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Present Perfect Simple

The present perfect simple expresses an action that is still going on or that stopped recently, but has an influence on the present. It puts emphasis on the result.

Form of Present Perfect

Positive

affirmativeNegative

Question

interrogative

I / you / we / they

HAVE

I have spoken.

S+have/has + V3

I have not spoken.

S+have/has + NOT+ V3

have not =haven’t

has not = hasn’t

Have I spoken?

Have/has +S+ V3 ?

he / she / it

pt persoana a III-a sg se folosește HAS

He has spoken.

El a vorbit.

He has not spoken. Has he spoken?

For irregular verbs, use the participle form (see list of irregular verbs, 3rd column). For regular verbs, just add “ed”.

He has just left. El tocmai a plecat . (Leave, left,left - a pleca, a părăsi)

We have already finished our essay. Noi deja am terminat eseurile. (finish, ed)

we have - we’ve, you have - you’ve, they have - they’ve, I have- I’ve

he has - he’s, she has-she’s, it has-it’s

Use of Present Perfect▪ puts emphasis on the result (se accentuează rezultatul acțiunii)

Example: She has written five letters. Ea a scris 5 scrisori.

the result > we can see them

▪ action that is still going on (o acțiune care încă mai continuă)

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Example: School has not started yet. Scoala nu a început încă.

▪ action that stopped recently (acțiune care s-a terminat recent)

Example: She has cooked dinner. Ea a pregătit cina.

▪ finished action that has an influence on the present (Acțiune terminată care are o influență asupra prezentului)

Example: I have lost my key. Mi-am pierdut cheia. The present result : I do not have the keys.

▪ finished action in an unfinished period (acțiune terminată într-o perioadă neterminată)

Example: I have me t Jane this week . Am întâlnit-o pe Jane săptămâna aceasta. (present perfect simple)

!!!!! I met Jane last week. Am întâlnit-o pe Jane săptămâna trecută. (past simple)

▪ action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking

(actiune care a avut loc odata, niciodată sau de câteva ori înainte de momentul vorbirii)

Example: I have never been to Australia.

▪ action that started in the past and continues in the present (acțiune care a început în trecut și care continuă în prezent) FOR/SINCE

▪ Example: I have known Jane for ten years. O cunosc pe Jane de 10 ani.

I have known Jane since 2001. O cunosc pe Jane din 2001.

Signal Words of Present Perfect▪ already (deja), ever(vreodată), just(tocmai), never(niciodată), not yet(nu încă), so

far(până acum), till now (până acum), up to now (până acum), since (din), for (din, de), recently (recent), today (azi), this week (această săptămână), this month (luna aceasta) etc

Exercises

1. Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect simple).

2. I ……………(not / work) today.3. We …………… (buy) a new lamp.4. We ………… (not / plan) our holiday yet.

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5. Where …………… (be / you) ?6. He …………… (write) five letters.7. She ………… (not / see) him for a long time.8. …………… (be / you) at school?9. School ………… (not / start) yet.10. ……… (speak / he) to his boss?11. No, he … … (have / not) the time yet.

2. Loch Ness is a lake between the Scottish towns of Inverness and Fort Augustus. The word loch is Scottish for lake. Loch Ness is about 37 km long and extremely deep, the deepest part is 226 m.

Loch Ness is famous for its friendly monster, Nessie. Most people think that this is only a legend, but every year tourists from all over the world come to Loch Ness and hope that they will see the monster.

Write the verbs in present perfect simple.

1. Tourists from all over the world …… …. (be) to Loch Ness.2. Most of them ……… ……. (see / not) Nessie, however.3. Only very few people say that the Loch Ness Monster … (appear) in front of them.4. Even scientists … ……. (come) to Loch Ness to find the monster.5. And the boss of the Guinness brewery …… …. (promise) to pay 500,000 Pounds to the

person who catches Nessie.

Ex 3

Read the following text :

A Look at the Intriguing History of Snowboarding

By Keith Kingston

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To say who actually invented the sport of snowboarding would be impossible because people have always loved to slide down a snow-covered hill. Soaring through the snow on some kind of seat or board is nothing new. The ways to enjoy the snow are numerous, and people have devised ways to turn garbage can lids and cardboard into ‘snow boards’ to enjoy an afternoon frolic outdoors. The various ways to glide through snow have become more sophisticated and have evolved into using polished boards or skis in much the same manner as a surfboarder would ride a wave.

There have been many attempts at developing a modern snowboard. In 1965, the ‘Snurfer’ (a word play on ‘snow’ and ‘surfer’) was developed as a child’s toy. Two skis were bound together and a rope was placed at the front end to afford control and stability. Over 500,000 ‘Snurfers’ were sold in 1966 but they were never seen as more than a child's plaything even though organized competitions began to take place. The year 1969 brought a slightly more sophisticated snowboard based on the principles of skiing combined with surfboard styling.

The ‘Flying Yellow Banana’ was developed in 1977. This was nothing more than a plastic shell covered with a top surface like that of a skateboard, but at the time it was considered a major advance in the little known sport of snowboarding. The first national snowboard race was held in the area outside Woodstock and was known as ‘The Suicide Six.’ The race consisted of a steep downhill run called The Face in which the main goal was probably mere survival.

Snowboarding continued to increase in popularity over the next several years. In 1985 the first magazine dedicated specifically to snowboarding hit the news

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stands with huge success and furthered the popularity of this exciting sport. Hoards of fans began to organize regional events and pretty soon snowboarding events were held in all parts of the world. In the year 1994 snowboarding was finally declared an Olympic event, much to the delight of fans. The not-so-new sport of snowboarding was finally recognized and meant a huge victory for serious snowboarders across the globe.

A collection of snowboarding tricks and stunts was released on video in 1996. Filmed in Alaska, the breathtaking beauty and captivating snowboarding techniques featured in the video exposed snowboarding to a new generation, and by 1998 snowboarding constituted almost 50% of all winter activity. Today, nearly all ski resorts accept snowboarders. There are still a few holding on to the past but this is unlikely to continue as the number of snowboarders continually increases.

From the first crudely built snowboards to the advanced and specialized models available today, snowboarders have carried a ‘bad boy’ image. This rebel reputation is still common today in spite of the fact that snowboarding appeals to men, women, and children of all nationalities and social groups. At most major ski resorts you can find snowboarding gear, information, and lessons. Olympic and world wide snowboarding events are among the most popular of winter sports and the competition to be the best is fierce.

Retailers nation wide and around the world carry many types of snowboards, and the choice in specially made snowboarding gear is immense. Snowboarders have participated in the X Games and even charity events such as Boarding for Breast Cancer. From its early meager beginnings snowboarding has progressed into a fully recognized sport, and large numbers of people are turning to snowboarding for adventure, fun, and professional recognition.

Keith Kingston is a professional web publisher offering information on snowboards, skiing, ski vacations, snow removal and snowmobiles at all-4-snow.com

Article Source: EzineArticles.com

a. Translate the text into Romanian.b. Make 10 questions using the verbs highlighted at present perfect simple. Write the

answers too.Ex. 4

a.Write sentences in present perfect simple.1. they / ask / a question - They have asked a question.2. he / speak / English - He has spoken English.3. I / be / in my room - I have been in my room.4. we / not / wash / the car - We haven’t washed the car.5. Annie / not / forget / her homework - Annie hasn’t forgotten her homework.

b.Write questions in present perfect simple.1. they / finish / their homework - Have they finished their homework ?2. Sue / kiss / Ben - Has Sue kissed Ben ?.3. the waiter / bring / the tea -Has the waiter brought the tea ?

(bring, brought, brought- a aduce)

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4. Marilyn / pay / the bill - Has Marilyn paid the bill ? bill- nota de plata, factura5. you / ever / write / a poem - Have you ever written a poem ?

c.Ask for the information in the bold part of the sentence.1. They have talked about art at school. - Where have they talked about art ? (at school)2. Jane has got a letter. - What has Jane got ? (a letter)3. Oliver has cooked dinner. - Who has cooked dinner ? (Oliver)4. Caron has read seven pages. -How many pages has Caron read ?(7)5. You have heard the song 100 times. - How many times have you heard the song ? (100)

d.Write sentences in present perfect simple.1. Phil / not / miss / the bus - …………………………………….2. they / not / plant / a tree - …………………………………….3. Vanessa / catch / the ball - Vanessa has caught the ball.4. we / sell / our old car - …………………………………….5. the train / leave / the station - …………………………………….

e.Write questions in present perfect simple.1. you / correct / my mistakes - …………………………………….2. you / practise / your English - …………………………………….3. she / tidy up / her room - …………………………………….4. the boss / sign / the letter - …………………………………….5. Mary / shut / the door - …………………………………….

f. Ask for the information in the bold part of the sentence.1. Tony has built a house. - What has Tony built ? (a house)2. Avril has crossed the street at the traffic lights. - Where has Avril crossed the street ?3. They have never been to Australia. - Have they ever been to Australia ?4. Rupert has dialed the number. - Who has dialed the number ? (Rubert)5. Betty has spent 200 euros at the shopping mall. -How much has Betty spent at the

shopping mall ? (200 euros)

g. Write sentences in present perfect simple.1. we / reach / our goal - …………………………………….2. our team / lose / the match - …………………………………….3. she / underline / the word - …………………………………….4. they / not / discover / the treasure - …………………………………….5. Ron / not / talk / about the problem - …………………………………….

h.Write questions in present perfect simple.1. you / knock / at the door - …………………………………….

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2. the teacher / mark / the tests - …………………………………….3. she / buy / a new computer - …………………………………….4. they / rescue / the girl - …………………………………….5. Brad / wear / a blue shirt - …………………………………….

i.Ask for the information in the bold part of the sentence.1. They have seen him at the library. - Where have they seen him ? (at the library)2. Robby Robber has robbed another bank. - What has RR robbed ? (another bank)3. Bill has ordered three desserts. - How many desserts has Bill ordered ? (three)4. Clara has repeated the sentence five times. - How many times has Clara repeated the

sentence ? (five times)5. Jane has asked a question. - Who has asked a question ? (Jane)

Form

Simple Past Present Perfect Simple

irregular verbs: see 2nd column of irregular verbs

Example:

I spoke

irregular verbs: form of 'have' + 3rd column of irregular verbs

Example:

I / you / we / they have spokenhe / she / it has spoken

regular verbs: infinitive + ed

Example:I worked

regular verbs: form of 'have' + infinitive + ed

Example:I / you / we / they have workedhe / she / it has worked

Exceptions

Exceptions when adding 'ed':

▪ when the final letter is e, only add dExample : love - loved

▪ after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled

Example:

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admit - admitted▪ final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English)

Example:travel - travelled

▪ after a consonant, final y becomes i (but: not after a vowel)

Example:worry - worriedbut: play - played

UseIn British English, the use of Simple Past and Present Perfect is quite strict. As soon as a time expression in the past is given, you have to use Simple Past. If there are no signal words, you must decide if we just talk about an action in the past or if its consequence in the present is important.

Note that the following explanations and exercises refer to British English only. In American English, you can normally use Simple Past instead of Present Perfect. We cannot accept this in our exercises, however, as this would lead to confusions amongst those who have to learn the differences.

Certain time in the past or just / already / yet?

Do you want to express that an action happened at a certain time in the past (even if it was just a few seconds ago) or that an action has just / already / not yet happened?


certain time in the past ago, yesterday , last (week, month, year)

Example:I phoned Mary 2 minutes ago.

just / already / not yetExample:

I have just phoned Mary.

Certain event in the past or how often so far?

Do you want to express when a certain action took place or whether / how often an action has happened till now?

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certain event in the pastExample:

He went to Canada last summer.WHEN ?LAST SUMMER

whether / how often till nowExample:

Have you ever been to Canada? / I have been to Canada twice. Yes, I have been to Canada. WHEN ?NO ANSWER

Emphasis on action or result?

Do you just want to express what happened in the past? Or do you want to emphasise the result (a past action's consequence in the present)?


Emphasis on action

Example:

I bought a new bike yesterday. (just telling what I did in the past.)WHEN ? YESTERDAY

Emphasis on result

Example:

I have bought a new bike. (With this sentence I actually want to express that I have a new bike now.)WHEN ? NO ANSWER

Signal Words


▪ yesterday/ the day before yesterday

▪ ... ago▪ in 1990/2019/1980▪ the other day/the other

month/the other year▪ last ...

▪ just▪ already▪ up to now▪ until now / till now▪ ever▪ (not) yet▪ so far

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▪ lately / recently▪ this week/month/year▪ today

He …went…(go) to the seaside last week. WHEN ? LAST WEEK - PAST SIMPLE

He has gone (go) to the seaside . WHEN ? NO ANSWER - PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

He has gone (go) to the seaside this week. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

He has gone (go) to the seaside lately. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

Exercise 1

Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).

1. Mother: I want to prepare dinner. Have you washed (you / wash) the dishes yet?2. Daughter: I washed (wash) the dishes yesterday, but I haven’t had (have / not) the time

yet to do it today.3. Mother: Have you already done (you / do / already) your homework?4. Daughter: No, I have just come (come / just) home from school.5. Mother: You came (come) home from school two hours ago!6. Daughter: Well, but my friend Lucy called (call) when I arrived (arrive) and I have just

finished (finish / just) the phone call.7. Mother: Didn’t you see (you / see / not) Lucy at school in the morning?8. Daughter: Yes, but we didn’t have (have / not) time to talk then.

Exercise 2


1. A: I have just cycled (cycle / just) 50 km. present perfect simple2. B: I cycled (cycle) 100 km last week. past simple3. A: I wrote (write) an essay yesterday. past simple

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4. B: I have already written (write / already) two essays this term. present perfect simple5. A: I have just rung (ring / just) my friend. present perfect simple6. B: I rang (ring) my friend 10 minutes ago. past simple7. A: Two days ago, I watched (watch) a Madonna concert on TV. past simple8. B: I have already seen (see / already) Madonna live in concert. present perfect simple9. A: I spent (spend) my summer holiday in Australia last year. past simple10. B: I haven’t been (be / not) to Australia yet. present perfect simple

Exercise 3


1. A: Have you ever been to London (you / be / ever) to London? present perfect simple2. B: Yes, I have been (be) there three times. present perfect simple3. A: When was (be) the last time you were(be) there? past simple4. B: Last summer I spent (spend) two weeks in Brighton with my parents and we went

(go) to London one weekend.5. A:Did you like it (you / like) it?6. B:Oh yes. We really had (have) a great time in London.7. A: Lucky you! I have never been (be / never) to London.

Exercise 4


1. A: Have you ever tried (you / try / ever) haggis?2. B: Oh, yes!3. A: How often have you eaten (you / eat) haggis? haggis- pudding containing sheep's pluck

(heart, liver, and lungs)4. B: Two times exactly.5. A: When DID YOU first EAT (you / eat / first) haggis? WHEN - PAST SIMPLE !!!!!!!!6. B: That was (be) in 2005. We had (have) a Scottish festival in our town and they also sold

(sell) traditional Scottish food. So I bought (buy) haggis.7. A: Did you like it (you / like) it?8. B: It wasn’t (be / not) too bad. And I didn’t know (know / not) anything about haggis then.9. A: When did you find out (you / find out) ?10. B: When I was (be) in Scotland in 2007. I went (go) to a restaurant and ordered

(order) haggis. Afterwards, the waiter told (tell) me about haggis: it's the heart, liver and lungs of a sheep, boiled in the animal's stomach. Well, I have never eaten (eat / never) haggis again since then.

Exercise 5

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1. A: (you / buy) the tickets for our journey yet?2. B: Yes, I (go) to the station yesterday and (buy) the tickets.3. A: What time (you / go) there?4. B: I (take) a friend to the station in the morning. His train (leave) at 9:45.5. A: (you / pack) your bags yet?6. B: Of course. And I (ask / already) my neighbour to empty my letter box. What about you?7. B: I (pack) my bags two days ago.

Exercise 6


1. Yesterday, my brother (come) home from school, (switch) on the TV and (watch) TV until dinner (be) ready.

2. Oh no, it's raining and I (leave) my umbrella at home.3. Look! There is so much food left. Nobody (eat) anything.4. Where (you / be) yesterday? - I (go) to the shopping centre and (buy) a new computer

game.5. Why don't you want to play football with us this weekend? - I (break) my leg.6. The road is closed. There (be) an accident.7. I (have) an accident when I (be) in Manchester last year.8. Come on, let's celebrate! Our team (win) the match.

Exercise 7


1. A: (you / play / already) the new computer game?2. B: No, not yet. I only (buy) it yesterday and I (have / not) the time yet.3. A: (you / go) to the cinema last night?4. B: Yes. I (be) there with Sue and Louis. (you / be) to the cinema recently?5. A: I last (go) to the cinema two weeks ago.6. B: So you (see / not) the new action film yet.7. A: No, unfortunately not. (you / enjoy) it?8. B: Oh, I really (love) it. But Sue (like / not) it - too much action!9. A: But why (you / take) her with you? She (tell) me last week that she (hate) action films.10. B: I think she has an eye on Louis. She (try) to flirt with him all the time. So he (can /

concentrate / not) on the film.

Exercise 8


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1. I (just / finish) my homework.2. Mary (already / write) five letters.3. Tom (move) to this town in 1994.4. My friend (be) in Canada two years ago.5. I (not / be) to Canada so far.6. But I (already / travel) to London a couple of times.7. Last week, Mary and Paul (go) to the cinema.8. I can't take any pictures because I (not / buy) a new film yet.9. (they / spend) their holiday in New Zealand last summer?10. (you / ever / see) a whale?

The Grand Canyon is one of the most spectacular natural features on earth. It is listed as one of the Seven Natural Wonders and became a United States national park in 1919. The park covers an area of nearly 5,000 km².Carved by the Colorado River, the Grand Canyon slices deep into the Colorado Plateau and forms one of the most scenic landscapes in the world. Up to 1963, when the Glen Canyon Dam was built, the Colorado river moved 143 million tons of stones each year.

11.

Simple Past / Present Perfect

We use the simple past for situations or actions in the past (often a time expression in the past indicates that we must use simple past). We use the present perfect if there is a connection with the present.

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Exercise

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Put the verbs into the correct form (simple past or present perfect).

1. My friends (visit) the Grand Canyon National Park last year.2. I (be / never) to the Grand Canyon National Park.3. But I (see) lots of wonderful pictures.4. And yesterday I (buy) a book about the Grand Canyon.5. I (read) 30 pages already. It's really interesting.

Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland. It has a beautiful old city centre and a castle that lies on a hill above the city. In the castle you can see the statues of two Scottish heroes: Robert Bruce and William Wallace (known from the film Braveheart).

Several famous people were born in Edinburgh, for example Alexander Graham Bell (who invented the telephone), Tony Blair (Prime Minister) and Arthur Conan Doyle (who wrote the Sherlock Holmes stories). By the way, J. K. Rowling wrote her first Harry Potter book in an Edinburgh coffee-shop.

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Grammar Exercise on the Text

Write the verbs in the correct tense (Simple Past or Present Perfect).

1. My friend (be) to Edinburgh three times.2. Some years ago he (study) English there.3. Last month he (visit) some friends in Edinburgh.

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4. Unfortunately, I (can / not) go to Edinburgh with him.5. This is a pity. They are my friends, too, and I (see / not) them for ages.

Positive Sentences


1. Mary (win) the lottery last year.2. We (prepare / already) dinner.3. James (find) your ring in the garden yesterday.4. He (come / just) home.5. They (buy) their car two years ago.

Negative Sentences


1. I (see / not) anyone yet.2. Phil (go / not) to the cinema last night.3. We (be / not) to the zoo so far.4. She (arrive / not) yet.5. Emily (visit / not) me last week.

Questions


1. (you / read) the book yet?2. How many letters (they / write) so far?3. When (he / tell) you that?4. (you / be) at home last night?5. How often (you / travel) abroad till now?

Text


1. A: (you / taste / ever) sushi?2. B: Yes, I (eat) sushi at least five times so far.3. A: When (you / eat) sushi for the first time?4. B: I (eat) sushi for the first time on my dad's 50th birthday. He (invite) the whole family to a

Japanese restaurant.5. A: (you / like) it?

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6. B: Absolutely. In fact, it (be) so good that we (be) to that restaurant three times yet. And on my mum's birthday, we (order) some sushi and (have) it at home.

Positive Sentences


1. William (tidy / already) up his room.2. Caroline (miss) the schoolbus yesterday.3. I (finish / just) my homework.4. I cannot go out tonight. My grandparents (come) to see us.5. In 2004, the Olympic Summer Games (take) place in Athens.

Negative Sentences


1. We (watch / not) TV last night.2. Joanna (read / not) the book yet.3. Collin (not / go) on holiday last year.4. I (have / not) any problems so far.5. They (learn / not) the new words yet.

Questions


1. (they / be / ever) to New York?2. (you / see) Catherine a minute ago?3. What time (you / get) up today?4. (he / hear) the news yet?5. How often (you / play) that game up to now?

Text


1. A: I (see / not) you for a long time. Where (you / be) ?2. B: I (come / just) back from Canada.3. A: Oh really? What (you / do) in Canada?4. B: I (take) a nature tour.5. A: Wow! (you / see) many wild animals there?6. B: Of course. I (watch) bears, wolves and whales in the wild. That (be) so

interesting. (you / spend / ever) a holiday in Canada?7. A: Yes, I (travel) around Canada twice so far.

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8. B: When (you / go) there?9. A: The first time I (go) there (be) in 1997 and the second time in 2004.10. B: (you / enjoy) it?11. A: I absolutely (love) it, especially the west coast.

Positive Sentences


1. He (leave / just) his house.2. We (build) a tree house last week.3. Two years ago, Fiona (break) her leg.4. I (wash / already) the dishes.5. The other day, our cat (bring) home a mouse.

Negative Sentences


1. We (empty / not) the bin last week.2. She (be / not) there an hour ago.3. He (lose / not) any game so far.4. My brother (pick / not) me up at 8 o'clock.5. I (make / not) up my mind yet.

Questions


1. (you / see) Bob recently?2. Who (switch) off the lights a minute ago?3. When (she / become) a teacher?4. (you / ride / ever) an elephant?5. (you / hurt) your knee when you were playing football?

Text


1. Last week I (be) very busy and I (have not) the time to do a lot in the household.2. On Monday I (work) three hours overtime and (come) home very late in the evening.3. From Tuesday to Thursday I (be) on a business trip.4. On Friday I (go) to a friend's birthday party and at the weekend I (visit) my grandparents.

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5. Tomorrow some friends are coming over. I (see / not) them for ages and they (be / never) at my place before.

6. I (clean / just) my house so I can show them around. Now everything is perfect.

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