 3rd Generation
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Transcript of Welcome to the 3rd Generation
Welcome to The 3rd Welcome to The 3rd Generation Generation
Mobile System Sharing Mobile System Sharing SessionSession
GSM frequency allocations
GSM-900 Uplink Downlink
915 MHz890 MHz 935 MHz 960 MHz
GSM-1800 Uplink Downlink
1785 MHz1710 MHz 1805 MHz 1880 MHz
3G.IP
OHG
Specification Bodies
UMTS
IMT-2000 frequency allocations2200 MHz20001900 1950 2050 2100 21501850
JapanIMT-2000PHS IMT-2000
ITU
Mob
ile
Sate
llit
eIMT-2000 IMT-2000
EuropeUMTS(FDD)DEC
T
UM
TS
(TD
D)
GSM1800 U
MTS
(T
DD
) UMTS(FDD)
USA
PCS
unlic
ense
d
PCSPCS
UM
TS
(TD
D)
IMT-
2000
(T
DD
)
Mob
ile
Sate
llit
e
Mob
ile
Sate
llit
e
Mob
ile
Sate
llit
e
Mob
ile
Sate
llit
e
Mob
ile
Sate
llit
e
Mob
ile
Sate
llit
e
Mob
ile
Sate
llit
e
• GSM evolves to meet new needs with higher data rates.
GSM Evolution to MultimediaData Rates
• EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution)
- ECSD and EGPRS- 3-fold increase in data transfer
capability• GSM data evolution provides
- A natural growth path to WCDMA- An alternative for WCDMA
Throughput in kbit/s per single radio timeslot
0
20
40
60
GSM Data HSCSD GPRS ECSD EGPRS
HSCSD GPRS ECSD EGPRS 9.6-14.4 kbps WCDMA
Americas: GSM
EDGE
China: GSMEDGE,
WCDMA
SEAP: GSMEDGE,
WCDMA
Korea: CDMA
Japan: WCDMA
Europe: GSMEDGE,
WCDMA
3G globally
CDMA theory
Spreading and sharing the same space
ff
ff
User AUser A
User BUser B
DataData Data afterData afterspreadingspreading
PP
PP
TransmissionTransmissionover the airover the air
DespreadDespreadUser A signalUser B signalat the receiverat the receiver
ff
ff
ff ff
P
P
P P
Sharing the frequency by using different codes
Codes
Power (P)
Time
Frequency
Admission Control
R ad io A cce ss B ea re rsin U u Inte rface
S IR - A llo w e d R a n geA d m iss ion C o n tro l
Interference Margin (dB) and Load Factor
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Load Factor
Inte
rfere
nce
Mar
gin
(dB)
FactorLoad
LogI_1
110
TRHO_thresholdPrx_target
Prx_target_BS
UL interference power
Load
Planned load area
Marginal load area
planned uplink interference power
Defines the limit (the first UL overload threshold) for the UL interference power, after which the BTSBTS starts its load control actions to prevent overload.
Prx_offset
Uplink Admission Control
Prx_target defines the optimal operating point of the cell interfernce power, up to which the Admission Control of the RNC
can operate.
The restriction of CDMA system is interference
The more transmission poweris required to achieve certain quality
The further away users are connected
The more users that are connected
Finally the capacity is filled
Soft capacity
Equally loaded cells Less load in the neighboring cells
• Because of mobility and traffic variations there can be different loadings in neighboring cells.
• Intelligent RRM can utilize the soft capacity and "borrow the interference limited capacity" from less loaded cells.
The planned coverage is guaranteed in both cases
Enabled by accurate RT load measurements
Where are codes used?
In the Uplink (UE Node B), the user's data and signalling information is
separated by Channelisation Codes
datasignalling
In the Downlink (NodeBUE), cells are
seperated by Scrambling Codes
In the Uplink (UE Node B), terminals are separated by
Scrambling Codes
In the Downlink (Node B UE), user connections are separated by
Channelisation Codes
Dedicated User Channel
Channel Coding
TxRAKE Air interface
Signalling Data
Call set-up,SMS etc.messages
Voice, videoand other user data
Channels
Radio FramingSpreading &
Channelisation
Scrambling
Modulation
Code sets
Prim ary Scram bling Code
Secondary Scram bling C ode #1
Secondary Scram bling C ode #2
Secondary S cram bling C ode #15
C hann elisatio n C od e S et (256 C odes)
C hann elisatio n C od e S et (256 C odes)
C hann elisatio n C od e S et (256 C odes)
C hann elisatio n C od e S et (256 C odes)
Prim ary Scram bling Code
Secondary S cram bling Code #1
Secondary S cram bling Code #2
Secondary Scram bling C ode #15
C hann elisatio n C od e S et (256 C odes)
C hann elisatio n C od e S et (256 C odes)
C hann elisatio n C od e S et (256 C odes)
C hann elisatio n C od e S et (256 C odes)
- 5 12 C ode S ets x 16 S c ra m b lin g C od es = 81 92 C o des n um be re d from 0 .. . 81 9 1 a vailab le
Code Division Multiple Access
Area type Dense Urban
Urban Suburb Rural
Speech 92 93 95 95 %144 kb/s NRT 85 85 85 85 %GSM1800 speech 85 85 85 85 %Cell range 1 1.6 2.3 5.2 km
Factors affecting cell size include:
Frequency band - 2000MHz much higher than GSM networks.
Traffic types - WCDMA user data rates drop off as the user moves further away from the Node B
User levels - Demand for mobile services will increase, leading to much greater user densities
Fast Data Users
Voice and Slow Data
Users
average projected coverage
WCDMA Cell Coverage
HSDPA Release 5
• AMC, adaptative modulation and coding 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation used in good radio link conditions
• Automatic Retransmission Query (ARQ) as error detection mechanism provides efficient retransmissons
• support for services requiring high data rates in downlink, e.g. Internet browsing and video on demand.
• High data rates up to 14Mbit/s
UE FDD power classesWCDMA FDD Power Class
Maximum output power
Tolerance
Power class 1 33dBm (2W) +1dB/-3dBPower class 2 27dBm (0.5W) +1dB/-3dBPower class 3 24dBm (0.25W) +1dB/-3dBPower class 4 21dBm (0.125W ) +/-2dB
Note: The maximum output power of FDD PCs 2 till 4 is smaller compared to GSM because of continuoustransmission instead of non-continuous transmission of GSM. The maximum transmission power determines thecell radius.
UMTS Release 4: GERANCN (Core Network)
circuit switched (cs) domain
packetswitched (ps) domain
3GMSC/VLR
3GSGSN
RNC
Node B
Node B
Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)
IubIu-PS
Uu
BSCBTS
BTS
BSC
Iu-
CS
BSS
Iu-CS
A
2GSGSN
Gb
Iu-PS
Iu-g
Iu-g
Um
Iur-Interface & Soft HandoverCN (Core Network)
circuit switched (cs) domain
packetswitched (ps) domain
3GMSC/VLR
3GSGSN
UTRAN
RNC
Node B
Node B
RNC Radio Network ControllerUE User Equipment = Mobile Equipment (ME) + UMTS SIM (USIM)
RNC
Node B
Node B (RNS)
Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)
Iub
Iub
Iur
Iu-PS
Iu-CS
Uu
UuUE
I can be connected to several cells
simultaneously
Duplication of DL traffic, selection of UL traffic
3G Services and 3G Services and ApplicationsApplications
What is a potential service model?
• Seamless services and applications
• Open environment - separate services from the underlying network
• GSM applications a basis for future applications
• New applications, and more variation of existing services can be added thanks to new capabilities in UMTS/3G
Terminal & USIM
Service Platform
Applications
3G Network
Service Platform
Applications
Content Content
Access Methods:- WCDMA
- GSM900/1800- etc.
Open / Proprietary Interface
Open Interface
UE Node B RNCUu Iub/Iur Iu
Core Network
Application Provider Model• Some applications will be
offered by the operator itself.
• Many applications will be provided by third party providers (either dedicated to the operator, or more independent).
What kind of applications are more likely to be offered by the operator themselves, and what services will be supplied by other providers?
Bearer/Carrier Provider(3G Network)
Application Provider
Content Provider Content Provider Content Provider
Application Provider Application Provider
End-Users
What kind of UMTS applications are envisioned today?
Public video phoning Ticketing services Interactive shopping News & traffic flashes Desktop video
conferencing
Voice recognition & response Interactive & virtual school Universal SIM & credit card Virtual banking Currency downloading Video on demand On-line library & books
Micro-Payment
Transact Transact PIM
ChooseTheatre
MakeBooking
MakePayment
ChooseRestaurant
GetMap
GetTrain
GetBus
FindParking
MakeBooking
MakePayment
Enterin Diary
CreateReminder
CheckAvailability
Entertainment
Common Enabling Layer
Check- location- preferences- diary
Check- Credit Card Details
Check- Fund Availability
Check- Home Location- Preferences- Theatre Location
Travel
Example of multiple services combined