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Realidades- 6B El 30 de marzo 2016
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Transcript of Web viewVideo Episodio 5. En busca de la ... The word order is different. In Spanish, ... leo. la....
Realidades-6BEl 30 de marzo 2016
Islas Canarias LANCEROTE
Lesson plans for
Mr. J Capaldo-Masi
Block I and Block II
SPANISH III honors
What is the Home Journal?
1.Entreguen la tarea2.En busca de la verdad: Actividades
Vocabulario3.Vocabulario de 5B4.La Leccíon
Video Episodio 5- En busca de la verdad pàgina 260- Después de ver el vídeo
COMPRENDISTE pàgina 261
HOME JOURNAL:
Every night -at least five (5) minutes
(0r more …..if needed) to create you own lesson using the
Lesson of the day in class as your guide (grammar verbs….)
Direct Object Pronouns: Part I
The object that directly receives the action of the verb is called the direct object.Bill hit the ball."Ball" receives the action of the verb "hit."Sherry reads the book."Book" receives the action of the verb "reads."
The direct object can also be a person.Sherry hit Bill.(DO=Bill)
The direct object answers the question "what?" or "whom?" with regard to what the subject of the sentence is doing.Bill hit the ball.Bill hit what?
Bill hit the ball.Sherry hit Bill.Sherry hit whom?Sherry hit Bill.
Often, it is desirable to replace the name of the direct object with a pronoun.Example 1Paul bought the flowers. He took the flowers home and gave the flowers to his wife.Example 2Paul bought the flowers. He took them home and gave them to his wife.
When the pronoun replaces the name of the direct object, use the following pronouns:me (me)te (you-familiar)lo, la (him, her, it, you-formal)nos (us)os (you-all-familiar)los, las (them, you-all-formal)
In an affirmative statement with one verb, the direct object pronoun comes immediately before the conjugated verb.Tengo = I haveTengo la pluma. = I have the pen.La tengo. = I have it.The pronoun (la) comes immediately before the verb (tengo).
Notice that if the subject of the sentence changes, this does not affect the direct object pronoun.Juan la tiene.Juan tiene = John hasJuan tiene la pluma. = John has the pen.Juan la tiene. = John has it.andMaría la tiene.María tiene = Mary hasMaría tiene la pluma. = Mary has the pen.María la tiene. = Mary has it.
However, if the direct object of the sentence changes to a masculine noun, the masculine pronoun must be used.Juan lo tiene.Juan tiene = John hasJuan tiene el libro. = John has the book.
Juan lo tiene. = John has it.butJuan la tiene.Juan tiene = John hasJuan tiene la pluma. = John has the pen.Juan la tiene. = John has it.
Likewise, if the direct object of the sentence changes from singular to plural, the plural pronoun must be used.Juan lo tiene.Juan tiene = John hasJuan tiene el libro. = John has the book.Juan lo tiene. = John has it.butMaría los tiene.María tiene = Mary hasMaría tiene los libros. = Mary has the books.María los tiene. = Mary has them.
Look at how Spanish and English are different."Lo tengo" and "La tengo" BOTH mean "I have it."Differences:1 "It" has two forms in Spanish: lo, la2 "Tengo" one word in Spanish = two words in English (I have)3 The word order is different. In Spanish, the pronoun (lo, la) comes before the verb; in
English, the pronoun (it) comes after the verb.
When you try to translate literally from English to Spanish, sometimes it works very well:John eats the soup.John = JuanJohn eats = Juan comeJohn eats the = Juan come laJohn eats the soup = Juan come la sopa.
Other times, direct translation doesn't work so well:I eat the soup.I = YoI eat = Yo comoI eat the = Yo como laI eat the soup = Yo como la sopa.Because "como" means "I eat," the word "yo" is redundant. A better translation might be:I eat the soup.Como la sopa.
Sometimes, when you try to translate literally, you run into much bigger problems:I eat it. (the soup - la sopa)I = YoI eat = Yo comoI eat it. = Yo como la.This is completely incorrect!The correct translation would be:I eat it. (the soup)La como.
As you can see, directly translating sentences with direct object pronouns doesn't work, so ... don't do it! There is a better, easier way.
Learn to translate groups of words, rather than individual words. The first step is to learn to view two Spanish words as a single phrase.Try to think of each line as a single phrase, not two separate words:la comolo comola leo lo leola veolo veola tengolo tengola comprolo compro
Read each line again. Before you do, glance at the translation beneath it. Then, read each line thinking of it as a phrase that has the same meaning as the English phrase below it.la comoI eat it (feminine DO - la sopa, la comida, etc.)lo comoI eat it (masculine DO - el pollo, el arroz, etc.)la leoI read itlo leoI read itla veoI see itlo veoI see itla tengo
I have itlo tengoI have itla comproI buy itlo comproI buy it
In the previous examples, it is clear that the subject of the sentence is "I" because the verbs are all conjugated in the "yo" form. With other verb forms, it is often desirable to add a word to clarify the subject.Juan la come. (la comida)Juan eats it.María lo tiene. (el libro)María has it.El chico la compra. (la pluma)The boy buys it.La chica lo ve. (el edificio)The girl sees it.Ustedes lo leen. (el periódico)You-all read it.
Now, some examples of plural direct objects.Juan come dos sándwiches.Los come. or Juan los come.María tiene tres libros.Los tiene. or María los tiene.El chico compra dos revistas.Las compra. or El chico las compra.La chica ve dos coches.Los ve. or La chica los ve.Ella compra dos televisores.Los compra. or Ella los compra.Tenemos dos mesas.Las tenemos. or Nosotros las tenemos.
Now, some examples where the direct object is a person.I know you.Te conozco.She loves him.Ella lo ama.She loves me.Ella me ama.Juan sees her.
Juan la ve.They call us.Ellos nos llaman.We call them.Los llamamos.
Indirect Object Pronouns: Part I
The indirect object (IO) tells us where the direct object (DO) is going.He gives the book to María.DO=BookWhere is the book going?To María.IO=María
He gives María the book.DO=BookWhere is the book going?To María.IO=María
The indirect object answers the question "To whom?" or "For whom?" the action of the verb is performed.He gives María the book.To whom does he give the book?To María.IO=MaríaHe buys me flowers.For whom does he buy the flowers?For me.IO=me
Sentences that have an indirect object usually also have a direct object. Remember, the
IO tells us where the DO is going. Notice how the sentences below just wouldn't work without a direct object.He gives María . . .the book, the pen, the diamond, etc.He buys me . . .flowers, candy, an ironing board, etc.
Sometimes the direct object is not stated; rather it is implied, or understood.My mother writes me every week.DO=letter (understood)IO=me(My mother writes me a letter every week.)She told him.DO=it (understood)IO=him(She told it to him.)
To identify the indirect object use our two guidelines:4 The IO tells us where the DO is going.5 The IO answers the question "to whom?" or "for whom" the action of the verb is
performed.
When a pronoun takes the place of the name of the indirect object, use the following pronouns:me (me)te (you-familiar)le (him, her, you-formal)nos (us)os (you-all-familiar)les (them, you-all-formal)
In an affirmative statement with one verb, the indirect object pronoun comes immediately before the conjugated verb.Juan me compra un regalo.John buys me a gift.John buys a gift for me.Juan te compra un regalo.John buys you a gift.John buys a gift for you.Juan le compra un regalo.John buys her a gift.John buys a gift for her.Juan nos compra un regalo.John buys us a gift.
John buys a gift for us.Juan os compra un regalo.John buys you-all (familiar) a gift.John buys a gift for you-all.Juan les compra un regalo.John buys them a gift.John buys a gift for them.
Now, focus in on one part of each of the previous examples:Juan me compra un regalo.John buys (for) me a gift.Juan te compra un regalo.John buys (for) you a gift.Juan le compra un regalo.John buys (for) her a gift.Juan nos compra un regalo.John buys (for) us a gift.Juan os compra un regalo.John buys (for) you-all (familiar) a gift.Juan les compra un regalo.John buys (for) them a gift.
Let's extract the IO phrase and its English equivalent:me comprabuys (for) mete comprabuys (for) youle comprabuys (for) hernos comprabuys (for) usos comprabuys (for) you-allles comprabuys (for) them
Just like with the direct object, the indirect object presents a problem if one tries to translate word-for-word:Juan me compra un regalo.John for me he buys a gift.
The key to learning to use the indirect object pronouns is the same as the key for direct object pronouns. You must learn to think in phrases, not words. The phrases consist of a pronoun and a conjugated verb. In the following examples, note that the IO remains
the same, while the subject of the phrase changes.me comprahe buys meme compranthey buy meme comprasyou buy me
The IO pronouns le and les present a special problem because they are ambiguous. That is, they can stand for different things.leto (for) himto (for) herto (for) you-formallesto (for) themto (for) you-all-formal
The following sentences, while grammatically correct, are ambiguous:Ella le escribe una carta.Ella les escribe una carta.Out of context, there is no way we can know the meaning.Ella le escribe una carta.She writes him a letter.She writes her a letter.She writes you (formal) a letter.Ella les escribe una carta.She writes them a letter.She writes you-all (formal) a letter.
Since le and les can mean more than one thing, a prepositional phrase is often added to remove the ambiguity.Ella le escribe a Juan una carta.Ella le escribe a su hermana una carta.Ella le escribe a usted una carta.Ella les escribe a sus padres una carta.Ella les escribe a ustedes una carta.
Sometimes a prepositional phrase is added not for clarity, but rather for emphasis.Juan me da a mí el dinero.John gives me the money.(emphasizing that the money is given to me and not to someone else)Juan te da a ti el dinero.John gives you the money. (emphasis on you)
There is no ambiguity in the following sentence. It can only mean one thing.Juan me da el dinero.John gives me the money.The addition of a prepositional phrase merely adds emphasis.Juan me da a mí el dinero.John gives me the money.
Let's sum up the important points of this lesson:• The IO tells us where the DO is going.• The IO answers the question "to whom" or "for whom."• Sentences that have an IO usually also have a DO• Sometimes the DO is not stated, but rather is implied, or understood.• The IO pronouns are: me, te, le, nos, os, les.• Place the pronoun before the conjugated verb.• Think in phrases, do not translate word-for-word.• Le and les are ambiguous.• Prepositional phrases are often used for clarity and for emphasis.
Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns Used Together
Here are the direct object pronouns and the indirect object pronouns side by side:
DO Pronouns
IO Pronouns English Equivalent
me me me
te te you (familiar)
lo, la le him, her, it, you (formal)
nos nos us
os os you-all (familiar)
los, las les them, you-all (formal)
When you have both a direct object pronoun and an indirect object pronoun in the same sentence, the indirect object pronoun comes first.Ellos me los dan.They give them to me.IO pronoun: meDO pronoun: losElla te la vende.She sells it to you.IO pronoun: teDO pronoun: la
Whenever both pronouns begin with the letter "l" change the first pronoun to "se."le lo = se lole la = se lale los = se losle las = se lasles lo = se loles la = se lales los = se losles las = se las
The reason for changing "le lo" to "se lo" is merely to avoid the tongue-twisting effect of two short consecutive words that begin with the letter "l". To demonstrate this, first quickly say "les las" and then quickly say "se las." See how much easier it is to say "se las?"
In negative sentences, the negative word comes directly before the first pronoun.No se lo tengo.I don't have it for you.Nunca se los compro.
I never buy them for her.
Because the pronoun se can have so many meanings, it is often helpful to clarify it by using a prepositional phrase.Él se lo dice.Ambiguous. He tells it to (whom?).Él se lo dice a Juan.He tells it to him. (to Juan)Él se lo dice a María.He tells it to her. (to María)Él se lo dice a ella.He tells it to her.
In sentences with two verbs, there are two options regarding the placement of the pronouns. Place them immediately before the conjugated verb or attach them directly to the infinitive.She should explain it to me.Ella me lo debe explicar.Ella debe explicármelo.I want to tell it to you.Te lo quiero decir.Quiero decírtelo.You need to send it to them.Se la necesitas enviar a ellos.Necesitas enviársela a ellos.Note that when attaching the pronouns to the infinitive, a written accent is also added to the final syllable of the infinitive. This preserves the sound of the infinitive.
When the pronouns are attached to the infinitive, make the sentence negative by placing the negative word directly before the conjugated verb.Ella debe explicármelo.Ella no debe explicármelo.Quiero decírtelo.No quiero decírtelo.Necesitas enviársela a ellos.No necesitas enviársela a ellos.
When the pronouns come before the conjugated verb, make the sentence negative by placing the negative word directly before the pronouns.Ella me lo debe explicar.Ella no me lo debe explicar.Te lo quiero decir.No te lo quiero decir.Se la necesitas enviar a ellos.
No se la necesitas enviar a ellos.
More on double object pronouns
When both the direct object pronoun and the indirect pronoun appear in the same sentence
Spanish direct & indirect object pronounsNow that you’ve learned about direct and indirect object pronouns, what happens if you want to use them together?
The sentences that follow are examples of both object pronouns being used together. The direct object is in bold, while the indirect object is underlined.
• Does Hector give them to you? - ¿Te los da Héctor?• They ask us for it. - Ellos nos lo piden.• I need to give it to him tomorrow. - Necesito dárselo mañana.
To refresh your memory, the direct and indirect object pronouns that you will use in combination are as follows:Indirect object pronouns Direct object pronouns
me
te
se (this is le normally) lo, la
nos
os
se (this is les normally) los, las
When you combine the direct and indirect object pronouns in a sentence, you have two options.
• You can put the indirect object pronoun, followed by the direct object pronoun, as two separate words before the verb.
- such as, “Te lo voy a dar.” I’m going to give it to you.
• You can attach the indirect object pronoun and the direct object pronoun onto the end of an infinitive.
- such as, “Voy a dártelo.” I’m going to give it to you.
(Note that you must add an accent on the infinitive ending to preserve the correct pronunciation.)
Which Object Comes First?
In English, you can switch the order of the direct and indirect objects. For example:
• I will give it to him. or I will give him it.• Hector gave them to you. or Hector gave you them.
In Spanish, on the other hand, the indirect object pronoun will ALWAYS come before the direct object pronoun.
Por ejemplo:
Mi profesor me enseña hablar español.
Why Does ‘Le’ Change to ‘Se’?As with so many irregularities in the Spanish language, the change of the indirect object pronoun in the third person makes pronunciation easier.
• Try saying, “Le lo voy a dar.”
• Now, try saying, “Se lo voy a dar.” I’m going to give it to him.
• Can you hear why le changes to se?
To Whom? Clarifying “Se”
The word “se” can refer to any number of indirect pronouns: him, her, it, them, you…. Just as it is recommended to add a clarification after “le,” if your audience does not know to whom you are referring, it is
also recommended to add a clarification after the use of “se” if the indirect object is not clear.
Objects of the preposition…
To do so, use “se” as you normally would, then append one of the following to the end of your sentence:
• a Ud.• a él• a ella• a Uds.• a ellos• a ellas
Por ejemplo:
To whom do we serve the food?
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To whom does he show the house?
He shows it to them.To whom do we explain the jokes?
We explain them to you.
The Present Perfect TenseThe present perfect is formed by combining the auxiliary verb "has" or "have" with the past participle.I have studied.
He has written a letter to María.
We have been stranded for six days.
Because the present perfect is a compound tense, two
verbs are required: the main verb and the auxiliary verb.
I have studied.(main verb: studied ; auxiliary verb: have)
He has written a letter to María.
(main verb: written ; auxiliary verb: has)
We have been stranded for six days.(main verb: been ; auxiliary verb: have)
In Spanish, the present perfect tense is formed by using the present tense of the auxiliary verb "haber" with the past participle. Haber is conjugated as follows:
hehashahemoshabéishan
You have already learned in a previous lesson that the past participle is formed by dropping the infinitive ending and adding either -ado or -ido. Remember, some past participles are irregular.
The following examples all use the past participle for the verb "comer."
(yo) He comido.I have eaten.
(tú) Has comido.You have eaten.
(él) Ha comido.He has eaten.
(nosotros) Hemos comido.We have eaten.(vosotros) Habéis comido.You-all have eaten.
(ellos) Han comido.They have eaten.
For a review of the formation of the past participle [click here].
When you studied the past participle, you practiced using it as an adjective. When used as an adjective, the past participle changes to agree with the noun it modifies. However, when used in the perfect tenses, the past participle never changes.
Past participle used as an adjective:
La cuenta está pagada.The bill is paid.
Past participle used in the present perfect tense:
He pagado la cuenta.I have paid the bill.
Here's a couple of more examples:
Past participle used as an adjective:
Las cuentas están pagadas.The bills are paid.
Past participle used in the present perfect tense:Juan ha pagado las cuentas.
Juan has paid the bills.Note that when used to form the present perfect tense, only the base form (pagado) is used.
Let's look more carefully at the last example:Juan ha pagado las cuentas.Juan has paid the bills.
Notice that we use "ha" to agree with "Juan". We do NOT use "han" to agree with "cuentas." The auxiliary verb is conjugated for the subject of the sentence, not the object. Compare these two examples:
Juan ha pagado las cuentas.Juan has paid the bills.
Juan y María han viajado a España.Juan and Maria have traveled to Spain.
In the first example, we use "ha" because the subject of the sentence is "Juan." In the second example, we use "han" because the subject of the sentence is "Juan y María."
The present perfect tense is frequently used for past actions that continue into the present, or continue to affect the present.
He estado dos semanas en Madrid.
I have been in Madrid for two weeks.
Diego ha sido mi amigo por veinte años.Diego has been my friend for 20 years.
The present perfect tense is often used with the adverb "ya".Ya han comido.They have already eaten.
La empleada ya ha limpiado la casa.The maid has already cleaned the house.
The auxiliary verb and the past participle are never separated. To make the sentence negative, add the word "no" before the conjugated form of haber.
(yo) No he comido.I have not eaten.
(tú) No has comido.You have not eaten.
(él) No ha comido.He has not eaten.
(nosotros) No hemos comido.We have not eaten.
(vosotros) No habéis comido.You-all have not eaten.
(ellos) No han comido.They have not eaten.
Again, the auxiliary verb and the past participle are never separated. Object pronouns are placed immediately before the auxiliary verb.
Pablo le ha dado mucho dinero a su hermana.Pablo has given a lot of money to his sister.
To make this sentence negative, the word "no" is placed before the indirect object pronoun (le).
Pablo no le ha dado mucho dinero a su hermana.Pablo has not given a lot of money to his sister.
With reflexive verbs, the reflexive pronoun is placed immediatedly before the auxiliary verb. Compare how the present perfect differs from the simple present, when a reflexive verb is used.
Me cepillo los dientes. (present)I brush my teeth.
Me he cepillado los dientes. (present perfect)I have brushed my teeth.
To make this sentence negative, the word "no" is placed before the reflexive pronoun (me).
No me he cepillado los dientes.I have not brushed my teeth.
Questions are formed as follows. Note how the word order is different than the English equivalent.
¿Han salido ya las mujeres?Have the women left yet?
¿Has probado el chocolate alguna vez?Have you ever tried chocolate?
Here are the same sentences in negative form. Notice how the auxiliary verb and the past participle are not separated.
¿No han salido ya las mujeres?Haven't the women left yet?
¿No has probado el chocolate ninguna vez?Haven't you ever tried chocolate?
Present Perfecthaber + past participlehe hablado, he comido, he vividohehashahemoshabéishan
FIN
