UNIT B Unit Review Page 268 Unit...
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NEL 278 Unit B: Elements, Compounds, and Reactions B UNIT Unit Review Page 268 Unit Summary • Have students make a concept map based on the ideas in the Unit Summary on page 268 of the Student Book. Allow students to work in pairs. Students can use the vocabulary lists for each chapter in the unit for guidance, but it is not necessary that they include every vocabulary term. • Students can prepare for a Unit or year-end exam by reviewing the Exam- Taking Strategy Worksheets found in the Student Workbook. • Have students complete WS B-1 Unit B Quiz in the Student Workbook to review the vocabulary and concepts in this unit. Review Key Ideas and Vocabulary—Suggested Answers 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. (a) F; (b) O 2- ; (c) O 2 ; (d) K 1+ 11. (a) (b) (c) (d) Ne 10 C 6 Al 13 Li 3 12. H 2 , O 2 , N 2 , F 2 , Cl 2 , Br 2 , I 2 13. Using the crisscross method to write chemical formulas ensures that you have maintained the charge balance. 14. Ionic compounds are made up of ions. A bond forms between ions when one ion transfers electrons to another. Molecular compounds are made up of molecules, or covalently bonded atoms. Covalently bonded atoms share electrons. 15. (a) iii; (b) i; (c) ii 16. A 17. D 18. pH scale Neutral Acids 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Bases Time 45–60 min Skills and Processes The Unit Review provides an opportunity for students to demonstrate their understanding of and their ability to apply the key ideas, vocabulary, and skills and processes, and to demonstrate their ability to think critically. Program Resources WS B-1 Unit B Quiz Nelson Science Probe 10 website www.science.nelson.com
Transcript of UNIT B Unit Review Page 268 Unit...
NEL278 Unit B: Elements, Compounds, and Reactions
BUNIT
Unit Review Page 268
Unit Summary• Have students make a concept map based on the ideas in the Unit Summary
on page 268 of the Student Book. Allow students to work in pairs. Studentscan use the vocabulary lists for each chapter in the unit for guidance, but itis not necessary that they include every vocabulary term.
• Students can prepare for a Unit or year-end exam by reviewing the Exam-Taking Strategy Worksheets found in the Student Workbook.
• Have students complete WS B-1 Unit B Quiz in the Student Workbook toreview the vocabulary and concepts in this unit.
Review Key Ideas and Vocabulary—Suggested Answers
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D
6. B 7. B 8. C 9. D
10. (a) F; (b) O2-; (c) O2; (d) K1+
11. (a) (b)
(c) (d)
Ne10
C6
Al13
Li3
12. H2, O2, N2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
13. Using the crisscross method to write chemical formulas ensures that you have maintained the chargebalance.
14. Ionic compounds are made up of ions. A bond forms between ions when one ion transfers electrons toanother. Molecular compounds are made up of molecules, or covalently bonded atoms. Covalentlybonded atoms share electrons.
15. (a) iii; (b) i; (c) ii
16. A 17. D
18.
pH scale
NeutralAcids
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Bases
Time
45–60 min
Skills and Processes
The Unit Review provides anopportunity for students todemonstrate theirunderstanding of and theirability to apply the key ideas,vocabulary, and skills andprocesses, and todemonstrate their ability tothink critically.
Program Resources
WS B-1 Unit B QuizNelson Science Probe 10
websitewww.science.nelson.com
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19. An organic compound is a molecular compound that has carbon atoms as its basis.
20. According to the Law of Conservation of Mass, the total mass of the products of a chemical reactionequals the total mass of the reactants.
21. In order for a reaction to occur, colliding reactant molecules must have a certain minimum amount ofenergy. To give reactant molecules enough energy, you can increase the amount of reactant, increase thesurface area of the reactants, increase temperature, and/or add catalysts.
22. A 23. A
Use What You’ve Learned—Suggested Answers
24. D
25. (a) carbon-14
(b) Atoms of different elements can have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei. The number ofneutrons in a nucleus does not affect the identity of an atom or the atom’s chemical properties.
(c)
26. (a) nitrogen-15 (b) uranium-240 (c) polonium-126
27. An ion cannot exist on its own because to form an ion, an atom must gain electrons from or donateelectrons to another atom.
28. (a) ii; B (b) i; A (c) i; A (d) ii; B (e) iii; B
29.
30. D 31. A
32. (a) ionic; Be(NO3)2
(b) ionic; (NH4)2CO3
(c) ionic; PbF2
(d) ionic; Al2Se3
(e) molecular; CCl433. (a) ionic; rubidium chloride
(b) ionic; ammonium phosphide
(c) molecular; trinitrogen hexabromide
(d) ionic; titanium(III) oxide
(e) ionic; strontium(II) phosphate
Mg12
2+ 3–
P15
C6
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NEL280 Unit B: Elements, Compounds, and Reactions
34. (a) ionic; potassium chloride
(b) ionic; Ca(NO3)2
(c) molecular; dinitrogen tetroxide
(d) ionic; PbS2
(e) ionic; barium perchlorate
35. I would expect an ionic solution to conduct electricity. I would not expect a molecular solution toconduct electricity.
36. (a) hydrochloric acid
(b) HClO4
(c) sulfuric acid
(d) HClO2
(e) nitrous acid
37. (a) (b) (c)
38. (a) (b) (c) (d)
39. (a) (b) (c)
40. Barium and strontium are in the same family, so the elements are likely to have similar properties. Thus,like strontium chloride, barium chloride is probably a white crystalline solid with a high melting point.
41. (a) Ba + 2 HCl S BaCl2 + H2; single displacement
(b) 2 Al + 3 S S Al2S3; synthesis
(c) Sr(NO3)2 + 2 NaOH S 2 NaNO3 + Sr(OH)2; double displacement
(d) 3 Mg + 2 H3PO4 S Mg3(PO4)2 + 3 H2; single displacement
(e) CaCO3 S CaO + CO2; decomposition
(f) 2 C10H22 + 31 O2 S 20 CO2 + 22 H2O; combustion
42. (a) 2 Ba + O2 S 2 BaO; synthesis
(b) C5H12 + 8 O2 S 5 CO2 + 6 H2O; combustion
(c) Ba(NO3)2 + 2 KOH S Ba(OH)2 + 2 KNO3; double displacement
(d) 2 Al + 3 ZnSO4 S Al2(SO4)3 + 3 Zn; single displacement
(e) H2SO4 + Sr(OH)2 S SrSO4 + 2 H2O; double displacement (acid-base neutralization)
(f) 2 NaCl S 2 Na + Cl2; decomposition
Think Critically—Suggested Answers
43. Sample answer:
1. Determine the number of electrons of the atom or ion.
2. Determine the number of electron shells needed. Draw them around the atom’s nucleus.
OHHC F
F
FFCl
Cl ClB
BCNO
Ca2+2_
O1–
Cl
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3. Draw two electrons at the top of the first electron shell.
4. Draw the electrons on the second electron shell by distributing the first four electrons evenly on theshell, starting by placing one on the top and moving counter clockwise, putting one electron each onthe left side, the bottom, then the right side.
5. If there are electrons remaining, pair them up with the electrons already in the shell. Do not exceed 8electrons in this shell.
6. If there are still electrons remaining, repeat Steps 3 and 4 for the next electron shell.
Sample diagram:
1. An oxygen atom has 8 protons and 8 electrons, meaning it will have 2 electron shells.
2. Two electrons go on the first shell.
3. Four electrons are placed evenly around the second shell.
4. Two electrons remain. They are paired with the other electrons.
44. C
45. Sample answer: Groups respond to the scene of a spill as quickly as possible. First, they make sure that noone is hurt at the site of the spill. Then, they use spill control materials, such as socks and pillows, toclean up the spill. Socks and pillows are filled with absorbent filler. They are placed on the chemical spillto contain it and absorb it. Other loose absorbent materials are spread over the spill starting from theoutside, moving inward toward the center of the spill. Neutralizers are spread on the spilled acid or base.The neutralizer indicates when neutralization is complete. When the spill is absorbed and neutralized, itcan be cleaned up with a brush and scoop. It is placed in a safe container with an indicator that it hashazardous waste inside of it. Surfaces are further cleaned with a mild detergent and water.
46. D
O8
O8
O8
O8
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NEL282 Unit B: Elements, Compounds, and Reactions
Reflect On Your Learning—Suggested Answers
47. Sample Essay: I’ve learned a lot about chemical reactions. I didn’t know so many things in my everydaylife wouldn’t happen if it weren’t for chemical reactions. Chemical reactions happen everywhere all thetime. If chemical reactions didn’t happen in our bodies, we wouldn’t be able to digest food, get oxygenfrom air, or fight off sickness.
One of the most important chemical reactions happens in our cells. It is the combustion reaction ofglucose to produce energy, or C6H12O6 S 6 CO2 + 6 H2O. Humans get a lot of energy from thisreaction. Without it, I wouldn’t have the energy to take part in sports and other activities every day afterschool. Another important reaction is the combustion of natural gas to provide heat energy to homes, likemine. The reaction is: CH4 � 2 O2 S CO2 � 2 H2O. During the winter, when it is really cold, thisreaction keeps homes and people warm. It might be below zero outside, but it can be very warm inside.
ESL
• For questions that require lengthy responses, consider interviewing ESL learners instead so that they canexpress themselves verbally. Though ESL learners should be encouraged to speak in complete sentenceswhenever possible, allow beginning ESL students to express themselves with simple words or short phrases.
Extra Challenge
• Consider adding a lab practicum component as an end-of-the-unit assessment. Students could movethrough stations to examine samples of substances (copper, sulfur powder, table salt, etc.) and classify themas metals/non-metals, ionic compounds/molecular compounds. You could also demonstrate a few simplereactions that were done in Try This activities and in Investigations and have students describe the kind ofreaction that is taking place and what evidence supports their choices.
Meeting Individual Needs
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