W.E Assignment:-Electrical Safety

Year-2011-12Submitted to:-Sanjay Srivastav sir

What is ‘Electricity”?

Electricity can be said as a form of energy for lower levels, but for higher levels some scientists define it as a chemical reaction, some scientists define it as something else but to us it is known as a form of energy. All its energy or power as we call it lies in the smallest object present i.e. the ‘Atom’.

Electrical safety

Electricity is dangerous. However , it is very useful and has become essential for our daily lives. Hence everyone should know about safety precautions to be taken while working with electrical devices or while maintaining them. Careless use of electricity can lead to death.

Top 10 Rules for Electric SafetyTo play it safe around your home, just remember

the rules for using electricity the right way.1. DON'T plug a bunch of stuff into one outlet or extension cord.It could damage the electrical system in your house or even cause a fire.2. DO ask grown-ups to put safety caps on all unused electrical outlets.Covering outlets will also help save energy by stopping cold drafts.3. DON'T yank an electrical cord from the wall.Pulling on a cord can damage the appliance, the plug or the outlet.4. DO make sure all electric cords are tucked away, neat and tidy.Pets might chew on electrical cords, and people might trip and fall.

5. DO ask a grown-up for help when you need to use something that uses electricity.6. DO look up and look out for power lines before you climb a tree.The electricity can go right through the tree branch - and right through you!7. DON'T ever climb the fence around an electrical substation.If a ball or pet gets inside the fence, ask a grown-up to call the electric company - they'll come and get it out for you.8. DO remind your mom or dad to watch out for power lines when they're using a ladder, chainsaw or other outdoor equipment.9. DO keep electrical stuff far away from water.Most electrical accidents around the house happen when people use electricity near water.10. DON'T fly a kite near power lines.The kite and the string may conduct electricity - sending it right through you to the ground.

We know that prevention is better than cure, so we should take care of electrical equipment to

prevent any damage.

1.Cords, Equipment, and Tool Grounding

2.Protect flexible cords and cables from physical damage. Check cords for cut, broken, or cracked insulation.

3.Make sure the insulating qualities of a splice are equal to or greater than the original cord.

4.Extension cords are for temporary use. Install permanent wiring when use is no longer temporary.

5. Verify that all three-wire tools and equipment are grounded.

6. Water, electrical equipment, and power cords do not mix! Use GFCI protection in wet or damp environments.

7. Ground exposed parts of fixed equipment that could be energized.

8. Use non-conductive tools whenever possible.

9. Always double check the operation of your voltage testers by testing a live circuit.

This is a table of the effects of an electric shock

Magnitude of current(mA)

Effect

Below 10 Mild sensation but not painful

10-40 Grip paralysis threshold (brain says let go; but physically cannot do so)

40-80Respiratory systems shuts down

100-200Experience heart fibrillation

200-500Heart clamps tight

Over 1500Tissue and organs burn

For lesser damage from electricity there are a few devices which should

be installed in the buildings.Fuses and Circuit BreakersThe most common form of electrical protection is the fuse or circuit

breaker. These are devices that are designed to protect the electrical system from too much current. Fuses and circuit breakers have a numbered rating system which indicates the maximum amount of current that they will allow through. 

GroundingAnother important safety feature is "grounding." Grounding occurs

when a ground wire is connected from ground potential to the frame of an electrical device. Grounding is not necessary for a circuit to work, it is only there for the protection of individuals from stray current.

GFCI‘sAnother protective device that can be used is called a Ground Fault

Circuit Interrupter, commonly referred to as a GFI or GFCI. This device is meant to protect human beings from electrical shocks due to faulty electrical equipment. A GFCI works by monitoring the current flow to an electrical device and comparing it to the amount of current flowing back.

This is a list that we can use to check whether these precautions have been taken care of in our

schools/homes.Safety precautions Scho

olHome

Yes

No Yes No

Hands are dry when using electrical appliances.

All appliances are used away from water.

All leads and plugs are kept away from water.

No branches hang over wires in the yard/school grounds.

All cords and plugs are in good condition.

All switches and power points are in good condition.

All plugs are fully pushed into power points.

There are enough power points for all the appliances we need to use.

There is a safety switch.

These are the steps to act on after an electrical shock occurs:

1. De energize the circuit.2. Separate the person from the energy source.3. Make sure you and the victim are in a safe zone -

not in contact with any electrical source, away from downed or broken wires.

4. Never grab the person or pull the person off the current with your hands; you might become part of the circuit and become injured as well.

5. Use a dry wood broom, leather belt, plastic rope or something similar that is non-conductive such as wood or plastic cane with hook on the end to free the person from the energy source.

6. Administer first aid2apply mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and/or CPR.

7. Keep the victim lying down, warm and comfortable to maintain body heat until help arrives. Do not move the person in case of injury to neck or back.

8. If the victim is unconscious, put him/her on side to let fluids drain.

9. Make sure the victim receives professional medical attention (person shocked could have heart failure hours later).

10. If the person's clothing is on fire, roll the person on the ground to smother the flames.

11.Cool the burn with water or saline for a few minutes or until the skin returns to normal temperature. Do not attempt to remove clothing that is stuck to a burn.

12.Keep victim warm and comfortable by covering him/her with clean, dry sheets or blankets.

13.Cover wounds with clean sheets and dry blankets.

Some information related to electricity

Outdoor workers face a high risk of suffering a fatal lightning strike.

30% of those struck by lightning will die; 74% who survive will have permanent disabilities.

Death from a lightning strike usually occurs within one hour of injury

There are approximately 290 accidental electrocutions each year.

An additional 800 people die in fires caused by faulty electrical systems every year.

Thousands are shocked and burned as the result of accidental contact with electricity every year.

An estimated $1.2 billion in property damage occurs each year due to faulty use of electricity.

Here is a picture puzzle! Solve it to see what can happen if we play near electrical poles.The answer is at the bottom right, flip it over to see whether your answer is correct or not.

There are specific common things/do’s & Don'ts in electricity, they are:

Do’s and Don’tsElectrical cords should not be frayed or damaged or have wires showing.

Plugs should be pushed all the way into the power points and should not be damaged.

Switches and power points should not be cracked, broken or loose.

Power points shouldn't be overloaded by using too many double adaptors.

Work Done By:-L.Sanathoi Devi

Class:-VIII

Roll No:-9