Transcription and Translation

The story so far…..

DNA replication

- DNA double helix unwinds and with the help of many ___________ to make a new semiconservative____________strand.

Proteins are formed from amino acids into _____different structures

RNA is a key player in getting the genetic code from DNA to the protein.

mRNA – takes information from DNA to ________________

tRNA – carries ___________to the ribosomes to make polypeptides

rRNA – joins with proteins in the cytoplasm to form _____________

The next chapter in the story….

There are 2 stages in protein synthesis:

1. ____________ -DNA is copied onto mRNA and taken out of the nucleus

2. ___________ - Instructions are followed from mRNA to assemble polypeptides

Transcription

DNA is used as a _____________to form a molecule of

____________-stranded mRNA

Three steps of Transcription:

1)

2)

3)

1) DNA Unzipping

_____________of DNA is unzipped (_______between nitrogen bases are broken)

_______________ binds at the TATA box

Enzyme ____________– helps to break the Hydrogen bonds

2) Complimentary Base Pairing

Free-floating ______ -nucleotides temporarily ________________bond with their complimentary nucleotides on the DNA template

Ex: DNA – A T C G RNA –

Only one of the DNA strands is used as the template.

______________ helps to bond the sugar-phosphate backbone

3) Termination

RNA polymerase reaches termination ___________

RNA polymerase __________from DNA, releasing

single-stranded mRNA strand

DNA ___________ into its double helix

mRNA is _______(extrons and introns) and capped

mRNA is transported out of the nucleus – through

the ___________________

Translation

mRNA goes into the _________________and is used as a template to synthesize a _______________molecule.

Three Steps of Translation

1) Initiation –

2) Elongation –

3) Termination –

1) Initiation

need start codon AUG

The first tRNA, with anticodon ___________ and amino acid ______________ temporarily binds to the first site

2) Elongation

The second ________molecule attaches to the second site of translation

The _________from the first _____ is transferred to the____________on the second _________.

The first tRNA _____, the ribosome ______, a ___ tRNA enters, and the process is __________.

The process is repeated many times, and a ___________ or strand of amino acids, is formed.

3) Termination

The _______________enters.

Translation, or protein synthesis,______.

The completed ___________ is released.

Translation - Application

What does this diagram represent?

Connection between different RNAs

mRNA binds with _________– at the ribosome

tRNA bring the __________ to the ribosome

mRNA has triplet _________ that match with triplet __________ on the tRNA

The codons/anticodons and amino acids – all ________________to each other

If GAA is the mRNA codon – what is the:

◦ tRNA anticodon:

◦ Amino acid:

Which of the following is an anticodon of a molecule of tRNA carrying glycine?

A. G G A

B. C C U

C. C C T

D. C G C

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Translation - Application

DNA Sequence:

T A C G C A A A A T G G C C T A C T

mRNA Sequence:

Amino acid sequence: