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Student WorkbookH1.11 Common Breed Types

www.OnlineHorseCollege.com H1.11CommonBreedTypes

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www.OnlineHorseCollege.com(Ausintec Academy P/L ATF Ausintec Academy Trust T/as)

Ausintec Academy

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Version:KD2012-02 of 18

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http://www.StudyHorses.com/


Contents

Common Breed Types Introduction Pg. 4

Horse Categories Pg. 5

Horse Types Pg. 6 & 7

Common Breeds Pg. 8 – 13

Extension Lesson Pg. 14

Recommended Reading Pg. 15

References Pg. 16




Common Breed Types Introduction

There are hundreds of horse breeds through-out the world. A ‘breed’ refers to a horse with particular characteristics which are consistently transmitted to their offspring. These

characteristics include conformation, colour, disposition and performance ability. Some breeds are known for special abilities and talents. Some breeds where developed from

crossing with other breeds over many years, even centuries whilst others have originated from the offspring of a handful of sires.




Horse Categories

Through-out this workbook horses may be referred to as being a ‘hot-blood’ or ‘cold-blood’. Horse breeds can be divided (loosely) into 3 categories being cold bloods, hot bloods and warm bloods.

Cold bloods are those breeds which tend to be of heavier body type and even temperament suitable for slow or heavy work such as the Clydesdale.

An example of a ‘cold blood’ the Clydesdale. Heavier bone and body structure with a level, even temperament.

Hot bloods include breeds like the Arabian and the Thoroughbred which can be spirited in temperament, lighter in bone and body structure and bred for endurance and speed work.

An example of a ‘hot blood’ the Thoroughbred. Refined features, light body structure and spirited temperament.

Warm bloods are a combination of the hot and cold bloods. They are bred to be suitable for specific riding purposes. They often have the size and even temperament of the cold bloods but the influence of hot bloods brings refined features and athleticism.

An example of a ‘warm blood’ this is a Dutch warm-blood stallion. You can see the horse has maintained the height and strong frame and bone structure of the cold blood yet is refined from the influence of the hot blood breeding.




Horse Types

A horse type isn’t a breed but a term used to describe horses that have simular characteristics.

Cob:-

This type is of small, compact build with short legs, large joints and a steady disposition. This term is also used in some countries to describe a horse used for everyday riding. Standing from 14.2 hands and higher, cobs types can be seen in a range of disciplines and horse events. Cob types are capable of carrying a considerable amount of weight.

Hunter:-

These may also be referred to as a show hunter, field hunter and working hunter. Show hunters’ are a show horse exhibited in competition and competes on the flat (i.e. on a flat surface exhibiting paces, transitions, figures). A working hunter is simular to a show hunter except that they may be required to jump fences. A field hunter is a type of horse used for fox-hunting. Hunters have low, sweeping strides, excellent jumping form, a relaxed and calm temperament and good manners.




Horse Types (cont.)

Hack:-

Sometimes also called show hacks, these horses are elegant in appearance, good conformation, educated and obedient.




Common Breeds

Thoroughbred:-

The thoroughbred is best known as a race horse. Known for their speed and agility they can be quite spirited and are considered a ‘hot-blooded’ horse. The breed was first developed in England during the 17th and 18th centuries from three arabian stallions.

Though the thoroughbred is used mainly for racing they are found in many different disciplines including dressage, polo, show-jumping, combined training and endurance.

In the southern hemisphere thoroughbreds turn a year older on the 1st of August and in the northern hemisphere on the first of January. These dates have been set to standardise races and competitions which carry age groups.

Characteristics:-

Standing from 15.2 hands thoroughbreds are most often a solid colour like brown, black, bay, chestnut and grey. Other colours such as palomino are rare in the breed and patterned colours are not recognised by breed registries. They have long legs and necks with refined heads and high withers, deep chests, short backs with a good depth to the hind-quarters and an overall lean appearance.

However this breed tends to be prone to hoof injuries and defects due to developing a breed which is light and agile, they have small hooves in comparison to large body mass. Another health issue is bleeding into the lungs. This is during high exertion, like galloping and whilst horses which ‘bleed’ (usually out of one or both nostrils- simular to a blood nose in humans) repeatedly during racing are banned they are still extremely suitable mounts for other sports and disciplines. Legs injuries are common because racehorses start their training at a very young age which puts strain on structures which are still developing and maturing.




Common Breeds (cont.)

Stock Horse (Australian Stock Horse):-

This is a hardy breed used in various disciplines and developed for Australian conditions.

The Stock horse was developed from breeds like the Thoroughbred, Arabian, Timor pony and Welsh mountain pony in the 17th-18th century when Australia saw the arrival of the first fleet at Botany Bay.

Formal recognition of the Australian Stock Horse as a breed began in 1971. Horses were inspected and assessed for breeding, conformation and athletic ability.

Characteristics:-

They are intelligent, agile and surefooted. All colours are accepted and range from 14 – 16.2 hands in height. The head of this breed has a large eye with broad forehead. They should be well-proportioned with a long neck, well defined withers, deep chest, well sprung ribs, broad back, strong hind-quarters and hard, well conformed hooves. The overall appearance of this breed should be well muscled.

The Australian stock displays a good, quiet temperament.





Arabian:-

Originating in the Middle East it is one of the most recognisable breeds with evidence that the breed dates back 4,500 years. The breed has been used to improve other breeds with endurance, speed and refinement.

It is a horse which is generally quick to learn and good natured and finds uses in many disciplines and is particularly suited to endurance. Being developed in a desert environment the Arabian is versatile and prized war mares were often brought into tents for protection from weather, predators and from theft.

Characteristics:-

Arabs have distinct features, their heads have a dished profile with a broad forehead, large eyes and nostrils and small muzzles. The neck is generally arched, laid back shoulder, short back, long flat croup and high set tail. They possess short cannon bones and strong hoof walls. Standing around 14.1 – 15.1 hands (it is not uncommon for them to be taller) the arab is considered to be a ‘hot-blooded’ horse due to their intelligence and sensitivity.

Colours include brown, bay, chestnut, gray with black being the least common.





Standardbred:-

This breed is recognised for their ability in harness racing at trot or pace (a 2 beat gait where the legs move in lateral pairs i.e. left hind with left fore, right hind with right fore). Breeds which contributed to the Standardbred were the Thoroughbred, Norfolk trotter, Hackney, Morgan and the Canadian pacer.

The first trotting races were held in field under saddle in the 17th century however by the 18th century courses were being used with the horses in harness.

In 1879 the name Standardbred was first used derived from the fact that to be registered a horse had to complete a distance in a ‘standard’ time.

They can be found in disciplines outside of harness racing including jumping and dressage, however horses which have been pacers require some education to teach them to perform trot.

Characteristics:-

The Standardbred is longer in the body than the thoroughbred and heavier in build. With placid dispositions they have solid yet refined legs and powerful shoulders and hind-quarters. In height they range from 14.1 – 17 hands and colours include bay, brown, chestnut, black and gray.

Standardbreds are often branded on the neck.





Quarter Horse:-

This breed was foundered from Arab, Turk and Barb bloodlines. The name ‘Quarter Horse’ arose from the breeds’ ability to outrun other breeds in races of a quarter of a mile or less. It is best known today in reining, cutting, rodeo, racing and showing circles. They are also used for dressage, jumping and trail riding.

The American Quarter Horse Association is the largest breed registry in the world which illustrates the popularity of the Quarter Horse.

Characteristics:-

Well-muscled body with a small refined head and straight profile, broad chest and rounded hind-quarters. Starting from about 14hh there are three types of Quarter Horse the stock type, halter type and the racing or hunter type.

The racing type tends to be taller and more streamline and smoother muscled, simular to that of a thoroughbred. They have long legs but still maintain the characteristic large powerful hind-quarter of the Quarter Horse.

Stock types are smaller whilst being quick and agile.

Horses which are shown in hand may be referred to as ‘halter types’. These horses are very muscled, with the typical small heads and refined muzzles.

Quarter Horses come in all colours and registries will accept spotted patterns as long as both parents are registered.

Stock/Halter type Racing type





Shetland:-

Shetland ponies originated in the Shetland Isles near Scotland. Due to the harsh climate and scarceness of food they are quite hardy ponies. Primarily they were used for pulling carts and ploughing farmland however with the industrial revolution the ponies were shipped to Britain to work underground as pit ponies hauling coal in the coal mines.

They are used today for showing, driving and as children’s ponies. This breed has also been trained as ‘guide horses’ to help the blind in the same way as guide dogs.

The Shetland, despite its size is a strong breed being able to pull twice its own weight (whereas a draft horse in simular circumstances can pull only half its weight) and can carry up to 60kgs.

Characteristics:-

They have a small head with widely spaced eyes, small ears and occasionally a dished face. Their body is compact and stocky with a muscular neck, short strong legs with short cannon bones, broad back and a deep girth. They tend to have lengthy, thick manes and tails and in the colder months a dense, thick winter coat.

Shetlands range from 7 – 11.2 hands and come in most colours, they can live to around the age of 30 years but are prone to weight problems which lead to laminitis (founder) which is a condition that affects the structure of the hooves, often making it difficult for the horse/pony to walk or bear weight on the affected hooves.

They are quite intelligent, brave and generally good natured however due to this intelligence poor handling can influence poor behaviour.




Extension Lesson

What horse breeds have you encountered or worked with?

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What did you find to be some of the advantages and/or disadvantages of these breeds?

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Ask some horse people about their horse and fill in the table below.

Horse Breed Why they do/do not prefer this breed

What do they use their horse for




Recommended Reading

Publication:- Author:-

Horses and Ponies Collins Gem

The Visual Dictionary of the Horse D K Publishing

Webpages:-

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Quarter_Horse

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardbred

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_horse

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Stock_Horse

http://www.ashs.com.au/aboutus/default.asp

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoroughbred










References

Webpages:-







http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cob_%28horse%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Show_hack

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Show_hunter_%28British%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Show_hunter

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_hunter

Images:

Page 5 http://www.hilltopfarminc.com/stallion_negro.htmlhttp://s.bebo.com/app-image/7947058239/5411656627/PROFILE/i.quizzaz.com/img/q/u/08/04/24/thoroughbred.jpghttp://www.albertaclydesdalesandshires.org/images/classifieds/CuttercroppedFORSTALLION.gif

Page 6 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Welshcob.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ec/Show_Hunter_UK.JPG

Page 7 www.equiscene.com.au/index.php?p=1_13_Photo-G...Page 8 http://s.bebo.com/app-image/7947058239/5411656627/PROFILE/i.quizzaz.com/

img/q/u/08/04/24/thoroughbred.jpg



http://s.bebo.com/app-image/7947058239/5411656627/PROFILE/i.quizzaz.com/img/q/u/08/04/24/thoroughbred.jpg


http://www.equiscene.com.au/index.php?p=1_13_Photo-Gallery

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ec/Show_Hunter_UK.JPG

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Welshcob.jpg

http://www.albertaclydesdalesandshires.org/images/classifieds/CuttercroppedFORSTALLION.gif

http://www.albertaclydesdalesandshires.org/images/classifieds/CuttercroppedFORSTALLION.gif



http://www.hilltopfarminc.com/stallion_negro.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_hunter

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Show_hunter

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Show_hunter_(British)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Show_hack

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cob_(horse)








References (cont.)

Images:-

Page 9 http://www.elliottequine.com/sale/cadabra.jpgPage 10 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/LaMirage_body07.jpgPage 11 lynnsquarterhorses.com/

racehorse-studs.com/ocean-runaway-si-105/177Page 12 http://www.brockvilleshetlands.co.uk/pp/uploads/brockville/

Venture_at_Devon_County_2007.jpg



http://www.brockvilleshetlands.co.uk/pp/uploads/brockville/Venture_at_Devon_County_2007.jpg

http://www.brockvilleshetlands.co.uk/pp/uploads/brockville/Venture_at_Devon_County_2007.jpg

http://racehorse-studs.com/ocean-runaway-si-105/177

http://lynnsquarterhorses.com/

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/LaMirage_body07.jpg

http://www.elliottequine.com/sale/cadabra.jpg

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