Welcome to Engineering Design What is engineering design, really? Function to form Design process...
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Transcript of Welcome to Engineering Design What is engineering design, really? Function to form Design process...
Welcome to Engineering Design
• What is engineering design, really?
• Function to form• Design process• Phases of design• Product realization process • Roles for engineers• Concurrent engineering• Teamwork• Summary
(Mechanical) Engineering Design
machines sketch / draw customer desires mechanisms predict behavior company constraints motion test / experiment synthesize alternatives energy conversion materials analyze manufacturing evaluate
Activities integrated with topics
Activities Topics
Design Manufacturing Engineering & Materials Graphics Lectures Labs Design Project
What is Design, really?
Which of the following is design and which is analysis?
A. Given that the customer wishes to fasten together two steel plates, select appropriate sizes for the bolt, nut and washer.
B. Given the cross-section geometry of a new airplane wing we determine the lift it produces by conducting wind tunnel experiments.
Design Analysis
Form is the solution to a design problem.
How are Function and Form related
Design
controlholdmoveprotectstore
decision making processes
shapeconfigurationsizematerialsmanufacturing processes
Function
Form
Form Ever Follows FunctionLuis Sullivan
Form Ever Follows Function.
Design – definition
Set of decision making processes and activities
to determine the form of an object,
given the customer’s desired function.
Making Decisions? Use the design process
Establish functional requirementsDetermine constraintsSet performance targets
GeneratingAlternatives
FormulatingProblem
AnalyzingAlternatives
EvaluatingAlternatives
Create alternative forms(shape, configuration, size, materials, manufacturing processes)
all alternatives
feasible alternatives
Redesigniteration
Design specifications
best alternative design candidateManufacturing specifications
Are there “phases” of design?
How do design decisions change over time?
Is there a logical grouping of decisions?
Example design problem - Stop a spinning shaft
(8 inch diameter, 1000 lbs, steel, 3000 rpm)
•Decide upon a satisfactory rate of deceleration •Determine the length of the shaft•Determine where it is supported•Determine what actuating energy is available•Decide to reverse engineer an existing product•Choose to research brakes in the library
“Formulation” Phase
Early in the design process, we decide upon the specifics of the function to be performed:
Decisions relating to concept?
•1. surface friction (e.g. drum brake, disk/caliper)•2. opposing magnetic fields (e.g. inverse motor)•3. air friction (e.g. fan blades) Assume we decide on surface friction
Decide physical principles that will perform the function
“Concept Design Phase”
Decisions on configuring products and new components?
Product configuration: disk/caliper, or drum, or band brake
location on shaft (right. left, middle) (Assume we decide on a disk/caliper brake) Part configuration:
relative size of hub to diskrelative size of rotor thickness to diameter
“Configuration Design” Phase
Decide upon product components & how they are arrangedDecide upon part features & how they are arranged
1. rotor diameter (outer)2. rotor thickness3. brake pad width4. pad material5. hydraulic pressure on piston
Values for Parameters?
Decide upon specific values for design variables
“Parametric Design” Phase
•machined rotor tolerances•pad bonding resin•assembly/testing procedure
Completing the details
“Detail Design” Phase
Decide upon the remaining manufacturing specifications
Function ---- stop a spinning shaft
Final “Form” is the solution to a design problem
Form•rotor: 10 inch diameter, steel, 3/8-inch thick, cooling passages•forged steel caliper/housing •brake pads, 2 opposing, 4 sq. in., metal particles/epoxy matrix•steel piston,1-inch diameter, with elastomeric seals•100 psi hydraulic piston pressure
Design Phases
Formulation
Detail
Parametric
Configuration
Concept
Embodiment Design
Preliminary Design
Design versus the Product Realization Process?
Industrial Design
Engineering Design
Production Design
Manufacturing(Production)
Distribution
Service Disposal
CustomerNeed
RealizedProduct
Sales / Marketing
Phases in the life of a product
Manufacture
Retire
Design
Use
establish functiondetermine form
fabricateassembledistribute
set upoperatemaintainrepair take down disassemble recycledispose
To satisfy the consumer…We must consider all the phases in the life of a product
Income
Investment
Introduction Growth Maturity Saturation Decline
Sales
Time
Product Development
Product realization begins the Product Life Cycle
How do we, as engineers, fit into the PRP?
(U.S. Department of Labor, 2000).
Manufacturing
732 50
Engineering Services
401 27
Government (Federal, State & Local) 179 12
Self-employed
43 3
Other
110 8
Total
1465 100
Employer
Thousands %
Where do engineers work?
Engineering Roles in Design & Manufacturing Job Title Description Sales & Marketing
Sales Engineer Meets customers, determines needs, presents product offerings
Applications Engineer Assists sales & marketing solving technical issues with respect to the use of product
Field Service Engineer Installs, maintains and repairs equipment at customers’ sites
Research & Development
Industrial Designer Establishes essential product appearance, human factors
Design Engineer Decides part or product form including: shape, size, configuration, materials, and manufacturing processes
Materials Engineer Investigates and develops improved materials
Test Engineer Designs and conducts performance and safety tests
Engineering Roles in Design & Mfg
Manufacturing Industrial Engineer Designs fabrication, assembly and warehousing systems
Manufacturing Engineer
Develops manufacturing tools and fixtures
Quality Control Engineer
Establishes and maintains raw materials and finished goods quality controls
Processing / Operations
Plant Engineer Designs and maintains processing plant facilities
Project Engineer Coordinates project work tasks, budgets and schedules
typical manufacturing company
“Functional” organization chart
P u rc h a s ingE stim a tingE x p e d iting
P u rc h a s ing
P ro d u c tio n O p e ra tio nsQ u a lity C ontrolInd u s tria l E ngine e ringM a nu fa ctu ring E ng ine e ringP ro d u c tion P la nningT o o ling
M a nu fa c tu ring
D e s ig n Eng ine e ringInd u stria l D e s ignP ro to ty p ingT e s tingM a te ria ls R e se a rch
R e se a rc h & D e v e lo p m e nt
S a le sC u s to m er S e rv iceM a rk e tingA d v ertis ing
S a le s & M a rk e ting
A c co u ntingB u d g e tingP la nning
F ina nce
P re s id e nt
B o a rd o f D ire c to rs
S to c k h o ld e rs
Design Engineering
Mfg. Engineering
Production
SalesMarketing
ProductManager
Industrial Design
Industrial Engineering
Purchasing
Concurrent engineering design team
No more“over the wall”
Teamwork is a professional team sport!
Professional Team Industry
Competitors Companies
Team owners Investors
Coaches Managers
Referees, umpires Lawyers, judges
Communication Coordination
Fumbles, injuries Mistakes, losses
Individual skills Specialized jobs
Team skills “People” skills
Summary
• Design is “decision” making• Product realization process includes engineering
design• Design process requires formulating, generating,
analyzing, evaluating, refining• Form follows function• Product realization is a professional team sport