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![Page 1: Ways to Analyze Data to Monitor Progress on the National HIV/AIDS Strategy Angelique Griffin, MS DC Department of Health HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD and TB.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e2d5503460f94b1dbda/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ways to Analyze Data to Monitor Progress on the National HIV/AIDS
Strategy
Angelique Griffin, MS
DC Department of Health
HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD and TB Administration
June 3, 2012
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A Public Health/Academic Partnership between the
District of Columbia Department of Healthand
The George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Contract Number POHC-2006-C-0030
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REDUCING NEW INFECTIONS
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Reducing New Infections
New record of 122,000 publicly supported HIV tests in 2011, up from 110,000 in 2010 and triple the 43,000 tests in 2007.
Distributed more than 5 million male and female condoms, a 10-fold increase from 2007.
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Objective 1: Reduce the number of new infections by 25%
853 New HIV cases diagnosed and reported in 2009
835 in 2010
The goal is to reduce the number of new cases to 640 by 2015
DC2009 DC2010 DC20150
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900 853 835
640
Number of Newly Diagnosed HIV Cases, by Year
Year of Diagnosis
Nu
mb
er
of
Ne
wly
Dia
gn
os
ed
HIV
Ca
se
s
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Objective 2: Reduce the HIV transmission rate, which is a measure of annual transmissions in relation to the number of people living with HIV,
by 30% 5.1 per 100 people in
2009
5.8 per 100 people in 2010
The NHAS goal is to reduce this rate to 3.6 transmission per 100 people
DC2009 DC2010 DC20150
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
5.1
5.8
3.6
Estimated Rate of HIV Transmission, by Year
Year
Rat
e p
er 1
00 p
eop
le*
* Estimate based on newly diagnosed HIV cases.
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Objective 3: Increase the percentage of people living with HIV who know their
serostatus from 79% to 90%.
Using data from the CDC-funded NHBS study, DC is able to track the proportion of participants who know their HIV status
HET1 MSM2 IDU2 HET20%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
53%59%
70%
79%
Proportion of NHBS Participants who Knew HIV Status, by Cycle
NHBS Cycle
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f P
art
icip
an
ts
Source: National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Data
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INCREASING ACCESS TO CARE AND IMPROVING HEALTH OUTCOMES FOR PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV
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Increasing Access to Care and Improving Health Outcomes for People
Living with HIV Nearly 500 more persons living with HIV
obtained more health insurance coverage through expanded Medicaid eligibility.
Public-private partnership “Positive Pathways” developed new peer-based community health worker program to connect newly diagnosed persons with HIV into medical care.
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Objective 4: Increase the proportion of newly diagnosed patients linked to clinical care within 3 months of their HIV diagnosis
from 65% to 85% Linkage to care
70% in 2009 76% in 2010
The 2015 goal is 85%
DC2009 DC2010 DC20150%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
70%76%
85%
Proportion of Newly Diagnosed HIV Cases Linked to Care within 3 months of
HIV diagnosis
Year of Diagnosis
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f N
ew
ly D
iag
no
se
d C
as
es
Source: Name-based HIV surveillance and laboratory data
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Objective 5: Increase the proportion of Ryan White HIV Program clients who are in continuous care (at least 2 visits for routine HIV medical care in 12 months at 3
months apart) from 73% to 80%
23% in 2009 35% in 2010.
The goal is to increase this proportion to 80%
DC2009 DC2010 DC20150%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
23%
35%
80%
Proportion of Ryan White Clients in Con-tinuous Care
Year
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f R
ya
n W
hit
e C
lien
ts
Source: Name-based HIV surveillance and laboratory data
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Objective 6: Increase the number of Ryan White clients with permanent housing
from 82% to 86%
In 2009, 70% of RW clients had permanent housing, and 69% in 2010
DC2009 DC2010 DC20150%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
70% 69%
86%
Proportion of Ryan White Clients with Permanent Housing, by Year
Source: Ryan White Program/HOPWA
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REDUCING HIV-RELATED HEALTH DISPARITIES
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Reducing HIV-Related Health Disparities
Provided free STD testing for 4,300 youth ages 15 to 19 years old through the school based STD screening and community screening programs, up from 3,000 in 2010.
Removed more than 340,000 needles from the street, an increase from 317,000 in 2010, through the DC needle exchange programs despite one program closing during the year.
Launched first in the nation, HIV testing program at Department of Human Service Social Service center through a public-private partnership. More than 200 persons were tested in first three days.
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Objective 7: Increase the proportion of HIV diagnosed gay and bisexual men with
undetectable viral load by 20% 28% in 2009
39% in 2010
Though currently exceeding the NHAS goal, continued efforts are in place to have greater viral suppression among this high HIV prevalence group
DC2009 DC2010 DC20150%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
28%
39%
33%
Proportion of Gay/Bisexual Men with an Undetectable Viral Load, by Year
Source: Name-based HIV surveillance and laboratory data
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Objective 8: Increase the proportion of HIV diagnosed Blacks with undetectable viral
load by 20% 25% in 2009
38% in 2010
Though currently exceeding the NHAS goal, continued efforts are in place to have greater viral suppression among this high HIV prevalence group DC2009 DC2010 DC2015
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
25%
38%
29%
Proportion of Black/African Ameri-can Cases with an Undetectable
Viral Load, by Year
Source: Name-based HIV surveillance and laboratory data
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Objective 9: Increase the proportion of HIV diagnosed Latinos with undetectable
viral load by 20% 32% in 2009
41% in 2010
DC2009 DC2010 DC20150%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
32%
41%38%
Proportion of Hispanics/Latinos with an Undetectable Viral Load, by
Year
Source: Name-based HIV surveillance and laboratory data
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Improving Coordination and Integration of Services
Mayor’s Commission on HIV/AIDS actions Letter sent to more than 4,000 doctors in DC highlighting the
District’s policy of offering routine HIV tests to all adults and adolescents.
Ongoing collaboration between DOH and the Department of Insurance, Securities and Banking to enforce District law on insurance reimbursement of HIV testing in emergency rooms.
Developed new fast track policy for homeless persons living with HIV and mental health and substance abuse conditions to receive coordinated services.
Under the national Program Collaboration and Service Integration (PCSI) initiative, HAHSTA creates new teams to assess program activities and align goals and objectives with National HIV/AIDS Strategy.
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Objectives
To further characterize rates of viral suppression (VS) as they relate to: Linkage to care Continuity of care
To identify factors associated with
achievement and maintenance of VS
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20
• 16,721 reported living with HIV/AIDS in the District at the end of 2009
• Mean CVL 33,847 copies/ml
• DC is an intervention community in HPTN065 (the TLC Plus Study)
HIV/AIDS in the District of Columbia, 2009
Proportion of persons living with HIV/AIDS, by Ward, 2009
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Continuum of Care for HIV Cases Diagnosed in the District of Columbia, 2005-2009
Diagnosed HIV Cases
Linked to HIV care by 12/31/2010
Received additional HIV care by 12/31/2010
Ever achieved viral suppression by
12/31/2010†
Maintained viral suppression through
12/31/2010‡
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
4,879
4,3473,729
2,730
1,391
58% Continuous
Care
42% Sporadic
Care
†At least one viral load test result prior to 12/31/2010 was ≤400 copies/mL.‡All subsequent viral load test results were ≤400 copies/mL.
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Definitions
Linkage to care: Evidence of a CD4 or VL laboratory
reported after initial diagnosis Continuous care:
2 visits (CD4 or VL) within a 12-month period at least 3 months apart
Viral Suppression (VS): Viral load (VL) <400 copies/ml
Sustained VS: All VL <400 copies/ml over the 12-month
period after achieving VS
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Methods
Identified newly diagnosed HIV-infected adults and adolescents diagnosed between 2006-2007 from DC DOH HIV/AIDS surveillance database Inclusion criteria: Had an initial detectable VL
followed by at least one additional VL test reported to DC DOH prior to 12/31/10
Calculated time to and maintenance of VS Conducted uni-, bi-, multivariate analyses
and survival analyses to assess predictors of VS and maintenance
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Case Demographics by Achievement of VSAchieved VS (n=648) Did not Achieve VS (N=340)
Characteristic N (%) N (%)Sex
Male 444 (68.5) 240 (70.6)Female 204 (31.5) 100 (29.4)
Age at HIV Diagnosis13-29 159 (24.5) 106 (31.2)30-39 172 (26.5) 92(27.1)40-49 195 (30.1) 104(30.6)≥50 122 (18.8) 38 (11.2)
Race/EthnicityWhite 89 (13.7) 54 (15.9)Black 508 (78.4) 268 (78.8)
Hispanic 38 (5.9) 11 (3.2)Other* 13 (2.0) 7 (2.1)
Risk FactorMSM 263 (40.6) 127 (37.4)IDU 88 (13.6) 51 (15.0)
MSM/IDU 19 (2.9) 12 (3.5)Heterosexual 201 (31.0) 114 (33.5)
Risk not identified 77 (11.9) 36 (10.6)Insurance
Public 295 (45.5) 149 (43.8)Private 132 (20.4) 66 (19.4)
No coverage 45 (6.9) 30 (8.8)Unknown 176 (27.2) 95 (27.9)
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Clinical Characteristics by Achievement of VS
CharacteristicAchieved VS
(n=648)Did not Achieve VS
(N=340)N (%) N (%)
Diagnostic StatusHIV (not AIDS) 415 (64.2) 256 (75.3)
AIDS 231 (35.8) 84 (24.7)CD4 Count at Diagnosis
< 200 242 (37.6) 85 (25.4)200 - 350 135 (21.0) 52 (15.5)
> 350 262 (40.8) 196 (58.5)VL at Diagnosis
Mean VL 185,883.5 266,826.8Median VL 22,583.5 18,444.0
Linkage to Care<3 Months 460 (71.0) 228 (67.1)3-6 Months 45 (6.9) 25 (7.4)
6-12 Months 41 (6.3) 27 (7.9)12+ Months 102 (15.7) 60 (17.7)
Annual VL test rateAt least 2 VL tests per year 288 (44.4) 33 (9.7)
Less than 2 VL tests per year 360 (55.6) 307 (90.3)Continuous Care
Yes 207 (31.9) 76 (22.4)No 441 (68.1) 264 (77.6)
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Predictors of Achieving Viral Suppression Characteristic OR 95%CI aOR† 95%CIAge at HIV Diagnosis
13-29 referent30-39 1.25 (0.89, 1.77) 1.09 (0.74, 1.62)40-49 1.25 (0.89, 1.76) 1.13 (0.77, 1.66)≥50 2.14 (1.38, 3.32) 2.09 (1.29, 3.39)
Risk FactorMSM referentIDU 0.83 (0.56, 1.25) 0.60 (0.37, 0.99)
MSM/IDU 0.77 (0.36, 1.62) 0.60 (0.26, 1.40)Heterosexual 0.85 (0.62, 1.16) 0.61 (0.39, 0.93)
Risk not identified 1.03 (0.66, 1.62) 0.83 (0.49, 1.39)Diagnostic Status
HIV (not AIDS) referentAIDS 1.70 (1.26, 2.28) 1.92 (1.34, 2.74)
CD4 Count at Diagnosis< 200 2.13 (1.56, 2.81) --
200 - 350 1.94 (1.34, 2.81) --> 350 referent --
Annual VL test rateAt least 2 VL tests per year 7.44 (5.03, 11.0) 8.02 (5.31, 12.11)
Less than 2 VL tests per year
referent
Continuous CareYes 1.63 (1.20, 2.21) 1.01 (0.71, 1.44)No referent
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Median Number of Days to Viral Suppression
< 3 Months
3 - 6 Months
6 - 12 Months
> 12 Months0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
< 3 Months 3 - 6 Months6 - 12 Months > 12 Months
Timing of Linkage to Care
Nu
mb
er
of
da
ys
to
VS
Continuous Care
Sporadic Care0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Continuous Care Sporadic Care
Retention in Care
Nu
mb
er
of
da
ys
to
VS
Linkage to Care Retention in Care
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VLs among Those Not Maintaining VS
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Limitations
Unable to determine actual number of patient encounters Used routinely reported lab data as a
proxy All laboratories report to surveillance
system Do not have ARV data to accompany this
analysis VL <400 (undetectable VL) approximates
viral suppression
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Conclusions
More rapid linkage to care and retention in continuous care led to more rapid achievement of VS
Analysis can help guide targeted interventions to increase linkage to care rates and treatment adherence
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Acknowledgements
DC DOH HAHSTA Dr. Irshad Shaikh Tiffany West Dr. Gregory Pappas Dr. Yujiang Jia
GWU SPHHS Dr. Amanda Castel Sarah Willis Dr. Alan Greenberg Dr. Manya Magnus Dr. Irene Kuo Dr. James Peterson