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School of Engineering

a brief background to the project, what is it about;

clear aim and objectives of the project, as proposed by you.

project deliverables (What the output / achievables of the project

will be)

identification of resources requirements, such as materials,

equipment and technician support

a list of any references you have identified to date which may

support your work

your project plan (A detailed Gantt chart) that identifies the work

required and timescales involved in completing your project on

time. (1500 word limit)

Project Proposal

What should you cover?

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Do you know, and can express in yourown words, what your project isabout

You know what the aim is and can

define the objectives

You have a reasonable idea of what isrequired (Resources, timescales,

effort etc) to complete the project

Project Proposal

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An outline or detail of any solution

WHAT IT IS NOT!"

At this stage you are considering what is to be done and how

you are going to go about it.

You should not propose or even suggest a solution

Project Proposal

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In producing the Specification you areensuring that you fully understand whatthe project is about and what needs tobe done.

Any discrepancies / misunderstandingswill come to light and be dealt with at

this early stage before you havecommitted much time to the work.

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I keep six honest serving-men

(They taught me all I knew);

Their names are What and Why and WhenAnd How and Where and Who.from "The Elephant's Child

by Rudyard Kipling

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WHAT is the purpose of the project ?(Think wider than just the Aim)

WHAT are the main aspects I need to research/design/ analyse _ _ _ _ ?

WHAT are the key things that will come out of thework? (Objectives)

WHAT am I going to do to complete it?What tasks, in what order, by when ?(Project plan, Gantt chart)

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When should you start writing yourreport?

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Typical Report Structure

Title Page Summary

(sometimes called abstract or executive summary) Acknowledgements

(if you have received help from anyone)

Table of contentsand possibly:- List of Tables

Table of Figures List of symbols, abbreviations, acronyms,

definitions Introduction

MAIN BODY OF REPORT Conclusions

Recommendations (if any) References and/or Bibliography

Appendices

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Report Structure

Title - Concise but complete as possible

Author - You

- Your Programme

Date - of submission (April 2012)

TITLE PAGE

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Report Writing

CONTENTS

Section Numbers:-Suggest using decimal numbering system.

Section Titles:-

Short but consistent with reader being able tofind information efficiently.

E.g. 3 Results3.1 Laboratory tests

3.1.1 Engine emissions3.1.2 Noise levels3.2 Field tests

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Report Writing

PAGE No.1. Introduction 1

2. Testing Programme 3

3. Results 10

4. Discussion 16

5. Conclusions 17

Appendices 18

Uninformative contents page

CONTENTS PAGE

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Report Writing

1. Introduction2. Testing Programme

3. Results of Laboratory Tests3.1 Engine emissions

3.2 Noise levels

4. Results of Field Tests4.1 Barometric pressures

4.2 Atmospheric pollution

4.2.1 Nitrates

4.3 Wind speeds

5. Discussion6. Conclusions

Appendices

Informative contentspage

CONTENTS PAGE

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Report Writing

1. Introduction

2. Testing Programme


3.2 Noise levels

4. Results of Field Tests

4.1 Barometric pressures


4.2.1 Nitrates

4.3 Wind speeds

5. Discussion

6. Conclusions

Appendices

1. Introduction

2. Testing Programme

3. Results of Laboratory Tests

3.1 Engine emissions

3.2 Noise levels

4. Results of Field Tests

4.1 Barometric pressures


4.2.1 Nitrates

4.3 Wind speeds

5. Discussion

6. Conclusions

Appendices

(Good practice) (Bad practice)CONTENTS PAGE

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1. Introduction

Objectives; Background; What the tests are for; What tests

are to be carried out; What you are expecting; etc

2. Testing ProgrammeList of tests; Description of each test; Details of equipment;

Detail of test conditions; Pictures and figures; etc


Details of results for each engine emission test; Tables ofresults; Graphs of results; Figures as appropriate; etc

3.2 Noise levels

Details of results for each noise level test; Tables of results;

Graphs of results; Figures as appropriate; etc

Use the Contents Page to start your reportwhich you can use as your Task List

Note what you are going to include in each section, in red

Example:-

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Report Writing

May also include such information as:-

Background, context and significance Historical information Why the work was done Scope and Limitations Treatment of subject Outline of work done What results are expected

INTRODUCTION

Must clearly set out aims and objectives for thework or project covered by the report.

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Report Writing

CONCLUSIONS

No New information should be introduced

Summarise what has been concluded from thework done. (As drawn out in the discussion)

Ensure that you cover all aspects of the workoutlined in the introduction.(Consider Introduction and Conclusions as bookends)

Refer back to sections that support theconclusions

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Report Writing

Main Body will consist of several chapters.

Examples:- Background, context and significance

Historical information, details of previouswork, literature survey Why the work is needed Work done, experimental methods Results Discussion of results (See next slide)

MAIN BODY

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Report Writing

Must deal with:- What is implied by the data Inferences

o Talk about the results, dont just repeat them

o Trends and changeso Comparisons and contrastso Differenceso Causes and effectso Implications for the future

o Draw conclusions

DISCUSSION

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REFERENCES

Are works specifically referred to in the text of thereport

You must list ALL your references

Always quote a reference if you include in your report

any information from another source Use of references allow you to quote, legitimately, from

other peoples work, without laying yourself open toaccusations of plagarism.

Avoid general statements such as Research has shownthat or it has previously been established.

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CITING REFERENCES

Name and Year (Harvard) System

Publication identified by names of authorsfollowed by year of publication

Examples:- Brown (1999) conducted experiments on

Brown and Smith (2000) established that

Brown et al (2001) concluded that

Many previous researchers have studied theproperties of the material (Brown, 1997; Smith,1998; Jones 2002)

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Report Writing

SummaryOrder of Writing!

Contents rough draft with notes Main body References and/or Bibliography Introduction and Conclusions

Recommendations Final copy of contents page including page

numbers List of figures and Tables

Summary /Abstract Title page

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Report Writing

Lastly - APPENDICES

Appendices, like our own appendix, we can livewithout.

Appendices are used to provide informationwhich you think the reader may like to see but is

not essential to the report. It is backgroundinformation.

Any information which is essential to the reportshould be in to body of the report.

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AmbiguityThe processor interfaced directly with the 64015RAM chip. It runs at 6 MHz.

Clear-The processor interfaced directly with the 64015RAM chip. The 64015 runs at 6 MHz.

VaguenessDesign of the gearbox is several weeks behindschedule.

Clear-Design of the gearbox is 6 weeks behind schedule.

Things to avoid in your report

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Superfluous qualification of words -absolutely perfect - perfect.in actual fact - in factdefinitely correct - correct

Tautology postponed to a later date - postponed.each individual person - each personequally as good - equally good or as good

Things to avoid in your report

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END

week4_Lecture 2 - 2012_13

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