AP exam fees due March 9Cookie Lab todayPick up tests for test corrections during period

Measure radish plantsChem poster due Friday◦2 pictures included

Wednesday - APES

Cookie Mining

The economics of mining.Purchasing: land, mining

equipmentPaying for: operations &

reclamation

Mass cookieMass graph paperPlace cookie on graph paper – mining area

Don’t use your hands, only tools◦Toothpicks, paper clips

Following instructions 1-17Record on side 2Keep graph paper for lab journalWrite information on graph paper as needed

Instructions

AP exam fees due March 9Pick up lab journalsPick up tests for test corrections (due Mon.)

Cookie Lab follow upMeasure radish plantsChem poster due Friday◦2 pictures included (details on back)

Discussion Ch. 16

Thursday - APES

Nonrenewable Mineral

Resources

Aerial photos/satellite images – outcroppings

Radiation-measuring – detect deposits (uranimum)

Magnetometer – magnetic field changes caused by magnetic minerals (iron ore)

Gravimeter – differences in density of ore and surrounding rock

Finding Buried mineral Deposits

Underground:Drilling a deep well/extracting core samples

Seismic surveys – shock waves, rock bed composition

Chemical analysis – water/plants, detects deposits

Finding Buried mineral Deposits

Surface mining (p. 341)Shallow deposits removed

Strip away overburden – soil/rock (spoils) 90% nonfuel mineral, 60% coal

1.Open-pit – dig a hole2.Dredging scrape up underwater deposits

3.Area strip mining – trench digging, cover back with overburden

4.Contour strip mining – power shovel, cuts terraces

5.Mountaintop removal – explosives, huge machines; rubble streams (env.damage)

Removing Buried Mineral Deposits

Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977

Requires co. to restore land to original usage

Removes coal, metal oresDeep vertical shaft, tunnelsEnviron. Disturbance – minimal

Warning: subsidence (cave ins), black lung disease

Subsurface mining - Deep depositsp. 342

Environmental effects of use

Enormous amt. energyLand disturbance - scarringSoil erosionAir/water pollution◦Acid mine drainage – 40% west. watersheds

Acid Mine Drainage-impact on a

lake after receiving effluent from an abandoned tailings impoundment for over 50 years

Relatively fresh tailings in an

impoundment.

The same tailings impoundment after 7

years of sulfide oxidation. The white

spots in Figures A and B are gulls.

http://www.earth.uwaterloo.ca/services/whaton/s06_amd.html

Mine effluent discharging from the bottom of a waste rock pile

Shoreline of a pond receiving AMD showing massive accumulation of iron hydroxides on the pond bottom

Groundwater flow through a tailings impoundment and discharging into lakes or streams.

Life Cycle – Mineral ore fig. 16-15

Extracting – removal from earth’s crust

Purifying – separating ore from gangue (waste)◦Tailings – piles of waste

Smelting – separate metal from other elements

Converted to product

Phase in Full-Cost PricingInclude cost of environ. harm in price of goods made from minerals

Mineral Supplies – p. 345 Available/affordable Economically depleted:

◦Costs more to find, extract, transport, process than it’s worth

Recycle/reuse Wastes less Use less Find a substitute Do without

New Technology – Nanotechnology

Atomic/molecular level technology Manipulate atoms 1-100 nm wide

◦Medicines◦Solar cells◦Buckyballs – soccer ball shape carbon

Cosmetics/sun screen◦Little environmental damage

Unintended consequences◦Smaller – more reactive◦More toxic potentially◦Fish – brain damage w/in 48 hrs.

Precautionary principal

Energy resources removed from the earth’s crust include: oil, natural gas, coal, and uranium

www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.ppt

Minerals -Commonly Found: fault lines –

divergence/convergence (oceanic & continental crust) magma risen to

the surfacehot spots & hydrothermal vents

(ocean) manganese nodules - ocean

floor. small underwater volcanoes -

copper, lead, zinc, silver, gold & other metallic minerals.

evaporite mineral deposits –dissolved by ground water -left in lakes - water evaporates

Lab Today – Part 2 Extracting Copper from Malachite

Cookie and Copper Labs Due Thursday, 3/8

AP exam fees due next Friday, 3/9

Daily Light Savings Time – this weekend

APES – Mondaytest corrections in box

Chemically refine malachite to produce copper.

Part 1: Dissolve the Copper  CuCO3 (s) + H2SO4 (aq) CuSO4 (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l)

Extracting Metal From a Rock:

Part 2: Retrieving the Copper

CuSO4 (aq) + 2Fe (s) 3Cu (s) + Fe2 (SO4) 3 (aq)

Monday

PurposeFollow write up instructionsProcedure Part 1 – 4 sentences

Part 2 – 4 sentencesResults: (qualitative/quantitative)Part 1 data tablesPart 2 data tablesDiscussion Questions: 7Conclusion

Write up