WEATHER, CLIMATE, & ATMOSPHERE
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Transcript of WEATHER, CLIMATE, & ATMOSPHERE
WEATHER, WEATHER,
CLIMATE, &CLIMATE, &
ATMOSPHEREATMOSPHERE
Earth’s Relationship with the Earth’s Relationship with the SunSun
Most of the Earth’s energy comes from the Most of the Earth’s energy comes from the Sun.Sun.
This type of energy is called This type of energy is called solar energysolar energy. . Solar energy reaches Earth in two ways:Solar energy reaches Earth in two ways:
1.1. LightLight2.2. HeatHeat
What are some ways solar energy affects What are some ways solar energy affects things here on Earth?things here on Earth?
– The clothes we wear, the homes we live in, the The clothes we wear, the homes we live in, the foods we grow & eat, and which sports we playfoods we grow & eat, and which sports we play
Earth’s Relationship with the Earth’s Relationship with the Sun (Continued)Sun (Continued)
Three different Three different relationships relationships between Earth and between Earth and the sun control how the sun control how much solar energy much solar energy is received at is received at different locations:different locations:
1.1. RotationRotation2.2. RevolutionRevolution3.3. TiltTilt
Rotation, Revolution, & TiltRotation, Revolution, & Tilt RotationRotation – the Earth rotates on its axis – the Earth rotates on its axis
every 24 hours. This causes night and day.every 24 hours. This causes night and day. RevolutionRevolution – the Earth revolves around – the Earth revolves around
the sun every year (365 ¼ days).the sun every year (365 ¼ days). TiltTilt – the Earth is tilted 23 1/2 – the Earth is tilted 23 1/2˚̊. The tilt of . The tilt of
the earth’s axis determines the amount of the earth’s axis determines the amount of solar energy that different places receive solar energy that different places receive during the year.during the year.
Solar Energy & LatitudeSolar Energy & Latitude Different places on Earth receive different Different places on Earth receive different
amounts of energy.amounts of energy. Tropics – areas near the equator receive a lot Tropics – areas near the equator receive a lot
of solar energy and are warm all year. The of solar energy and are warm all year. The tropics are in the low-latitudes.tropics are in the low-latitudes.
Polar regions – areas at the high latitudes that Polar regions – areas at the high latitudes that receive very little sun and are cold most of receive very little sun and are cold most of the time.the time.
Middle latitudes – are the areas between the Middle latitudes – are the areas between the polar regions and the tropics. Temperatures polar regions and the tropics. Temperatures vary depending on the time of year.vary depending on the time of year.
The SeasonsThe Seasons Season – the time of greater or Season – the time of greater or
lesser heat.lesser heat. 4 total – summer, fall, winter, 4 total – summer, fall, winter,
and springand spring– Summer – daytime lasts longer Summer – daytime lasts longer
and the sun’s energy is stronger.and the sun’s energy is stronger.– Fall & Spring – daylight & Fall & Spring – daylight &
darkness are equal in length and darkness are equal in length and the Sun’s energy is more evenly the Sun’s energy is more evenly distributeddistributed
The tilt of the Earth’s axis The tilt of the Earth’s axis causes the Northern & Southern causes the Northern & Southern hemispheres to have opposite hemispheres to have opposite seasons at the same time of seasons at the same time of year.year.
SolsticeSolstice Occurs twice in a Occurs twice in a
yearyear– June 21June 21stst - summer - summer
– the longest day of – the longest day of yearyear
– December 21December 21stst - - winter – the winter – the shortest day of the shortest day of the yearyear
Earth’s poles tilt Earth’s poles tilt toward or away toward or away from the sun.from the sun.
EQUINOXEQUINOX Days and nights Days and nights
are equal are equal The direct rays of The direct rays of
the sun strike the the sun strike the equator.equator.
Sept 22 – Fall Sept 22 – Fall March 21 – springMarch 21 – spring
Difference between Weather Difference between Weather & Climate& Climate
WeatherWeather – – conditions in the conditions in the atmosphere atmosphere from day to day.from day to day.
ClimateClimate – – conditions in conditions in the the atmosphere atmosphere over a long over a long period of period of time. Ex. -time. Ex. -Tropical Rain Tropical Rain forestforest
Air pressureAir pressure Low pressure Low pressure
– warm air - expands & rises warm air - expands & rises – Unstable (front) Unstable (front) – Found from 60Found from 60N of the N of the
equator to 60equator to 60S of the equator S of the equator High pressure High pressure
– cold aircold air– heavy & dense – it sinks heavy & dense – it sinks – STABLESTABLE– Found from 30Found from 30-90-90 north & north &
south of the equator south of the equator
WEATHER MAP
WINDSWINDSUS – westerlies – US – westerlies – west to east west to east
AtmosphereAtmosphereAir that surrounds Air that surrounds the earththe earth
GLOBAL GLOBAL CLIMATESCLIMATES
Classified by precipitation Classified by precipitation , temperature, & , temperature, & vegetation vegetation
LATITUDE – most LATITUDE – most influence influence
LOW LATITUDELOW LATITUDE
DesertDesertSavannaSavannaRainforestRainforeststeppesteppe
Middle LatitudeMiddle LatitudeMarine West CoastMarine West CoastHumid continentalHumid continentalMediterraneanMediterraneanHumid subtropicalHumid subtropical
HC – only 1 that has 4 seasons
High latitudeHigh latitudeIcecapIcecapSubarcticSubarcticTundraTundraHighland Highland
TUNDRA