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The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) Recipient Families in Mabinay

A Research PaperPresented to the Faculty

Of NORSU Mabinay Campus

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Res 142 (Introduction to Research)

Aboy, Arlyn M.Abueva, Bill R.Cadalzo, Earl C.

October 2012

Selected Socio-Demographic Profile of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) Recipient Families in Mabinay By: AM Aboy, BR Abueva, EC Cadalzo

The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program(4Ps) Recipient Families in Mabinay

RATIONALE

According to 2006 Annual Poverty Statistics of the National

Statistical Coordination Board, 27.9 Million Filipinos or one-third (1/3) of

the entire population are poor. To address this problem the Department

of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) together implemented a

Conditional Cash Transfer Program known as Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program (4Ps) inspired by the successes of similar programs in Latin

America countries such as Bolsa Familia in Brazil, Families en Accion in

Colombia and OPORTUNIDADES in Mexico (Santiago, 2010).

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is a poverty reduction

strategy that provides grants to extremely poor households to improve

their health, nutrition, and education particularly of children aged 0-14. It

addresses structural inequities in society and promotes human capital

development of the poor, thus, breaking the intergenerational cycle of

poverty. The conditions attached to the grants require parents to

undergo trainings on responsible parenthood, have their children

undergo health check-ups and ensure school attendance. The program


ensures that there is sufficient resource for the health, nutrition and

education of children aged 0-14 year old (Santiago, 2010).

In order to be an eligible household the family has at least one (1)

0-14 year of child and or a pregnant women at the time of registration;

the household has suffered chronic poverty and falls within the priority

ranking as determined by the National Household Targeting System

(NHTS) of the DSWD (Santiago, 2010).

The researchers are interested to look into the profile of the

respondents of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) recipient

families and to know how has the program helped/ improved the lives of

the recipients.

THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK


Culture of Poverty Theory

(Lewis, 1959)

John Rawl’s Theory of Justice

(Rawls, 1971: pp. 302-303)

Classical Theory and Poverty

(Locke, 1689)

Social Formation Theory

(T.H. Green, 1881)

Progressive Social Theory(Rank, Yoon and Hirschl,

2003)

Culture of Poverty Theory. That poverty once started, will continue unless

there is an outside intervention. According to Oscar Lewis the subculture

[of the poor] develops mechanisms that tend to perpetuate it, especially

of what happens to the world view, aspirations, and character of the

children who grows up in it (Moynihan, 1969 p.199). Lewis again said that

culture poverty is a set of beliefs and values passed from generation to

generation. He writes, once the culture of poverty has come into

existence it tends to perpetuate itself. By the time slum children are six

or seven they have usually absorbed the basic attitudes and values of

their subculture. Thereafter they are psychologically unready to take full

advantage of changing conditions or improving opportunities, that may

develop in their lifetime (Scientific American, October 1966 quoted in

Ryan, 1976: 120).

Classical Theory and Poverty. John Locke admitted a public

responsibility to support the poor, example, “gives every man a title to so

much out of another’s plenty, as will keep him from extream want, where

he has no means to subsist otherwise” (Locke, 1689).


Social Formation Theory. Society has an obligation to give people,

not only freedom but a positive power or capacity of doing or enjoying

something worth doing or enjoying. Ordinary people had to be equipped

to participate in the modern world (T.H. Green, 1881)

John Rawl’s Theory of Justice. All social primary goods – liberty and

opportunity, income and wealth, and the bases of self-respect are to be

distributed equally (Rawls, 1971 pp. 302-303)

Progressive Social Theory. Look not to the individual as a source of

poverty, but to the economic, political, and social system which causes

people to have limited opportunities and resources with which to achieve

income and well being (Rank, Yoon and Hirschl, 2003)

All these theories support one another, the Culture of Poverty

Theory, Oscar Lewis, which is the base of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program (4Ps) is supported by the Classical Theory and Poverty, the

Social Formation Theory, John Rawl’s Theory of Justice, Progressive Social

Theory. The Classical Theory and Poverty states that the government has

a responsibility to support the poor. The Social Formation Theory claims

that society has an obligation to give people comfort in life. John Rawl’s

Theory of Justice even though it is about justice but there is one portion

of this theory that talks about the poor; income and wealth are to be

distributed equally, the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program gives


opportunity to the impoverish people equality in life that is to break the

intergenerational cycle of poverty. and the Social Formation Theory focus

on the limited resources that makes a man poor.

These theories points out that government have a special role to

stop poverty. Poverty has been passed from one generation to the next,

unless there is someone who will pull them from the grip of destitution,

they will stay on that position.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Many countries including the Philippines adopted the Conditional

Cash Transfer Program (CCT). There are many studies that The

Conditional Cash transfer Program, in which the Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program is patterned, has a positive effect on poverty. Some of

its findings are stated below.

The estimated given by Orbeta shows that each additional child

reduces the proportion of school-age children attending school. The

average effect for the children 6-24 years old is a 19% decline per

additional child or almost one in every five children. Estimates decline or

almost one in four, while for the richest quintile this is a 16% decline or

around 4 in 25 per additional child. The results of the study have

important implications for policy poverty alleviation efforts that address


only the current needs of the poor may consign the next generation from

poor and large households into poverty. Each additional child, are driving

more school-age children out of school, pushes the succeeding

generation also into poverty. Thus, they need targeted education

subsidies for large households (Orbeta, 2005)

In the February 2010 evaluation among 760 beneficiaries in the

Northern Samar of the 4Ps program showed big improvements in school

attendance and use of health services such as immunization, nutrition

and maternal health services. Out of five million children registered in

the program 62 percent 1-2 years old received full immunization and

children 6-14 years received deworming pills. Enrollment rate for

beneficiaries 6-14 years old is high at 96 percent (Soliman, 2010).

Study showed outside the National Capital Region (NCR) and of the

ARMM where 4Ps was implemented, the study found that growth rate of

the number of the students in public elementary schools went up from

0.6 percent in 2004 to 2007 to 3.5 percent in 2008 to 2010. The gross

enrollment rate in public elementary schools increased from 104.5 in

2007 to 108.8 in 2010. In addition, the number of students in public

secondary schools showed increase from -0.5 percent in 2004 to 2007 to

3.2 in 2008 to 2010 (Manasan, 2010).


These finding of Orbeta, Soliman, and Manasan showed a good

effect on education and health for the poor. Orbeta pictured out the

decline in school-age children attending school. Soliman’s evaluation

opened the improvements in school and health. And Manasan gave an

increase in the number of elementary and secondary students. This

proves that the Conditional Cash Transfer has a big helped to the less

fortunate.

Conditional Cash Transfer in Brazil (CCT) point out that in 2007

research there is a 4.6 percent decline in poverty and inequality from

2001 (0.594) to 2005 (0.566). This is the highest decline of poverty and

inequality in last 30 years in Brazil. Another study in 2007, found out that

from 2001 to 2005 the annual Brazilian income grew just 0.9%. However,

the poor population was the most benefited with this growth. During the

same period, the annual growth rate of the income of the 10% and 20%

of the richest Brazilian population was negative (-0.3% and -0.1%), while

the annual growth rate of the income of the 10% poorest population was

of 8% a year (Barros et al, 2007). Another source found out that

inequality and poverty dropped from 0.547 in 2004 to 0.543 in 2005 and

0.540 in 2006 (A Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios (PNAD),

2006).


Brazil’s Bolsa Escola Program (a predecessor to Bolsa Familia)

significantly increased the number of children in school and decreased

the number of those that were working. Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT)

could increase total educational attainment and reduce repetition rates

(Ferreira and Leite, 2003).

A study in Ecuador, CCT programs have a positive effect on

education and health outcomes. Favorable education outcomes were

drawn mostly from the experience of Progresa as evaluated by the

International Food and Policy Research Institute. The evaluation of

Progresa showed that there was a significant increase in the enrolment of

boys and girls particularly the latter. The program also increased

enrollment in secondary schools by 6 and 9 percentage points for boys

and girls, respectively. For girls, who often dropped out before the

secondary school, the transition rate to secondary school rose by 15

percentage points. CCT programs have also had significant impacts on

health and nutrition for both adults and children. Children receiving

Progresa have a 12% lower incidence of illness, and adults reported a

19% decrease in sick or disability days. In Honduras, utilization of health

services among young girls increased by 15-21 percentage points

(Schady and Araujo, 2006).


In Mexico, Progresa evaluators have found an increase in dietary

quality and calorie consumption. After controlling for the income effect

associated with increased calorie consumption, the increase in

consumption of more diverse, high nutritional quality foods such as fruits,

vegetables and animal products indicates a possible effect of the

nutritional education provided through health education (Hoddinott et al.,

2000). The increased in knowledge of family planning methods in both

urban and rural areas and higher use of modern family planning methods

in rural areas among program beneficiaries has been initiated (Prado et

al., 2004). Income transfers are given to mothers under the explicit

assumption that women are effective agents of social change, given that

they are found to be more committed to the well-being of their children

than men. And the size of the educational grant for girls increases with

school progression (this is with the explicit objective of providing

incentives to keep girls at schools to reduce gender inequalities at

secondary and high education (Dwyer and Bruce, 1988, Gomez-

Hermosillo, 2005). Furthermore, and IFPRI evaluation in 2000 looked at

the impact of Progresa on community relationships and found evidence

that women participating in Progresa’s activities such as health talks and

collecting benefits had developed new forms of social capital (Adato,

2000). Oportunidades evaluations show that the programmed has

increased women’s autonomy (Cruz et al., 2006).


Evaluation studies of Mexico’s Progres-Oportunidades find that

children exposed to the programmed gained one centimeter in height for

age. The gain was 0.65cm six years after the start of the programmed

(Neufeld et al., 2005). This result implies that children who are

beneficiaries of the program achieved good nutrition. Nutrition plays a

central role in enhancing human development. A well balanced diet is the

foundation for healthy living and a central input for labor productivity.

Good nutrition is important for young children, as critical cognitive take

place at an early age (Alderman et al., 2006). Weight for age provides

insights into the short-term impact of improved nutrition, whereas height

for age provides information on the long-term effects of improved

nutrition. Height for age is particularly informative as regards the long-

term impact of social transfers, as studies have consistently found that

height deficits originated in early life are associated with limited

cognitive development (Hoddinott and Kinsey, 2001), and low future

earning capacity (Thomas and Strauss, 1997).

In Bangladesh, the Female Secondary School Assistance Program

(FSSAP) was part of a strategy to close then significant gender gap in

education. Doing so was seen as an important policy objective: in 1981 ,

the female literacy rate (approximately 13 percent) was about half the

literacy rate among men (26 percent). As a result, a series of stipend and

tuition waiver programs was made available to girls as long as they


attended school regularly, made passing grades, and remained

unmarried. In addition, the Food for Education (FFE) program was

initiated in 1995 (which was converted to Conditional Cash Transfer in

2002) to provide in-kind food transfers to poor households as long as

they sent their children to primary school (Ravillion and Wodon, 2000).

These successes of Conditional Cash Transfer Program from similar

program outside the country tell that the program has a profound effect

on the decline of poverty and inequality between men and women,

education, and health.

RESEARCH FLOW


1. What is the profile of the respondents of the 4P’s recipient families based on: 1.1. Age and gender 1.2. Educational attainment 1.3. Employment status 1.4. Marital status?

Action Plan

THE PROBLEM

Statement of the Problem

General


1. What is the profile of the respondents of the 4P’s recipient families based on: 1.1. Age and gender 1.2. Educational attainment 1.3. Employment status 1.4. Marital status?

Quantitative,

Positivistic Methodolo-gies,

Survey,

Interview Guide

What is the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) in Mabinay,

NegrosOriental.

Specific

1. What is the profile of the respondents of the 4P’s recipient families based on:

1.1. Age and Gender

1.2. Educational Attainment

1.3. Employment Status

1.4. Marital Status?

2. How has the program help/ improve the lives of the recipients in terms of:

2.1. Economic Aspect

2.2. Education Aspect

2.3. Health Aspect

2.4. Equality of men and women?

Scoped and Limitation

For a household to qualify as beneficiary they must be within the

municipality or city identified as area of implementation. The household

has at least one (1) 0-14 year old child and/or a pregnant woman at the


time of registration. The household suffers from chronic poverty and falls

within the priority ranking as determined by the National Household

Targeting System (NHTS) of the DSWD which involves rigorous household

assessment and application of a Proxy Means Test, a tool used to

estimate the income of household on the basis proxy variables including

of household composition, education, socio-economic characteristic,

housing conditions, access to basic services, assets, tenure status and

regional variables (Santiago, 2010).

The selection of target areas, priority is given to the poorest

municipalities as determined by Small Area Estimates generated by the

National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB). Priority shall also be given

to cities with large pockets of poverty as reported by the National Anti-

Poverty Commission (NAPC) and/or the Presidential Commission on Urban

Poor (PCUP) and or National Census and Statistical Coordination Board

(NSCB) (Santiago, 2010).

The conditions of the program are: children 3-5 years of age must

enroll in day care program or pre-school and attend at least eighty five

percent (85%) of the required school days; children 6-14 years of age

must be enroll in school and attend at least eighty five percent (85%) of

the required school days. They must also undergo deworming at least

twice a year; children 0-5 years of age must get regular preventive


health check-ups and vaccines based on the Department of Health (DOH)

protocol; pregnant women must get at least (3) pre-natal check-up

starting from the first trimester, get post natal care and the childbirth

must be attended by a skilled/trained health personnel;

parents/guardians must attend and complete responsible parenthood

seminars and parenting education sessions (Santiago, 2010).

Significance of the Study

Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD).

Through this study, DSWD of Mabinay, Negros Oriental would have

broadened their knowledge about the situation of the 4Ps recipients.

They may be able to know how the 4Ps runs and if the implementation

was effective. Furthermore, they may also give full attention to the

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) recipient families and allocate

higher budget for them to improve their way of living.

Department of Health (DOH). Through this study, DOH of

Mabinay, Negros Oriental will be aware about the health conditions of the

4Ps recipients. This can furnish an idea to the government to open

another program which could benefit the 4Ps recipients in ensuring

quality health care. This will also serve as information for the DOH to

improve their health care programs and give full attention to the 4Ps


recipient families by giving them free medical check-ups and free

medicines.

Local Government Unit of Mabinay (LGU). They will know and

understand the situation of the 4Ps recipient families and promote the

program. They may also make other programs to help minimize poverty

in the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) recipients of the

locality.

Department of Education (DepEd). This study may serve as the

baseline information of the Department of Education by improving their

school programs in order to cater the special needs of the poor families

of the locality. Community. The results of this research will also

benefit the residents of Mabinay for them to be able to assess the true

situation of the 4Ps recipients. They will also be aware that Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is existing and they will able to

understand how 4Ps runs and implemented.

Future Researchers. This study will be very useful to the future

researchers for it may serve as their reference for their research. Aside

from that, this study may be a key to have other researches to broaden

the topic.


METHODOLOGY

Research Design:

This study utilized a quantitative approach on interview guide

under positivistic methodologies to gather data necessary to answer the

selected socio-demographic profile of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program (4P’s) recipient families in Barangay Poblacion, Mabinay, Negros

Oriental.

Research Environment:


The study will be conducted in different zone’s of Brgy. Poblacion,

Mabinay, Negros Oriental namely; zone 1, zone 2, zone 3, zone 4, zone 5,

zone 6, and zone 7.

Research Respondents:

The respondents of the study included 94 recipients families

in barangay Poblacion Mabinay who have met the following

qualifications; (1) They must be residing in one of the poorest Barangay;

(2) are living below poverty threshold; (3) have a pregnant woman or

children fourteen years old and below; and lastly (4) they must be willing

to answer the questions. The research not only focusing on the

beneficiaries alone but also the members of the family who are not 4ps

beneficiaries; the total number of family members including the

beneficiaries and not beneficiaries is 563

Research Intrument:

The interview guide is the primary tool of the study. The first part

presents the profile of the respondents of the 4P’s recipient families

based on – age, gender, educational attainment, marital status and the

second part is on how the program helped/ improved the lives of the


recipients in terms of: economic aspect, educational aspect, health

aspect, and on the equality of men and women

Data Gathering Procedure

A letter of transmittal will be secured with the approval of the

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program office in Mabinay and in the Region

7. And a letters signed by the recipients indicating that they are willing to

be interviewed.

Statistical Treatment of Data:

Out of 105 accepted sample of the study only 94 or 89.52

percent answer the interview schedule with complete data. The

retrieved questionnaires were sorted out, and data were collated

and tabulated for statistical analysis.

The research used two statistical treatment; frequency

distribution and weighted mean

1. Frequency Distribution – in the first part of the problem

the research used frequency distribution.


Percentage - the simple percentage was utilized to analyze

the profile of the recipient.

Formula

%= f/N (100)

Where

f= frequency of an item

N= population

The research used an indicator or dummy variables. These

are the dummy variables.

A. Gender of the family member

Quantitator rating Gender

1 Male

0 Female

B.Educational Attainment of the Member

Quantitator rating Educational

Attainment


0 No Qualification

1 Elementary Grade

level

2 Elementary Graduate

3 High School Year level

4 High School Graduate

5 College Level

6 College Graduate

7 Day Care

8 Pre-School

C. Employment Status of the family members

Quantitator Rating Employment Status

0 Unemployed

1 Self-Employed

2 Regular/ Permanent

(Underemployed)

3 Casual

(Underemployed)


4 Contractual

(Underemployed)

5 Regular/Permanent

(Employed)

6 Casual

(Employed)

7 Contractual

(Employed)

D. Marital Status of the member

Quantitator Rating Marital Status

0 Single

1 Married

2 Remarried

3 Separated

4 Widowed


2. Weighted Mean – the research used weighted mean on the second

part of the problem

Formula

w1x1 + w2x2 + …… + wnxn

X= w1 + w2 + ……. wn

Where

X = weighted Meanw = the straight averagex = number of recipient

The interpretation of the weighted mean shown below:

Quantitative Rating Ranges of Weighted Mean Verbal Assumption

2 1.6 - 2 It Help1 1-1.5 Not Helping


The research study used indicator in the second part of the

problem that is on how the program help/ improve the lives of recipients.

It used Yes if the program help them and No if it did not help the

beneficiaries.

A. Economic Aspect

a.1. Buying of Rice (2-3 times a day)

2 Yes

1 No

a.2. Buying of Viand (2-3 times a day)

2 Yes

1 No

a.3. Clothing

2 Yes

1 No

a.4. Other Necessities (shampoo, toothpaste, soap, and etc.)

2 Yes

1 No


B. Educational Aspect

b.1. Parents involvement in educational lectures

b.1.1. Responsible Parenthood lectures

2 Yes

1 No

b.1.2. Health Related Lectures

2 Yes

1 No

b.1.3. Budgetary Accounting Lectures

2 Yes

1 No

b.1.4. Livelihood Lectures

2 Yes

1 No

b.2. Children (Formal Schooling)


b.2.1 School Uniform

2 Yes

1 No

b.2.2. School Supplies

2 Yes

1 No

b.2.3. School Fees

2 Yes

1 No

C. Health Aspect

c.1. Preventive Health Check-ups

2 Yes

1 No

c.2. Vaccines


2

Yes

1 No

c.3. Deworming

2 Yes

1 No

D. Equality of men and women

2 Yes

1 No

CHAPTER 2

This chapter presents, interprets, and discusses the data gathered

regarding on the profile of the respondents from the 4ps recipient

families (based on age, gender, educational attainment, marital status,

and employment status.) and also the data gathered pertains on how had


the program helped/improved the lives of the recipients in terms of

economic aspects, educational aspects, health aspects, and equality of

men and women.

TABLE 1AGE AND GENDER COMPOSITION OF THE FAMILY MEMBERS

AGE FRE % MALE FEMALE

FRE % FRE %

0-10 170 0.302 85 0.308 85 0.296

11-20 164 0.291 81 0.293 83 0.289

21-30 61 0.108 21 0.076 40 0.139

31-40 65 0.115 33 0.120 32 0.112

41-50 70 0.124 33 0.120 37 0.129

51-60 24 0.043 17 0.062 7 0.024

61-70 6 0.011 3 0.011 3 0.010

71-80 3 0.005 3 0.011 0 0


TOTAL 563 1.00 276 1.00 287 1.00

Table 1 discuss that of 563 respondents, 170 or 0.0302 percent

under the cluster of 0-10 age of respondents and 164 or 0.291 percent

fell under the bracket of 11-20 age of respondents. 61 or 0.108 percent

were respondents ages 21-30 and 65 or 0.115 percent expressed under

the cluster of 31-40 age of respondents. 70 or 0.124 percent tumble

under the bracket of 41-50 age of respondents and 24 or 0.043 percent

were respondents ages 51-60. 6 or 0.011 percent expressed under the

cluster age of 61-70 and there were only 3 or 0.005 percent respondents

fell under the bracket age of 71-80.

It also presents the gender of respondents. That out of 563

respondents, there were 276 male, and 287 female respondents.

Wherein, of 276 male respondents, 85 or 0.308 percent were male

respondent’s ages 0-10 and 81 or 0.293 percent male respondents ages

11-20. 21 or 0.076 percent were male respondents was in the bracket

age of 21-30 and 33 or 0.120 percent expressed under the cluster age of

31-40 and 41-50 male respondents. 17 or 0.62 percent were male

respondents expressed under the cluster age of 51-60 and 3 or 0.011

percent were male respondents ground under the bracket age of 61-70

and 71-80.


That out of 287 female respondents, 85 or 296 percent female

respondents expressed under the cluster age of 0-10 and 83 or 0.289

percent female respondents ground under the bracket age of 11-20. 40

or 0.139 percent were female respondents ages 21-30 and 32 or 0.112

percent were female respondents expressed under the cluster age of 31-

40. 37 or 0.129 percent were female respondents are in the row of ages

41-50 and 7 or 0.024 percent were female respondents ages 51-60.

There were only 3 or 0.010 percent female respondents expressed in the

category age of 61-70 and there were no female respondents ground

under the category age of 71-80.

This means that there were more 4ps recipients/beneficiaries in the

group of 0-10 and 11-20; because families that can avail the privileges

must had children ages 0-14, furthermore at the age of 11-20 are

children who are 4ps/not 4ps beneficiaries. And there were more female

respondents than male respondents.

TABLE 2EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF THE FAMILY

Educational

attainment

Fre Per Father Mother Children 4Ps

benificiaries

Children not

4Ps ben.

Fre % Fre % Fre % Fre %


No qua-Lification

42 0.075

2 0.022

1 0.011

2 0.010

37 0.213

Day care 21 0.037

0 0 0 0 21 0.100

0 0

Pre-school

10 0.018

0 0 0 0 10 0.048

0 0

Elem. Grade level

282 0.501

49 0.551

38 0.418

156 0.746

39 0.224

Elem.Graduate

20 0.036

9 0.101

5 0.055

0 0 6 0.034

High Sch. level

110 0.195

19 0.213

24 0.264

20 0.096

47 0.270

HighGraduate

46 0.082

7 0.079

19 0.209

0 0 20 0.115

CollegeLevel

30 0.053

3 0.034

2 0.022

0 0 25 0.144

College graduate

2 0.004

0 0 2 0.022

0 0 0 0

Total 563 1.00 89 1.00 91 1.00 209 1.00 174 1.00

This table presented that the overall 563, it had 42 or 0.075

percent, 21 or 0.37 percent, 10 or 0.18 percent, 282 or 0.501 percent, 20

or 0.036 percent, 110 or 0.195 percent, 46 or 0.082 percent, 30 or 0.053

percent, and 2 or 0.004 percent no qualification, Day Care, Pre- School,

Elementary Grade Level, Elementary Graduate, High School Year Level,

High School Graduate, College Level, and College Graduate.

The table had 89 and 91, 209, 174, father and mother respondents,

children 4ps beneficiaries, and children not 4ps beneficiaries.


In the 89 father respondents it had 2 or 0.022 percent no

qualification; 49 or 0.551 percent Elementary Grade Level; 9 or 0.101

percent Elementary Graduate; 19 or 0.213 percent High School Year

Level; 7 or 0.079 percent High School Graduate; 3 or 0.034 percent

College Level; and 0 percent College Graduate.

In the 90 mother respondents it had only 1 or 0.011 percent no

qualification, 38 or 0.418 percent Elementary Grade Level; 5 or 0.055

percent Elementary Graduate; 24 or 0.264 High School Year Level; 19 or

0.209 percent High School Graduate; 2 or 0.022 College Level; and 2 or

0.022 College Graduate.

In the 209 children 4ps beneficiaries it had 2 or 0.010 percent no

qualification; 21 or 0.100 percent Day Care; 10 or 0.048 percent Pre-

School; 156 or 0.746 Elementary Grade Level; 20 or 0.096 percent High

School Year Level.

In the 175 children not 4ps beneficiaries it had 37 or 0.213 percent

no qualification; 39 or 0.224 percent Elementary Grade Level; 6 or 0.034

percent Elementary Graduate; 47 or 0.270 percent High School Year

Level; 20 or 0.115 percent High School Graduate; and 25 or 0.144

percent College Level.


This table implies that most parents were Elementary grade level

at 0.551 percent father respondents and 0. 418 percent mother

respondents. There were only 0.034 percent father respondents and

0.022 percent mother respondents who went into college because of this

record their children who not members of 4ps are mostly falls in no

educational qualification at 0.213 percent, Elementary grade level

(School-age children) at 0.224 percent, and High school graduate at

0.115 percent. Only few reached college at 0.144 percent and no one

graduated college. And most of their children who are 4ps beneficiaries

are school-age children that most are elementary grade level (0.746

percent) and only few are in high school year level (0.096 percent).

Instead reaching high School at an earlier age they are still in elementary

because of lack of financial assistance (their parents said that without

the 4ps they should have stopped right now; they are inspired to go back

school because of the program).

TABLE 3EMPLOYMENT STATUS


Emp.Status

Fre % Regular Casual Cont-ractual

Father Mother Chil.4Ps ben.

Chil. not4ps ben.

Fre

% Fre

% Fre

% Fre

% Fre

% Fre % Fre %

Employed

90 .160

4 .044

1 .011

85 .944

36 .409

9 .098

45 .259

UnderEmploye

d

2 .004

1 .500

1 .500

0 2 .022

Un-employe

d

397

.705

9 .102

56 .609

209

1 123

.707

Self-employe

d

74 .131

43 .489

25 .272

6 .034

Total 563

1.0 88 1.0 92 1.0 209

1.0

174

1.0

It was imbedded in the table above that out of 563 respondents,

there were 88 father respondents, 92 mother respondents, 209 children

4ps beneficiaries, and 174 children not 4ps beneficiaries. And out of 563

there were 90 respondents employed, 2 respondents underemployed,

374 unemployed, and 74 self employed.

In the 90 respondents employed there were 0.044 regular, 0.011

casual, and 0.944 contractual. And in the 2 respondents underemployed

there were 0.500 percent regular, 0 percent casual, and 0.500

contractual.

The 88 father respondents there were 0.409 percent employed, 0

percent underemployed, 0.102 percent unemployed, and 0.489 self-

employed.


The 92 mother respondents there were 0.098 percent employed,

0.022 underemployed, 0.609 percent unemployed, and 0.272 percent

self-employed.

The 209 children 4ps beneficiaries it has 1.00 percent unemployed

because they are still studying.

And the 174 children not 4ps beneficiary there were 0.259 percent

employed, 0 percent underemployed, 0.707 unemployed, and 0.034 self-

employed.

The interpretation means that in the overall frequency computation

un-employed at 0.705 percent ranks first because children who are 4ps

beneficiaries are unemployed, they are still studying (out of 209 children

beneficiaries it has 1.0 percent unemployed). Most mothers have no job

they only stay in the house and cared for the children. (out of 92 mother

respondents it has 0.609 percent unemployed); most children who not

4ps beneficiaries is either studying or they live with their parents without

work (out of 174 children not 4ps beneficiaries recipients it has 0.707

percent unemployed); and there are also some fathers who don’t have

work, it has their wife who do the working (out of 88 father respondents it

has 0.102 percent unemployed).


It means that children who are 4ps beneficiaries are not working

unlike the traditional way that parents let their children work every

weekend for their allowance and for food. The employed ranks second

because it has important for a fathers to have a job (out of 88 father

respondents it has 0.409 percent employed); there are also mothers who

are working (out of 92 mothers respondents it has 0.098 percent

employed); and some of their children help them in their livelihood, they

work outside town (out of 174 children not 4ps beneficiaries it has 0.259

percent employed). But because these respondents lacks of qualification

they only reached elementary grade level or high school year level only

few reached college. Most of them are employed under contractual (out

of 90 respondents employed, it has 0.944 percent contractual)

The self-employed ranks third, the lack of qualification drives

fathers and mothers go into self employed (out of 88 father respondents

it has 0.489 percent self employed and out of 92 mother respondents it

has .272 percent self employed) most of them involved in the small

farming, backyard, hug raising, and tricycle driving.

The fourth is underemployed, only few graduated college (out of

563 it has 2 college graduate or .004 percent). Only few also who are in

this status, (out of 88 father, it has 0 percent underemployed, out of 92

mother respondents it has 0.022 percent underemployed, and both


children who are not 4ps beneficiaries have zero percent

underemployed).

TABLE 4

MARITALSTATUS

FRE % FATHER MOTHER CHILDREN4PS BEN.

CHILDREN NOT4PS BEN

FRE % FRE % FRE % FRE %SINGLE 347 0.664 3 0.033 209 1 162 0.926

MARRIED 181 0.321 85 0.955 83 0.922 13 0.074REMARRIED 2 0.004 1 0.011 1 0.011SEPARATED/DIVORCED

2 0.004 0 0 2 0.022

WEDOWED 4 0.007 3 0.034 1 0.011TOTAL 563 1.00 89 1.00 90 1.00 209 1.00 175 1.00

MARITAL STATUS OF FAMILY MEMBERS

Table 4 represents the marital status of each family member. Out

of 563 respondents there were 374 single, 181 married, 2 remarried, 2

separated, and 4 widowed. And for the overall total of 563 respondents

there were 89 fathers, 90 mothers, 209 children 4ps beneficiaries, and

175 children not 4ps beneficiaries.

In the 89 father respondents there were 0 percent single father,

0.955 married, 0.011 percent remarried, 0 percent separated, and 0.034


percent widowed.

In the 90 mother respondents there were 0.033 percent

single mom, 0.922 percent married, 0.011 percent remarried, 0.022

percent separated, and 0.011 percent widowed.

Their children that were 4ps beneficiaries are all single at 1

percent. And their children not 4ps beneficiaries at 175

respondents, .0926 percent single and 0.074 percent married.

The result of this table shows that children 4ps beneficiaries,

children not 4ps beneficiaries, and single mom got; 1 percent, 0.926

percent, and 0.033 percent single status. Because children 4ps

beneficiaries are still studying and all of them are young children ages 0-

14. For the children not 4ps beneficiaries mostly of them also are still

studying or sons/daughters living in their parents’ home, not yet married.

And for the single mom they got pregnant at a young age.

Mother and father respondents took the highest rank at 0.922

percent and 0.955 percent in the married rows and columns. And there

were also 0.074 percent married children not 4ps beneficiaries.

There were only 0.011 and 0.011 percent remarried father and

mother respondents. Because most couples are young (ages 20-40);


death and diseases are seldom at this age, and so remarried couple has

less percentage.

There is 0.022 percent separated. The rating of separated is less

because this is a Christian country, separated and divorced are not

allowed in this state. Most of Christian country especially in the

Philippines is giving big value on marriage.

In the case of the widowed there were 0.034 percent and 0.011

percent father and mother respondents; only few old couple respondents.

With their partners died of age and diseases.

TABLE 5

ECONOMIC ASPECT

ECONOMICASPECT

FREQUENCY WEIGHTED MEAN DESCRIPTION

YES NO SUM MEANBUYING OF RICE 95 0 190 2 IT HELP

BUYING OF VIAND

95 0 190 2 IT HELP

CLOTHING 87 8 182 1.92 IT HELPOTHER

NECESSITIES91 4 186 1.96 IT HELP


Table discusses how has the program help the lives of the

recipients in terms of economic aspect. In buying of rice and viand, the

respondents’ response that it help them at a perfect of 2 weighted mean.

Out of 95 respondents, 87 respondents said that the money that they get

from the program help them in buying of clothes/clothing and of 95

respondents, 8 respondents responses that the program doesn’t help

them in terms of buying of clothes. Out of 95 recipients, 91 responses

that the program helped them in terms of other necessities (like

shampoo, soap, toothpaste, etc.)

This means that the program really helps the recipient families in

terms of buying of rice and buying of viand. And in terms of clothing and

other necessities (like shampoo, soap, toothpaste, etc.), it mostly helps

the recipients families.

TABLE 6

PARENTS INVOLVEMENT IN EDUCATIONAL LECTURES


The table above scripted that 4ps educational lectures helped the

beneficiaries improved their lives.

In the lectures of Responsible Parenthood, Health Related lectures,

budgetary accounting, and livelihood, there were 90, 94, 91, and 31

respondents, who said that the seminars helped them and there were 5,

1, 4, and 64 respondents, who said it did not help them, this result had

corresponding weighted mean of 1.95, 1.98, 1.96, and 1.33. The

seminars on livelihood at 1.33 weighted mean did not help them.

Majority of the educational lectures helped the beneficiaries especially on

the responsible parenthood lectures, health related lectures, and

budgetary accounting lectures except for the livelihood lectures many

say it did not help. Seminars and lectures have a very big use for the

beneficiaries especially that most of them were only elementary

graduate and High School level.


EDUCATIONALLECTURES


YES NO SUM MEANRESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD

90 5 185 1.95 HELP

HEALTH RELATED LECTURES

94 1 189 1.98 HELP

BUDGETARY ACCOUNTING

91 4 186 1.96 HELP

LIVELIHOOD 31 64 126 1.33 NOT HELPING

TABLE 7

HOW DOES IT HELP IN THE FORMAL SCHOOLING

CHILDREN FORMALSCHOOLING


YES NO SUM MEAN

SCHOOL UNIFORM 207 0 414 2 IT HELP

SCHOOL SUPPLIES 207 0 414 2 IT HELP

SCHOOL FEES 207 0 414 2 IT HELP

Table explains, of 207 respondents, all of them responded that the

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4ps) helps their children in formal

schooling in terms of buying school uniform, school supplies and for

paying school fees, it had a weighted mean of 2.

This findings implies that upon receiving the money from the

program their most priority is within school expenses (buying school

uniform, school supplies, and for paying school fees) while other

expenses like allowances and projects is their less priority.

TABLE 8


HEALTH ASPECTS

HEATH ASPECT

PARENTS 4PS BEN

CHILDREN 4PS BEN

WEIGHTED MEAN DESCRIPTION

YES NO YES NO SUM MEAN SUM MEAN

PREVENTIVE HEALTH CH

69 26 168 41 164 1.73 377 1.80 IT HELP

VACCINES 203 6 412 1.97 IT HELP

DEWORMING 205 4 414 1.98 IT HELP

This table presented that in line of health the program helped the

beneficiaries of 69 mother respondents (weighted mean 1.73) in terms of

preventive health program said that the program has a big use for them.

When they got sick they will just go directly to the hospital for free check-

ups.

For children 203 and 205 respondents ( weighted mean of 1.97 and

1.98) said that vaccines and deworming have been helpful to them. It

can immunize body against diseases and preventive incoming diseases.

TABLE 9

EQUALITY OF MEN AND WOMEN


EQUALITY FREQUENCY WEIGHTED MEAN DESCRIPTION

YES NO SUM MEAN

EQUALITY OF MEN AND WOMEN

84 0 168 2 IT HELP

This table revealed the equality of men and women. 84 mother

respondents said that the program help in the equality of men and

women.

This table means that the program really helped to the mother

respondents. By the time the program was implemented, the case of

battered wives, men underestimating their wife, quarrel about financial

problem, some husband who abused their wife regarding that they don’t

have a work, and they were just staying at home. All of these cases had

been reduced through the help of 4ps. It is because the mother will be

the one receiving the money – the mother is responsible for raising the

kids and more close to the children compared to the father. And also

they have monthly seminars on how to defend women’s against any

abuses.


CHAPTER 3

SUMMARY

Table 1 means that there were more 4ps recipients/beneficiaries in

the group of 0-10 and 11-20; because families that can avail the

privileges must have children ages 0-14, furthermore at the age of 11-20

are children who are 4ps/not 4ps beneficiaries. And there were more

female respondents than male respondents (out of 563 respondents it

has 287 female and only 276 male).


Table 2 explains that most of the parents are elementary grade

level at 0.551 percent father and 0.418 percent mother respondents.

Only 0.034 percent and 0.022 percent father and mother respondents

went into college. Most of their children who are not 4ps beneficiaries

have no qualification (0.213 percent) and most of their children who are

4ps beneficiaries are school age children that most are elementary grade

level (0.745 Percent) and only few are in high school year level (0.096

percent).

Table 3 shows that children who are 4ps beneficiaries were not

working unlike the traditional way those parents let their children work

every weekend for their allowance and for food. The employed, ranks

second because it is important for a fathers to have a job (out of 88

father respondents it has 0.409 percent employed); there were also

mothers who are working (out of 92 mothers respondents it has 0.098

percent employed); and some of their children help them in their

livelihood, they work outside town (out of 174 children not 4ps

beneficiaries it has 0.259 percent employed). But because these

respondents lacks of qualification they only reached elementary grade

level or high school year level only few reached college. Most of them are

employed under contractual (out of 90 respondents employed, it has

0.944 percent contractual)


The self-employed ranks third, the lack of qualification drives

fathers and mothers go into self employed (out of 88 father respondents

it has 0.489 percent self employed and out of 92 mother respondents it

has .272 percent self employed) most of them involved in the small

farming, backyard, hug raising, and tricycle driving.

The fourth is underemployed, only few graduated college (out of

563 it has 2 college graduate or .004 percent). Only few also who were in

this status, (out of 88 father, it has 0 percent underemployed, out of 92

mother respondents it has 0.022 percent underemployed, and both

children who were not 4ps beneficiaries have zero percent

underemployed).

Table 4 expresses that children 4ps beneficiaries, children not 4ps

beneficiaries, and single mom got; 1 percent, 0.926 percent, and 0.033

percent single status. Because children 4ps beneficiaries are still

studying and all of them are young children ages 0-14. For the children

not 4ps beneficiaries mostly of them also are still studying or

sons/daughters living in their parents’ home, not yet married. And for the

single mom they got pregnant at a young age.

Mother and father respondents took the highest rank at 0.922

percent and 0.955 percent in the married rows and columns. And there

were also 0.074 percent married children not 4ps beneficiaries.


There were only 0.011 and 0.011 percent remarried father and

mother respondents. Because most couples are young (ages 20-40);

death and diseases are seldom at this age, and so remarried couple has

less percentage.

There is 0.022 percent separated. The rating of separated is less

because this is a Christian country, separated and divorced are not

allowed in this state. Most of Christian country especially in the

Philippines is giving big value on marriage.

In the case of the widowed there are 0.034 percent and 0.011

percent father and mother respondents; only few old couple respondents.

With their partners died of age and diseases.

Table 5 discusses how has the program help the lives of the

recipients in terms of economic aspect. In buying of rice and viand, the

respondents’ response that it help them at a perfect of 2 weighted mean.

Out of 95 respondents, 87 respondents said that the money that they get

from the program help them in buying of clothes/clothing and of 95

respondents, 8 respondents responses that the program doesn’t help

them in terms of buying of clothes. Out of 95 recipients, 91 responses

that the program helped them in terms of other necessities (like

shampoo, soap, toothpaste, etc.)


In table 6 lectures of Responsible Parenthood, Health Related

lectures, budgetary accounting, and livelihood, there were 90, 94, 91,

and 31 respondents, who said that the seminars helped them and there

were 5, 1, 4, and 64 respondents, who said it did not help them, this

result had corresponding weighted mean of 1.95, 1.98, 1.96, and 1.33.

The seminars on livelihood at 1.33 weighted mean did not help them.

Majority of the educational lectures helped the beneficiaries especially on

the responsible parenthood lectures, health related lectures, and

budgetary accounting lectures except for the livelihood lectures many

say it did not help. Seminars and lectures have a very big use for the

beneficiaries especially that most of them were only elementary

graduate and High School level.

Table 7 explains, of 207 respondents, all of them responded that

the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4ps) helps their children in

formal schooling in terms of buying school uniform, school supplies and

for paying school fees, it had a weighted mean of 2.

This table 8 presented that in line of health the program helped the

beneficiaries of 69 mother respondents (weighted mean 1.73) in terms of

preventive health program said that the program has a big use for them.

For children 203 and 205 respondents ( weighted mean of 1.97 and 1.98)


said that vaccines and deworming have been helpful to them. It can

immunize body against diseases and preventive incoming diseases.

Table 9 means that the program really helps to the mother

respondents. By the time the program was implemented, the case of

bothered wife, under estimating their wife’s, quarrel about financial

problem, and some husband who abused their wife regarding that they

don’t have a work and they are always stay at home. All of these cases

have been reduced through the help of 4ps. It is because the mother will

be the one receiving the money – the mother is responsible for raising

the kids and more close to the children compare to the father. And also

they have monthly seminars on how to defend women’s against any

abuses.

RESTATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

General


What was the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) in

Mabinay, NegrosOriental.

Specific

1. What was the profile of the respondents of the 4P’s recipient families based on:

1.1. Age and Gender

1.2. Educational Attainment

1.3. Employment Status

1.4. Marital Status?

2. How had the program helped/ improved the lives of the recipients in terms of:



2.3. Health Aspect

2.4. Equality of men and women?

FINDINGS

There were more female respondents than male.

Most parents were elementary grade level and high school year level.


Most of their children who were not 4ps beneficiaries had no

educational qualification.

Most of their children who were 4ps beneficiaries were school age

children.

Most parents were employed under contractual, self employed, and

unemployed.

There were plenty of young couples who not separated.

There were only few old parent respondents.

The 4ps helped the beneficiaries in buying of rice and viand, clothing,

and other necessities (such as shampoo, soap, toothpaste, and etc.).

The 4ps lectures helped the beneficiaries in terms of responsible

parenthood, health related lectures, and budgetary accounting.

The 4ps program helped the children in their school uniform, school

supplies, and school fees.

The program helped the beneficiaries in terms of health (preventive

health check-ups, vaccines, and deworming).

The program helped the women in the equality between men and

women.


CONLCUSION

There were more female respondents than male.

Most parents and children who were not 4ps beneficiaries had not

enough education.

Most children who were 4ps beneficiaries are school age children.

Most parents had no proper employment status

There were only fewer couple who got separated and there were few old

parents’ respondents.

The program helped the beneficiaries in their daily needs; and in terms of

their health; and in educational lectures.

RECOMMENDATION

Because more parents were elementary year level and high school year

level, the program must send in more educational lectures so that

parents will have more knowledge on how to raise a family and how

many children to care of.

The program must include in their lecture children who were not 4ps

beneficiaries that were not studying so that they will have a knowledge


of when to have a family and how to raise it in case they will get married,

and they will know, that to have a family is not easy.

The 4ps must improve their lectures on livelihood especially that most

parents are self-employed and unemployed.

The program must help the students until college because high school

graduate still cannot change their way of living; this is a competitive

world, if the college graduate can hardly find a job how much more the

high school graduate.

The 4ps must add additional monthly allowance because the money that

they are receiving is not enough for their needs.

ACTION PLAN

The program must help the students until college because high

school graduate still cannot change their way of living. If the program

started to sustain them from elementary until high school, the program

should finish it until college, because it will be hard for them to go into

college. The program can only see a good result if children can graduate

college where they can easily find a job and they can compete with other


people in finding work. And if they have already worked they can help

their family and the community; they can share their knowledge to them.

OPERATIONAL DEFINATION OF TERMSCasual. A worker employed only irregularly. An occasional worker.

Contractual. A contractual employee is one who is hired to work for a

specific period of time on an hourly basis or a contracted

amount. This includes part-time, seasonal, temporary faculty,

students, staff and administrative employees.

Education. The act or process of imparting or acquiring general

knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment,

and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for

mature life.

Employed.To hire or engages the services of (a person or persons); provid

e emp-loyment for; have or keep in one's service.

Family. Any group of persons closely related blood, as parents, children,

uncles, aunts, and cousins.

Gender. The state of being male, female, or neuter.

Marital Status. The condition of being married or unmarried


http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/employment

Underemployed. At a job that does not fully use one's skills or abilities.

Unemployed. Without a job; out of work.

School Age Children. Are children who study late. The start studying at

an older age

Self-Employed. Earning one's living in one's own business or through

freelance work, rather than as the employee of another

Social. Of or relating to human society, the interaction of the individual

and the group, or the welfare of human beings as a member of

society.

Society. A system of human organizations generating distinctive cultural

patterns and institutions and usually providing protection, security,

continuity, and a national identity for its members.

4P’s. Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program.

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Zaraz’ua, M. (2010). Mexico’s Progresa- Oportunidades and The Emergence of Social Assistance in Latin America, 3-19. Retrieved from http ://www.google .com.ph/#hl=fil&sclient=psy-ab&q=Mexico %E2%80 % 99s+Progresa-Oportunida des+and+the+emergence+of+ social+ assi stance+in+Latin+America&oq=Mexico%E2%80%99s+Progresa-Oport un idades+and+the+emergence+of+social+assi stance+in+Latin+America &gs_l=serp.12...430353.441004.1.442309.67.19.0.0.0.15.1321.6759.0j8j3j2j0j1j0j3.17.0...0.0...1c.1j2.SnTrZ52H45o&pbx=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.&fp=f4865277637bbd40&bpcl=37643589&biw=1360&bih=570


http://www.google.com.ph/#hl=fil&sclient=psy-ab&q=Mexico%E2%80%99s+Progresa-Oportunidades+and+the+emergence+of+social+assistance+in+Latin+America&oq=Mexico%E2%80%99s+Progresa-Oportunidades+and+the+emergence+of+social+assistance+in+Latin+America&gs_l=serp.12...430353.441004.1.44230





INTERVIEW SCHEDULE

Optional

Name: _________________ Address: __________________

1. The profile of the respondents of the 4P’s recipient families based on; age, gender, educational attainment, religious affiliation, marital status, and employment status.

1.1. What is the gender and age composition of the family member?

1.1.a. AGE ______________

1.1.b. GENDER

Male ( ) Female ( )

1.2. What is the educational attainment of the member?

1.2.a. College

College Graduate ( )

College Level ( )

1.2.b. High School

High School Graduate ( )

High School Year Level ( )

1.2.c. Elementary

Elementary Graduate ( )


Elementary Grade Level ( )

1.2.d. No Qualification ( )

1.3. What is the employment status of the member?

1.3.a. Employed

Regular/Permanent ( )

Casual ( )

Contractual ( )

1.3.b. Underemployed

Regular/Permanent ( )

Casual ( )

Contractual ( )

1.3.c. Unemployed ( )

1.4. What is the marital status of the member?

1.4.a. Single ( )

1.4.b. Married ( )

1.4.c. Remarried ( )

1.4.d. Separated/divorced ( )

1.4.e. Widowed ( )

2. How has the program helped/ improved the lives of the recipients in terms of:



2.1.a. Buying of Rice (2-3 times a day) (Yes)(No)

2.1.b. Buying of Viand (2-3 times a day) (Yes)(No)

2.1.c. Clothing (Yes) (No)

2.1.d. Other Necessities (Soap, Shampoo, Bar Soap, etc.) (Yes)(No)

2.1.e. Others Please Specify


2.2.a. Parents involvement in educational lectures/ seminars

2.2.a.1. Responsible Parenthood (Yes)(No)

2.2.a.2. Health Related lectures (Yes)(No)

2.2.a.3. Budgetary Accounting (Yes)(No)

2.2.a.4. Livelihood (Yes)(No)

2.2.a.5. Others Please Specify

2.2.b. Children (Formal Schooling)

2.2.b.1. School Uniform (Yes) (No)

2.2.b.2. School Supplies (Yes)(No)

2.2.b.3. School Fees (Yes)(No)

2.2.b.4. Others Please Specify

2.3. Health Aspect


2.3.a. Preventive health care check-ups (Yes)(No)

2.3.b. Vaccines (Yes) (No)

2.3.c. Prenatal Check-Ups (Yes)(No)

2.3.d. Postnatal Care (Yes) (No)

2.3.e. Deworming (Yes) (No)

2.3.f. Others Please Specify

2.4. Equality of men and women


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