Physics 4

Energy

Mrs JensenWebsite: mrsjensen.wix.com/8thgradescience

Email:elizabethjensen@alpinedistrict.org

Name: ___________________________________________ Period: ___________

Lab Activities ScoreStarter Questions / ___Vocabulary /40Day 1: Energy PPT /44Day 2: Energy Transfer PPT /46

Energy Transfer Scenarios /40Day 3: Energy Transfer Lab /28Day 4: Heat PPT /27 Heat LabTotal:

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Starter Questions:

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

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Unit Vocabulary:From your notes, define the following terms

1. Word: EnergyDefinition:__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Word: Potential EnergyDefinition:__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Word: Kinetic EnergyDefinition:__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Word: Mechanical EnergyDefinition:__________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Examples:__________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

5. Word: Gravitational Energy (Potential & Kinetic)Definition:__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

Example:__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

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6. Word: Elastic EnergyDefinition:__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

Examples:__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

7. Word: SoundDefinition:__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

Examples:__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

8. Word: HeatDefinition:__________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Examples:__________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

9. Word: Electromagnetic (Light) EnergyDefinition:__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

Spectrum Examples:__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

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10. Word: Chemical EnergyDefinition:__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

Examples:__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

11. Word: Electrical EnergyDefinition:__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

Example:__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

12. Word: NuclearDefinition:__________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Examples:__________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

Energy Acronym:

__________________________________________________________

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13. Word: ConductionDefinition:__________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Examples:__________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

14. Word: ConvectionDefinition:__________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Examples:__________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

15. Word: RadiationDefinition:__________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Examples:__________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

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Day 1: Energy PPT

1. What does it mean when we say someone has a lot of energy?

2. What is Work?

3. What is Energy?

4. What is Kinetic Energy? (Diagram it)

5. What is Potential Energy? (Diagram it)

Energy at the Large Level:

6. What is Mechanical Energy?

7. What are the three forms of Mechanical Energy?

8. What is Gravitational Potential Energy – and how does it work? (Diagram it)

9. What is Elastic Potential Energy – and how does it work? (Diagram it)

10. What is Sound Energy – and how does it work? (Diagram it)

Energy at the Atomic Level:

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Potential Kinetic

11. What is Heat or Thermal energy – and how does it work? (Diagram it)

12. What part of the atom is moving?

13. What is Electromagnetic Energy – and how does it work? (Diagram it)

14. How does that influence other charged atomic particles?

15. What are some examples of Electromagnetic Energy?

16. What is Chemical Energy – and how does it work? (Diagram it)

17. What are some examples of Chemical Energy?

18. What is Electrical Energy – how does it work?

19. What part of the atom is moving?

20. What is Nuclear Energy – how does it work?

21. What part of the atom stores nuclear energy?

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Day 2: Energy Transfer PPT:

1. What is the second definition for work?

2. How will this relate to today’s topic of energy transfer?

3. What are the three main concepts of Transfer?

a. There is a ________________ amount of energy in the universe

b. All energy is ______________________. It’s neither ______________________

or ______________________

c. ________________ forms of energy are ________________________

4. What is usually a bi-product of energy transfer?

5. What does it mean that all forms of energy are transferable?

6. On the diagrams below – identify the highest potential energy and the highest kinetic energy.

7. If energy is not destroyed, what happens to all of the energy when the ball hits the ground?

8. What happens when objects collide?

9. How does friction turn mechanical energy into heat?

10. What are the three modes of heat transfer?

11. List the sequence of energy transformations for the following scenarios:

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Life Sustaining Energy:

Core of Sun Outside of sun (travels through space) Plant Leaves/Food Meat from cow We eat it and we move.

___________ __________ & __________ __________ __________ __________ &

___________

Electrical Energy:

1. Core of Sun 2. Outside of sun (travels through space) 3. Warms up the ground 4. Causes

water to evaporate and rise in the sky 5. Rain water 6. Water stored behind a dam 7. Water

rushes through a tunnel 8. water turns a turbine 9. This energy flows through the wires in a

power line 10. light bulb.

___________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________

___________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________

Notes:

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Energy Transfer Scenarios

1. Match Stick → Flame

____________ → ___________ + ____________

2. Sun → What the sun gives off → energy stored in plants/fruits/vegetables → (We eat it and we ...) run → reason for sweating

_________ → __________ + __________ → __________ → __________ + __________

3. Water stored behind a dam → Water running through the dam → Turning a generator → Power Lines → Light Bulb

_________ → __________ → __________ → __________ → __________ + __________

4. Battery Acid → Wires in a toy car → Moving Toy Car

_________ → __________ → __________

5. Coal → Burning the coal (to convert water into Steam) → Turns a generator → Power Lines → Stereo Playing Music

_________ → __________ + __________ → __________ → __________ → __________

6. Food → Walking

_________ → __________

7. Candle Wax → Fire

_________ → __________ + __________

8. Powered Radio Station → Radio Waves → Circuitry in a Stereo → Speakers

_________ → __________ → _________ → __________

9. Sun → What the sun gives off → Ground getting warm

_________ → __________ + ___________ → ___________

10. Battery Acid → Circuitry in TV Remote → IR Signal from Remote Control

_________ → __________ → ____________

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Pop Can Lab

Energy is the ablility to move stuff or do work. We have even discussed in class different forms of energy – Particularly Gravitational potential energy.

Question: What variables affect Gravitational Energy (GPE)?

Hypothesis:

Materials: - Tube- 3 weights- Nail- Pop cans- Board

Procedures:

Qualitative Data: Height Mass 1 Mass 2 Mass 3

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1. Calculate the amount of Gravitational Potential energy:

Mass 1: _____________Mass 2: _____________Mass 3: _____________

GPE = (mass) x (gravity) x (height)

Height Mass 1 Mass 2 Mass 3

2. How fast was the mass falling?

GPE = GKE

GKE = .5 (mass) x (velocity) 2

Height Mass 1 Mass 2 Mass 3

Data Analysis:

1. Which height setting crushed the can the most?

2. Which mass setting crushed the can the most?

3. Which variables affect gravitational potential energy? Explain.

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Heat Transfer Lab

In this lab you will do a number of experiments that show how heat is transferred from one place to another. Do each experiment and then answer the questions.Experiment #1

1. Heat up two beakers of water on a hot plate until it is close to boiling.2. Measure the temperature of the water and of both spoons. Record below.3. Place a plastic spoon in one beaker and a metal spoon in the other one.4. Measure the temperature of each spoon and the water every two minutes and record below.

Hypothesis: Which spoon will heat up fastest?

Data:Time (min) Water Temperature Plastic Spoon Temperature Metal Spoon Temperature

Conclusion: Which spoon heated up fastest?

Analysis Questions:1. How does the heat get from the water to the spoon?

2. How does the heat get from the bottom of the spoon to the end of the spoon?

3. Is the water losing energy? Where does that energy go?

Experiment #2 1. Get a piece of paper and cut it in a spiral shape as shown.2. Tie a string to the top and hang it above the hot plate.3. Write your observations below.

Observations:

Analysis Questions:1. What makes the spiral move?

2. Why does this happen?

3. How does the heat get from the hot plate to the spiral?

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Experiment #3 1. Obtain two heat lamps – one with an incandescent bulb and one with a fluorescent bulb.2. Place a black piece of paper and a white piece of paper under each bulb.3. Measure the temperature of each paper every two minutes and record below.

Incandescent bulb Fluorescent bulbTime Black paper temp. White paper temp. Black paper temp. White paper temp

Analysis questions:1. Which color of paper heated up more? Why?

2. Which bulb heated up the paper more?

3. How does the heat get from the light bulbs to the paper?

Based on your results from today’s lab, answer the questions that follow:Match the type of heat transfer with the definition.

1. _______ Radiation

2. _______ Convection

3. _______ Conduction

a. Heat transferred when warm molecules move from one place to another

b. Heat transferred when objects are touching. Heat moves from the hot to the cold object when molecules hit each other

c. Heat transferred through light waves

4. What are some things that we use to try to reduce heat transfer? List at least 4 things. (Hint: Think of things we want to keep warm or things we want to keep cold)

Stop! Return to the notes on heat transfer

5. Identify each of these as conduction, radiation or convection and say where the energy goes.a. ___________________ Placing a frying pan on a stove. Heat is transferred from

_________________________ to _____________________________.b. ___________________ Warm water rising when boiling water. Heat is transferred from

_________________________ to _____________________________.c. ___________________ Touching cold metal. Heat is transferred from

_________________________ to _____________________________.d. ___________________ Warming your hands by a fire. Heat is transferred from

_________________________ to _____________________________.e. ___________________ Warm air rising off of a warm ocean. Heat is transferred from

_________________________ to _____________________________.f. ___________________ Standing in the sun to get warm. Heat is transferred from

_________________________ to _____________________________.g. ___________________ Touching a hot light bulb. Heat is transferred from

_________________________ to _____________________________.

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13. Radiation Diagram

Heat Transfer PPTPart 1: Direction of Heat Transfer:

1. What would you predict would happen to the temperature of the hot cup of coco?

2. What would you predict would happen to the temperature of the ice cubes?

3. Which direction does heat energy flow? Hot to Cold, or Cold to Hot? (1)

a. Draw the arrows depicting the flow of heat energy: (1)

4. What are the three modes of heat transfer?a.

b.

c.

Part 2: Conduction: Heat Transfer through touch.5. How does heat transfer through conduction?

6. Draw & explain how conduction works?

Part 3: Convection: Heat Transfer through circular motion of fluid7. How does heat transfer through convection?

8. Why do hot fluids rise?

9. Why do cold fluids sink?

10. Draw a diagram and illustrating how convection cycles work.

Part 4: Radiation: Heat Transfer through light11. How does heat transfer through radiation?

12. How does the heat get from the sun to the earth when we aren’t touching it and there are no fluids for convection?

13. Draw how radiation keeps our planet warm.

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10. ConVection Diagram

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6. ConDUction Diagram

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