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Wavelength Division Multiplexing

( WDM )

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Light Waves can be

compared to RF

RF is Everywhere – So are

Light Waves

RF is Analogous to WDM

What is WDM?

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WDM uses different light wavelengths like RF

uses different frequencies

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WDM Benefits

WDM Fiber compared to Copper Cables

• Single Fiber Pairs Replace Copper Bundles

• Hundreds of Wave Lengths on a Fiber Pair

• 100 Giga Bit or more Bandwidth per Wave Length

• Install Fiber Once - Multiplex to Existing Infrastructure – Saves Space

– Reduces Weight

– Reduces Cost

– Supports Higher Bandwidth over Longer Distances

– Improves Scalability

– Allows for Redundancy

– Improved Security

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WDM Applications Uncompressed video distribution JSF – Joint Strike Fighter

Commercial Airlines

Campus information distribution Telecommunications network

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6

• I/O Fiber Converters, Mux/DeMux,

Basic Architecture

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• I/O Fiber Converters, Mux/DeMux, OLP, Fiber Splitter,

OADM

Power

Source

WDM SYSTEM

I/O Fiber

Converter

WDM SYSTEM

Optical Line

ProtectionFiber

Splitter

I/O

Fiber

Con-

verters

Power

Source

Mux/

Demux

WDM SYSTEM

Device

Device/

CODEC

Device

RS422

Video

NTDS

ʎ1...n Optical Line

Protection

Optical Line

Protection

ʎ1 ʎ2

ʎ4 ʎ3

ʎ5 A6

ʎ8

ʎ1...n

ʎ1...n

ʎ1...n

ʎ1...n

ʎ1...n ʎ1...n

ʎ1...n

ʎ1...n

Power

Source

OADMOptical Add Drop

Multiplexer

Device

1553

Device

Ethernet 1Gb

Device

Audio

Device

IRIG-B

Device

WDM Fiber 10Gb

ʎ7 A8

Device IRIG-B

Device

Device/

CODEC

Device

RS422

Video

NTDS

Device

1553

Device

Ethernet 1Gb

Device

Audio

Device

WDM Fiber 10Gb

I/O

Fiber

Con-

verters

Mux/

Demux

ʎ1 ʎ2

ʎ4 ʎ3

ʎ5 A6ʎ7

UnUsed

BW

UnUsed

BW

Full Architecture

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• Converting NTDS Electrical Signals to Optical Wavelengths

• Delay of ~500ns to perform conversion

NTDS Signals

Input FIFO

FPGA

PHY CoreData Translater Transceiver

NTDS Output

Fiber

Fiber

NTDS Input Output FIFONTDS

Signals

NTDS to WDM Converter

SFP Module (WDM Transceiver)

• Small Form-Factor Pluggable

• Compact

• Hot-Pluggable

• Each Module generates different

wavelength

• Optional Tunable Dense WDM

SFP Module support for automatic

or manual configuration of all

wavelengths in system

– Only one SFP type needs to be

incorporated greatly simplifying

configuration and deployment

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Naval Tactical Data System

• I/O Interface standard for Navy Shipboard equipment

• Covered in MIL-STD-1397C

• Point to Point, Copper cable

• Parallel, up to 144 connections

– Type A, Slow, 41K word/s

– Type B, Fast, 250K word/s

– Type C, ANEW, 250K word/s

– Type H, High Throughput, 500K word/s

• Serial

– D, Serial, 10Mb/s, coaxial cable

– E, Serial, 10Mb/s, triaxial cable

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Optical Conversion of Other Interface Types

• Example Interfaces

– 10/100/1000/10000 Mb Ethernet

– Video (Composite, DVI, HDMI)

– Audio

– IRIG-B

– 1553

– RS-232/422/485

– 100BASE-FX, 1000BASE-LX, 1000BASE-SX Fiber

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– Coarse WDM (CWDM)

• Allows for combining up to 16 wavelengths on a

single fiber

• Passive (no power required)

• Wavelengths defined by ITU-G.694.2

• Wavelengths 20nm apart in 1271nm to 1611nm

range

Multiplexer/

Demultiplexer

ʎ1...n

ʎ1

ʎ2

ʎ4

ʎ3

ʎ5

A6

ʎ7

ʎ8

ʎn

...

The Multiplexer • Multiplexer Combines and Separates Wavelengths from

Fiber

• Protocol Independent

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– Dense WDM (DWDM)

• Increased channel count beyond 16, to 40, 80 or

more

• Hardware currently available for combining 384

wavelengths on a single fiber, theoretically this can

be expanded much further

• Wavelengths and spacing defined by ITU-T.694.1

• requires more precise equipment that is higher cost

Multiplexer/

Demultiplexer

ʎ1...n

ʎ1

ʎ2

ʎ4

ʎ3

ʎ5

A6

ʎ7

ʎ8

ʎn

...

The Multiplexer (Continued)

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Optical Line Protection (OLP)

Monitoring the Fiber Network

• Allows for detection of light source on alternate fibers

• Practical implementation of primary/secondary pairing for redundancy

• Fault Detection/Switching Time Typically around 10ms

• Allow for manual switching

• Remote control/status supported using SNMP

OLP

Source

Primary Secondary

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Optical Add/Drop Module (OADM)

• Allows for addition and removal of only targeted wavelengths from a fiber

• ROADM is similar but incorporates reconfigurable components allowing for targeted wavelengths to be changed as required

Amplifiers / Splitters • Amplifiers are available for boosting if necessary

• Normally used if multiple splitters are to be used or distances are extreme (Tens to hundreds of miles)

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16 Channel WDM – I/O Converter Box

• 3U CPCI form factor

• Universal System to accept different I/O to Fiber

Converters

• Simple replacement of WDM Fiber Wavelengths via

SFP and I/O Modules

16 Channel WDM – OLP + Mux/DeMux

17

• Mux/DeMux + OLP in one 2U box

• Support SNMP for system status and control

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Demo System

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Demo System close up view

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Rugged WDM

• Meets MIL-S-901D, MIL-STD-167-1,

MIL-STD-461,

• Adapter System Allows for Ease of

Configuration

• I/O WDM Converters and I/O Adapters can

be changed out as required

• Height of unit varies depending upon

number of desired channels