Weather and Climate. Meteorology The study of the atmosphere The study of the atmosphere –Rain,...
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Transcript of Weather and Climate. Meteorology The study of the atmosphere The study of the atmosphere –Rain,...
MeteorologyMeteorology
The study of the atmosphereThe study of the atmosphere– Rain, dust, haze, smoke, lightening-- the Rain, dust, haze, smoke, lightening-- the
weatherweather
WeatherWeather
The current state The current state of the atmosphereof the atmosphere
What is going on What is going on right nowright now
ClimateClimate
Long-term Long-term variations of variations of weatherweather
Average over many Average over many yearsyears
Why is there different climates Why is there different climates and seasons?and seasons?
Earth is tilted therefor the sun hits Earth is tilted therefor the sun hits the earth at different anglesthe earth at different angles
The straighter the angle, the warmer The straighter the angle, the warmer the heatthe heat
** Earth distributes the heat ** Earth distributes the heat throughout the globethroughout the globe
Coriolis EffectCoriolis Effect
Because of the rotation of earth Because of the rotation of earth perfect convection currents don’t perfect convection currents don’t occur.occur.
Particles move to the right in the Particles move to the right in the north and the left in the southnorth and the left in the south
The coriolis effect combines with the heat The coriolis effect combines with the heat
imbalance to create a global imbalance to create a global wind systemwind system
Air mass Air mass
A body of air that takes on the A body of air that takes on the characteristic of the area it formscharacteristic of the area it forms
With the movement of the Earth and With the movement of the Earth and convection the air mass moves and convection the air mass moves and exchanges heat with the new area it exchanges heat with the new area it is over.is over.
Global Wind SystemGlobal Wind System
Caused by 3 different convection Caused by 3 different convection cellscells
3 basic wind systems3 basic wind systems– 1. Trade winds1. Trade winds– 2. Prevailing Westerlies2. Prevailing Westerlies– 3. Polar Easterlies3. Polar Easterlies
Trade WindsTrade Winds
Occur at the 30o N and S Occur at the 30o N and S
Air cools and sinks here and moves Air cools and sinks here and moves to the equator where it is warmed to the equator where it is warmed and rises againand rises again
Result of the Trade windsResult of the Trade winds
The rising air from the trade winds The rising air from the trade winds migrate either north or south based migrate either north or south based on the seasonon the season
Causes cloudiness and showers that Causes cloudiness and showers that provide the rain for the rain forestsprovide the rain for the rain forests
Prevailing WesterliesPrevailing Westerlies
Flows between 30o and 60o N and SFlows between 30o and 60o N and S
Circulate opposite the trade winds Circulate opposite the trade winds Responsible for most the weather in Responsible for most the weather in
the United States and Canadathe United States and Canada
Polar EasterliesPolar Easterlies
Lies between 60o Lies between 60o and the polesand the poles
Brings cold air to Brings cold air to the larger the larger continentscontinents
Jet StreamsJet Streams
Earth’s weather is Earth’s weather is influenced by influenced by atmospheric atmospheric conditions and conditions and events that occur events that occur at the boundaries at the boundaries between wind between wind zoneszones
Winds ContWinds Cont
Surface and upper air differ greatly in Surface and upper air differ greatly in temperature and pressuretemperature and pressure
Jet Streams cont.Jet Streams cont.
Narrow bands of fast, high-altitude, Narrow bands of fast, high-altitude, westerly windswesterly winds
Located where the wind systems Located where the wind systems meet (between the polar easterlies meet (between the polar easterlies and prevailing westerlies)and prevailing westerlies)
FrontsFronts
The narrow region separating two air The narrow region separating two air masses of different densities (caused masses of different densities (caused by different pressures or by different pressures or temperatures)temperatures)
4 types of Fronts4 types of Fronts
1. Cold Fronts1. Cold Fronts 2. Warm Fronts2. Warm Fronts 3. Stationary Fronts3. Stationary Fronts 4. Occluded Fronts4. Occluded Fronts
Cold FrontsCold Fronts Forces warm air up and causes clouds, Forces warm air up and causes clouds,
showers, and thunderstormsshowers, and thunderstorms
On a weather map represented as blue On a weather map represented as blue line with blue triangles point in the line with blue triangles point in the direction of movementdirection of movement
Warm FrontWarm Front Extensive Cloudiness and precipitationExtensive Cloudiness and precipitation
– June GloomJune Gloom
Represented by a solid red line with solid Represented by a solid red line with solid red semi-circlesred semi-circles
Stationary FrontStationary Front
Meeting of two mild frontsMeeting of two mild fronts No heavy weather No heavy weather
Represented by a combination of red Represented by a combination of red circles and blue trianglescircles and blue triangles
Occluded FrontOccluded Front
When two cold air masses which force a When two cold air masses which force a warm air mass upwards warm air mass upwards
Strong winds and heavy precipitationStrong winds and heavy precipitation
Pressure zonesPressure zones
High pressure- Associated with fair High pressure- Associated with fair weatherweather
Low pressure-- clouds and Low pressure-- clouds and precipitationprecipitation