Week American Government Folders

12.1 Students explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential documents of American democracy.

1.

12.1.1 12.1.1 Analyze the influence of ancient Greek, Roman, English, and leading European political thinkers such as John Locke, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Niccolò Machiavelli, and William Blackstone on the development of American government. p. 3 — Government and the Public Good; What is Government? p. 4 — Functions of Government: Maintaining Order (p. 4); Public Service (p. 6); Resolving Conflict (p. 6); Promoting Values (p. 6) p.15-17 — Forms of Democracy: Direct Democracy & Representative Democracy; Case Study; Shaping Political History p. 251 — Philosophy and the U.S. Court System

2.

12.1.2 Discuss the character of American democracy and its promise and perils as articulated by Alexis de Tocqueville.

Handout: CRF-USA.org “The Citizen in Tocqueville’s America”

3.

12.1.3 Explain how the U.S. Constitution reflects a balance between the classical republican concern with promotion of the public good and the classical liberal concern with protecting individual rights; and discuss how the basic premises of liberal constitutionalism and democracy are joined in the Declaration of Independence as "self-evident truths."

p. 12 – Benefits of a Democracy p. 12 – Allowing choice p. 13 – Citizens in Action p. 14 – Recognizing Individual Worth p. 14 - Promoting Respect for Law p. 14 – Protecting Minority Rights

p. 14 – Promoting the Public Good

4.

12.1.4 Explain how the Founding Fathers' realistic view of human nature led directly to the establishment of a constitutional system that limited the power of the governors and the governed as articulated in the Federalist Papers

p. 35 – Constitutional Convention p. 35 – The Delegates p. 36 – Rival Plans p. 36 – Virginia Plan p. 37 – New Jersey Plan p. 38 – The Great Compromise p. 38 – Settling Other Issues p. 38 – Slavery p. 39 – Trade p. 39 – The Presidency p. 40 – Anti-Federalists p. 41 – Federalists p. 41 – Ratification p. 45 – Analyzing Primary Sources p. 81 – Checking Power p. 265 – Refusing to Obey Court Decisions

5.

12.1.5 Describe the systems of separated and shared powers, the role of organized interests (Federalist Paper Number 10), checks and balances (Federalist Paper Number 51), the importance of an independent judiciary (Federalist Paper Number 78), enumerated powers, rule of law, federalism, and civilian control of the military.

p. 40 – Federalists and Anti-Federalists p. 41 – Federalists, Ratification p. 42 – Section 5 Review p. 47 – Popular Sovereignty p. 48 – Limited Government, Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances, Executive & Legislative p. 40-42 – Ratifying the Constitution

p. 47-50 – Basic Principles

6.

12.1.6 Understand that the Bill of Rights limits the powers of the federal government and state governments p. 53 – The 27 Amendments, Protecting Individual Freedoms, Expanding “We The People”—High School: Pg. 98: Amendments to the Constitution Pg. 99-100: Congress’ response

12.2 Students evaluate and take and defend positions on the scope and limits of rights and obligations as democratic citizens, the relationships among them, and how they are secured.

7.

12.2.1 Discuss the meaning and importance of each of the rights guaranteed under the Bill of Rights and how each is secured (e.g., freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, petition, privacy). Pg. 53 Pg. 297-298 Pg. 300-314: Amend #1 Pg. 319-325: Amend #4 Pg. 326-328: Amend #5 Pg. 329-332: Amend #6 Pg. 332-334: Amend #8 Pg R39-R41: Bill of Rights “We the People”: Lesson 23-27, Protecting our Basic Rights “We the People—Citizen & Constitution”: Lesson 29-34, Bill of Rights

8.

12.2.2 Explain how economic rights are secured and their importance to the individual and to society (e.g., the right to acquire, use, transfer, and dispose of property; right to choose one's work; right to join or not join labor unions; copyright and patent).

“We The People”: Lesson 29, Rights & Responsibilities of Citizenship—Economic rights Use Economics text as resource for 12.2.2

9.

12.2.3 Discuss the individual's legal obligations to obey the law, serve as a juror, and pay taxes.

Pg. 4: Social contract (2 paragraphs) Pg. 191-192: Income taxes Pg. 195: Taxes & public good “We The People”: Ch. 29, Rights & Responsibilities of Citizenship “We the People—Citizen & Constitution”: Lesson 36, Citizenship

10.

12.2.4 Understand the obligations of civic-mindedness, including voting, being informed on civic issues, volunteering and performing public service, and serving in the military or alternative service. Pg. 12-15: Benefits of Democracy Pg. 13: Citizenship in Action, Teenage Volunteers “We the People”—Level 2 Pg. 26-27: Ideas for discussion Pg. 28: Civic Virtue Pg. 251: Philosophy and the U.S. court system Pg. 152: Careers in Government—The military

11.

12.2.5 Describe the reciprocity between rights and obligations; that is, why enjoyment of one's rights entails respect for the rights of others. Citizenship in Action: p. 13, 54, 125, 171, 236, 284, 309, 354, 423, 433, 483, 541

12.

12.2.6 Explain how one becomes a citizen of the United States, including the process of naturalization (e.g., literacy, language, and other requirements). p. 339 – Becoming a U.S. Citizen, By Birth p. 340 – Through Naturalization p. 341 – Losing Citizenship p. R43 – Fourteenth Amendment, Section 1

12.3 Students evaluate and take and defend positions on what the fundamental values and principles of civil society are (i.e., the autonomous sphere of voluntary personal, social,

and economic relations that are not part of government), their interdependence, and the meaning and importance of those values and principles for a free society.

13.

12.3.1 Explain how civil society provides opportunities for individuals to associate for social, cultural, religious, economic, and political purposes. p. 3 – What is Government? p. 4 – Origins of Government, Functions of Government, Maintaining Order p. 12 – Benefits of Democracy, Allowing Choice p. 13 – Citizenship in Action p. 14 – Recognizing Individual Worth, Promoting Respect for Law, Protecting Minority Rights p. 53 – The 27th Amendment, Protecting Individual Freedoms, Expanding Voting and Other Rights p. 385 – Functions of Interest Groups, Organizing People, Providing for Political Participation p. 393 – Lobbying Today p. 396 – Benefits of Interest Groups, Representing Minority Concerns

14.

12.3.2 Explain how civil society makes it possible for people, individually or in association with others, to bring their influence to bear on government in ways other than voting and elections. p. 12 – Benefits of Democracy, Allowing Choice p. 94 – Interest Groups p. 94 – Constituents’ Interests p. 129 – Influence of Special Interests. Interest Groups, Home Districts p. 132 – Section 4 Review p. 385 – Functions of Interest Groups, Organizing People, Providing for Political Participation p. 392 – Lobbying

15.

12.3.3 Discuss the historical role of religion and religious diversity

p. 300 – The Establishment Clause; Religion in Public Schools

p. 301 – Government Aid for Religion p. 302 – Taxes and Religion, Custom and Religion, The Free Exercise Clause p. 303 – Section 2 Review

16.

12.3.4 Compare the relationship of government and civil society in constitutional democracies to the relationship of government and civil society in authoritarian and totalitarian regimes.

p. 518 – Spreading Communism, Joseph Stalin p. 16 – Representative Democracy, Section 3 Review p. 9 – Dictatorships p. 15 – Promoting the Public Good, Forms of Democracy p. 8 – Sources of Authority, Monarchies, Republics crf-usa.org “Machiavelli and the Prince” and “The Stalin Purges”

12.4 Students analyze the unique roles and responsibilities of the three branches of government as established by the U.S. Constitution.

17.

12.4.1 Discuss Article I of the Constitution as it relates to the legislative branch, including eligibility for office and lengths of terms of representatives and senators; election to office; the roles of the House and Senate in impeachment proceedings; the role of the vice president; the enumerated legislative powers; and the process by which a bill becomes a law. p. R28 – Article I, Section 1, 2 p. R29 – Article I, Section 3, 4 p. R30 – Article I, Section 5, 6, 7 p. R31 – Article I, Section 9, 10 p. R33 – Article I, Section 10

12.4.2 Explain the process through which the Constitution can be amended. p. 51-55 – Amending the Constitution

12.4.3 Identify their current representatives in the legislative branch of the national government. p. 95 – Careers in Government, “Congress Member” p. 98-101 – House of Representatives

12.4.4 Discuss Article II of the Constitution as it relates to the executive branch,

including eligibility for office and length of term, election to and removal from office, the oath of office, and the enumerated executive powers.

p. 143 – The Presidential Office p. 143-144 – The President’s Roles p. 145-146 – Qualifications and Terms of Office p. 148 – Executive Powers p. 149 – Diplomatic Powers p. 151 – Military Powers p. 153 – Legislative Powers p. R33-R35 – Article II

12.4.5 Discuss Article III of the Constitution as it relates to judicial power, including the length of terms of judges and the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. p. 48 – Separation of Powers, Articles I, II, III p. 250 –Authority and the Courts p. R26/R35 – Article III p. 152 – Judicial Powers p. 269 – The Federal Court System

12.4.6 Explain the processes of selection and confirmation of Supreme Court justices. p. 256 – Discuss the Supreme Court decision at the bottom of the page and its impact. p. 265 – Supreme Court Power p. 481 – Separation of Powers

12.5 Students summarize landmark U.S. Supreme Court interpretations of the Constitution and its amendments.

12.5.1 Understand the changing interpretations of the Bill of Rights over time, including interpretations of the basic freedoms (religion, speech, press, petition, and assembly) articulated in the First Amendment and the due process and equal-protection-of-the-law clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment. p. 51 – (Section 2) Amending the Constitution

p. 51 – Methods of Amending the Constitution p. 52 – Proposing Amendments p. 52 – Ratifying Amendments p. 53 – The 27 Amendments p. 53 – Protecting Individual Rights p. 53 – Expanding Voting and Other Rights p. 55 – Extending Government Powers p. 55 – Ratification Deadlines p. 319 – Due Process of Law

12.5.2 Analyze judicial activism and judicial restraint and the effects of each policy over the decades (e.g., the Warren and Rehnquist courts). p. 264 – Judicial Restraint vs. Judicial Activism p. 265 – Checking Judicial Power p. 265 – Passing Amendments p. 265-266 – Refusing to Obey Court Decisions

18.

12.5.3 Evaluate the effects of the Court's interpretations of the Constitution in Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, and United States v. Nixon, with emphasis on the arguments espoused by each side in these cases.

p. 49-50 – Judicial Review p. R8 – Marbury vs. Madison p., 70-71 – The Courts and the Federal System p. 56 – A Flexible Document

19.

12.5.4 Explain the controversies that have resulted over changing interpretations of civil rights, including those in Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board of Education, Miranda v. Arizona, Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena, and United States v. Virginia (VMI).

p. R12 – Plessy vs. Ferguson p. R13 – Miranda vs. Arizona p. R14 – Regents vs. Bakke

12.6 Students evaluate issues regarding campaigns for national, state, and local elective offices.

12.6.1 Analyze the origin, development, and role of political parties, noting those occasional periods in which there was only one major party or were more than two major parties.

Chapter 18 p. 404 – Introduction to Political Parties p. 405-406 – Functions of Political Parties p. 407-408 – Types of Political Parties p. 409-411 – Early Political Parties p. 412-415 – Development of Political Parties

p. 416-420 – Local, State, and National Parties

20.

12.6.2 Discuss the history of the nomination process for presidential candidates and the increasing importance of primaries in general elections.

p. 429 – Caucuses p. 430 – Convention Petitions p. 431 – Primary Election p. 432 – Closed, Open, Run-off, and Non-Partisan Primaries

21.

12.6.3 Evaluate the roles of polls, campaign advertising, and the controversies over campaign funding.

Chapter 9, Section 2 p. 435-436 – Candidate Visibility p. 436-437 – Media Involvement, Polling, Campaign Financing p. 438 – Regulation of Campaign Financing

22. 12.6.4 Describe the means that citizens use to participate in the political process (e.g., voting, campaigning, lobbying, filing a legal challenge, demonstrating, petitioning, picketing, running for political office).

p. 313-314 – Picketing p. 312-314 – Demonstrating & Protests

p. 445 – voting p. 463-464 – Referendum p. 463 – Initiatives p. 463-464 – Political Process p. 312-314 – Freedom of Assembly p. 106 – Impeachment p. 435-439 – Campaigns & Campaign Financing

Candidate Visibility

Campaign Appearances

Campaign in Person Today Media Involvement

Early Campaign Advertising

Media Campaign Today

Polling

Campaign Financing Party Assistance

Political Action Committees (PACs)

Private Donors

Public Funding

Personal Financing

23.

12.6.5 Discuss the features of direct democracy in numerous states (e.g., the process of referendums, recall elections).

p. 15 – Direct Democracy (definition) p. 461-462 – State Constitutions p. 462-464 – State Government and the People; Referenda; Recalls p. 465 – The State Government and the Public Good

24. 12.6.6 Analyze trends in voter turnout; the causes and effects of reapportionment and redistricting, with special attention to spatial districting and the rights of minorities; and the function of the Electoral College.

p. 99 – Congressional Districts p. 100 – Gerrymandering p. 101 – Continued Gerrymandering p. 106 – Decided Elections: The Electoral College p. 157 – Electoral College p. 158 – Electoral College p. 163 – Electoral College p. 164 – Electoral College

12.7 Students analyze and compare the powers and procedures of the national, state, tribal, and local governments.

25.

12.7.1 Explain how conflicts between levels of government and branches of government are resolved. p. 148-Presidential powers p. 152-Judicial powers p. 153-Legislative powers p. 154-Growth of Presidential Power

12.7.2 Identify the major responsibilities and sources of revenue for state and local governments. Chapter 21.3, pages 493-496 p. 493-property taxes p. 494- sales taxes, income taxes p. 494- fees

26.

12.7.3 Discuss reserved powers and concurrent powers of state governments.

Chapter 4- p. 68-powers of state government, reserved and concurrent powers

27.

12.7.4 Discuss the Ninth and Tenth Amendments and interpretations of the extent of the federal government's power.

P. 68-69

28.

12.7.5 Explain how public policy is formed, including the setting of the public agenda and implementation of it through regulations and executive orders. HRW, American Government, Chapter 17 (383-403)

29.

12.7.6 Compare the processes of lawmaking at each of the three levels of government, including the role of lobbying and the media. HRW, American Government, Chapter 4, Chapter 5

30.

12.7.7 Identify the organization and jurisdiction of federal, state, and local (e.g., California) courts and the interrelationships among them. HRW, American Government, Chapter 11 pp. 248-269 p. 249: Role of the Courts--Resolving Disputes, Setting Precedents, Interpreting the Law, p. 250: Authority of the Courts p. 252: Lower Court Organization—District Courts, Courts of Appeal, Other Courts p. 253: Federal Judges p. 254: District Courts—District Court Appointment, Courts of Appointments p. 255: Development of the Supreme Court—The Early Years p. 256: The Marshall Court, p. 259: The Justices p. 257: Terms, Court Appointments p. 258: The Supreme Court at Work—Choosing Cases, Who may Appeal p. 259: Filing Briefs p. 260: Oral Argument p. 261: Conference, Preparing Opinions p. 262: Justices’ Staffs, Announcing Decisions p. 263: Appointment vs. Election p. 264: Judicial Restraint vs. Judicial Activism

p. 265: Checking Judicial Power—Passing Amendments, Refusing to Obey Court Decisions p. 266: Section Review p. 268-269: Chapter 11 Review Chapter 20, pp. 471-472 p. 471: State and Judicial Branches—Trial Courts p. 472: Appeals Courts, Special Courts, The Judges, Section Review

31.

12.7.8 Understand the scope of presidential power and decision making through examination of case studies such as the Cuban Missile Crisis, passage of Great Society legislation, War Powers Act, Gulf War, and Bosnia. Chapter 7: The Presidency, pp.142-167. p. 142: The Presidency p. 143: The President’s Roles—Chief Executive, Commander-in-Chief, Chief Agenda-Setter, Representative of the Nation p. 144: Chief of State p.145: Foreign-Policy Leader, Party Leader p. 145: Qualifications and Terms of Office—Formal Qualifications, Presidential Background p. 146: Terms, Salary and Benefits, Presidential Succession p. 147: Section 1 Review p. 148: Executive Powers—Executive Laws, Appointing Officials p.149: Executive Privilege p.149: Diplomatic Powers—Making Treaties p. 151: Making Executive Agreements, Recognizing Governments p. 151: Military Powers—Committing Troops, War Powers Act p. 152: Judicial Powers p. 153: Legislative Powers—Recommending Legislation, Vetoing legislation, Lobbying p. 154: Growth of Presidential Power—Early Presidents p. 155: The Modern Presidency p. 156: The Imperial Presidency, The Presidency Today, Section 2 Review

p. 157: Electoral College p. 158: Nomination Procedures p. 159: Early Nomination Procedures, Conventions p. 159: Presidential Primaries p. 160: Caucuses p. 161: Nominating Conventions—Speeches, Party Platform, Floor Demonstrations, State-by-State Roll Call p.162: The Election p. 163: Electoral College and the Popular Vote, Criticisms of the Electoral College

12.8 Students evaluate and take and defend positions on the influence of the media on American political life.

32.

12.8.1 Discuss the meaning and importance of a free and responsible press. p. 53 – The Bill of Rights p. 150 – The President and the Media p. 306-310 – Freedom of Speech and the Media

Prior Restraint

Trials

Libel

12.8.2 Describe the roles of broadcast, print, and electronic media, including the Internet, as means of communication in American politics. p. 448 – Media and Elections p. 442 – Campaigns (Advertising) p. 451 – The Media’s Role in Politics p. 30-34 – Freedom of Speech and the Press p. 150 – The President and the Media p. 306 – Freedom of Speech and the Media p. 308 – Licensing, False Advertising p. 309 – Tinker vs. Des Moines Independent Community School District p. 314 – Peaceful Association

p. 315 – FOIA (Freedom of Information Act)

33.

12.8.3 Explain how public officials use the media to communicate with the citizenry and to shape public opinion.

p. 367 – What is Public Opinion? p. 369 – Politics and the Minds p. 372 – Measuring Public Opinion p. 377 – The Media and the Public Good p. 381 – Glory and Defeat

12.9 Students analyze the origins, characteristics, and development of different political systems across time, with emphasis on the quest for political democracy, its advances, and its obstacles.

34.

12.9.1 Explain how the different philosophies and structures of feudalism, mercantilism, socialism, fascism, communism, monarchies, parliamentary systems, and constitutional liberal democracies influence economic policies, social welfare policies, and human rights practices.

p. 519 – Fascism p. 515-522 – Communism p. 512 – Socialism p. 8 – Constitutional Monarchy p. 118 – Parliamentary System p. 220 – Human Rights

35.

12.9.2 Compare the various ways in which power is distributed, shared, and limited in systems of shared powers and in parliamentary systems, including the influence and role of parliamentary leaders (e.g., William Gladstone, Margaret Thatcher).

p. 8 – Sources of Authority: Monarchies, Republics p. 9 – Japan’s Constitutional Monarchy p. 10 – Power Among Levels of Government p. 11 – Presidential Systems; Parliamentary Systems

36.

12.9.3 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of federal, con federal, and unitary systems of government.

p. 10 – Power Among Levels of Government: Unitary Systems, Federal Systems, Confederal Systems

37.

12.9.4 Describe for at least two countries the consequences of conditions that gave rise to tyrannies during certain periods (e.g., Italy, Japan, Haiti, Nigeria, and Cambodia).

World History Ch. 20, Section 5 Ch. 24, Section 2

38.

12.9.5 Identify the forms of illegitimate power that twentieth-century African, Asian, and Latin American dictators used to gain and hold office and the conditions and interests that supported them.

American Nation p. 511 – New Latin American leaders p. 572 – Communist Victory in China American Government

p. 231 – Case Study

39.

12.9.6 Identify the ideologies, causes, stages, and outcomes of major Mexican, Central American, and South American revolutions in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Ch. 25

40.

12.9.7 Describe the ideologies that give rise to Communism, methods of maintaining control, and the movements to overthrow such governments in Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Poland, including the roles of individuals (e.g., Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Pope John Paul II, Lech Walesa, Vaclav Havel).

p. 506-510 – Capitalism p. 511-514 – Socialism p. 515-522 – Communism

12.9.8 Identify the successes of relatively new democracies in Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the ideas, leaders, and general societal conditions that have launched and sustained, or failed to sustain, them. World History text: Chapter 23, Asia Chapter 24, Africa Chapter 25, Latin America

12.10 Students formulate questions about and defend their analyses of tensions within our constitutional democracy and the importance of maintaining a balance between the following concepts: majority rule and individual rights; liberty and equality; state and national authority in a federal system; civil disobedience and the rule of law; freedom of the press and the right to a fair trial; the relationship of religion and government.