Week 5 Presentation on Deuze
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Transcript of Week 5 Presentation on Deuze
Digital Research and Publishing Presentation
Week 5Digital Environments
Deuze, Mark, ‘Participation, Remediation, Bricolage: Considering Principle Components of a Digital Culture’, The Information Society, 22(1), 2006, pp.63-75.
Unit: ARIN 6912-2
Lecturer: Amit Kelkar
Paradigm shifts
Print Print
Linear and hierarchical Linear and hierarchical
OnlineOnline
Multivocal networks of Multivocal networks of meaningmeaning
“The problem with email is that it makes you write more (as opposed to instant messaging). And when you finish you wait and wait and wait for a reply but don’t realise that the other person has logged off. So in the end you log off as well while the other person logs on again. That person then replies to you but you’re logged off so there’s more waiting.”
Lilia, age 10
Culture
A set of values, norms, practices and expectations that is shared and constantly renegotiated by a group of people.
Digital Culture
1. set of values that regular users create (netiquette)
2. social phenomenon that is observable online and offline
Epistemological questions
What can we know?How can we know it?Why do we know some things, but not others?How do we acquire knowledge?Is knowledge possible?Can knowledge be certain?How can we differentiate truth from falsehood?Why do we believe certain claims and not others?
Jean Baudrillard
Simulacra and Simulation
identifies three types of simulacra (=used to describe a representation of another thing) and identifies each with a historical period
Simulacra First order (pre-modern period)
Second order (Industrial Revolution)
Third order (postmodern age)
Image is clearly an artificial Image is clearly an artificial placemarker for the real itemplacemarker for the real item
Distinctions between image and Distinctions between image and reality break down due to the reality break down due to the proliferation of mass-produced proliferation of mass-produced copies. The item's ability to imitate copies. The item's ability to imitate reality threatens to replace the reality threatens to replace the original versionoriginal version
The simulacrum precedes the The simulacrum precedes the original and the distinction original and the distinction between reality and representation between reality and representation breaks down. There is only the breaks down. There is only the simulacrum.simulacrum.
‘ ‘Endless recycling and quoting of past media content, artistic styles and forms became the new ‘international style’ and the new cultural logic of modern society. Rather than assembling more media recordings or reality, culture is now busy reworking, recombining, and analyzing already accumulated media material.’
Jussi Parikka, ‘Copy’, 2008
Key assumptions
Methodology
Primary sources
Principal components
Assumptions1. All aspects of everyday life – at least in
highly industrialised societies - are influenced or implicated by computerisation.
2. The spaces that are opened up by communication technologies are not new forms of culture in themselves. Rather, we express ourselves in this culture and this is done as members of an increasingly individualised society in a globalised world
Principal components of culture
are those values and practices that people need to create an identity and participate in identity politics
Principle components of a digital culture
Participation Remediation Bricolage
What functions and devices enable and extend our ability to communicate?
How do we use those devices?
What social arrangements are formed around them?
IndymediaJournalistic genre
Adheres to practices and ideals of ‘open’ publishing ‘collaborative, nonhierarchical storytelling’ (Deuze)
Anyone can post and upload files
No formal editorial moderation or filtering process
Group weblog?
Connect local communities and their issues with global ones
Usually oppositional or function outside the mainstream media corporations
Global/local and producer/consumer distinctions are becoming meaningless.
Traditional journalistic functions
GatekeepingGatekeeping– Journalist is the filter Journalist is the filter
of what is newsof what is news– Quality controlQuality control
FramingFraming– Using certain Using certain
narrative techniquesnarrative techniques– Are there any Are there any
underlying underlying messages?messages?
In the proliferation and saturation of screen-based, networked, and digital media that saturate our lives, our
reconstitution is expressed as:
Active agents in the process of meaning-making we become participants
We adopt but at the same time modify, manipulate, and thus reform consensual ways of understanding reality
we engage in remediation
We reflexively assemble our own particular versions of such reality
we are bricleurs
Participation►Contemporary understanding of
participation: ‘hypersociability’
encourages the involvement of media consumers in a story through social interaction
networked individualism participants ‘rebuild structures of sociability from
the bottom up’.
►Traditional social capital shrinking?
Political repercussions
passive and “informational”
citizenry
rights-based, monetorial and voluntarist citizenry
Remediation
constant remix of older media forms by newer ones and vice versa
an expression of a distinctly private enactment of human
agency in the face of omnipresent computer-mediated reality.’
‘All mediation is remediation. We are not claiming this as an a priori truth, but rather
arguing that at this extended historical moment, all current media function as remediators and that remediation offers us a means of interpreting the work of earlier media as well. Our culture conceives of each medium or constellation of media as it responds to, redeploys, competes with, and reforms other media. In the first instance, we may think of something like a historical progression, of newer media remediating older ones and in particular of digital media remediating their predecessors. But ours is a genealogy of affiliations, not a linear history, and in this genealogy, older media can also remediate newer ones.’
Bolter, Jay David, and Richard Grusin. Bolter, Jay David, and Richard Grusin. Remediation: Understanding New Media.Remediation: Understanding New Media. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999, p.55. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999, p.55.
Distantiation
Deuze: Remediation always involves an element of ‘distantiation’:
►manipulation of a dominant way of doing things in order to juxtapose, challenge and/or subvert the mainstream as a consequence of the extreme fragmentation of society .
Newspapers/Newscasts
► traditionally traditionally functionfunction on the on the
basis of selectivity basis of selectivity and linearity and linearity
Blogs
► arranged arranged chronologicallychronologically
► more similar to the more similar to the way we think and way we think and actact
► adds value to the adds value to the content that is content that is produced by the produced by the mainstream?mainstream?
Bricolage
►legitimises and attributes quality to people’s actions online
►incorporates borrowing, hybridity, mixture and plagiarism
►used to create new insights or meanings
Summary of paradigm shifts
Professional detached observation
Access based on expertise claimed on the basis of institutional authority Top-down delivering of messages
Preferring the personal experiential account
Heralding openness for all
Attributing more weight to providing a bottom-up platform for individual voices
Bibliography► Baudrillard, Jean, ‘The precession of Simulacra’ in Simulacra and Simulation, University of Michigan Press, 2006, pp.1-43.► Baudrillard, Jean, ‘The implosion of meaning in the media’ in Simulacra and Simulation, University of Michigan Press, 2006,
pp.79-86.► Baudrillard, Jean, ‘On Nihilism’ in Simulacra and Simulation, University of Michigan Press, 2006, pp.159-168.► Bolter, Jay David, and Richard Grusin. Remediation: Understanding New Media. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999, p.55.► Browner, S.P., R.Sears, et al., ‘Literature and the internet: some theoretical considerations’ in Literature and the internet: a guide
for students, teachers, and scholars, New York: Garland, 2000, pp.115-127.► Deuze, Mark, 2003, ‘The Web and its journalisms: Considering the consequences of different types of media online’, New Media
& Society, 5(2), pp.203-230.► Lessig, Lawrence, Free culture: the nature and future of creativity, New York, Penguin Press, 2005. ► Jayaram, Mahalakshmi, ‘News in the age of instant communication’ in Practising journalism – values, constraints, implications,
Nalini Rajan (ed.), Sage Publications, New Dehli, 2005, pp 285-303.► Jensen, Michael J., Danziger, James N. and Venkatesh, Alladi, ‘Civil society and Cyber society: The role of the Internet in
Community Associations and Democratic Politics’, The Information Society, 23(1), pp.39-50.► Parikka, J., ‘Copy’ in Fuller, M., Software studies: a lexicaon, Camebridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2008, pp.125-129.► Putnam, Robert, ‘A decline of social capital? – The German case’ in Democracies in flux: The evolution of social capital in
contemporary society, Oxford, OUP, 2004, pp. 189-244.► Putnam, Robert, ‘Australia – making the lucky country’ in Democracies in flux: The evolution of social capital in contemporary
society, Oxford, OUP, 2004, pp. 333-358.► Websites► http://www.bloggersblog.com/► http://www.indymedia.com/mc/index.php► ‘State of the Blogosphere 2008’ accessed 21/08/2009 on http://technorati.com/blogging/state-of-the-
blogosphere/