Marine Biodiversity of Costa Rica, Central America

Edited by

Ingo S. Wehrtmann and Jorge CortsCIMAR and Escuela de Biologa, Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica

Editors

Ingo S. WehrtmannUnidad Investigacin Pesquera y Acuicultura (UNIP) of the Centro de Investigacin en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologa (CIMAR), and Museo de Zoologa, Escuela de BiologaUniversidad de Costa Rica11501-2060 San Jos, Costa Ricaingowehrtmann@gmx.de

Jorge CortsCentro de Investigacin en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologa (CIMAR), and Escuela de BiologaUniversidad de Costa Rica11501-2060 San Jos, Costa Ricajorge.cortes@ucr.ac.cr

ISBN: 978-1-4020-8277-1 e-ISBN: 978-1-4020-8278-8

Library of Congress Control Number: 2008931008

2009 Springer Science + Business Media B.V.No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.

Cover page: Seagrass habitat at Parque Nacional Cahuita, Caribbean coast of Costa Rica (Photo: Ingo S. Wehrtmann)Back cover, photo 1: A green algae, Acetabularia calyculus, from the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica (Photo: Ingo S. Wehrtmann)Back cover, photo 2: Carpilius corallinus, a brachyuran crab occurring in the Parque Nacional Cahuita, Caribbean coast of Costa Rica (Photo: Ingo S. Wehrtmann)Back cover, photo 3: A black turtle, Chelonia agassizi, observed in waters around the offshore island, Isla del Coco, Pacific Costa Rica (Photo: Jaime Nivia)

Printed on acid-free paper

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

springer.com

Contents of CD Rom

Part 1 PhytoplanktonRoxana Vquez and Paul E. Hargraves

Species List 1.1 List of phytoplankton species from the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica ......................................................................................................... 1Species List 1.2 Phytoplankton species from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica ......................................................................................................... 4

Part 2 Marine Benthic AlgaeAndrea Bernecker

Species List 2.1 Marine benthic algae and Cyanobacteria reported from the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica ........................................................... 17Species List 2.2 Marine benthic algae and Cyanobacteria reported from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica ................................................................ 53

Part 3 SeagrassesJorge Corts and Eva Salas

Species List 3.1 Seagrasses found on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica ......................................................................................................... 71Species List 3.2 Seagrasses found on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica ......... 72

Part 4 MangrovesAna Margarita Silva-Benavides

Species List 4.1 Mangrove species occurring along the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica ..................................................................................................... 73Species List 4.2 Mangrove species occurring along the Pacific coast of Costa Rica ..................................................................................................... 75

Part 5 ForaminiferaJorge Corts, Claudia Mora-Baumgartner, and Vanessa Nielsen

Contents of CD Rom v

Species List 5.1 Foraminifera of the Caribbean of Costa Rica .................... 79Species List 5.2 Foraminifera of the Pacific of Costa Rica .......................... 79

Part 6 SpongesJorge Corts, Noam Van Der Hal, and R.W.M. Van Soest

Species List 6.1 Sponges reported from the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica .................................................................................................... 83Species List 6.2 Sponges from the Pacific of Costa Rica ............................ 88

Part 7 Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, and Cubozoa (Medusozoa)Karina Rodrguez-Senz and Lourdes Segura-Puertas

Species List 7.1 Medusozoa (Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, and Cubozoa) recorded from the Caribbean of Costa Rica ..................................................... 94Species List 7.2 Medusozoa (Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, and Cubozoa) recorded from the Pacific of Costa Rica .......................................................... 95

Part 8 SiphonophoresKarina Rodrguez-Senz and Rebeca Gasca

Species List 8.1 Siphonophores collected in Caribbean of Costa Rica ..................................................................................................... 101Species List 8.2 Siphonophores collected in Pacific waters of Costa Rica ......................................................................................... 102

Part 9 Zoanthids, Sea Anemones and CorallimorphariansJorge Corts

Species List 9.1 Zoanthids, actiniarians, and corallimorpharians found on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica ............................................................... 105Species List 9.2 Zoanthids, actiniarians, and corallimorpharians found on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica .................................................................... 107

Part 10 OctocoralsOdalisca Breedy

Species List 10.1 Octocorals from Caribbean shallow waters of Costa Rica ......................................................................................................... 108Species List 10.2 Octocorals from Pacific shallow waters of Costa Rica ......................................................................................................... 110

Part 11 Stony CoralsJorge Corts

Species List 11.1 Stony corals (hydrocorals and scleractinians) from the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica .......................................................................... 112

vi Contents of CD Rom

Species List 11.2 Stony corals (hydrocorals and scleractinians) from the Pacific of Costa Rica .......................................................................... 116

Part 12 SipunculansJos A. Vargas and Harlan K. Dean

Species List 12.1 List of sipunculans reported for the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica, .......................................................................................... 119Species List 12.2 List of sipunculan species reported for the Pacific coast of Costa Rica ........................................................................................... 120

Part 13 Polychaetes and EchiuransHarlan K. Dean

Species List 13.1 Polychaetes from the Caribbean of Central America....... 122Species List 13.2 Polychaeta and Echiura from the Pacific of Central America ............................................................................................................. 132

Part 14 StomatopodsRita Vargas

Species List 14.1 Stomatopod taxa from the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica ......................................................................................................... 160Species List 14.2 Stomatopod taxa from Pacific coast of Costa Rica .......... 161

Part 15 EuphausiidsIvn Castellanos, Eduardo Surez-Morales, and lvaro Morales-Ramrez

Species List 15.1 Euphausiid species recorded in Caribbean waters of Costa Rica ........................................................................................................ 164Species List 15.2 Euphausiid species recorded in Costa Rican waters of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. ............................................................... 165

Part 16 Decapod CrustaceansRita Vargas and Ingo S. Wehrtmann

Species List 16.1 Caribbean Costa Rica. Species of Dendrobranchiata, Stenopodidea, Caridea, Astacidea, Thalassinidea, and Palinura ...................... 167Species List 16.2 Pacific Costa Rica. Species of Dendrobranchiata, Stenopodidea, Caridea, Astacidea, Thalassinidea, and Palinura ...................... 170Species List 16.3 Caribbean Costa Rica. Species of Anomura .................... 178Species List 16.4 Pacific Costa Rica. Species of Anomura .......................... 179Species List 16.5 Caribbean Costa Rica. Species of Brachyura ................... 185Species List 16.6 Pacific Costa Rica. Species of Brachyura ........................ 188

Part 17 Shallow Water MysidsW. Wayne Price, Richard W. Heard, and Rita Vargas

Contents of CD Rom vii

Species List 17.1 Mysida reported from the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica ......................................................................................................... 199Species List 17.2 Mysida reported from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica ......................................................................................................... 200

Part 18 CumaceansIorgu Petrescu, Richard W. Heard, Rita Vargas, and Odalisca Breedy

Species List 18.1 Cumaceans from the Caribbean waters of Costa Rica ......................................................................................................... 201Species List 18.2 Cumaceans from the Pacific waters of Costa Rica .......... 202

Part 19 TanaidaceansRichard W. Heard, Odalisca Breedy, and Rita Vargas

Species List 19.1 Tanaidaceans from the Caribbean waters of Costa Rica ......................................................................................................... 204Species List 19.2 Tanaidaceans from the Pacific waters of Costa Rica ......................................................................................................... 205

Part 20 IsopodsRichard C. Brusca and Ingo S. Wehrtmann

Species List 20.1 Isopods reported from the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica ......................................................................................................... 206Species List 20.2 Isopods reported from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica ......................................................................................................... 209

Part 21 Gammaridean AmphipodsJohn M. Foster, Sara E. LeCroy, Richard W. Heard, and Rita Vargas

Species List 21.1 Distribution of estuarine and marine gammaridean amphipod species occurring on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica ................ 212Species List 21.2 Distribution of estuarine and marine gammaridean amphipod species occurring on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica ...................... 214

Part 22 Hyperiid AmphipodsRebeca Gasca

Species List 22.1 Hyperiid amphipods recorded from the Pacific waters of Costa Rica ......................................................................................... 217

Part 23 BarnaclesRobert Van Syoc

Species List 23.1 Barnacles from the Caribbean of Costa Rica ................... 219Species List 23.2 Barnacles from Pacific Costa Rica ................................... 221

viii Contents of CD Rom

Part 24 Copepodslvaro Morales-Ramrez and Eduardo Surez-Morales

Species List 24.1 Copepod species of the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica ......................................................................................................... 224Species List 24.2 List of copepod species of the Pacific coast of Costa Rica ......................................................................................................... 228

Part 25 Sea-SpidersRoger N. Bamber

Species List 25.1 Pycnogonids recorded from Caribbean waters of Costa Rica ........................................................................................................ 237Species List 25.2 Pycnogonids recorded from Pacific Costa Rica ........................................................................................................ 238

Part 26 Marine InsectsMonika Springer

Species List 26.1 Marine Collembola and Hemiptera (Class Insecta) from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica ................................................................ 239

Part 27 ChitonsEnrico Schwabe and Ingo S. Wehrtmann

Species List 27.1 Chitons known to occur along the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica ..................................................................................................... 240Species List 27.2 Chitons known to occur along the Pacific coast of Costa Rica ......................................................................................................... 241

Part 28 Benthic, Shelled GastropodsLeonora Rodrguez-Sevilla, Rita Vargas, and Jorge Corts

Species List 28.1 Benthic, shelled gastropods of the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica ..................................................................................................... 243Species List 28.2 Benthic, shelled gastropods of the Pacific coast of Costa Rica ......................................................................................................... 275

Part 29 Pelagic GastropodsEduardo Surez-Morales, Rebeca Gasca, and Ivn Castellanos

Species List 29.1 Pelagic gastropod mollusks recorded from Costa Rican waters of the Caribbean Sea. .................................................................. 326Species List 29.2 Pelagic gastropod mollusks recorded from Costa Rican waters of the Pacific Ocean. ............................................................................. 328

Contents of CD Rom ix

Part 30 Benthic OpisthobranchsYolanda E. Camacho-Garca

Species List 30.1 Benthic opisthobranchs and cephalaspidean heterobranchs from the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica ................................... 330Species List 30.2 Benthic opisthobranchs and cephalaspidean heterobranchs from Pacific Costa Rica............................................................. 338

Part 31 BivalvesJulio A. Magaa-Cubillo and Jos Espinosa

Species List 31.1 Bivalves from the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica ............ 348Species List 31.2 Bivalves from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica ................. 358

Part 32 Squids and OctopusesFrederick G. Hochberg and Yolanda E. Camacho-Garca

Species List 32.1 Cephalopods known to occur commonly in waters of the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica ............................................................... 379Species List 32.2 Cephalopods known to occur commonly in waters in the Pacific of Costa Rica and Isla del Coco ................................................. 381

Part 33 PhoronidsChristian C. Emig

Species List 33.1 Phoronida species reported from the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica ........................................................................................... 383Species List 33.2 Phoronida species reported from Pacific Costa RicaCentral America ................................................................................................ 384

Part 34 BryozoansJorge Corts, Vanessa Nielsen, and Amalia Herrera-Cubilla

Species List 34.1 Bryozoans from the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica ........ 385Species List 34.2 Bryozoans from the Pacific of Costa Rica ....................... 386

Part 35 BrachiopodsChristian C. Emig

Species List 35.1 Brachiopoda species reported from the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica ........................................................................................... 389Species List 35.2 Brachiopoda species reported from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica ........................................................................................... 390

Part 36 EchinodermsJuan Jos Alvarado and Jorge Corts

x Contents of CD Rom

Species List 36.1 List of echinoderms from the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica ......................................................................................................... 392Species List 36.2 List of echinoderms from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica ......................................................................................................... 396

Part 37 Chaetognaths or Arrow WormsEduardo Surez-Morales, Rosa Ma. Hernndez-Flores, and lvaro Morales-Ramrez

Species List 37.1 Chaetognatha effectively recorded in waters of the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica ......................................................................... 409Species List 37.2 Chaetognatha effectively recorded in waters of the Pacific coast of Costa Rica ............................................................................... 410

Part 38 Appendicularians (Urochordata)Ivn A. Castellanos, lvaro Morales-Ramrez, and Eduardo Surez-Morales

Species List 38.1 List of appendicularian species recorded in Costa Rican waters (eastern tropical Pacific) ........................................................................ 411

Part 39 Marine FishWilliam A. Bussing and Myrna Lpez

Species List 39.1 Fishes reported and expected from the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica ........................................................................................... 412Species List 39.2 Fishes reported and expected from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica ..................................................................................................... 439

Part 40 Marine Reptiles and AmphibiansMahmood Sasa, Gerardo A. Chaves, and Lisa D. Patrick

Species List 40.1 Species of reptiles and amphibians found at marine environments in Costa Rican Caribbean coast ................................................. 474Species List 40.2 Species of reptiles and amphibians found at marine environments in Costa Rican Pacific Ocean. .................................................... 475

Part 41 Birds in Coastal and Marine EnvironmentsGilbert Barrantes and Johel Chaves-Campos

Species List 41.1 Coastal and marine birds in Costa Rica (Pacific and Caribbean) and Central America. ..................................................................... 479

Part 42 Marine MammalsLaura May-Collado

Species List 42.1 Marine mammals reported from the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica ........................................................................................... 485

Contents of CD Rom xi

Species List 42.2 Marine mammals reported from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica ........................................................................................... 488

Part 43 Other Taxonomic Groups (Fungi, Kinorhynchs, Invertebrate Chordates)Jorge Corts

Species List 43.1 Marine fungi collected in the Pacific coast of Costa Rica ........................................................................................................ 491Species List 43.2 Salps collected off the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica ........................................................................................................ 491Species List 43.3 Kinorynchs and invertebrate chordates collected from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. ........................................................................ 492

Part 44 Marine Fish ParasitesJorge Corts

Species List 44.1 Marine parasites collected from fish from the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. ......................................................................... 493Species List 44.2 Marine parasites collected from fish from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica ........................................................................................... 494

Part 45 Sea Turtle ParasitesMario Santoro and Simonetta Mattiucci

Species List 45.1 Parasites reported from the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) of the Parque Nacional Tortuguero, north Caribbean coast of Costa Rica ........................................................................................... 497Species List 45.2 Parasites reported from the olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) of the Pacific coast of Costa Rica ............................. 500

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2 Species List

Spec

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Lis

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1 (c

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Spec

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6,

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[21,

82]

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spar

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n.a.

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[88]

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sted

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ula

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v.[9

8]C

ar,G

M[2

1, 8

2, 8

8]N

itzs

chia

bil

obat

a W

m. S

mith

[98]

Car

[21]

Nit

zsch

ia l

ongi

ssim

a (B

rebi

sson

) R

alfs

[98]

Car

,ET

P,G

M,I

O,S

EP

[3, 1

8, 1

9, 2

1, 9

6]P

leur

osig

ma

elon

gatu

m W

m. S

mith

[98]

IO[9

6]P

seud

o-ni

tzsc

hia

deli

cati

ssim

a (C

leve

) H

eide

n. S

yn.

Nit

zsch

ia d

elic

atis

sim

a C

leve

[98]

Ant

,NE

A,S

A,S

EP

[9, 1

0, 4

5, 8

6]

Phytoplankton 3

Pse

udo-

nitz

schi

a pu

ngen

s (G

runo

w e

x C

leve

) H

asle

.[9

8]A

u,C

ar,C

TP,

EC

,GM

,SA

,SE

P[9

, 19,

21,

30,

40,

41,

72,

86,

88]

Syn.

Nit

zsch

ia p

unge

ns G

runo

w e

x C

leve

Suri

rell

a le

mm

erm

anni

Hus

tedt

[98]

n.a.

n.a.

Suri

rell

a an

gust

icos

tata

Hus

tedt

[98]

n.a.

n.a.

DIN

OP

HY

TA

Cla

ss D

INO

PH

YC

EA

EO

rder

PR

OR

OC

EN

TR

AL

ES

Pro

roce

ntru

m g

raci

le S

cht

t[9

8]C

a,C

ar,M

ed,N

EA

,NW

A, S

WA

,TP

[5, 2

1, 2

2, 2

3, 5

2, 5

3, 6

6]O

rder

DIN

OP

HY

SIA

LE

SD

inop

hysi

s ca

udat

a Sa

ville

-Ken

t. Sy

n. D

inop

hysi

s ho

mun

culu

s St

ein

[98]

Ca,

Car

,GM

,GM

,Med

,NE

A,N

EA

,SW

A,T

A[5

, 6, 1

9, 2

0, 2

1, 5

1, 5

2, 5

2, 6

4, 6

6]

Ord

er G

ON

YA

UL

AC

AL

ES

Cer

atiu

m f

urca

Cla

pare

de &

Lac

hman

n[9

8]A

u,C

a,C

ar,G

M,I

O,M

ed,

NW

A,S

A,S

EA

,SW

A[5

, 9, 1

9, 2

0, 2

1, 4

6, 5

2, 6

6]

CY

AN

OB

AC

TE

RIA

Spir

ulin

a su

bsal

sa

rste

d ex

Gom

ont

[35]

EC

,Med

[34,

62,

73]

Joha

nnes

bapt

ista

pel

luci

da (

Dic

kie)

Tay

lor

& D

roue

t[N

R]

NW

A[7

3]Tr

icho

desm

ium

sp.

[NR

]G

M[1

9, 5

3]D

INO

PH

YT

AC

lass

DIC

TY

OC

HO

PH

YC

EA

E (

Silic

ofla

gella

tes)

Dic

tyoc

ha fi

bula

Ehr

enbe

rg[9

8]A

u,C

NP,

EC

,Med

[7, 2

6, 7

1, 1

01]

a CR

= C

osta

Ric

a, N

R =

New

rec

ord

b Ant

= A

ntar

ctic

, Au

= A

ustr

alia

, BI

= B

ritis

h Is

les,

Ca

= G

ulf

of C

alif

orni

a an

d Pa

cifi

c co

ast o

f M

xic

o, C

ar =

Car

ibbe

an, E

C =

Eas

t coa

st o

f U

SA, C

NP

=

Cen

tral

Nor

th P

acif

ic, C

TP

= C

entr

al T

ropi

cal P

acif

ic, E

TP

= E

aste

rn T

ropi

cal P

acif

ic, G

P =

Gul

f of

Pan

am,

IO

= I

ndia

n O

cean

, GM

= G

ulf

of M

xic

o, M

ed

= M

edite

rran

ean

and

adja

cent

sea

s, N

EA

= N

orth

Eas

tern

Atla

ntic

, N

EP

= N

orth

Eas

tern

Pac

ific

, N

WA

= N

orth

Wes

tern

Atla

ntic

, N

WP

= N

orth

Wes

tern

Pa

cifi

c, S

A =

Sou

th A

fric

a, S

EP

= S

outh

Eas

tern

Pac

ific

, SW

A =

Sou

th W

este

rn A

tlant

ic, S

WP

= S

outh

Wes

tern

Pac

ific

, TA

= T

ropi

cal A

tlant

ic, T

P =

Tro

pica

l Pa

cifi

cc R

efer

ence

s ar

e in

dica

ted

by n

umbe

rs a

ccor

ding

to th

e re

fere

nces

list

.

4 Species List

Spec

ies

Lis

t 1.

2 Ph

ytop

lank

ton

spec

ies

from

the

Paci

fic

coas

t of

Cos

ta R

ica.

For

dia

tom

s, g

roup

ing

of g

ener

a in

to O

rder

s fo

llow

s H

asle

& S

yver

tsen

(19

96),

di

nofl

agel

late

s ar

e gr

oupe

d ac

cord

ing

to S

teid

inge

r &

Tan

gen

(199

6), E

briid

ae a

s in

Har

grav

es (

2002

)

Spec

ies

and

com

mon

syn

onym

sR

epor

ts f

or C

.R.a

Wor

ld r

epor

tsb

Ref

eren

ces

for

wor

ld r

epor

tsc

Phy

lum

CH

RY

SOP

HY

TA

Cla

ss B

AC

ILL

AR

IOP

HY

CE

AE

Ord

er C

OSC

INO

DIS

CA

LE

SA

ctin

ocyc

lus

curv

atul

us J

anis

ch S

yn. C

osci

nodi

scus

cu

rvat

ulus

Gru

now

[103

]C

TP,

IO[3

6, 9

0]

Act

inoc

yclu

s oc

tona

rius

Ehr

enbe

rg. S

yn. A

ctin

ocyc

lus

erhe

rnbe

rgii

Ral

fs[1

00,1

03]

Ca,

Car

,CT

P,G

M[1

7, 2

1, 3

3, 3

6, 7

7, 1

02]

Act

inop

tich

us s

enar

ius

(Ehr

enbe

rg)

Ehr

enb.

Syn

. A

ctin

opty

chus

und

ulat

us (

Bai

ley)

Ral

fs[1

00,1

03]

Car

,GM

,IO

,SE

P[3

, 17,

21,

33,

77,

90,

96]

Act

inop

tich

us s

plen

dens

(Sh

adbo

lt) R

alfs

[100

]IO

,GM

,SA

[9, 1

7, 1

9, 9

0]A

ster

olam

pra

mar

ylan

dica

Ehe

rnbe

rg[N

R]

Ca,

IO[7

2, 9

0]A

ster

omph

alus

cle

vean

us G

runo

w[1

00]

Ca

[50,

]A

ster

omph

alus

hep

tact

is (

Bre

b.)

Ral

fs[1

03]

CT

P,IO

,NE

A[4

1, 6

5, 9

0]C

oret

hron

hys

trix

Cle

ve[1

00,1

03]

Car

,GM

,IO

[21,

33,

96]

Cos

cino

disc

us c

entr

alis

Gra

n &

Ang

st.

[100

,103

]C

ar,G

M,I

O,M

ed,N

EA

[19,

20,

21,

41,

77,

90]

Cos

cino

disc

us g

rani

i Gou

gh[1

00,1

03]

Ca,

EC

,GM

,IO

,Med

,NE

A,S

A[9

, 19,

21,

36,

41,

72,

90,

96]

Cos

cino

disc

us p

erfo

ratu

s E

hren

berg

[100

]C

a,C

ar,G

M,I

O,N

EP

[3, 2

1, 3

3, 3

6, 9

0]C

osci

nodi

scus

wai

lesi

i Gra

n &

Ang

st.

[103

]C

a,C

ar,N

EA

,NE

P,[8

, 21,

36,

41,

89]

Cyc

lote

lla

men

eghi

nian

a K

utzi

ng[1

00,1

03]

Car

,EC

,GM

,IO

,Med

[20,

21,

33,

72,

96]

Cyc

lote

lla

stri

ata

(Kut

zing

) G

run.

[100

,103

]C

ar,E

C,G

M,I

O,M

ed[2

0, 2

1, 3

3, 7

2, 9

0, 9

6]D

eton

ula

pum

ila

(Cat

rasc

ane)

Sch

tt.

[NR

]C

ar,E

C,G

M,I

O,S

EP

[3, 1

9, 2

1, 7

2, 8

8, 9

0, 9

6]Sy

n: S

crhr

oede

rell

a de

lica

tula

(Pe

raga

llo)

Pavi

llard

Gos

sler

iell

a tr

opic

a Sc

htt

[NR

]C

a,C

ar,I

O,S

EP

[3, 2

1, 3

2, 7

2, 9

6]L

aude

ria

annu

lata

Cle

ve.

[100

,103

]C

ar,E

C,E

TP,

GM

,IO

,NE

A,N

WA

,SE

P[3

, 8, 2

0, 2

1, 7

2, 8

8, 9

0, 9

6]

Syn.

Lau

deri

a bo

real

is G

ran

Lep

tocy

lind

rus

dani

cus

Cle

ve[1

00,1

03]

Car

,ET

P,G

M,I

O,N

EA

,Med

,SA

, SE

P[9

, 10,

19,

20,

21,

75,

77,

96]

Lep

tocy

lind

rus

med

iter

rane

us (

Pera

gallo

) H

asle

.[1

03]

Ca,

CT

P,E

C,E

TP,

NE

A,S

EP

[3, 1

0, 2

0, 4

1, 7

2, 7

3]

Syn.

Dac

tylio

sole

n m

edite

rran

eus

(Per

agal

lo)

Pera

gallo

Lep

tocy

lind

rus

min

imus

Gra

n[1

03]

Ca,

EC

,ET

P,G

M,I

O[2

0, 7

2, 8

8, 9

6]

Mel

osir

a m

onil

ifor

mis

(O

. Ml

ler)

Aga

rdh

[NR

]E

C,G

M,N

EP,

SEP

[3, 3

3, 7

2]Pa

rali

a su

lcat

a (E

hren

berg

) C

leve

.[N

R]

Ca,

Car

,GM

,IO

,NE

A,N

WA

[8, 2

1, 6

5, 7

2, 7

7, 8

8, 9

6]Sy

n. M

elos

ira

sulc

ata

(Ehr

enbe

rg)

Kt

zing

Pla

nkto

niel

la m

urif

orm

is (

Loe

blic

h, W

ight

& D

arle

y)

Rou

nd.

[100

,103

]G

M,N

EA

,[1

8, 6

8]

Syn.

Coe

nobi

odis

cus

mur

ifor

mis

Loe

blic

h, W

ight

&

Dar

ley

Pla

nkto

niel

la s

ol (

Wal

lich)

Sch

tt

[103

]C

ar,E

TP,

GM

,IO

,CT

P,M

ed,N

EA

,N

WA

,SE

P[3

, 8, 1

8, 2

0, 2

1, 3

3, 4

1, 9

0, 9

6]

Skel

eton

ema

cost

atum

(G

revi

lle)

clev

e[1

00,1

03]

Ca,

Car

,ET

P,G

M,I

O,N

EA

,NW

A,

SEP

[3, 8

, 10,

19,

20,

72,

77,

90,

96]

Skel

eton

ema

trop

icum

Cle

ve[N

R]

Ca,

GM

[15,

33]

Step

hano

pyxi

s tu

rris

(G

revi

lle &

Arn

ott)

Ral

fs[1

00,1

03]

EC

,ET

P,IO

,Med

,SA

,SE

P[3

, 9, 2

0, 2

0, 7

2, 9

6]T

hala

ssio

sira

bin

ata

Fryx

ell

[103

]C

a,G

M,N

WP

[25,

33,

72]

Tha

lass

iosi

ra b

iocu

lata

(G

run.

) O

sten

feld

[NR

]C

a,N

EA

,NW

A[6

5, 7

2]T

hala

ssio

sira

con

fert

a H

asle

[NR

]N

WP

[25]

Tha

lass

iosi

ra d

ecip

iens

(G

run.

) Jo

rg.

[103

]C

a,C

ar,C

TP,

GM

,IO

,NE

A,M

ed,

SA,S

EP

[3, 9

, 10,

19,

20,

21,

41,

72,

88,

96

]T

hala

ssio

sira

ecc

entr

ica

(Ehr

enbe

rg)

Cle

ve[1

03]

Car

,EC

,GM

,IO

,Med

,NW

P,SA

[1, 9

, 20,

21,

25,

72,

88,

90]

Tha

lass

iosi

ra e

xigu

a Fr

yx. &

Has

le[1

03]

Ca,

GM

[1, 3

3, 7

2]T

hala

ssio

sira

lep

topu

s (G

run.

) H

asle

& F

ryxe

ll[N

R]

Ca,

Car

,CT

P[1

, 21,

41,

72]

Tha

lass

iosi

ra m

ala

Tak.

[103

]C

a,N

WP

[1, 2

5, 7

2]T

hala

ssio

sira

min

ima

Gaa

rder

[NR

]N

EA

,NW

P[2

5, 3

8]T

hala

ssio

sira

oce

anic

a H

asle

[PN

R]

NE

A[3

9]T

hala

ssio

sira

oes

trup

ii (

Ost

enfe

ld)

Pros

hkin

a-L

avre

nko

[NR

]C

a,C

TP,

IO,N

WP

[1, 2

5, 4

1, 7

2, 9

0]T

hala

ssio

sira

rot

ula

Meu

nier

[NR

]C

a,E

C,G

M,M

ed[7

, 33,

72,

75]

Tha

lass

iosi

ra s

ubti

lis

(oes

tenf

eld)

Gra

n[N

R]

Ca,

ET

P,G

M,I

O,M

ed,S

EP

[3, 2

0, 2

1, 4

1, 7

5, 9

0, 9

6]O

rder

RH

IZO

SOL

EN

IAL

ES

Dac

tyli

osol

en f

ragi

liss

imus

(B

ergo

n) H

asle

[35,

103]

Ca,

EC

,ET

P,G

M,M

ed,N

EA

,NW

A[8

, 10,

20,

37,

72,

88]

(con

tinue

d)

Phytoplankton 5

6 Species List

Spec

ies

Lis

t 1.

2 (c

ontin

ued)

Spec

ies

and

com

mon

syn

onym

sR

epor

ts f

or C

.R.a

Wor

ld r

epor

tsb

Ref

eren

ces

for

wor

ld r

epor

tsc

Syn.

Rhi

zoso

leni

a st

olte

rfot

hii P

erag

allo

Gui

nard

ia d

elic

atul

a (C

leve

) H

asle

[35,

100,

103]

Car

,EC

,ET

P,N

EA

,NW

A,S

A,S

EP

[8, 9

, 20,

21,

72,

75]

Syn.

Rhi

zoso

leni

a de

lica

tula

Cle

veG

uina

rdia

fla

ccid

a (C

atr.)

H. P

er.

[100

,103

]C

ar,E

C,E

TP,

GM

,IO

,Med

,NE

A,

NW

A[8

, 19,

20,

21,

37,

77,

90,

96]

Syn.

Rhi

zoso

leni

a fl

acci

da C

atra

scan

eG

uina

rdia

str

iata

(St

olte

rfot

h) H

asle

[35,

100,

103]

Car

,EC

,ET

P,G

M,N

EA

,NW

A,S

A[8

, 9, 1

0, 1

8, 1

9, 2

1, 3

7, 7

2, 7

7,

88]

Syn.

Rhi

zoso

leni

a st

olte

rfot

hii P

erag

allo

Pro

bosc

ia a

lata

(B

righ

twel

l) S

unds

trm

.[3

5,10

0,10

3]C

ar,C

TP,

ET

P,G

M,I

O,M

ed,N

EA

,SE

P[3

, 10,

18,

20,

21,

41,

77,

90]

Syn.

Rhi

zoso

leni

a al

ata

Bri

ghtw

ell

Pse

udos

olen

ia c

alca

r-av

is (

Schu

lze)

Sun

dstr

m[3

5,10

0,10

3]C

a,E

C,E

TP,

GM

,IO

,NE

A,N

WA

[8, 1

9, 2

0, 7

2, 7

5, 9

0]R

hizo

sole

nia

acum

inat

a (P

erag

.) P

av.

[NR

]C

a,E

TP,

GM

,NE

A, N

WA

[8, 1

9, 2

0, 7

5]R

hizo

sole

nia

berg

onii

Per

ag.

[35,

100,

103]

Ca,

CT

P,C

ar,E

TP,

GM

,IO

,NE

A,

NW

A[8

, 19,

20,

41,

75,

88,

90]

Rhi

zoso

leni

a he

beta

ta v

ar. h

ebet

ata

Bai

ley

[35,

100,

103]

Ca,

Car

,GM

,IO

,NE

A,S

A, S

EP

[3, 9

, 10,

19,

21,

75,

90,

96]

Rhi

zoso

leni

a im

bric

ata

Bri

ghtw

ell

[100

]C

a,C

ar,E

TP,

GM

,IO

,NE

A,S

A,S

EP

[3, 9

, 10,

19,

20,

21,

75,

90,

96]

Rhi

zoso

leni

a ro

bust

a N

orm

an[3

5,10

0,10

3]C

a,C

ar,E

C,G

M,I

O, M

ed[1

9, 2

0, 7

2, 7

5, 7

7, 9

0, 9

6]R

hizo

sole

nia

seti

gera

Bri

ghtw

ell

[100

,103

]C

ar,E

C,E

TP,

GM

,IO

, NE

A[1

0, 1

9, 2

0, 7

2, 7

7, 9

0, 9

6]R

hizo

sole

nia

styl

ifor

mis

Bri

ghtw

ell

[NR

]C

a,C

ar,C

TP,

ET

P,G

M,I

O,N

EA

, N

WA

,SE

P[3

, 8, 1

9, 2

0, 2

1, 4

1, 7

5, 7

7, 9

0,

96]

Ord

er B

IDD

UL

PH

IAL

ES

Aul

acod

iscu

s ki

tton

ii A

rnot

t ex

Ral

fs in

Pri

tcha

rd[N

R]

BI

[91]

Bac

teri

astr

um c

omos

um P

avill

ard

[100

,103

]C

a,C

ar,E

TP,

IO[2

0, 2

1, 7

5, 7

9, 9

6]B

acte

rias

trum

del

icat

ulum

Cle

ve[1

00,1

03]

Ca,

Car

,ET

P,G

M,I

O,M

ed,N

WP

[19,

20,

21,

45,

72,

75,

96]

Bac

teri

astr

um e

lega

ns P

avill

ard

[103

]M

ed[2

6]B

acte

rias

trum

hya

linu

m L

aude

r[N

R]

Ca,

Car

,IO

,Med

[20,

21,

75,

79,

96]

Bid

dulp

hia

bidd

ulph

iana

(J.

e. S

mith

) B

oyer

Syn

. B

iddu

lphi

a pu

lche

lla

Gra

y[N

R]

BI,

Ca,

Car

,EC

,IO

[21,

72,

75,

78,

90,

91]

Cer

atau

lina

pel

agic

a (C

leve

) H

ende

y 19

37. S

yn.

Cer

atau

lina

ber

goni

i (H

. Per

agal

lo)

Sch

tt[1

00,1

03]

Car

,ET

P,G

M,I

O,M

ed,N

EA

,NW

P,SE

P[3

, 8, 1

0, 1

9, 2

0, 2

1, 7

2, 7

8, 9

0,

96]

Cer

atau

lina

bic

orni

s (E

hren

berg

) H

asle

.[1

00,1

03]

Ca,

TP

[42,

43,

75]

Syn.

Cer

atau

lina

dae

mon

(G

revi

lle)H

asle

Cer

atau

lina

den

tata

Has

le[1

00,1

03]

Ca,

TP

[43,

75]

Cha

etoc

eros

affi

nis

Lau

der

[35,

100,

103]

Ca,

Car

,EC

,ET

P,G

M,I

O,N

EA

, N

WA

,SE

P[3

, 10,

19,

20,

75,

79,

85,

96]

Cha

etoc

eros

affi

nis

var.

circ

inal

is (

Meu

nier

) H

uste

dt[1

03]

Ca

[75]

Cha

etoc

eros

ana

stom

osan

s G

runo

w[3

5,10

3]C

a,C

ar,G

M,M

ed[2

0, 2

1, 3

3, 7

5, 7

9]C

haet

ocer

os b

revi

s Sc

htt

[35,

100,

103]

Car

,GM

,Med

,NW

A,S

EP

[3, 2

0, 7

9, 8

5, 8

8]C

haet

ocer

os c

oarc

tatu

s L

aude

r[3

5,10

0,10

3]C

a,C

ar,G

M,I

O,M

ed,N

WA

[19,

20,

75,

79,

85,

90,

96]

Cha

etoc

eros

com

pres

sus

Lau

der

[35,

100,

103]

Car

,ET

P,G

M,I

O,M

ed,N

EA

,NW

A,

SEP

[3, 1

9, 2

0, 2

1, 7

5, 7

9, 8

5, 9

0, 9

6]

Cha

etoc

eros

con

cavi

corn

is M

ang.

[35,

103]

Ca

[75]

Cha

etoc

eros

con

stri

ctus

Gra

n[3

5,10

3]C

ar,E

TP,

GM

,NE

A,N

WA

,SA

, SE

P[3

, 9, 1

0, 1

9, 2

0, 7

9, 8

5]C

haet

ocer

os c

urvi

setu

s C

leve

[35,

103]

Car

,ET

P,G

M,I

O,N

WA

,SE

P[3

, 19,

20,

21,

79,

85,

90,

96]

Cha

etoc

eros

dec

ipie

ns C

leve

[35,

100,

103]

Car

,ET

P,G

M,I

O,N

EA

,NW

A,S

EP

[3, 1

0, 1

9, 2

0, 2

1, 8

5, 9

0]C

haet

ocer

os d

anic

us C

leve

[100

]E

TP,

GM

,NE

A,N

WA

[10,

19,

20,

85]

Cha

etoc

eros

did

ymus

Ehr

enbe

rg[3

5,10

0,10

3]E

TP,

Car

,GM

,IO

,NW

A,S

A,S

EP

[3, 9

, 19,

20,

21,

85,

90,

96]

Cha

etoc

eros

div

ersu

s C

leve

[35,

100,

103]

ET

P,C

ar,G

M,I

O,N

EA

[19,

20,

65,

79,

90,

96]

Cha

etoc

eros

div

ersu

s f.

laev

is (

Leu

duge

r-Fo

rtm

orel

) M

oren

o-R

uiz

et a

l.[1

03]

Ca,

EP,

ET

P[1

8, 2

0, 2

1, 7

5]

Cha

etoc

eros

eib

enii

(G

runo

w)

Meu

nier

[35,

100,

103]

Ca,

Car

,IO

,NW

A[7

5, 7

9, 8

5, 9

6]C

haet

ocer

os g

raci

lis

Sch

tt[N

R]

Ca,

GM

,SE

P[3

, 19,

75]

Cha

etoc

eros

lac

inio

sus

Sch

tt[3

5,10

0,10

3]C

a,C

ar,I

O,N

EA

,NW

A,S

EP

[3, 1

0, 2

1, 7

5, 7

9, 8

5, 9

6]C

haet

ocer

os l

aude

ri R

alfs

[35,

103]

Ca,

Car

,GM

,IO

,NW

A[7

5, 7

9, 8

5, 8

8, 9

6]C

haet

ocer

os l

oren

zian

us G

runo

w[3

5,10

0,10

3]C

a,C

ar,C

TP,

ET

P,G

M,I

O,S

A,N

WA

[9, 1

9, 2

0, 2

1, 4

1, 7

5, 7

9, 8

5, 9

0,

96]

Cha

etoc

eros

mes

sane

nsis

Cat

rasc

ane

[NR

]G

M,I

O[1

9, 9

0, 9

6]C

haet

ocer

os p

elag

icus

Cle

ve[N

R]

Car

,IO

,GM

[19,

79,

88,

96]

Cha

etoc

eros

pen

dulu

s K

arst

en[1

03]

Car

,EC

,ET

P[2

0, 2

1, 7

2]C

haet

ocer

os p

erpu

sill

us C

leve

[35,

103]

Ca,

NW

A[7

5, 8

5]C

haet

ocer

os p

eruv

ianu

s B

righ

twel

l[3

5,10

0,10

3]C

ar,C

TP,

ET

P,G

M,I

O,N

WA

[19,

20,

41,

79,

85,

90,

96]

Cha

etoc

eros

rad

ican

s Sc

hutt

[35,

100,

103]

Ca,

ET

P,IO

,NE

A,N

WA

,SE

P[3

, 10,

20,

75,

85,

90]

(con

tinue

d)

Phytoplankton 7

8 Species List

Spec

ies

Lis

t 1.

2 (c

ontin

ued)

Spec

ies

and

com

mon

syn

onym

sR

epor

ts f

or C

.R.a

Wor

ld r

epor

tsb

Ref

eren

ces

for

wor

ld r

epor

tsc

Cha

etoc

eros

ros

trat

us L

aude

r[1

00,1

03]

Ca,

Car

,IO

,NW

A[7

5, 7

9, 8

5, 9

0]C

haet

ocer

os s

impl

ex O

sten

feld

[35,

103]

NE

A,N

WA

[10,

85]

Cha

etoc

eros

soc

iali

s L

aude

r[3

5,10

0,10

3]E

C,E

TP,

GM

,IO

,NE

A,N

WA

,SE

P[3

, 10,

20,

72,

85,

88,

96]

Cha

etoc

eros

sub

tili

s C

leve

[100

,103

]E

C,N

EA

,NW

A[1

0, 6

5, 7

2, 8

5]C

haet

ocer

os w

igha

mi B

righ

twel

l[N

R]

IO,N

WA

,SE

P[3

, 85,

96]

Cli

mac

odin

ium

fra

uenf

eldi

anum

Gru

now

[100

]E

TP,

GM

,IO

[20,

88,

90,

96]

Dit

ylum

bri

ghtw

elli

i (W

est)

Gru

now

[100

]C

ar,E

C,E

TP,

IO,N

EA

,SA

[9, 1

0, 2

0, 2

1, 7

2, 9

6]E

ucam

pia

corn

uta

(Cle

ve)

Gru

now

[100

]C

ar,E

TP,

GM

,IO

,SE

P[2

0, 2

1, 7

8, 9

0, 9

6]E

ucam

pia

zodi

acus

Ehr

enbe

rg[N

R]

Car

,ET

P,G

M,I

O,S

A,S

EP

[3, 9

, 19,

20,

21,

90,

96]

Eup

odis

cus

radi

atus

Bai

ley

[103

]C

ar[7

7]H

elic

othe

ca t

ames

is (

Shru

bsol

e) R

icar

d[N

R]

Car

,GM

[19,

21,

37,

77,

88]

Syn.

Str

epto

thec

a ta

mes

is S

hrub

sole

Hem

iaul

us h

auck

ii G

runo

w[1

00,1

03]

Car

,EC

,ET

P,G

M,I

O,M

ed[7

, 19,

20,

65,

72,

78]

Hem

iaul

us m

embr

anac

eus

Cle

ve[1

00,1

03]

Car

,EC

,ET

P,G

M,I

O[1

9, 7

2, 7

8, 8

8]H

emia

ulus

sin

ensi

s G

revi

lle[1

00,1

03]

Car

,GM

,IO

,Med

[19,

20,

20,

21,

78,

90,

96]

Hem

idis

cus

cune

ifor

mis

Wal

lich

[NR

]C

TP,

GM

,IO

,Med

,SA

[9, 1

9, 2

1, 4

1, 9

0]Is

thm

ia n

ervo

sa K

tzi

ng[N

R]

EC

,IO

[18,

96]

Lit

hode

smiu

n un

dula

tum

Ehr

enbe

rg[N

R]

GM

,IO

,NE

A[1

9, 6

5, 8

8, 9

6]O

dont

ella

aur

ita

Aga

rdh

[NR

]C

ar,G

M,I

O,N

EA

,SE

P[3

, 10,

19,

21,

78,

88,

90]

Syn.

Bid

dulp

hia

auri

ta (

Lyng

bye)

Bre

viss

on &

God

eyO

dont

ella

lon

gicr

uris

(G

revi

lle)

Hoa

n[1

03]

EC

,IO

,SE

P[3

, 72,

96]

Odo

ntel

la m

obil

iens

is G

runo

w[1

00,1

03]

Ca,

Car

,EC

,GM

,IO

,Med

,NE

A[8

, 19,

20,

36,

72,

78,

90,

96]

Syn.

Bid

dulp

hia

mob

ilie

nsis

Bai

ley

Odo

ntel

la r

hom

bus

(Ehr

enbe

rg)

Kt

zing

[NR

]G

M,I

O,N

EA

[19,

65,

90,

96]

Syn.

Bid

dulp

hia

rhom

bus

(Ehr

enbe

rg)

Smith

Rop

eria

tes

sela

ta (

Rop

er)

Gru

now

[NR

]C

ar,I

O[2

1, 9

0]Tr

igon

ium

alt

erna

ns (

Bai

ley)

Man

n[N

R]

Car

,EC

,GM

,IO

,NE

A[8

, 19,

21,

72,

96]

Syn.

Bid

dulp

hia

alte

rnan

s (B

ail.)

V.H

.Te

rpsi

noe

mus

ica

Ehr

enbe

rg[N

R]

GM

[19]

Ord

er F

RA

GIL

AR

IAL

ES

Ast

erio

nell

opsi

s gl

acia

lis

(Cat

rasc

ane)

Rou

nd S

yn.

Ast

erio

nell

a ja

poni

ca G

ran.

[100

,103

]C

ar,E

C,E

TP,

GM

,IO

,NE

A,S

A,

SEP

[3, 8

, 9, 1

9, 2

0, 7

2, 8

0, 9

0, 9

6]

Ast

erio

nell

opsi

s ka

rian

a (G

runo

w)

Rou

nd[N

R]

Ca,

Car

,NE

A[2

1, 6

5]B

leak

eley

a no

tata

(G

runo

w)

Rou

nd[N

R]

Ca,

Med

,NE

A[2

0, 7

5, 9

1]Sy

n. A

ster

ione

lla

blea

kele

yi W

. Sm

ith, A

ster

ione

lla

form

osa

var.

blea

kele

yi V

an H

eurc

kC

lim

acos

phen

ia m

onil

iger

a E

hren

berg

[NR

]C

ar,G

M,I

O[2

1, 8

0, 8

8, 9

6]G

ram

mat

opho

rta

mar

ina

(Lyn

gbie

) K

tzi

ng[N

R]

Car

,GM

,IO

,SE

P[3

, 80,

90]

Lio

lom

a pa

cific

um (

Cup

p) H

asle

[100

,103

]C

ar,E

C,G

M,I

O,M

ed[1

9, 2

0, 7

2, 8

0, 8

8, 9

0]Sy

n. T

hala

ssio

thri

x m

edit

erra

nea

Pavi

llard

Rha

bdon

ema

adri

atic

um K

tzi

ng[N

R]

Car

,GM

,IO

,Med

,NE

A,N

EP

[65,

80,

88,

90]

Stri

atel

la u

nipu

ncta

ta (

Lyng

bye)

Aga

rdh

[NR

]C

ar,G

M,S

A[9

, 19,

80]

Tha

lass

ione

ma

frau

enfe

ldii

(G

runo

w)

Hae

llegr

aeff

[100

,103

]C

ar,E

C,G

M,I

O,N

EA

,SE

P[3

, 19,

21,

29,

65,

72,

80,

90,

96]

Syn.

Tha

lass

ioth

rix

frau

enfe

ldii

Gru

now

Tha

lass

ione

ma

nitz

schi

oide

s (G

runo

w)

Mer

esch

kow

sky.

[100

,103

]C

ar,C

NP,

CT

P,E

TP,

GM

,IO

,Med

,N

EA

,SA

,SE

P[3

, 9,1

0, 1

9, 2

0, 2

1, 4

1, 8

0, 9

0,

96, 1

01]

Syn.

Tha

lass

ioth

rix

nitz

schi

oide

s G

runo

wT

hala

ssio

nem

a ni

tzsc

hioi

des

var.

parv

a H

eide

n &

Kol

be[1

00,1

03]

n.a.

n.a.

Tha

lass

ione

ma

pseu

doni

tzch

ioid

es (

Schu

ette

&

Sch

rade

r) H

asle

[NR

]T

P[4

4]

Cla

ss B

AC

ILL

AR

IOP

HY

CE

AE

Ord

er B

AC

ILL

AR

IAL

ES

Ach

nant

hes

long

ipes

Aga

rdh

[103

]C

ar,E

P,G

M,N

EA

[8, 6

5, 7

2, 8

8]A

mph

ora

spp.

[NR

]n.

a.[9

0]B

acil

lari

a pa

xill

ifer

(M

lle

r) H

ende

y[1

00,1

03]

Car

,GM

,IO

,NE

A,N

WP

[19,

21,

65,

72,

87,

90,

96]

Syn.

Nit

zsch

ia p

arad

oxa

(Gm

el.)

Gru

n.Sy

n. B

acil

lari

a pa

rado

xa G

mel

inC

occo

neis

pla

cent

ula

Ehr

eber

g[N

R]

Car

,EC

,IO

[21,

72,

90]

Cyl

indr

othe

ca c

lost

eriu

m (

Ehr

enbe

rg)

Rei

nman

&

Lew

in.

[100

,103

]C

ar,E

C,C

NP,

ET

P,G

M,I

O,M

ed,

NE

A,S

A,S

EP

[3, 9

, 10,

19,

20,

21,

72,

90,

96,

10

1]Sy

n. N

itzs

chia

clo

ster

ium

(E

hren

berg

) W

. Sm

ithE

ntom

onei

s al

ata

(Ehr

enbe

rg)

Ehr

enbe

rg[N

R]

Car

[8]

Has

lea

gret

haru

m S

imon

sen

[103

]IO

[90]

(con

tinue

d)

Phytoplankton 9

10 Species List

Spec

ies

Lis

t 1.

2 (c

ontin

ued)

Spec

ies

and

com

mon

syn

onym

sR

epor

ts f

or C

.R.a

Wor

ld r

epor

tsb

Ref

eren

ces

for

wor

ld r

epor

tsc

Has

lea

waw

rika

e (H

uste

dt)

Sim

onse

n. S

yn. N

avic

ula

waw

rika

e H

uste

dt[1

00,1

03]

Car

,GM

,IO

[82,

87,

90]

Nav

icul

a m

embr

anac

ea C

leve

[100

,103

]E

TP,

GM

,NE

A[2

0, 6

5, 8

7]N

itzs

chia

bic

apit

ata

Cle

ve[1

00,1

03]

CN

P,C

TP,

IO[4

1, 9

0, 1

01]

Nit

zsch

ia b

ilob

ata

Wm

. Sm

ith[1

00]

Car

[21]

Nit

zsch

ia l

ongi

ssim

a (B

rebi

sson

) R

alfs

[100

,103

]C

ar,E

TP,

GM

,IO

,SE

P[3

, 19,

20,

21,

96]

Nit

zsch

ia p

acifi

ca C

upp

[100

]C

TP

[41]

Nit

zsch

ia p

andu

rifo

rmis

Gre

g.[N

R]

GM

,IO

[87,

96]

Nit

zsch

ia p

lana

Wm

. Sm

ith[N

R]

n.a.

n.a.

Pach

ynei

s ge

rlac

hii S

imon

sen

[103

]IO

[90]

Pla

giot

ropi

s su

bala

ta (

Cle

ve)

Padd

ock

[NR

]IO

[90]

Syn.

Tro

pido

neis

max

ima

var.

subs

alsa

Cle

veP

leur

osig

ma

angu

latu

m W

m. S

mith

[103

]C

ar,E

C,G

M[8

, 21,

72,

88]

Ple

uros

igm

a el

onga

tum

Wm

. Sm

ith[1

00,1

03]

IO[9

6]P

leur

osig

ma

nico

bari

cum

Gru

now

[103

]E

C[1

8]P

sam

mod

icty

on p

andu

rifo

rme

(Gre

gory

) M

ann

Syn.

N

itzs

chia

pan

duri

form

is G

rego

ry[1

03]

Car

[21]

Pse

udo-

nitz

schi

a de

lica

tiss

ima

(Cle

ve)

Hei

den.

Syn

. N

itzs

chia

del

icat

issi

ma

Cle

ve[1

00]

Ant

,NE

A,S

A,S

EP

[9, 1

0, 4

5, 6

4, 8

6]

Pse

udo-

nitz

schi

a fr

audu

lent

a C

leve

.[1

00,1

03]

SE[8

6]Sy

n. N

itzs

chia

fra

udul

enta

Cle

veP

seud

o-ni

tzsc

hia

line

ola

(Cle

ve)

Has

le.

[NR

]A

nt,S

EP

[39,

86]

Syn.

Nit

zsch

ia l

ineo

la C

leve

Pse

udo-

nitz

schi

a pu

ngen

s (G

runo

w e

x C

leve

) H

asle

.[N

R]

Au,

Car

,CT

P,E

C,G

M,S

A,S

EP

[9, 1

9, 2

1, 3

0, 4

0, 4

1, 7

2, 8

6, 8

8]Sy

n. N

itzs

chia

pun

gens

Gru

now

ex

Cle

veP

seud

o-ni

tzsc

hia

subf

raud

ulen

ta (

Has

le)

Has

le. S

yn.

Nit

zsch

ia s

ubfr

audu

lent

a H

asle

[103

]G

M,I

O[9

0, 3

9]

Suri

rell

a fa

stuo

sa (

Ehr

enbe

rg)

Kt

zing

[100

,103

]C

ar,G

M,I

O[1

9, 2

1, 8

8, 9

0]

DIN

OPH

YTA

Cla

ss D

INO

PH

YC

EA

EO

rder

PR

OR

OC

EN

TR

AL

ES

Pro

roce

ntru

m a

poru

m (

Schi

ller)

Dod

ge[N

R]

Car

,Med

,NE

A,T

A,T

P[2

3]P

roro

cent

rum

bal

ticu

m (

Loh

man

n) L

oebl

ich

III

Syn.

E

xuvi

aell

a ba

ltic

a L

ohm

ann

[99,

100,

104]

Ca,

EP,

GM

,NE

A,N

WA

,SW

A,

NW

P,N

EP

[5, 1

0, 2

3, 4

1, 5

2, 6

3, 6

6]

Pro

roce

ntru

m c

ompr

essu

m (

Bai

ley)

Ab

ex

Dod

ge[N

R]

Au,

Ca,

Med

,NE

A,N

WA

,NW

P, S

WA

[5, 2

3, 4

7, 4

8, 5

2, 6

6]P

roro

cent

rum

den

tatu

m S

tein

[NR

]B

I,C

a,M

ed,T

A,T

P,N

WA

,NW

P[2

2, 2

3, 5

2, 5

3, 6

6]P

roro

cent

rum

gra

cile

Sch

tt

[35,

99,1

00]

Ca,

Car

,Med

,NE

A,N

WA

,SW

A, T

P[5

, 21,

22,

23,

48,

52,

53,

66]

Pro

roce

ntru

m l

ima

(Ehr

enbe

rg)

Dod

ge[N

R]

Au,

Ca,

Car

,EC

,GM

,NE

A[2

1, 2

3, 3

0, 4

8, 5

2, 6

3, 6

6, 7

2]P

roro

cent

rum

max

imun

(G

ourr

et)

Schi

ller

[99]

Ca,

Car

,EP,

IO,M

ed,G

P,T

P[2

1, 2

2, 2

3, 3

6, 4

1, 5

2, 5

3, 6

6]Sy

n. P

roro

cent

rum

mex

ican

um O

sori

o-Ta

fall

Pro

roce

ntru

m m

ican

s E

hren

berg

[35,

99,1

00]

Ca,

Car

,Med

,SA

,SE

P,SW

A,T

P[2

, 5, 9

, 20,

21,

52,

53,

66,

76]

Pro

roce

ntru

m m

inim

um (

Pavi

llard

) Sc

hille

r[N

R]

Au,

Ca,

Car

,Med

,NE

P,N

WP,

NW

A,S

WA

,TP

[6, 2

1, 2

2, 2

3, 2

7, 3

0, 5

3, 6

1, 6

3]

Pro

roce

ntru

m r

ostr

atum

Ste

in[N

R]

Au,

Ca,

Car

,IO

,Med

,TA

,TP,

SWA

[5, 2

1, 2

2, 2

3, 4

8, 5

2, 5

3, 6

6]P

roro

cent

rum

tri

esti

num

Sch

iller

[NR

]B

I,M

ed,N

WA

,NW

P,SE

A,T

P[2

1, 2

2, 2

3, 5

3, 6

9]O

rder

DIN

OP

HY

SIA

LE

SA

mph

isol

enia

bid

enta

ta S

chr

der

[NR

]C

a,C

ar,T

P,TA

,TP

[21,

48,

52,

66]

Din

ophy

sis

acut

a E

hren

berg

[NR

]A

u,C

a,C

ar,G

M,M

ed,N

EA

,SW

P[1

0, 1

2, 2

1, 2

3, 3

0, 6

3, 8

4]D

inop

hysi

s ca

udat

a Sa

ville

-Ken

t.[3

5,99

,100

]C

a,C

ar,G

M,M

ed,N

EA

,SW

A,T

A[5

, 6, 1

9, 2

0, 2

1, 5

1, 5

2, 6

4, 6

6]Sy

n. D

inop

hysi

s ho

mun

culu

s St

ein

Din

ophy

sis

fort

ii P

avill

ard

[NR

]C

a,M

ed,S

A,S

WA

,SW

P,TA

,TP

[5, 9

, 12,

48,

52,

66]

Din

ophy

sis

hast

ata

Stei

n[N

R]

Ca,

Car

,BI,

GM

,TA

,TP,

NE

A,S

WA

[5, 2

1, 5

2, 6

6, 8

4]D

inop

hysi

s ov

um S

cht

t[9

9]C

a,C

ar,N

EA

,NW

A,S

WA

,SW

P[1

2, 2

1, 2

3, 5

2, 6

6]D

inop

hysi

s tr

ipos

Gou

rret

[NR

]C

a,C

ar,G

M,N

WA

,SW

A,S

WP

[5, 6

, 12,

19,

21,

51,

52,

66]

Orn

itho

cerc

us m

agni

ficus

Ste

in[N

R]

Ca,

Car

,Med

,GM

,TA

,TP

[21,

48,

52,

66,

83]

Pha

lacr

oma

mit

ra S

cht

t[N

R]

Car

,SW

A[5

, 21]

Pha

lacr

oma

rotu

ndat

um (

Cla

pare

de &

Lac

hman

n)

Kof

oid

& M

iche

ner

[99]

Au,

Car

,NE

A,N

WP,

NW

A,S

A,

SWA

,SW

P[5

, 9, 1

0, 1

2, 1

3, 2

1, 3

0]

Syn.

Din

ophy

sis

rotu

ndat

a C

lapa

rede

& L

achm

ann

Ord

er G

ON

YA

UL

AC

AL

ES

Ale

xand

rium

cat

enel

la (

Whe

don

& K

ofoi

d) B

alec

h[1

00,1

04]

Au,

Ca,

NE

P,N

EA

,NW

A,N

WP,

N

WA

,SA

,SE

P,T

P[6

, 9, 2

3, 3

0, 5

2, 1

06]

(con

tinue

d)

Phytoplankton 11

12 Species List

Spec

ies

Lis

t 1.

2 (c

ontin

ued)

Spec

ies

and

com

mon

syn

onym

sR

epor

ts f

or C

.R.a

Wor

ld r

epor

tsb

Ref

eren

ces

for

wor

ld r

epor

tsc

Syn.

Gon

yaul

ax c

aten

ella

Whe

don

& K

ofoi

dA

lexa

ndri

um m

onil

atum

(H

owel

l) B

alec

h[9

9,10

0,10

4]C

a,C

ar,G

M,N

WA

,SE

P[6

, 21,

52,

54,

66,

105

]Sy

n. G

essn

eriu

m m

onil

atum

(H

owel

l) L

oebl

ich

Am

ylax

tri

acan

ta (

Jrg

ense

n) S

ourn

ia[N

R]

Ca,

Car

,NE

A[1

0, 2

1, 2

3, 5

2, 6

6]Sy

n. G

onya

ulax

tri

acan

ta J

rge

nsen

Cer

atiu

m a

zori

cum

Cle

ve[N

R]

Ca,

Car

,IO

,Med

,NE

A,S

EP,

SWA

,SW

P,T

P[5

, 8, 2

0, 2

1, 2

3, 4

6, 4

8, 5

2, 6

6]

Cer

atiu

m c

ande

labr

um (

Ehr

enbe

rg)

Stei

n[1

00]

Ca,

Car

,EP,

Med

,NE

A,T

A,S

WA

[5, 2

0, 2

1, 2

3, 4

1, 4

8, 5

2, 6

6]C

erat

ium

den

s O

sten

feld

& S

chm

idth

[NR

]A

u,C

a,SA

,SW

A,T

P[5

, 9, 1

6, 4

7, 4

8, 1

08]

Cer

atiu

m f

urca

Cla

pare

de &

Lac

hman

n[3

5,10

0]A

u,C

a,C

ar,G

M,I

O,M

ed,N

WA

,SA

,SE

A,S

WA

[5, 9

, 19,

20,

21,

46,

52,

66]

Cer

atiu

m f

urca

var

. hir

cus

(Sch

ede

r) M

arga

leff

ex

Sour

nia

[NR

]C

a,C

ar,G

M,S

WA

[5, 5

2]

Cer

atiu

m f

usus

(E

hren

berg

) D

ujar

din

[35,

100]

Ca,

Car

,EP,

GM

,Med

,NE

A,T

A,T

P,SW

A[5

, 10,

19,

20,

21,

41,

52,

66]

Cer

atiu

m k

ofoi

dii J

rge

nsen

[NR

]C

a,C

ar,T

P,SW

A[5

, 21,

52,

66]

Cer

atiu

m l

inea

tum

(E

hren

berg

) C

leve

[100

]A

u,C

a,C

ar,B

I,N

EA

,NW

A,S

A,

SEA

,SE

P,SW

A[5

, 9, 2

1, 2

3, 4

6, 4

8, 5

2, 6

6]

Cer

atiu

m m

acro

cero

s (E

hren

berg

) V

anh

ffen

[100

]C

a,C

ar,B

I,G

M,N

EA

,SW

A,T

A,T

P[5

, 19,

21,

23,

48,

52,

66,

]C

erat

ium

mas

sili

ense

(G

ourr

et)

Jrg

ense

n[N

R]

Ca,

Car

,GM

,IO

,Med

,NE

A,S

EP,

SE

A,S

WA

,SW

P[5

, 19,

20,

21,

23,

46,

48,

52,

66]

Cer

atiu

m m

inut

um J

rge

nsen

[NR

]A

u,C

a,M

ed,N

EA

,NW

A[7

, 23,

52,

66]

Cer

atiu

m p

enta

gonu

m G

ourr

et[N

R]

Ca,

Car

,EP,

GM

,Med

,SW

A[5

, 19,

20,

21,

41,

48,

52,

66]

Cer

atiu

m t

ripo

s (M

lle

r) N

itzsc

h[1

00]

Ca,

Car

,GM

,Med

,NE

A,S

EP,

SWA

[5, 1

9, 2

0, 2

1, 4

6, 4

8, 5

2, 6

6]C

erat

ocor

ys h

orri

da S

tein

[NR

]C

a,C

ar,M

ed,S

WA

,TA

[5, 2

0, 2

1, 5

2, 6

6]G

onya

ulax

dig

ital

e (P

ouch

.) K

ofoi

d[3

5,99

]A

u,C

a,C

ar,M

ed,N

EA

[10,

20,

21,

23,

52,

66,

108

]G

onya

ulax

gri

ndle

yi R

eine

cke

[99]

Ca,

Med

,NE

A,S

EA

,SW

A[5

, 7, 2

3, 5

2, 6

6]Sy

n. P

roto

cera

tium

ret

icul

atum

(C

lapa

rede

&

Lac

hman

n) B

utsc

hli.

Gon

yaul

ax p

olyg

ram

ma

Stei

n[9

9]A

u,C

a,C

ar,E

P,G

M,I

O,M

ed,N

EA

,TA

,TP,

SWA

[5, 2

0, 2

1, 3

0, 4

1, 4

6, 5

2, 6

6, 9

4]

Gon

yaul

ax s

pini

fera

(C

lapa

rede

& L

achm

ann)

Die

sing

[99]

Ca,

EC

,NE

A,S

a,SW

A,T

P,TA

[5, 9

, 10,

23,

52,

66,

72]

Gon

yaul

ax t

urby

nei M

urra

y &

Whi

ting

[NR

]A

u,N

EA

,SW

A[5

, 23,

108

]L

ingu

lodi

nium

pol

yedr

um (

Stei

n) D

odge

[99]

Ca,

Car

,Med

,NE

A,S

A,S

WA

,TP

[2, 5

, 7, 9

, 10,

20,

23,

27,

47,

52,

66]

Syn.

Gon

yaul

ax p

olye

dra

Stei

nO

xyto

xum

sco

lopa

x St

ein

[NR

]E

P,G

M,N

EA

,SW

A,S

WP

[5, 1

9, 2

3, 4

1, 8

2]P

yroc

ysti

s lu

nula

(Sc

htt)

Sch

tt

[NR

]C

a,M

ed,S

WA

[5, 2

0, 2

3, 5

2, 6

6]P

yroc

ysti

s no

ctil

uca

Mur

ray

ex S

cht

t[N

R]

Ca,

Med

,NE

A,S

WA

,SE

A[5

, 20,

23,

52,

65,

66]

Syn.

Pyr

ocys

tis

pseu

dono

ctil

uca

Wyv

ille-

Tho

mps

onP

yrod

iniu

m b

aham

ense

var

. com

pres

sum

(B

hm

) St

eidi

nger

Tes

ter

& T

aylo

r[3

5,72

,99,

100]

Au,

Ca,

Car

,IO

,SW

P,T

P[4

, 30,

52,

66,